1871 distrit 1872 1873 Eliot's 1st Yearse HOT GBD's first tup Birth of Beatrif Jases(Ferrend) - Penic of 1873 abroad (22pp.) -Travels in Europe "Virpt 1872-74 - CHRONOLOGY OF IMPORTANT EVENTS IN THE PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL LIFE OF CHARLES ELIOT November 1, 1859 Charles Eliot was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His father was Charles W. Eliot (1834-1926), a professor of chemistry and math- ematics at Harvard College. His mother was Ellen Derby Peabody Eliot (d. 1869). He had one younger brother, Samuel Atkins Eliot (1862-1950). (Samuel Atkins Eliot would later become president of the American Unitarian Association from 1900-1927.) October 1863 to August 1865 The Eliots were in Europe for the professional development of Pro- fessor Eliot. Winter 1863: Paris (Young Charles had typhoid fever.) Summer 1864: London, Heidelberg, Switzerland Winter 1864: Marburg, Germany Summer 1865: Italy, Vienna, Berlin June 1867 through June 1868 The Eliots returned to Europe because of Mrs. Eliot's ill health. From June 1867 through September 1869, Grandmother Peabody and Aunt Anna Peabody lived with the Eliots and took care of the boys. Summer 1867: London and Paris Winter 1867-68: Pau, in southern France (Ellen Eliot sick with lung/throat congestion.) Summer 1868 spent in Brookline, Massachusetts. March 1869 Ellen Eliot died. Summer 1869 spent in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. September 1869 Charles W. Eliot began his tenure as the President of Harvard University. His son Charles started to attend school regularly for the first time. Summer 1870 spent on Pond Street, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. Summer 1871 The Eliots spent their first summer on Mount Desert Island, Maine. President Eliot, very concerned about the sickly condition of his son, wanted him to experience outdoor life. The Eliots would continue to camp and sail here every summer through 1878 (except for 1877). 3 In 1871, Charles made his first landscape plan for a section of the Norton Woods in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and drew plans for imaginary towns. Spring 1872 The Sunshine, a 43-1/2 foot sloop designed for cruising, was built for the family. Spring 1874 From the end of January through May, Charles went on a trip to Florida with Aunt Anna. His father was in Europe on business for Harvard University. 1875 At sixteen, Charles Eliot was in the habit of riding out to the end of a trolley line and then walking five to ten miles to another stop to return to town. He thus became intimately familiar with the open countryside surrounding Boston. By 1878, he had recorded a partial list of these "Saturday Walks": Readville to Quincy Wellesley to Dedham Wellesley to Waltham Grantville to Waltham Auburndale by Stony Brook to Waltham Stony Brook to Lexington by Beaver Pond Stony Brook to Waltham Stony Brook by Mead's Pond to Waverly Belmont to Waverly Woburn to Arlington Winchester to Linden Station Wyoming to Winchester Wyoming to Arlington Greenwood to Lynn Lowell St. Station to Maplewood Malden to Lynn Summer 1876 Charles attended the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition with his father and brother, Samuel Atkins Eliot. October 1876 Charles Eliot was sent to Kendall's School, Appian Way, Cambridge. He would make two important friends there-Roland Thaxter and John H. Storer. July 1877 He heard rumors for the first time that his father was wooing a Miss Hopkinson. 4 R. Stanton Avery Special Collections Dept. New England Historic Genealogical Society 101 Newbury Street Boston, MA 02116 COPY 1871 - GBD & WWD go to London- then join parents at Baden-Baden (Good copy - to be read for typographical errors) 1872-1874 - C.H.D. to Paris for winter, going to Riviera and &WWW to Rome; ChD. returned home in spring; GBD & WWD going again, the same spring to England, Scotland and Wales, with Mr. Dana as a companion on the trip; in the fall of 1873 WWD returned home, & CHD joined GBD for a winter in Paris and on Riviera, returning home in the spring of 1874. (Good copy, but change has to be made, as it is written incorrectly.) 1874 - 1878 -- Abroad - Rome, etc. (unfinished) 1878 - trip to Brittany ; trip to Spain, winter of 1877 to be added to the story. 1882 - Trip to Central Italy & Sicily - Rough Copy 1891-1892 - Trip to Palestine & Up Nile - Good Canoeing Trip to Moosehead Lake with Sam Warren - 1895 1902 - Trip with Geologists - Good 1903 - GBD & Vanderbilts - Good 1904 - To Sierras - Good 1907 - Last Trip Abroad Rough A trip through Virginia Staying at Biltmore Estes Park - (Col. Fordyce* 1/16/2021 AAS Catalog Record AAS General Catalog of the American Antiquarian Society Quick Search GO ADVANCED SEARCH SEARCH HISTORY LOGIN HELP EXIT Catalog Record #39549 Back To Titles Prev 9 of 35 Next DeCosta, B. F. (Benjamin Franklin), 1831-1904. Online Version Rambles in Mount Desert: : with sketches of travel on the New England coast, Google Books: from isles of Shoals to Grand Menan. / By B. F. De Costa. Full text New York, A. D. F. Randolph and Co.; Boston, A. Williams and Co., 1871. available 280 p. : front. (mounted photo.) ; 16 cm "About Book" More About This Item Find Similar Items Actions Print E-mail Export Page Display Display with Static URL MARC View Holdings Information Status Call Number Location Actions Not Charged LMeL MountD DeCo R871 Stacks Request Search Search History Help Mobile Catalog Exit to 2017 American Antiquarian Society / 185 Salisbury Street, Worcester Massachusetts 01609-1634 | Tel: 508-755-5221 I Privacy Policy Hours Contact Us htps://catalog.mwa.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchld=2826&recPointer=8&recCount=10 1/1 MARATHON Figure 11 : An 1873 depiction of the popular pastime "Rocking" along Mount Desert Island's coast. Opportunities for exploration became more limited as sections of the coast were purchased and developed as summer estates. Many areas were later made accessible through the efforts of the Path Committees of the Village Improvement Societies. Pen and ink drawing from Mount Desert in 1873, portrayed in Crayon and Quill (J. .R. Osgood & Co.) 1873, with the caption: Here Florence, deftly tripping o'er the strand, Oft begged for Reginald's supporting hand. 32 Copy 1 My first trip abroad was made in the summer of 1871, during the vacation period between my Freshman and Sophomore years at Harvard. My older brother, William Ward Dorr, at Harvard also in an earlier class, and I sailed together from Boston as soon as the college term was over to join our parents, who had crossed in the early spring and would be awaiting us on the Rhine. The only steamships to England then making regular, mail-carrying trips were those of the Cunard Line, found- ed by Samuel Cunard of Halifax, Novia Scotia, in 1839, who had testified his faith in the triumph of steam over sails by offering the British government a well-considered, favorable contract for the carrying of mails; and the company he formed was given the contract for it. Samuel Cunard, it is interesting to note, was the son of a Philadelphia Loyalist who fled to Nova Scotia, like many others of his time, during the Revolution. The Cunard vessels made only two trips a week at that time, one from New York on Wednesdays, the other, on which the older boats were used, from Boston on Saturdays. The ship we sailed on was the Scotia, built in 1862, the last of the side-wheelers. JML. Blif. 13 (1871) 2. An outstanding recollection of the voyage was when I woke the first morning out and lay in my berth, immed- iately beneath the deck, none too happily conscious of the motion of the ship, and heard the tramping of the sailors overhead as they hoisted the sails to speed us on our way, for the wind was following. They sang some of the old sea chanties as they pulled on the ropes, one sailor singing the burden of the song, the others all coming in on the chorus. It took us thirteen days to reach Liverpool, days of monotony till we came in sight of Ireland, with its pale-green fields and high, uplifted coast, when all be- came at once full of interest. We landed the next day at Liverpool, where I got the impression, soon lost, of the English as a race, distinct from the individual, and my first introduction to an English breakfast. From Liverpool we went straight on to Chester, one of the most interesting of mediaeval towns, with its old city walls and raised walks covered by the projecting upper stories of the houses with their quaint gabled roofs and heavy-beamed construction. The best shops of the town opened on these walks, with steps leading up at intervals, (1871) 3. while stores of commoner sort fronted beneath them upon the street below -- a curious arrangement which I have never seen elsewhere. The city's two main streets, extending straight across from gate to gate and meeting at the market-center, are a direct inheritance from the old Roman camp, Castra -- whence the city's name -- established in the first century of our era as a check upon the turbulent Celtic tribes in Wales beyond the River Dee and to serve as military headquarters for the Island, its importance being indicat- ed by the fact that it had no qualifying epithet of river or other natural feature to distinguish it as did the other camps in Britain -- Manchester, Gloucester, Lancaster and the rest. And the chief camp it remained throughout the whole long period of Roman occupation. During the greater portion of that time, order so good was maintained by means of subordinate camps and military roads that men could travel in safety and villas be built and occupied outside the cities in scarce less security than at the present time. An atmosphere of old Arthurian legend hangs about the place and over the River Dee which borders it, whose waters were held sacred by the ancient Britons. Of these legends (1871) 4. I had often read as a boy in Sir Thomas Malory, whose famous book, Morte d'Arthur, was in our library and had made great appeal to my imagination as did, too, the later, half-legendary tales of Alfred, King of the West Saxons, and his struggle against the Danes. From Chester we went on to London, then at the season's height. It was, as I look back on it, a great historic scene, the culmination of a long period of in- creasing wealth and power. Social life all centered round the Court, Parliament, and the Aristocracy, who came up from their country seats for the season, opening their town houses. There was as yet no tourist crowd; London expressed the life of its own English people and presented itself magnificently. Splendid equipages rolled by, the coach- men in full livery, two footmen up behind, while the crowd looked on and approved. It seemed then a very solid world, destined to endure. In the morning, if the day was pleasant, society went out in number and rode on horseback in Rotten Row corrupted in the common parlance from the original 'Route du Roi' -- or drove in stately carriages alongside the Row, (1871) 5. stopping ever and anon to talk with the riders. It was a great social spectacle and had a fitting setting in Hyde Park, in the simplicity of its old elms and broad greensward. Nothing consciously landscaped could have had the same effect of unobtrusive dignity. Nor had one any sense of incongruity between the people and the Aristocracy, who seemed but the fit and natural culmina- tion of the nation's life. It was the end of one epoch, the beginning of another not yet come into its own. One of the sights of the city at that time was the departure in the morning from the White Horse Tavern in Piccadilly of four-horse coaches, owned and driven by gentlemen, men of rank and station, and headed for some point of interest a day's run out and back, with relays of horses at suitable distances for quick travel, as in old coaching days. The horses, well matched and handled, were of the finest and great pride was taken in their good appearance by their drivers, who wore white top-hats and smart coaching rigs, a costly flower in their button- hole and a gaily dressed lady by their side. The passen- gers, in gala autire, rode on top, two grooms up behind, one of whom had a horn which he blew at intervals as they (1871) 6. rolled down the crowded street, carriages and wagons drawing to the roadside and giving, by courtesy and custom, clear passage to the coach, while all upon the sidewalk turned and looked. A characteristic and delightful feature of London at that time was the hansom-cab, two-wheeled, with cover- ed top and open front, the driver sitting up behind, the view lying fully open ahead as one drove along. These were in constant movement in the streets where fares were to be found and one could always hail one without long waiting, while the fares were low -- a shilling and up- ward, according to the distance. As the wealth was the greatest, so the shops on the fashionable shopping streets of London, Bond Street and the rest, were the finest in the world, making, without ostentation, rich display, while along Piccadilly, oppo- site Green Park, and the streets that opened out from it houses were owned or suites of rooms were rented for the season by gentlemen, their windows shaded by bright color- ed awnings and decorated with flowers in boxes, making the whole quarter gay. (1871) 7. We stayed, my brother and I, at a quiet but fashion- able family hotel on the corner of Regent Street and Water- loo Place, admirably kept by a Frenchman named Maurigy, where my father and mother had stayed when they came out that spring, of which my best remembrance is that of the wonderful 'Southdown' mutton, done to a turn, served us at dinner, and the green gooseberry tart with cream which followed -- a dish unknown to us before, gooseberries not thriving in the drier climate of eastern North America. We visited no 'sights,' the Tower or other; the real sight in London then was London itself, the living city, London at its greatest when it reached a point of pre-eminence and display it never reached before nor will again. And, if one did not look too closely at what lay behind, it was indeed a splendid show, which no ruins from out the past could equal or approach in interest. So we took in the great spectacle of its crowds and pageantry; got ourselves clothes for the summer at half the cost of what we would have paid at home, with wider choice of material and better fit, furnished outselves with top-hats of the famous Lincoln and Bennett make, which I as a Freshman at Harvard had never worn before, and indulged in the luxury, new to us, of shoes made to order. Then we went our way to join our parents, now awaiting us at Baden-Baden on the Rhine. (1871) 8. We left London on a stormy day to cross the channel from Dover to Ostend, which was, as it turned out -- the vessels being small -- one of the roughest trips that I have ever made. At Ostend -- on the Belgian coast -- the language presented no difficulty for we both spoke French, but not a word of German; and it was with much relief that we found, arriving late that evening at Cologne, our parents' very competent courier, an Englishman named Wyatt, awaiting us as the train pulled in. Taking us to a hotel, he provided us with a much-needed supper, for, thanks to the crossing we had made, we had eaten nothing since we breakfasted in London. The next morning we visited the magnificent old Gothic Cathedral, took a sight of the ancient city built as a Roman colony -- whence the name, Colonia originally in the first century of our era, and then left by steamer to go up the Rhine to Baden-Baden. I remember well the interest of that trip when all was new to me -- the famous river of which I had read so much, city after city which we stopped at, the old ruined castles, hillsides clothed with vineyards, all rich in history and legend. (1871) 9. Our parents, whom we joined that afternoon, had come out in April, sailing from New York to Liverpool, whence they had gone, as we also when we came, to Chester, and thence to Leamington, a mineral spring resort some thirty miles away. There, arriving in the evening, my father registered in the hotel guest book. When he came down to breakfast the next morning an elderly waiter approached him and said: "Mr. Dorr, I read your name in the registry book last night. May I ask if you are a relative of an American gentleman, Mr. George B. Dorr, who came here in 1842 with his young wife who was taken ill here and died?" It was my father's older half-brother, George Bucknam Dorr, whose name I bear, and his beautiful young wife, Joanna Hone Dorr, the daughter of Samuel S. How- land of New York. She was taken ill there, as they were on their way back to New York for her confinement, giving birth prematurely to a child who also died. The waiter remembered them well and that he should have done SO and should have been there still and in the same position is a striking instance of the conservatism of English life at that time. (1871) 10. From Leamington, my father and mother drove out to Kenilworth and Warwick Castle, two of the most picturesque and historic ruins in England, and to Stratford-on-Avon, the picturesque little country town which was Shakespeare's birthplace and early home. They then went on to London where to my mother all was new, this being her first trip abroaa. There they stayed two weeks, visiting the picture galleries, the Houses of Parliament and St. Paul's Cathedral, and seeing, as we, the living city's great historic show. Entertained at dinner by English friends to whom they had shown hos- pitality at home, I recall my mother's telling me of a dinner where to her great interest she found herself seated between Robert Browning, the poet, and Ivan Tourge- neiff, the famous Russian novelist, with whom especially she had much interesting talk. From London, crossing the channel from Dover to Os- tend, they went on to Bonn, the famous university town and the birthplace of Beethoven, where they attended service in the Old Cathedral and heard much good music, it being the time of Whitsuntide or Pentecost, when the marvel of the tongues of fire appeared: (1871) 11. "Now when Pentecost was fully come they were all with one accord in one place. And suddenly there came a sound from heaven as of a rushing mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting. And there appeared unto them cloven tongues like as of fire, and it sat upon each of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance." Thence they took steamer up the Rhine to Mayence, built at a great strategic point which has given it im- portance always and led to its being made in recent years one of the strongest border fortresses in Germany, in case the Christian spirit embodied in its old cathedral should fail to keep the peace. From Mayence, journeying through various old towns, they went over the Brenner Pass to Italy, where, for all was new to them, four weeks of such interest were spent that memory of them never faded nor merged in that of later years when all had grown familiar. Thence, return- ing northward, they went to Baden-Baden to await our coming. Baden-Baden tells in its very name of the value set by the Romans, in the days of the Empire, on warm, outflow- ing mineral springs, wherever found. The town is set on a (1871) 12. hill in a beautiful valley bordering the Black Forest, where the springs that led to its fountains gush forth from a number of sources at the foot of Castle Rock and are thence piped direct to luxurious bath establishments scattered through the town, which has made it a famous resort, not only for the ill but idle. From Baden-Baden, a united party now, we went on to Heidelberg, on the Neckar, where we visited its ruined castle, the most magnificent in Germany, overlooking the town and valley, and saw the students of its famous univer- sity -- a picturesque feature in the streets in their corps uniforms. My mother's younger brother, George Cabot Ward, giving up a business life to become, as he then planned, a writer, had been a student here and my mother, who had read at the time his letters home, was interested to see the town and countryside where he had lived and walked. From Heidelberg we went on to Dresden, the capital of Saxony, to see the famous Royal Gallery, amongst which Raphael's Sistine Madonna, one of the greatest of all pictures, stands out in my memory, pre-eminent and unfor- gettable. (1871) 13. From Dresden we went on to Nuremberg in Bavaria, most picturesque of mediaeval cities, famous as the home of Albrecht Durer and scarce less so by the delight- ful tradition associated with it of Hans Sachs, the cob- bler poet, and his guild of Meistersingers. Then, from Nuremberg we went directly up into the Bavarian Alps to see the famous Passion Play at Ober- ammergau, enacted by the villagers every tenth year since 1633 in gratitude for the cessation of a plague which had desolated the surrounding country. The whole village takes part in its performance as a devout relig- ious ceremony. Its regular decennial performance had come the year before, in 1870, but after the first one or two performances the villager who took, and marvellous- ly well, the part of Christ had been drafted into service in the Franco-Prussian War, and for the remainder of the year the play was given up. But, the war over, he had returned unharmed, with the long curls his Christus part necessitated unshorn, and the Passion Play was taken up again at the point where the war had interrupted it, and that is how it chanced that we had the opportunity to see it in 1871. (1871) 14. It was a great performance, distinguisned by utter simplicity and true artistic feeling. Given in the open air, only the stage covered, with the green background of the hills, there was a wonderful sense of spaciousness and freedom about it. The play, given weekly, continued the whole day through, with an interval at noon for rest and dinner. The talk was in the local dialect, which none but those of the country-side could follow. Scenes from the New Testament were enacted at full length, but before each a 'living picture, according to the design, it was said, of some noted artist in the olden time, was shown in ap- propriate anticipation of the scene from the life of Christ which was to follow, and were most impressive. In one were shown the Children of Israel gathered in the Desert, in which a large portion of the people in the village, hundreds of them, appeared upon the stage, making a composition of great beauty, rich in the varied color of their costumes. Another picture represented Abraham offering up Isaac, bound as a sacrifice upon the altar in obedience to the Divine command, and during this one heard, coming from behind the curtained background of the scene, a dull thumping sound repeated at short intervals, (1871) 15. which, following the action of the play, one knew to be the nailing of Christ and the two thieves upon their crosses. The scene from the New Testament which follow- ed was marvellously realistic, moving the whole audience profoundly. There was no inn or tavern in the village, but the peasants felt it an honor to entertain their visitors and quartered them, now here, now there, as room could be found, in their houses, furnished in true Tyrolean fashion. A young artist friend of ours and distant relative of my father's, Augustus Hoppin, of the old Hoppin family of Rhode Island, had come up from Innsbruck with us and drew some most amusing and delightful sketches of the village scenes and people. In one of these, which I recall par- ticularly, he showed himself lying in bed, his body cover- ed with a high, four-foot square feather comforter, his bare feet standing out below, toes turned up, while he looked down at them, his head raised, with a quizzical, amused expression. Returning from Oberammergau, we went on to the old city of Augsburg -- Augustusburg -- founded by the Emperor Augustus, grand-nephew and heir to Caesar, at the head- waters of the Danube, to control the pass between them and those of the Rhine. (1871) 16. From Augsburg, crossing the Lake of Constance, head- water of the Rhine, we made our way to Coire, the capital of the Swiss canton of the Grisons. Here, the Rhineland with its ancient legends and historic memories left behind, we entered Switzerland with its high mountain passes, its snow-capped peaks, its fresh, tumbling waters and magnifi- cent encirclement of glacier-created lakes, where we spent the next four weeks in great enjoyment. From Coire we crossed by coach the Splügen Pass, boundary between Switzerland and Italy, and went on to Chiavenna, whose name -- Italianized from the Latin Clavenna, The Key -- carries one back at a single stroke to Roman times, when traders from Italy, with such goods as they could carry in packs or on mule-back across the great barrier of the Alps, came and went through a series of passes to which Chiavenna served as key. Below lies the Lake of Como, most beautiful of the Italian Lakes. The low-lying, fertile plain of Lombardy below was once, in recent geologic times, an arm of the Adriatic, extend- ing along the foothills of the Alps, and filled to its present level by the vast erosion of the glacial period, adding to Italy its most fertile soil and beautiful scenery. From Como we explored the rest of the Italian Lakes and the passes leading to them, till the whole country grew clear to us, leaving a memory which has never faded. My brother and I made no attempt at mountain climbing, the mountain passes, with their old Roman milestones, stirring our imaginations with the story they told of ancient travel over them, and, with the valleys, giving us all we could absorb in a period so brief and a land so interesting. They have always held great fascination for me, these high, wind-swept mountain passes with their bare summits and the constant sound of falling waters from the melting snow upon the mountain tops above, which accompany the traveller at every step, ascending or descending. We rode over them, sometimes in four-horse, hooded coaches, or, sending our luggage around some easier but longer route, on muleback or horseback as in ancient days, the most delightful mode of travelling where there is interest and picturesque detail upon the way. Our enjoyment was greatly added to during our stay in Switzerland by joining at Cadenabbia, on Lake Como, whither we drove from Chiavenna and spent some days, (1871) 18. friends my father and mother had made upon their way out in April, Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Davids of Philadelphia and their two attractive daughters, the one of my brother's age; the other of my own. The elder, a girl of unusual beauty and high spirits, and my brother became great friends upon the trip, though, as it chanced, they never were to meet again. Mr. Davids was one of the most in- teresting men whom I have ever known, an artist who made the most delightful sketches, a musician and composer who improvised upon the organ, an excellent linguist, widely read in European literature. As I look back upon that trip, one scene stands out in my memory beyond all others for its extraordinary beauty. We had come by coach to Chamonix, arriving in the evening when all was dark. At dawn the following morning my father, rising early, called us all to see the snow-clad summit of Mont Blanc, directly opposite us, gloriously lighted by the first rays of the morning sun, against the blue, cloudless sky of early dawn, while the valley we were in and the lower, wooded moun- tain slopes lay in deep shadow still. No wind was stir- ring; there was neither mist nor haze. It was a scene of such transcendent beauty that it scarce seemed earthly. (1871) 19. Another outstanding impression that I brought away with me from Switzerland was that of standing on the bridge at Geneva and watching the clear, transparent waters of the lake flow out beneath me in a strong current to form, as a single source, the River Rhone, while the lake itself spread out before me, blue and beautiful, with its splendid background of encircling mountains. One other scene that memory brings strongly back to me is that of the Lake of Lucerne, picturesque beyond all others, famous for its association with the half-mythical William Tell, the subject of one of Schiller's most strik- ing dramas. Our last stopping place in Switzerland was at Basle, whose origin again goes back to Roman times when it was built as an outpost against the barbarian tribes beyond the Rhine. Thence we took our way direct to Paris, arriving after dark. Our train halted at the 'Barrier,' the line of earth- works thrown up for the defense of the city in the recent war; and there, in flickering torchlight, we saw, looking out of the car window, an unforgettable sight, the helmets of Prussian soldiers -- soldiers who had been left stationed (1871) 20. at strategic points around the city, there to remain un- til a certain major portion of the indemnity demanded by the German Government in compensation for the expenses of the war should be paid. This had now been done and the day of our arrival was that on which the withdrawal of these troops was directed to begin. This indemnity, regarded at the time as so colossal that it was doubted if ever payment of it could be made, being put in the form of bonds issued by the French Government, was, as soon as placed upon the market, taken up by its people, the frugal, hard-working peasantry in greater part, to the surprise not only of the world at large but of the German Government who had calculated on crippling by means of it for a long time to come the recovery of France. Arriving in Paris, we went to the Hotel Meurice on the Rue de Rivoli opposite the Tuilleries Gardens, one of the pleasantest hotels in Paris, from whose windows in the morning we could see the ruins of the Tuilleries Palace, which had been so recently the scene of splendid entertainments and a world-famous center of the gayest Court life in Europe. The long siege had come to an end six months before, the uprising of the Commune which fol- lowed it was over, and Paris, shorn of its splendor, was now functioning as usual, its hotels and restaurants in full swing, its sidewalks thronged with people. (1871) 21. But all over the city one saw evidence of the fanati- cal and destructive work of the Commune. The Column Ven- dome, which records in bronze scenes from the victories of the First Napoleon, lay prostrate and broken in the Place Vendome. The Tuilleries Palace was in ruins at the head of the famous garden, between the Seine and the Rue de Rivoli, upon which it had looked down; and it has never been rebuilt. Everywhere throughout the city the chief public buildings had been set fire to and destroyed so far as possible by the fury of the Communistic uprising which France's own soldiers, under General MacMahon, had been called to suppress, while the victorious German troops lay outside the city, indifferent to what befell within. At night the city, whose brilliant illumination under the Third Empire had given it the name of 'La Ville Lumiere', lay in darkness and gloom and men's minds were full of the humiliation which had befallen their country; but, none- the-less, France, the Republic, was carrying on. That the great Cathedral of Notre Dame, so beautiful in itself and so rich in history, should have escaped destruction is a marvel; so, too, it Was with the great collection of masterpieces in the Louvre, which has few equals in the world. (1871) 22. It is indeed a wonder that the destruction wrought by the Commune was no greater. The barricades of paving stones behind which they fought still blocked some of the principal streets when we were there, and the picture I got of the fury with which they resisted the advancing troops is one that has never left me. After an all too short stay in Paris, with the sights it had to show and the lessons to teach, my father and mother and I returned to London, sailing for home in time for the opening of the college year; my brother, with- drawing from Harvard, remained abroad to spend the fall and early winter at Mentone, on the Riviera, for the milder climate, with our aunt and cousin on our mother's side. 872 V i X Rewritten-firsing of 1943- c 1872-74 Trip To add, in proper place, the following: C. H. Dorr's account of climbing Mt Snowdon C. H. Dorr's account of Haddon Hall Account of Elizabeth Hind, Mr. Dorr's Welsh nurse. (Miss Oakes has notes on Mrs. Hind, made earlier by GBD) retermined Phyllin July 23'43 S belie p 9 18pp.essay 1872-74. In the spring of 1872, my brother, who had stayed on abroad with my aunt and cousin, spending the winter at Mentone on the Riviera, for the milder climate, re- turned to America and we all spent the summer together at Bar Harbor, where my father, deeply impressed by the beauty of the region during our first visit there in 1868, had now acquired, through successive purchases, the whole of the original Oldfarm tract for the development of a future summer home. This is how it came about that the Government now possesses Acadia National Park, the one and only park upon the Atlantic seacoast. In the autumn my father and brother returned to Europe, where my brother, interested in what he had seen abroad, planned to study architecture at the famous Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. He had great faculty with his hands, drawing excellently, and keen interest in design. My father thought well of this but felt uncertain of the effect of the work and climate upon my brother's health. So he decided to go with him abroad, spend the winter in Paris and watch how it all turned out. (1872-74) H 1872 My father and brother sailed from New York in September, 1872, on the White Star Liner Baltic, then the newest and speediest of ocean-going craft, travel- ling directly to London from Liverpool on their arrival and thence to Paris, where they took a suite of rooms on the Rue de Rivoli, overlooking pleasantly the Garden 1873 of the Tuilleries, which my father and I were to occupy TRIP again for a time the following year. C 6 BD. Continuing my course at Harvard, the one outstand- ing recollection of that fall which I myself have is of the great Boston Fire. I had come in from Cambridge on a Saturday evening, when those of us whose homes were in Boston customarily spent the night there and the follow- ing day, and went with two of my classmates to the theate During the first entriacte word began to circulate through the theater that there was a big fire outside. The play went on, but when the second entr'acte came the rumor had gathered such proportions that, leaving the theater, my friends and I went out to see what it was all about. It was the great Boston Fire of Novem- ber, 1872, which was, next to that in Chicago the year before when a COW kicked over 10 lantern and act the 3. whole city on fire, we worst Utet America bed ever Honored till then or has known since. A wenterful and fearful signt it was. The fire began in the dountown shopping district, and, driven by a strong northwest with swept on to the Harbor with terrific speed, tailding everything in its course, stores, office buildings and whole blocks of business buillettage w time test im the city. Minute there was time to resoue people miss waite read tweltr offices smill stores trought out to title Communi and pilled there where, the I morning - Summay w one sew it keeped in great stacks. But without it @@@ possible to save wee little compared with What was lost. Streets smill old family records, documents of every kims within people Hund thought to the safely stored. - well - wort up Me flames. Trinity Church, then on Summer Street, which we at- tended, changing to it from Emanuel because Phillips Brooks, the most wonderful and inspiring preacher I have ever heard, had recently come to it from Philadelphia, lay directly in the path of the fire; and in the morning scarce one stone remained above another. 4. It so happened that when the fire broke out all the horses in Boston were down with a distemper and the fire engines then were drawn by horses and could not readily be gotten out by hand. But so fierce was the fire once it gained headway that nothing could have stopped it till it reached the harbor, except what was resorted to to prevent its forward sweep: blowing up by gunpowder the houses in its further path. I was out the whole night watching it, for a shift in the wind might at any time have carried it into our own and other residential sections. To illustrate the intense heat which the fire created, I remember seeing it sweep down before the wind a block of buildings on one side of a street, while the block on the opposite side remained untouched, a continuous stone block. But presently lambent flames began to flicker around the windows, the frames being ignited by the intense heat from the burning structures across the street and not by any contact with the flames. Then flames began to spread within and, in eleven minutes as I timed it, cracks ran like jagged lightning in a thunder storm, following a zigzag course down the whole length of the block, and the walls crashed into the street. 5 i Older friends of mine and of my brother, recent grad- uates of Harvard who had joined the Boston cadets, were called out and remained, with changing shifts, on duty for several successive days and nights, guarding the ruins from looting and the goods upon the Common. Power I have never seen a sight which gave me such a sense of power as did that fire when at its height. It was a terrific spectacle and had the wind shifted the whole city would have been doomed. That fall, at Paris, my father found congenial compan- ionship in a group of friends of his own time, among whom were James Russell Lowell and John Holmes, younger brother of Doctor Holmes -- whom my father thought yet wittier and you'll more humorous than he -- who with = few more made up a delightful group to which my father's thoughts went back often in later years. My brother made his due entrance into the Ecole des Beaux Arts but the lines followed were conventional, the projects given the students involved long hours of absolute seclusion and the whole spirit of it all was not in keeping with our American way of thought. So, before the winter 6. ended, my father thought it best for my brother to give it up and took him off to the south where they drove together over the famous Corniche Road, with its broad views out over the Mediterranean beyond an ever-changing foreground of pale green olive orchards and terraced gar- dens, to Genoa and Spezia and thence on to Rome, whence, my brother's outlook widened by the studies he had made 1873 and the winter's travel, he and my father returned to Darri America in the spring of 1373 where the care of my Myster Grandmother Ward had become a serious tax upon my mother. It was a time, also, when they wisely thought my brother Junner Travel 73 and myself were best away. Accordingly, when the spring term at Harvard had ended, my brother and I sailed for Liverpool and spent the summer together travelling in England. We went to New York to take the steamer, spending one night at the Brevoort House and attending an amusing play that evening, I remember, called "Larks on the Hudson." Arriving at Liverpool, we went directly to London, where we made our headquarters for the summer at an old English Inn, the Queen's Hotel, on a side street off Piccadilly. Staying there also was a friend my brother (1872-74) had made that spring, one of the old Dana family of America, who was then living abroad and who joined us for a time in our summer travels. After taking in once more the London 'snow, 1 we left to explore the country, with no fixed plan ahead but to follow where interest might load. One of the first things we did and one to which I have always looked back with peculiar pleasure was going down to Oxford, where, after a brief stay to see its old buildings and take in some- thing of their history, we rented a boat my brother, Mr. Dana and I -- and rowed leisurely down the Thames, stopping over at the historic old Red Lion Inn at Henley where the famous regattas are held, to one of which, in 1869, Harvard had sent over for the first time a competing crew, which, though it failed to win, had aroused great interest. Our trip down the river was a delightful experience. There were no power boats in those days to disturb the quiet waters, nor multitude of gay pleasure craft, out of key with the tranquil surroundings and atmosphere. The system of locks kept the water to the level of the lush green meadows upon either side, over which we could look out broadly to the old country seats and wooded hills (1872-74) 8. that bordered the river valley. Waiting in the locks, while the water was lowered to pass us through, made a welcome break to rowing, while the river takes its course through such historic ground that the ever-changing scene was full of interest and the inns where we stopped at mid-day or overnight were quaint and delightful. Another thing we did that summer I have looked back to always with pleasant memory. Travelling along the western coast and finding ourselves near Barrow on More- cambe Bay, we boarded a steamer to the Isle of Man, to Douglas, its chief town, then little visited except by holiday-makers who came over on Saturday afternoons from Barrow and Liverpool and did not wander far. The rest of the week we had the island practically to ourselves, stay- ing comfortably at its one hotel, a former mansion house with old gardens and woods about it. The language was Manx, a Celtic dialect, English being but a foreign tongue to the Islanders. I recall attending church at Douglas and hearing the service con- ducted and a sermon preached in Manx, which differs little, they say, from Irish or the language spoken in Brittany, the people of all three being able to make-shift to under- stand each other on occasion. (1872-74) 9. One of the main things that drew us there was the picturesque account given by Sir Walter Scott in his 'Peveril of the Peak,' whose scene in good part is laid at Castle Derby, a ruin now, with a little town and fish- ing village beside it, on the opposite side of the island from Douglas, looking out upon the Irish Sea. There we found Scott's story looked upon as genuine history, events, characters and all, and any question of its being such would have been resented by the people. At the time in which Sir Walter Scott sets his story, the reign of Charles the Second, the Isle of Man was still an independent principality and the proud Countess of Derby, of whom he tells, was a sovereign in her own right upon the Island, though but a peeress of the realm in England. This Sir Walter brings out strikingly in his account of her and her haughty bearing at the gay court of Charles. We supped that evening at a little inn, built beside the Castle, where they served us herring just brought in by fishing boats from the Irish Sea and which, split and broiled, we all thought the best fish, so caught and cooked, that we had ever eaten. (1872-74) 10. Another incident I remember from our stay at Douglas was going out with my brother and Mr. Dana one Saturday for a walk along the coast, and, finding a little bay en- closed between two rocky points, I undressed and went in swimming, seeing no need for bathing clothes. Waves were breaking on the rocks on either side with considerable force, dashing up in spray, but the beach at its back was pebbly and the way out between the points seemed quiet and safe. My brother and Mr. Dana did not venture in, but waited for me at the back of the little cove. I swam out easily into the open sea and thoroughly enjoyed it, but when I sought to return and approached the entrance to the cove, I found it quite another matter, for the current bore me strongly toward the projecting rocks against which the waves broke heavily. Twice I sought to enter and turned back for a fresh start. The third time I made my entrance to the bay successfully, though not without some anxious moments. But then, with the beach before me, another diffi- culty presented itself. For though no one had been in sight when I went in, I found that, being Saturday and the boat having brought the usual half-holiday crowd from Barrow, (1872-74) 11. a considerable group of people had gathered on the shore, thinking me in danger, and were waiting to see what might befall. Mr. Dana assured them, he told me afterward, that I was a good swimmer and all right. But there they lingered on, men and women alike; and I had gone in without a rag to cover me. However, I faced the situation as best I might and presently they turned away. An amusing incident tnat I remember in connection with our stay at the hotel was when we and our friend, Mr. Dana, returning from some excursion, dined late together and went late to bed. Mr. Dana, who liked upon occasion a good bottle of wine and had found at the hotel a store of excel- lent sparkling Moselle, was in a somewhat mellow mood when he went up with us to go to bed. Being in a frame of mind to take small matters seriously and unable to find his slippers, he became properly indignant and rang for the 'Boots,' demanding them. The man could not find the slippers either and Mr. Dana sent him off to fetch the head chambermaid, but he returned instead with word from her that she had gone to bed and would not get up, 'not for the Lord Mayor of London. I 12. The staircase and corridor ran round a central nall and Mr. Dana's expostulations had made a considerable noise. A guest occupying a neighboring room opened his door and came out, garbed in the long white nightgown of the period, and demanded indignantly what all that noise was about. Our friend, short, dark and swarthy, but most courteous always, said that he did not wish to disturb the other guests but if the gentleman would step inside his room he would explain. But the gentleman, taking one look at Mr. Dana, retired, with no further word, into his room and bolted the door, the matter ending there, much to my brother's and my amusement. Returning to Barrow and proceeding down the coast, we residian made our next stay at Bangor, at the entrance to the Menai Ward Strait where my mother's grandfather, William Ward of Salem, for whom my brother was named, captured at sea during the Revolutionary War, had been held prisoner for nine months. Of the experience he wrote, during his last years, an exceedingly interesting account for his grandchildren, my mother and her brothers, which we had often read and whose scene we wished to see. (1012-12) time 13. From Bangor we went on to Holyhead on the Island of Anglesey, famous as the port of departure for the swift Irish Mail, and thence to Carnarvon to visit the ruins -- said to be the most magnificent in the kingdom -- of the Castle built there by Edward I in the Thirteenth Century, which presently became the birthplace of his son, Edward II, the first Prince of Wales, whence the title given ever since to the King's eldest son and heir. There, too, at Carnarvon we saw the remains of an old Roman fort or strong- hold, built to command the straits. Waler Our next objective, leaving Carnarvon, was the climb- ing of Mt. Snowdon, the highest peak in the kingdom south of Scotland, following our father's footsteps, who, making his first trip abroad, had come out on one of the early Cunard liners twenty-five years before on a business voyage but took the opportunity to see what lay within his reach without wandering too far afield. He had told us of the glorious view he had got on climbing Mount Snowdon, made all the more striking by the long days he had just spent at sea. But so long as we waited there the mountain summit was continually shrouded in mist and clouds, and we finally gave up the attempt. (1872-74) 14. Leaving Wales, we made our way up the western coast, past Morecambe Bay, to Keswick and did what had been for years a dream or mine to do, took a walking trip through the Cumberland Lake District, the home of a group of poets Dorr and writers with whom my mother had made me familiar from mus childhood on, reading to me as I grew up what she had best loved herself in their writing. And so it was that Words- poets worth, Coleridge and Southey, Carlisle and Ruskin came to be part of me, grew into my being, represented by what was best in them. But, these writers apart, the region, compact enough to be easily traversed on foot, is one of the loveliest in the world, with mountains not difficult to climb if one takes one's time, and beautiful of form, with lakes of corresponding size and loveliness, the whole disposed in a region enriched by centuries of peaceful human occupation. I was an excellent walker in those days, active and strong, and a good climber, unwearied in long ascents. So, too, were my companions and together we climbed in leisurely fashion the region's famous peaks, rowed and sailed on the lakes, and made the whole region our own by exploring it and searching out the homes of those who had lived there and whose presence had brought it fame. The weather was (1872-74) 15: ideal, sunshine and drifting clouds and the atmosphere, heavy with moisture, making it such as poets and artists dream of, an atmosphere in which the real is not too real, the facts not hard, and I carried off with me a picture of it which time has never dulled or comparison with other regions made less beautiful. Tourist invasion of the region on the larger scale had not yet commenced; the inns were quaint and old- fashioned, the cottages of the people simple, and all fitted in well together in harmony with the lakes and mountains, the sheep-herding and old-time occupations of the people. It was a happy time to take the trip and we thoroughly enjoyed it. Leaving the Lake District with the memory of a rich experience and background for future reading, we went on to York to see the great cathedral, one of the noblest ford structures in the world, whose photograph I have kept by me in my chamber ever since, where I daily see it. The old city with its walls still standing in reminder of the past and the battling it had witnessed and its ancient buildings made an interesting setting for the cathedral as it stands out dominating all and proclaiming the supremacy of the spiritual. Here we lingered long enough (1872-74) 16. to take in its beauty and the historic scone, the latter going back to Roman times when York was a seat of empire in the North, an abode of experors. From York, our summer over, my brother and I made our way back to London and thence on to Paris to await the coming of our father, soon to be, if not already, on his way out to most us. At Paris we went to the Hotel du Louvro, opposite the old chateau converted by the first Napoleon into one of the great picture galleries of the world. There we stayed most pleasantly until the arrival of my father at October the beginning of October, when my brother left for home n3 to spena the winter with my mother in Boston that sne might not be left alone in her care of my grandmother, the last of her generation and now clearly near her end. My father and I then moved into the apartment on the Rue de Rivoli which he and my brother had occupied the year before. Well in every other way and strong and active, I had beet had trouble with my eyes during my previous year at Har- Anuscular the vard, owing to a hitherto unsuspected lack of convergence of the two eyes, which made long-continued reading aifficult. frhis (1872-74) 17. final at Our plan, which the Dean of the college had approved be- year fore I left ror abroad that summer, attendance at lectures Harvord not required, was that I might stay abroad reading with my 73-74 father and take my final examinations on my return the following spring. As my main theme for my last year at Harvard, I had chosen history, in reading which I know my father would be to the full as much interested as I. And the memory or the reading we did together and the talks it led to has never left me. One of the books we read to- gether that winter was Macaulay's great work on the History of England from the Accession or James the Second, which made splendid reading and with whose attitude and principle my rather and I were in absolute accord; whether or not his facts were biased has always seemed to me a matter of indifference. The picture he sets before one stays, a wonderful comment upon human character and the effects of power. 1874 We broke the long winter in Paris toward the end by a visit of some weeks at Nice, upon the Riviera, contin- uing our reading still but taking long walks together into the high, mountainous interior with its donkey-ways and 18. A footpaths, its broad views across the sea, and whose (Provencal) vegetation filled the sun-heated air with a pungent fragrance. When we returned to Boston in the spring, I found myself well advanced in myselected studies and experienced no difficulty in resuming my class work and taking my degree. Haddon Hall, a mediaeval manor house in the Peak District near Bakewell, Derbyshire, E Page 1 of 1 Haddon Hall Haddon Hall is the finest example of a mediaeval manor house currently in existence in England. The hall is one of the seats of the Dukes of Rutland and lies alongside the River Wye, just south of Bakewell. The Rutlands used the hall very little in the 18th and 19th centuries, so it was almost unaltered since the end of the 16th century when the 9th Duke realised its importance and began restoration in the 1920s. The house is in a beautiful situation and is very well preserved - even down to kitchens straight from the 17th century - so it looks magnificent. The highlight is a glorious 14th Century Banqueting Hall complete with minstrels' gallery but there is also a fine oak panelled room with minature portraits of Henry VII and his Queen, a Tudor period Long Gallery (from which Dorothy Vernon is said to have eloped with her lover, Lord Edward Manners), and some fine gardens. The entrance courtyard still looks perfectly medieval and opening off it is the chapel, with a beautiful carved alabaster retablo and pre-Reformation frescos which have been revealed from beneath the whitewash which hid them for centuries. Haddon Hall is open every day from 1st April to the end of September, from approximately 11.00 am to 5.00 pm, and Monday to Thursday in October, 11.00am to 5.00pm. Haddon Hall Haddon Hall Slideshow Links For current Entry Charges and Opening Times see the Haddon Hall website. Telephone: 01629 - 812855 and fax: 01629 - 814379. http://www.cressbrook.co.uk/bakewell/haddtxt.htm 12/9/2005 (December 26) 2. And, as for my parents it was a fulfilment of interests and desires whose origin went back to childhood, sowith me, then just grown to manhood, it was the beginning of interests and studies that were never thenceforth to cease or lose their hold upon me. I became deeply in- terested in the period of the Reformation and the people who took part in it, in the things they believed and the evils they sought to correct, an interest which led me on the one hand into the realms of philosophy and on the other into those of religion and the foundation that it rested on. I became interested in nature, too, the development of life and the development of landscape. In this my interest was first aroused to conscious life brother when my mother dother and I made our first triptogether four years before, in 1871, to join our parents on the Rhine and travel at leisure through Switzerland, its high mountain passes and its lakes. In this Mr. Hugh Davids, my father's and mother's friend with whom and whose family we travelled, was a great help, for he was a real artist whose sketches were an inspiration. He left me with the desire which stayed with me for years, to become myself a landscape painter. Such a desire was in my mother's family, coming from what far-off ancestor I do not know but clearly marked and strong in two of my mother's brothers and equally in her. It is the one thing in life that takes one into pleasant places and makes one alive to BG3730 - GREAT BOSTON FIRE OF 1872 Page 1 of 1 (The) GREAT BOSTON FIRE OF 1872, Anthony Mitchell Sammarco, 1997 Few events can be said to have changed the face of Boston forever. Eventually destroying 775 buildings and causing millions of dollars in damage to the commercial section that we now know as Boston's business district, the Great Boston Fire of 1872 was a spectacular conflagration that destroyed "old Boston" and allowed a phoenix to arise from the ashes. This exciting new pictorial history brings to life the drama that began one Saturday evening in 1872 when a fire started in an empty hoop-skirt factory on the corner of Summer and Kingston Streets. At the time, Boston was in the throes of a epizootic disease that caused all horses in the area to be ill. This caused a virtual shutdown of transportation and city services and delayed the fire department's response to calls for help. By the time the breathless firemen arrived, the fire had already consumed the granite five-story factory and burst through the mansard roof, which acted like a flue and spread the fire. Within an hour, much of Summer Street was engulfed in flames and firemen from near and far were being summoned to combat the spread of the deadly blaze. By midnight, the fire had spread through Summer Street to Arch Street and was attacking Winthrop Square. Old Trinity Church, at the corner of Summer and Hawley Streets, had given itself up to the flames. With this moving new work, author Anthony Mitchell Sammarco has artfully combined images and text to commemorate the 125th anniversary of the awesome fire. A well-known lecturer and local historian, Mr. Sammarco has crated an entertaining and educational look at a critical and unsteady moment in Boston's past. 6 1/2" X 9 1/4", 128 pages, 192 B&W photos, softcover, ISBN: 0-7524-0559-4, BG3730 / $16.99 COVER PHO tee [Order] [ 1 Oliver Wentell Holves RETURN TO FSP HOME PAGE Life Letters Ed. John T. Morse, or VAL 2 Letter to J. L ristley, 11/26/72, Louisi Hall Thalp. http://www.fire-police-ems.com/books/bg3730.htr Mrs. Jack 1965 Pg. 44.45 R Aire/. Delons ROMANTIC DAYS IN OLD BOSTON THE STORY OF THE CITY AND OF ITS PEOPLE DURING THE 917.446 NINETEENTH CENTURY (81) BY MARY CAROLINE CRAWFORD AUTHOR OF "OLD BOSTON DAYS AND WAYS," "ST. BOTOLPH'S TOWN," "AMONG OLD NEW ENGLAND INNS," ETC. With Numerous Illustrations N.K.STATE FRANCES ANNE KEMBLE BOSTON Error the painting her Thomas Sully, mode in ISMS the Buston Muscum of / inc Arts. LITTLE, BROWN, AND COMPANY 1910 294 ROMANTIC DAYS IN OLD BOSTON 295 Brothers, the London bankers of that era, and conclusion for years. The next song of the the house with which the "Swedish Nightin- nightingale will, of course, be Home, Sweet gale " did her business. In the Boston Courier Home.' May she live a thousand years and of February 6, 1853, appears this brief notice of sing it every day." the wedding: For one of her tours Jenny Lind engaged 'Although St. Valentine's Day has not quite the orchestral services of the Germania Society, reached us, yet the 'first bird of the season , an organization which first came to this country has already chosen her mate. The queen of in April, 1848, and in which William Schultze song has committed matrimony. Jenny Lind was long first violin and Carl Zerrahn first is Jenny Lind no longer, but Mrs. Goldschmidt. flute. This organization soon put in a whole In plain English, the following record was made season in Boston, giving twenty-four Saturday yesterday on the books of the Boston city evening concerts and the same number of registrar: public rehearsals on Wednesday afternoons. ' Married in this city, at the residence of It appears to have been the precursor of the Ward Mr. S. G. Ward, by Rev. Charles Mason, as- Boston Symphony orchestra which, since 1880, sisted by Rev. Dr. Wainwright of New York, has been generously maintained by Mr. Henry the Swedish consul, Hon. Edward Everett, L. Higginson. It was with the Germania that Mr. and Mrs. T. W. Ward, Mr. N. I. Bowditch, the famous girl violinist, Camilla Urso, of her legal adviser, and other friends, Otto whom a competent critic has said that she was Goldschmidt of Hamburg to Mlle. Jenny Lind one of the few young wonders who developed of Stockholm, Sweden.' into great artists at maturity, travelled as a Mr. Goldschmidt has attended Jenny as her star. pianist for many months past. The match has The red-letter musical event in the Boston taken everybody by surprise, though we must of this period was the Peace Jubilee of 1869, say that we were struck with something con- organized and conducted by Patrick Sarsfield foundedly arch and roguish in the twinkle of Gilmore, Carl Zerrahn acting as general musical her eye when she sang John Anderson, My director, Ole Bull and Carl Rosa playing first Jo,' the last time she appeared in public in violin in an orchestra numbering one thousand this city. Such, however, has been the discretion pieces(! the great singer, Parepa-Rosa, doing of the parties that it may have been a foregone the soprano solo parts and Adelaide Phillips 318 ROMANTIC DAYS IN OLD BOSTON 319 manners. As years passed on the daughter, she was in Washington and not Boston at Anna, founded (in 1873) the Society To En- the time - that Mrs. Howe wrote her " Battle courage Study at Home,' which was all done by Hymn." correspondence. It was study at home for This house must always be chiefly associated, home. No one ever posed or worked for a however, with Mrs. John T. Sargent and her career. Mrs. Ticknor was actively interested assembly of Transcendentalists. Charles in the health of the students and it was Lamb's remark about the fat woman seated in all wonderful and graceful. But the annual the doorway that it was a shrewd zephyr meetings at her house were never held in that could escape her" had its application to the library. That was for the intimate circle the person of distinction who could get in - of the elect." and out - of Boston without going to the As soon as Mrs. Howe who in 1844 had Radical Club. Not that Mrs. Sargent per- gone with her husband, Dr. Samuel Gridley secuted her lions or tracked them worryingly to Howe, to live in the vicinity of the institution their lairs. Instead she made her house on the the noble doctor was carrying on in South Monday when the Radical Club was meeting Boston for the education of the blind - took there a resort SO intellectually stimulating that up a Boston residence she, too, by virtue of no one wished to escape. The Radical Club her wit and charm became a "social queen," had its origin in the spring of the year '67 in a distinction which she enjoys even today at the growing desire of certain ministers and lay- the advanced age of ninety-one! The few who men for larger liberty of faith, fellowship and were really her intellectual kindred had, of communion. It had no formal organization course, journeyed faithfully to South Boston and its members represented all religious de- to see her. None the less, she discovered nominations. The Club's first meeting was held and wittily remarked that " in Boston Love at 17 Chestnut Street, the residence of Rev. crosses a bridge but Friendship stops at the Cyrus Bartol, and for a time it oscillated between Common." When there was no longer a bridge that number and thirteen. But it never went to cross Mrs. Howe's drawing-room, at 13 outside of Chestnut Street and it soon came to Chestnut Street, became a favorite gather- regard the roomy parlor of Mrs. Sargent's ing-place for choice varieties of the genus home as its permanent headquarters. Then Bostonian. It was while living here - though it grew in fame and numbers until at its IN OLD BOSTON 355 sixty-five acres destroying property valued at seventy-five million dollars! This fire is of interest to us not simply because it was a spectacular and impressive conflagra- CHAPTER XII tion, but also because it utterly changed the aspect of Boston in that district over which it THE GREAT BOSTON FIRE burned. Mr. Harold Murdock has very cleverly brought this fact out in the introduction to OSTON had had several destructive fires B his little book, made up of what purport to during the period covered by this book. be "Letters Written by a Gentleman in In 1824 a fire originated near the corner Boston to His Friend in Paris Describing the of Charles and Chestnut Streets, spread to Great Fire." He here points out that a member Beacon Street and destroyed sixteen buildings, of the Harvard Class of 1872 who might have thus inflicting on the city the great loss (for left Boston immediately after his graduation that time) of $150,000. On Fast Day, in 1825, to return to-day for the first time "would look fifty stores valued at a million dollars were in vain for the old landmarks and accustomed burned in Central and Kilby Streets, and in sights of his boyhood days." Christ Church, November of the same year ten buildings on Faneuil Hall, the Old State House, The Old Court Street containing many lawyers' offices South Church, King's Chapel and the Park were destroyed. In May, 1835, there came still Street spire he would still find, to be sure. another fire which rendered more than one But the Common would have lost its gates and hundred families homeless by the destruction its Old Elm, 1 Tremont Street its far-famed of buildings in Blackstone, Pond and Salem trees planted by coachmaker Paddock, and Streets. Summer Street all of that old-time beauty and The great Boston Fire, however, did not come charm which made it, even in the early seventies, until 1872. It broke out shortly after seven a region to be reverenced. o'clock on Saturday evening, November 9, in the four story granite block at the corner of For Boston in 1872 was still a small city, comparatively, and a quaintly attractive one; Summer and Kingston Streets. Ere it was extinguished, it had burned over a space of 1 The old elm on Boston Common was the first thing Dean Stanley asked Edward Everett Hale to show him when he visited Boston. IN OLD BOSTON 357 356 ROMANTIC DAYS it covered a territory of less than thirty square Oliver Street and Liberty Square on the east, and State Street on the north was taken in. miles and embraced a population of 250,000. Roxbury had been annexed in 1868, and Dor- Happily, Fort Hill which, at this time, had chester in 1870, but Brighton and West Rox- been cut away but not built upon, gave the bury were still separate towns. That the city firemen a vantage point of which they made excellent use and from this stand on the one had not yet learned how to deal adequately hand and from the Old South Church and the with a great crisis is, however, shown by what then new Post Office, on the other, an attack happened when this fire broke out. To be sure, conditions were untoward. It had was made with such steadiness and pluck that, been a very rainy day and almost every horse on Sunday afternoon, the flames were effectively in the city was ill with the strange disease which, quenched. Naturally, however, the city was in for want of a better name, was called "the a deplorable condition. Thousands upon thou- epizootic." Yet there were four hundred and sands had seen their property consumed or seventy-five paid men in the Boston fire depart- had been thrown out of employment for they ment - and the scene of the disaster was a knew not how long, and the terrible excitement centrally located one. The real trouble appears of the anxious night and day during which the to have been that everybody thought some one fire raged had unstrung the nerves of the else must have given the alarm, with the result strongest. The whole community was on the that it was not given at all for some time. verge of panic, for every vacant space was When the engines arrived upon the scene the filled with hastily moved furniture or mer- fire had already made great headway. And chandise and pickpockets and petty thieves although no wind was stirring it spread rapidly, wandered to and fro at will. Finding that the crossing Summer Street and entering both police were quite inadequate to cope with the Devonshire and Otis Streets. It also burned situation, a whole brigade of militia was called eastward down Summer Street to Church Green out to do active duty (with the Old South and from there went on rapidly to Broad Street for their barracks) and guards were set to and along High and Purchase Streets towards patrol the streets at night. Fortunately, these Fort Hill. Thus nearly everything in the terri- precautions served to prevent any very shocking tory bounded by Washington Street on the breach of the peace. west, Summer Street on the south, the water, Though the number of dwelling houses which 358 ROMANTIC DAYS had been destroyed was comparatively small the loss of income by the stopping of employment was so large that measures of relief had to be organized at once. But the assistance freely and generously offered by the people of other IS cities was not needed. There was, indeed, a t, surplus of twenty thousand dollars - of the Z, $341,913.68 collected in Boston itself - to re- VS turn when the relief committee was dismissed. o Fourteen lives were lost in the fire, seven being S firemen. For the families of these the relief in committee - of which Otis Norcross was treas- urer - made permanent provision by placing TI in the hands of Martin Brimmer, Samuel D. Warren, Avery Plumer, William Endicott, Jr., and George Higginson $81,870.90 in trust. To aid working women and girls nearly seventy thousand dollars was expended in clothing, food, rent, sewing machines and transportation; to families burned out and to other sufferers coal, wood, stoves, furniture, clothing and other necessaries to the amount of nearly seventy- five thousand dollars was expended, while almost twenty thousand dollars was invested in the work of relieving the men who had lost their employment by the fire. The committee seems to have acted with great discretion in all this administering of relief. Of all the buildings swept away by the fire Trinity Church was perhaps the most pic- IN OLD BOSTON 359 turesque. Built (in 1829) of stately granite, with a tower of impressive architecture, it was at this time the weekly resort, because of the preaching of the young Phillips Brooks, of a large and varied company of people. Brooks had come here from Philadelphia in 1869, a handsome young bachelor of thirty-three, filled with immense devotion to his work and dis- tinguished by rare powers of eloquence. It was largely through the influence of the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, long one of the first citizens of Boston, that Brooks had been called THOMAS BAILEY ALDRICH'S HOME AT PONKAPOG. to the conservative old parish, but Winthrop's Page 385. enthusiasm over the young preacher was soon justified by the crowds he drew. From the very beginning of Brooks's incumbency Sexton Dillon had hard work seating the throngs who flocked to listen to him. Vainly did the worthy man strive to meet an emergency so wholly unlike anything he had hitherto known in his long administration. Then he tried to sort the people who presented themselves for admission! "Dillon once came to me in the vestry-room," " said Mr. Brooks in speaking of the matter to a friend, 'to tell me of a method he had devised to reduce the numbers who sought admittance to the church. When a young man and a young woman come together, I separate them,' he explained, and he expected THOMAS BAILEY ALDRICH'S STUDY, 59 MT. VERNON STREET. me to approve the fiendish plan." From a photograph by Louis A. Holman. Page 386. 360 ROMANTIC DAYS IN OLD BOSTON 361 The journalistic habit of giving space to Square were already underway, to be sure, but current church news seems to have dated from that he had a great fondness for old Trinity these golden days in old Trinity. I find the we see from his letters written at the time. following description of a Sunday morning " The desolation [of the fire] is bewildering. there: "The old building seems the fitting Old Trinity seemed safe all night, but toward place of worship for the solid men of Boston. morning the fire swept into her rear and there There is an air of ancient respectability about was no chance. She went at four in the morning. it. The deep roomy pews, thoughtfully I saw her well afire, inside and out, carried off padded, seem adjusted for sleeping, and though some books and robes and left her. She went seven can sit comfortably in them, if you majestically and her great tower stands now humbly ask for the fifth seat in some of them, as solid as ever, a most picturesque and stately beware of the lofty look and high-bred scorn ruin. She died in dignity. I did not know how which seems to say, ' Are not the galleries free much I liked the great gloomy old thing till to negro servants and strangers? I shall I saw her windows bursting and the flame have to let you in, I suppose. Take that running along the old high pews." prayer-book and keep quiet; service has begun. Yet Phillips Brooks's sermon in Huntington Don't you see Mr. Brooks? Hall, the following Sunday, was full of an " Yes, we do see the Rev. Phillips Brooks, onward and upward sweep, of insistence that a tall, stout, powerfully built man, with smooth, life comes through death - the lesson of the boyish face and very near-sighted eyes, which fire. nevertheless, by the help of glasses, seem to search you out in whatever dark corner you may be hidden. He is reading the service with a thin voice and rapid, breathless, almost stuttering delivery and yet with a certain impulsive and pleading earnestness that carries even Congregationalists onto their knees, and takes them to the throne of grace." Brooks felt very keenly the loss of the old church. Plans for the present edifice on Copley IN OLD BOSTON 363 'Boston chapter of his American Notes his impressions of the city and of its institutions during this visit of 1842. The most satisfying passage is that which describes his tour of the CHAPTER XIII Perkins Institution for the Blind in South Boston and his wonder at what had there been SOME FAMOUS VISITORS AND THE WAY WE ENTERTAINED THEM done for Laura Bridgman, Dr. Howe's famous pupil. M ANY of the famous people who came to During Dickens's visit in 1867 he was enter- Boston for a visit during the period tained by Mr. and Mrs. James T. Fields in covered by this book have been discussed the charming old house at 148 Charles Street in connection with the mission which brought in which Mrs. Fields still lives, surrounded them here; and others will, for lack of space, by souvenirs of her many grateful guests. In be passed over entirely or merely mentioned. that pleasant volume, Biographical Notes But the visits of Charles Dickens in 1842 and Personal Sketches, this lady, who was and in 1867 call for more detailed attention. Dickens's hostess on Christmas Eve and who His first coming was the sensation of the early afterwards, that same night, heard him read half of the nineteenth century. From the day. "the Carol," paints vividly the enthusiasm of his arrival in the city press and people vied with which the beloved writer was received with each other to do him honor and SO great by his audience. "The whole house rose and was his vogue that a wit declared him Fanny cheered! The people looked at him with Ellslerized," that piquant dancer having been gratitude as one who held a candle in a dark similarly lionized during her stay in Boston. way." Three days after his arrival in Boston Dickens It was during this visit that there occurred gave a sitting for the Francis Alexander portrait the famous Walking-Match, posters of which of himself now owned by Mrs. James T. Fields, are now dearly prized by American collectors and as great a throng attended him from the of Dickensiana. Dickens had said that his Tremont House - his headquarters - to the agent, George Dolby, could outwalk Osgood; artist's studio at 41 Tremont Row as if he had but James T. Fields was of the opinion that been Royalty. Dickens has recorded in the his partner, Osgood, was the better man. Ac- 364 ROMANTIC DAYS IN OLD BOSTON 365 cordingly, the match was arranged for two Osgood, of course, felt that she showed great hats a side and the glory of their respective favoritism in this respect: but she frankly countries' (Dolby was an Englishman, of admitted that she would have done the same course). by the Englishman had she met him coming in The time set for the contest was Feb. 29, first. 1868, and the course was to be over the To Dickens, as to many another distinguished Mill Dam road to Newton Centre, a route visitor from abroad, Boston gave a ball; tickets Dickens and Fields had already traversed in for the function that bears his name brought preparation for the "event." When the author forty dollars each! Usually, these great balls and publisher went over the ground they were given at the Boston Theatre, which was became very thirsty, only to find that the equipped with a floor made in sections and SO stores of the village supplied nothing except a arranged that it could be fitted on over the few oranges! They purchased these, however, parquet seats, thus giving extensive dancing and sat down on a doorstep to enjoy them. In space on a level with the stage. Here were the "sporting narrative" which Dickens had held a number of functions that figure in the to write concerning the match (won by Osgood) social history of the period. The Tigers' Ball, he indulges in a highly characteristic sentence February 28, 1859; the Mount Vernon Ball, about this incident: March 4, 1859; Firemen's Military and Civic "Six miles and a half, good measure, from Ball, March 18, 1859; Grand Juvenile Ball, the first tree in the Mill Dam road lies the little March 23, 1859; National Sailors' Fair, Novem- village (with no refreshments in it but five ber 7, 1864; and State Military Ball, March oranges and a bottle of blacking) of Newton 5, 1866. During the war a Fair in Aid of the Centre." Sanitary Commission also took place here and Mr. Dolby, in speaking of the "Great many a Bostonian, still living, recalls pleasantly Walking Match," was ever wont to affirm that the splendid entertainment and dance given in England must have won had not Mrs. Fields this place in honor of the Russian Grand Duke arrived on the scene in her carriage, and, turning Alexis, December 8, 1871. around, accompanied Osgood the rest of the All these balls, however, pale before the walk, plying him the whole time with bread memory of that given to the late Edward VII soaked in brandy. All, with the exception of of England during his visit to Boston in 1860. The Boston Globe Online: 125th Anniversary Page 1 of 3 The Boston Globe FEEDBACK SEARCH 125 th Anniversary 12 The Great Fire Moments of 1872 That Mattered (1872-1997) (Overview) Crowding, conflict and (By John Powers) conflagration 1872 By Peter S. Canellos The Great Fire of 1872 (Peter S. Canellos) t started 1895 I with a whisper, The building of the became a Boston Public Library hiss, and (Louise Kennedy) blew up into a 1900 roaring blaze The opening of that consumed Boston in ruins. What caused the fire is Symphony Hall 65 acres and unknown, but its advent had been (John Yemma) left behind, by predicted. the morning of 1910 November 12, 1872, a charred crater where much of The reelection of Boston's financial district had been. ``I saw the fire Mayor John F. Fitzgerald eating its way straight toward my deposits," Dr. (Martin F. Nolan) Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote mournfully. Starting on Summer Street, the fire ate almost all of Franklin 1920 Street, Congress Street, and Federal Street. It The trading of marched to the door of the Old South Meeting Babe Ruth House. Only the militia-like mobilization of citizens (David M. Shribman) spared such secular temples as the Old State House. 1922 "The [Old South Meeting The founding of Its cause is unknown, but House] and Faneuil Hall Raytheon Co. its advent had been are in Boston, but they are (Paul Hemp) predicted. JohnStanhope the treasures of the Damrell, the fire chief, country. The painful, almost gradual approach 1927 pleaded with the city of the flames to the old The execution of every year from 1866 to church as watched by the Sacco and Vanzetti '72 to install new spectators was shared by http://www.boston.com/globe/specialreports/1997/mar/125/1872.htm 4/15/2003 The Boston Globe Online: 125th Anniversary Page 2 of 3 hydrants with multiple those in distant parts of outlets, and for larger the country who could see 1954 only by the telegraph. -- The world's first pipes to relieve a drastic HARPER'S WEEKLY, successful kidney water shortage. When, in 1872 transplant 1871, Chicago burned, (Richard A. Knox) the Boston city fathers dispatched Damrell to Illinois; his report all but predicted the fire the 1960 The demolition of following year. the West End (Derrick Z. Jackson) Boston's charm was also its downfall. Much of the city was clustered in a downtown warren, where the 1963 onetime residences of Daniel Webster and Edward The creation of Everett rubbed shoulders with countinghouses, the Magellan Fund stables, and leather factories. In the gaslight era, (Joan Vennochi) great fires were predicted with almost ecclesiastical 1974 fervor, like the plagues of the Middle Ages. If The court-ordered Boston were to be SO visited, it would surely be desegration of here, on these knotted Colonial streets. Boston schools (Thomas F. Mulvoy Jr.) Yankee parsimoniousness undermined Yankee preparedness. The City Council rejected Damrell's 1976 The Tall Ships Parade plea for a steam engine in the vulnerable district, (Jack Thomas) saying it was too expensive. The water board dismissed the need for new pipes. Disaster breeds renewal. Beaux Arts office fronts A City sprouted from the detritus of the financial district. and Meanwhile, civic eyes turned to the Back Bay to Its Newspaper build replacements for lost churches and public buildings. They looked to surrounding communities for residential expansion, annexing Roslindale in 1873 and Jamaica Plain, West Roxbury, Allston, Brighton, and Charlestown in 1874. But other communities - notably Brookline - refused to join the immigrant core, touching off wavelike tensions of enlargement and confinement that reverberate to this day. Unlike newer cities, Boston is corseted in its Edwardian boundaries; town lines crisscross Massachusetts like political firewalls. Nearby towns maintain their micro-governments. Cramped space sometimes makes for cramped spirits; for better or worse, people carry their town, neighborhood, ethnic, or racial markers, whether with pride or frustration. Boston is still a city of warrens. A better-funded fire department stands guard. But space - real arm- http://www.boston.com/globe/specialreports/1997/mar/125/1872.htm 4/15/2003 Panic of 1873 Page 1 of 2 Search (Enter the name of an Eras Tables historical figure, event or issue) S:history:com Maps Glossary Full text search Search Home The Grant Administration Panic of 1873 A major economic reversal began in Europe and reached the United States in the fall of 1873. The signal event on this side of the Atlantic was the failure of Jay Cooke and Company, the country's preeminent investment banking concern. The firm was the principal backer of the Northern Pacific Railroad and had handled most of the government's wartime loans. Cooke's fall touched off a series of events that encompassed the entire nation. The New York Stock Exchange was closed for 10 days. Credit dried up, foreclosures were common and banks failed. Factories closed their doors, costing thousands of workers' jobs. The volume of destitute people soon overwhelmed the abilities of charities to function. Most of the major railroads failed. The public tended to blame President Grant and Congress for mishandling the economy. The causes were much broader, however. The postwar period was one of frenetic, unregulated growth with the government playing no role in curbing abuses. More than any other single event, the extreme overbuilding of the nation's railroad system laid the groundwork of the Panic and the depression that followed. Recovery was not realized until 1878. In addition to the ruined fortunes of many Americans, there developed from the Panic of 1873 bitter antagonism between workers and the leaders of banking and manufacturing. This tension would erupt into the labor unrest that marked the following decades. Sponsors of U-S-History.com: http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h213.html 6/17/2004 EL& The financial panic of 1873 Page 1 of 3 The following is an excerpt from Volume III of The Great Republic by the Master Historians The book was published in the early 1900's and edited by renowned American historian Hubert H. Bancroft. It covers United States history from the War of 1812 through the Civil War and Reconstruction. Within the book. Bancroft comments on each historical event, as well as includes more detailed accounts by other historians. The financial panic of 1873 Ads by Google The most important event of President Grant's Progress Rail Services second term in office was the severe financial Providing service and meeting the needs of the depression by which it was marked. The era of railroad industry. high prices and business activity which had www.progressrail.com followed the war yielded its legitimate effect in an abnormal growth of the spirit of speculation. 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The Jay Cooke firm stood at the head of the great banking concerns. This house had handled most of the government loans during the war, and as already stated, were financing the doubtful Northern Pacific scheme. When this firm broke, strong institutions tottered and thousands of people in every rank of life were stricken with absolute ruin or sufferings that were none the less poignant for being outside the category of direct financial failures. The blow was felt for years in impaired credit, pressure for payment of dues, the lowering of securities and general dread of even safe enterprises. United States bonds fell from five to ten per cent. Savings were exhausted and many banks went under. Labor felt the cruel stroke for long after in the shutting down of factories and the half-time employment. The country was in a state of alarm and disgust at the bitter consequences of questionable acts in Congress, by the Administration, and in the realm of finance, and its indignant resolve to change things for the better was expressed in the heated contest which replaced the Grant administration with that of President Hayes, in 1876. Return to The Great Republic by the Master Historians (Vol 3) We encourage linking to this site. Click here for an example. DISCLAIMER: PLEASE READ - By printing, downloading, or using you agree to our full terms. Review the full terms by clicking here. Below is a summary of some of the terms. If you do not agree to the full terms, do not use the information. Since some of this information is from historical sources it may be outdated and/or contain errors. It is for research purposes only. The http://www.publicbookshelf.com/public_html/The_Great_Republic_By_th.../panicof1_hd.htm6/17/2004 Cyl No 1 page 3 ha ve advanced immepasurably from the positivism of ignorance since my days at college. Cylinder No. 2 --1 same date of But/the one great phenomenon, transcending all others in importance and interest, consciousness, we know absolutely nothing and do not even attempt to understand the problem of it. And we are conscious of our ignorance. We have such knowledge as an animal needs to live and nothing more. GBD: end of this section of notes which is to be copied as opportunity comes and read over to me for revisiun. Dict. list It was a pleasant part of England 1. "Gardens do not naturally exist 2 gardens The earliest Herbalists 3 The summer we spent toget er in England 4. That summer in Eng. with its leisurely quest 5. * Re turning from a brief trip, my father 6. * Gladstone Our summer in 1875 in Eng happy one 7.o Those years of intimate companionship 8. When Edward Dorr came out 9. Returning from our wintter on the Nile 10. The tracing out of 11. This search after my father's .. 12. That summer in England in 1875 marks 13. During one of my later trips abroad, friends 14. (Shrewsbury) Leaving York-- Dukeries 15. That summer I came to know my England 16 Ihad the rare ;ood f ortune -mother and "ather 17. This quest after the homes ..... futher took. 18. That whole summer's journey 19. Kent 20 Ph.D. LLB. Harvard College Grant Grant GRANT, ROBERT (Jan. 24, 1852-May 19, His savoir-faire and his rather mellow satirical 1940), novelist and judge, was born in Boston outlook appeared again in his first novel, The of Scottish Highland and English descent, the Confessions of a Frivolous Girl (1880), which eldest child of Patrick Grant, a commission was well received, though it was made a re- merchant, and Charlotte Bordman (Rice) proach against him in some quarters when he Grant. Moving in Boston's best social circles, was first considered for the bench. His first he grew up on Beacon Hill-see his boys' serious novel, Face to Face, was published story, Jack Hall (1887)-and attended the anonymously in 1886, but he did not really Boston Latin School and the Arlington Street establish himself as a serious writer until 1900, (Unitarian) Church. He graduated from Har- when he published Unleavened Bread, whose vard College in 1873 and in 1876 became one feminist heroine, Selma White, has been com- of Harvard's early Ph.D.'s, in English phi- pared to Becky Sharp and Madame Bovary. lology. In 1879 he received his LL.B. from the By reference to this book, Edith Wharton [q.v.] Harvard Law School and was admitted to the called Grant the predecessor of Sinclair Lewis Massachusetts bar. Thereafter he pursued both and Theodore Dreiser. a legal and a literary career. Columbia Uni- Grant himself considered Unleavened Bread versity awarded him an honorary degree in his best novel; with Leo Ditrichstein [q.v.] 1921, Harvard in 1922, and he was elected to he dramatized it for a George C. Tyler produc- the American Academy of Arts and Letters in tion in which Ditrichstein, Elizabeth Tyree, and 1915. Always a loyal son of Harvard, he Eleanor Robson appeared. Some critics, how- served as a member of its Board of Overseers. ever, prefer The Chippendales (1909), in which, with but brief interruptions, from 1895 to 1921 feeling that even Howells had written of Boston (after 1917 as president). society as an outsider, Grant tried to picture it Grant began his public career as a member from the inside, discriminating between what of the Boston Board of Water Commissioners. must go and what might be salvaged of the Five years later, in 1893, he became a judge of old values. His last novel, The Dark Horse probate and insolvency for Suffolk County, (1931), is "A Story of the Young Chippen- which position he held until his retirement in dales" and the inside workings of Massachu- 1923. In 1927 he served with President A. Law- setts politics. Though it lacks the force of its rence Lowell of Harvard and President Samuel predecessor, it is technically one of Grant's W. Stratton [q.v.] of the Massachusetts Insti- most accomplished works. tute of Technology on a committee appointed Grant returned to the imaginary city of Ben- by Gov. Alvan T. Fuller to review the evidence ham, which he had created in Unleavened upon which Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Van- Bread, in both The Undercurrent (1904) and zetti [qq.v.] had been convicted. Their report The High Priestess (1915). The High Priest- censured Judge Webster Thayer for his remarks ess again concerns feminism; the aging Selma off the bench but found no evidence of an un- White makes a brief reappearance, but the fair trial or conviction. central figure is a feminist of a less monstrous Grant was married, on July 3, 1883, to Amy order. In The Undercurrent both the situations Gordon Galt, daughter of Sir Alexander Galt, and the characters are chosen to support Grant's GBO's the Canadian statesman, and granddaughter of thesis that religious opposition to the remar- the novelist John Galt. They had four sons: riage of innocent people after divorce works Robert, Alexander Galt, Patrick, and Gordon. cruel and fruitless hardship. On a less serious Grant died in Boston at the age of eighty-eight level, Grant dealt with divorce problems also and was buried in Mt. Auburn Cemetery in in The Orchid (1905) and The Bishop's Grand- Cambridge. daughter (1925). He was much concerned Though Grant admired Dickens, both Balzac about the growing American tendency to seek and Thackeray exerted more influence upon his divorce for incompatibility, and the cynicism literary work. He considered Vanity Fair the and evasions occasioned by the wide differ- greatest novel ever written. At Harvard he ences between the marriage and divorce laws wrote for, and helped to edit, both the Advocate of the forty-eight states. In the 1920's he de- and the Lampoon and was class poet in 1873. voted considerable energy to agitating in behalf His first literary success was a satire in classi- of a uniform federal divorce law. cal meters on modern society, The Little Tin In addition to his novels, Judge Grant wrote Gods-on-Wheels (1879) this was reprinted, such books as The Reflections of a Married with a number of his occasional and other Man (1892), The Opinions of a Philosopher poems, in Occasional Verses, 1873-1923 (1926). (1893), The Convictions of a Grandfather 257 Graves Graves (1912), and Law and the Family (1919), some of Shanghai and the Yangtse Valley. In 1901, of them with a thin fictional veneer. Finding the mission having grown sufficiently to require the short story difficult, he published only two a division of territory and another bishop, his collections: The Bachelor's Christmas (1895) jurisdiction became Kiangsu Province only and The Law-Breakers (1906). His attitude and his title Bishop of Shanghai. For two brief toward society and toward fiction was not un- periods (1899-1901 and 1918-20) he was also like that of his friend Edith Wharton, but he charged with oversight of the mission in the was much less brilliant both in style and in Philippines. technique, and the range between his best and Though Graves had heavy episcopal responsi- his worst work is very wide. bilities, he found time to take an active part in [Robert Grant, Fourscore-An Autobiog. (1934) and other affairs. He participated in many inter- "Marriage and Divorce," Yale Rev., Jan. 1925; inter- denominational ventures, though remaining views in Boston Sunday Post, Dec. 27, 1903, and Boston aloof from such as he felt led towards church Evening Transcript, Oct. 17, 1931; obituary, N. Y. Times, May 20, 1940; Edith Wharton, A Backward Glance unity. For many years he spent much time (1934); Who Was Who in America, vol. I (1942).] and energy in famine relief work, for which EDWARD WAGENKNECHT he was decorated by the Chinese government. But his primary concern was in extending and GRAVES, FREDERICK ROGERS (Oct. strengthening his diocese, in which much 24, 1858-May 17, 1940), missionary bishop of progress was made, and in the development of the Protestant Episcopal Church, was born in an indigenous church. He had a significant Auburn, N. Y., the eldest of seven children of part in the drawing together of the American, Samuel Seabury and Elizabeth Anna (Wilson) Canadian, and English church missions into Graves. The forebears of both parents were a single Anglican body, organized in 1912 as members of the Church of England who came the Chung Hwa Sheng Kung Hui (Holy early to America and settled in Vermont. From Catholic Church of China), of which he was the age of six Graves spent his childhood and the second presiding bishop (1913-23). youth in Geneva, N. Y., where his father op- From 1925 on, Graves's work became in- erated a large plant nursery. There he had the creasingly difficult, as he had to deal with the major part of his education, in private schools disruption caused by the Nationalist revolution and in Hobart College, from which he was in the twenties and by the Japanese invasions graduated in 1878. His theological training was in the thirties, with financial problems caused in the General Theological Seminary in New by the depression in America, with his wife's York City. He later received honorary doc- illness, and with his own declining health. His torates from the seminary (1893) and from wife died in 1926, and in 1934 he suffered a Oxford (1908). paralytic stroke, but he recovered sufficiently While in seminary Graves volunteered for to carry on his work. He sought to resign in work in China, and he proceeded to that field 1936, but at the urgent request of the bishops shortly after his graduation and ordination as in America agreed to remain in office longer. deacon in 1881. His first post was in Wuchang, Early in 1937, however, he had to make his res- where, except for about two years (1885-87) ignation final. He maintained his residence at as a professor in the theological school of St. St. John's University, where he remained John's College in Shanghai, he remained until through the Japanese attack on Shanghai and 1893, doing evangelistic work and teaching afterwards lived quietly until his death. His theology. He also carried on the work of trans- ashes were interred in Holy Trinity Cathedral, lation, chiefly of books needed in seminary Shanghai. teaching, begun by Bishop Samuel Isaac Joseph Graves was generally regarded within his Schereschewsky [q.v.]. In 1882 he was or- own communion as one of the chief architects dained a priest in Shanghai, and there, the next and builders of the Chinese Anglican Church. year, he married Josephine Harriet Roberts of Outside his church he was widely respected by Brooklyn, N. Y., a member of the Shanghai Chinese and Westerners alike as one whose mission. They had four children: Elizabeth contribution to the Christian cause in China was Woodward, Frederick Rogers, Lucy Josephine, of very considerable significance. and Josephine Marion. The daughters later were missionaries in his diocese. [Unpublished life of Graves by his daughter Lucy, containing many quotations from his journals, letters, and On June 14, 1893, in St. Thomas's Church, a MS of his memoirs written in 1930; F. R. Graves, New York City, Graves was consecrated the "Some Recollections of a Bishop in China," Spirit of Missions, June 1918, and Recollections: 1881-1893 fifth bishop for China with the title of Bishop (1928); Handbooks on the Missions of the Episc. 258 INTRODUCTION TO THE 1999 EDITION xix found formal education onerous. In 1876 he wrote: "To my dis- may was sent to Kendall's School, Appian Way! Disliked most of the boys but liked Kendall. Often dissolved in tears even in schoolroom; much to my despair."3 Fortunately, his education was supplemented by drawing lessons from Charles H. Moore, which he liked. He made lifelong friends at Kendall's, however, especially Roland Thaxter and John H. Storer, and his prepara- tion there helped him pass the entrance examination for Harvard College in June 1877. It is important to understand the values that President Eliot tried to instill in his sons. In 1914 he wrote a short but informa- tive article for The Delineator titled "Bringing Up a Boy." Al- though written almost two decades after the death of his son, this essay clearly recalls young Charles: "The alert boy is often troublesome to parents and teachers, but he is the most promis- ing boy, and great pains should be taken to direct his inquiring mind and eager senses to whole objects, like plants, animals, brooks, forests, landscapes and the products and tools of human industry." President Eliot believed that heredity, rather than environment, was the greater determinant, but he emphasized in his article the role that parents tran play in providing an ap- propriate setting for learning. Clearly, Charles Eliot was a child who caused his father grave concern for many years and great pride when success was achieved. THE EDUCATION OF A LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT Charles Eliot's preparation for a career in landscape architec- ture began long before his Harvard years. During the family's travels in Europe, his parents showed him the beauties of many natural and manmade landscapes. After the death of his mother, 1871 his father and other family members continued this tradition. In the summer of 1871 the Eliots spent their first summer on Mount Desert Island in Maine, and the following year they acquired a forty-three-and-half-foot sloop, The Sunshine. Maine would re- main a central and important part of Charles Eliot's life there- after. In spring 1874 young Charles accompanied his aunt Anna Peabody on a trip through South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. A notebook (fig. 6) in which he recorded his impressions of the landscape, people, and local customs provides us early evidence of his response to landscapes. At this time he was sketching fre- FIGURE 5. Ellen Peabody Eliot with Samuel Atkins Eliot on her lap quently (fig. 7), exhibiting the natural talent that would later and Charles Eliot at her side. Courtesy of Alexander Y. Goriansky. encourage him to consider a career in landscape architecture. In shaping his education, Charles had the advantage dis- Northeast Harbor, Me., 14 September 1923 My dear Dorr: Elist Before I built a house in 1881 near Northeast 1873 Harbor, I camped on Calf Island, Frenchman's Bay, for eight years, and then became very familiar with the shores of the Bay and all its passages and inlets which were safe for 1 good-sized sailing yacht which drew five feet and a half. I then made the acquaintance of Scheedic Eoad and all the approaches to it by land and water. During these years I repeatedly climbed Schoodic Head, and enjoyed the wonderful prospects northeasterly by Petit Manam and beyond towards Grand Manan, southwesterly tcwards Baker's Island, the Duck Islands, and Iale are Esut, and due vest to the high hills of Mount Desert Island just across the bay. These prospects are unique. They are far the finest on the Atlantic Coast of the United States; and therefore the Head itself should be preserved in all its own beauty of geologic structure and forest decoration for the enjoy- ment of future generations. This conservation can be best made sure by adding the Schoodic Peninsula to the Lafayette National Park now established on Mount Desert Island. It will then come under the scientific management of the National Pale Screin. Sinf your Chall W.Elist.] 1872: Bistop Laurence arrives fuel 15 Bautherbou(age ? ). his Quated in letter to L.B. Deery ^ (8/19/32), cited in Rieley vol. 19. 15. OLD PARK STREET AND ITS VICINITY BY ROBERT MEANS LAWRENCE, M.D. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY The Riberside Press Cambridge 1922 OLD PARK STREET AND ITS VICINITY REMINISCENCES OF PARK STREET living in this house. Dr. Mason Warren died here on The final occupants of the old homestead were August 19, 1867. During the season of 1868-69, the Mrs. Jonathan Mason Warren and her unmarried house was leased to and occupied by John Lothrop daughter, Annie C. Warren, who remained there un- Motley, the historian. In the summer of that year til the house was pulled down and replaced as an the writer returned from a three years' course of office and store building, which was leased to Messrs. medical study in Europe, and began the practice of Doll & Richards for a term of years. This event oc- his profession in the old doctor's office; and con- curred in the year 1878. tinued in practice there until 1874, when he removed The tearing down of the old Bulfinch building to Number Fifty-Eight Beacon Street, where he has opened a vista into the cemetery from Park Street. since resided (1922). Public attention was thus drawn anew to this old The night of the Great Boston Fire in 1872 was a relic of the past. The grave of John Hancock was memorable one for Number Two. This private situated in this part of the grounds and had always dwelling was then on the very front line of the resi- been an object of interest to visitors at Number Two dential district; and with its neighbors in the block Park Street. A single stone with the simple inscrip- was nearer to the seat of the conflagration than any tion "Hancock" was all that marked the site of the dwelling-house of that period. The writer, being the grave. It was not long after this occurrence that a only occupant of the house at that time, hastily suitable monument was placed over the grave of this summoned members of the family from their homes distinguished Bostonian, for the first time, SO as to in the "Back Bay," and they kept open house for be easily seen by the passer-by on the crowded Tre- the greater part of the night. Old fire bags, bearing mont Street thoroughfare. Numbers Three and Four the name of John C. Warren, were unearthed from of this block had, if my memory serves me right, their concealment in ornamental fire buckets of the already been claimed for business purposes; but Num- date 1816. These were filled with silver; and to- ber One was still occupied by Mr. Thomas Wiggles- gether with valuable paintings, were removed to the worth and his two sisters, Miss Mary and Miss Anne. homes of relatives. This was not done until the fire I was sent to school at Park Street Church at the had worked up Summer Street as far as Washington age of five. This was in 1847. It was a girls' school, Street, when it was felt that the stampede of vehicles kept by Miss Dwight, and I was the only boy. of all kinds would soon make passage from Park The school-room was situated in the brick portion of Street to Beacon Street impracticable. the tower which supports the steeple, and was lighted 110 111 HARVARD COLLEGE. Boston Daily Globe (1872-1960): Jan 17, 1874: ProQuest Historical Newspapers Boston Globe (1872 - 1901) pg. 8 HARVARD COLLEGE. The Annual Report of President Eliot-A Grati- fying Recapitulation of the Work of the Year. President Charles W. Eliot of Harvard College has presented to the Board of Overseers his report for the year 1872-73, which gives a gratifying showing for the period which it covere, and indicates that Haivard stands up- on as firm a foundation now as in the past. Despite various losses, especially in the departments of the university supported mainly by the Bussey trust fund, resulting from the great November fire, the financial showing of the institution is good and fairly indicative of its undiminished strength. Past accumulations supplied the means of making good a deficit of $5400 found in the balances of receipts and expenses of the Bussey Institution. Small detielts occurring in the Law, Medical and Divinity Schools were almost entirely met by the reduced expenses for the year, and in the Dental and Lawrence Scientitie Schools fair surpluses are noted. The deficit In 1671-12 of $11,444 in the accounts of the university proper. including the college and library accounts, is partially met, this year,by it suplus and reduction of $7000 in expenses. Thesub:criptions of the graduates toward covering the university losses by the fire of 1872, amounting to $183,040 01. The entire loss Line not yet been ascertained with certainty, and the principal of the fund has not yet been applied to the supply of deficits In 1672-3, the interest alone having been employed. The report shows lifty-nine teach- ers applied in the department of Instruction. against fifty-one during the previous year, there be- ing an increase in the number of assistant professors and instructors, and a decrease of other teachers. The insufficiency of the number of apartments for lecture and recitation purpose is quite as embarrass- ing as ever, and the prospects of supplying this de- ticiency have been removed by the death of the late Cyrus Wakefield, " ho had designed extending liberal aid. Progress has been made in the development of a plan allow Ing regular students, in any department. to enjoy the advantages of instruction, fice of ex- pense, in any other department, with the exception of exetcises in the special laboratories. Eighteen years has because the average age of admission, and the standard requirements of admission, though altered. in FOINC respects, have not been ruised. In connection with the Parker fellowship, three fellowships of S1000 each have been estab. lished, which may be held by graduates for threee years, with the privilege of pursuing their studies at home or abroad. The Parker fellowship, it will be remembered, is designed for the develop- ment of any special powers for a single department of learning, in the case of those who are in too mod- erate circuinstances to defray the expenses of a costly course. The report niludes to the experiment of competitive examinations for women. which will be inaugurated in June next. Many other subjects of equal importance to those referred to above are con. sidered at more or less length, and the document, as an entirety, will amply repay permsal. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PRESIDENT GRANT. Boston Daily Globe (1872-1960); Aug 15, 1873; ProQuest Historical Newspapers Boston Globe (1872-1901) - pg. 1 PRESIDENT GRANT. THE PRESIDENT DOWN EAST. AUGUSTA, Me., August 14.-Today the President rode to Gardiner and called on his old West Point friend, Colonel Gardiner. On his return he dined with Senator Morrill of this city. At 5 o'clock, this afternoon, it began to rain, and continued to rain just enough to make it disagreeable qut of doors, but that circumstance did not appreciably affect the brilliancy of the assemblage at the residence of Speaker Blaine in the evening. At 9 o'clock the reception began and at eleven the guests still came. Speaker Blane received his guests with President Grant, Miss Nellie Grant and Mrs. Blaine on his right. There was a large number of prominent gentlemen with their Jadies from all parts of the State. Among them were Governor Perham and staff and the Ex ecutive Council, Senators Hamlin and Morrill of this State, Hons. Eugenc Hale and J. H. Burleigh, members of Congress, the Hon. J. H. Bailey of New York, the Hon. N. Dingley of Lewiston. the Hons. C. W. Goddard and C. P. Kimball of Portland, the Hon. J. E. Butler of the State Senate. the Hon. E. F. Webb, Speaker of the House, Colonel Murray and Major Whittemore of the United States Army. The tollets of the ladies were elegant, charming and beautiful. A large platform bad been erected in the adjoining grounde, protected by a canopy from the weather and beautifully decorated. Here the company joined in the dance. At 9 o'clock, to-morrow morning, the Presidential party will take a special train for Rock- land, and thence will take the revenue cutter McCul- Joch for Mount Desert and thence to Bangor, arriving at Bangor on Saturday afternoon. Saturday evening the President and party will return to this city and pass the Sabbath with Speaker Blaine. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. SEASONABLE NOTES. Boston Daily Globe (1872-1960); Jul 22, 1874; ProQuest Historical Newspapers Boston Globe (1872-1901) - pg. 2 SEASONABLE NOTES. The first German of the season at Saratoga was danced at Congress Hall, Monday, between 12 and 2 o'clock. The most comfortable and cheapest way to get to Mount Desert is to take the care on the Enstern Railroad and go to Portland, and then step on board the stenmer Lewiston, Captain Charles Deering. which leaves Portland every Tuesday and Friday evening, at 10 o'clock, or on arrival of express trains from Boston. The trip to Mount Desert, along the rugged shore of Malue, is n delightful one. Nowhere ou the Maine coast. is there a more romantic and poetic spot than Mount Desert. The island is a mass of mountains crowded together and seemingly rising from the water. and it is diffi- cult to conceive of any liner combination of land and water than 18 presented by the thirteen moun- tains, large and small, that constitute Mount Desert. Or late years, this place has become quito a popular resort for thore seeking genuine comfort and pleasure, divested of all the nonsensities attached to the so- called watering-places. There are plenty of good hotels and cottages there. the charges are reasonable, the society unexceptionable, and with splendid facili- ties for boating, fishing, etc., one can realize all the pleasures of a Summer Idyl without sacrificing com- fort to expense and showy luxuries. Those who have never visited Mount Desert have something yet to add to the sum total of their life's enjoyment. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ADD: July 2011 "In 1872, Verplank Colvin, an Albany lawyer and outdoor enthusiast, persuaded the New York State legislature to supply the financial resources for the first topographical survey of the Adirondacks (visaited several years earlier by the Dorr family). Rather than charting the region with inexact compasses and barometers that involved estimates of altitude from the drop in air pressure, Colvin provided more accurate measurements through the use of the principles of triangulation and an angle-measuring telescope called a theodolite. Fopr bearny thirty years he persisted in this effort which resulted in mapping the region with remarkable precision " Kim Martineau. "Charting old Territory," Adirtondack Explorer May/June 2012, 14-15.