1893 Der Tindine 9/05 / 1894 1895 1893 Death of Charles Dor. -Death - Dan / Exposition, of attends Charles H. Chicago Columbian Dorr -Eliot 25 as Pre years celebration of Howed, - - Dorr's bear acquired Brook (see Valley 1890). tup Loud Conce /Carping c - Calentica tape & haticulture warrer's to morselead hake See Sotton - Mooselead Lake -oldest Doer document! - JORE 1st visits Barttarton 00 browns student. he found so little pleasure in the idea of relaxation and retire- Garden and Forest was kindly in its appraisal of the show, ment that he never considered the prospect. especially where the landscaping was concerned. Nothing serves so well to demonstrate the place of horti- The following year, 1893. was a year of anticipation in the culture in the opinion of the public in the I 890's as the gen- United States for reasons which had nothing to do with the erous provision of space for horticultural displays at the Chi- Arnold Arboretum or with Charles Sargent except by remote cago fair. There, alongside structures to house exhibitions of 1898 associations. Communication media were primitive and machinery, agriculture, works of art, mines, industrial techniques of public relations still in their embryonic stages, products, and small international pavilions, a horticultural but people were agog over the Chicago World Columbian hall sprawled over 67,200 square feet, with an annex. There Exposition, the biggest fair in the United States since the was nothing even remotely like it at the New York World's Philadelphia Centennial Exposition of 1876. It was the 1893 Fair of 1962-63 or Montreal's "Expo" in 1967. At Chicago, "World's Fair." Olmsted and Sargent's nephew, Henry Sar- indoors and out, were special displays of azaleas, begonias, gent Codman, had accomplished something just short of a cacti, citrus plants, grapes, pecans, potatoes, and a wide miracle by converting seemingly hopeless lakeshore waste- variety of other edible and ornamental plants. Purists and land, into a smiling park. Codman, only twenty-nine years professionals might-and did-criticize the doings at the old, |died suddenly after an operation for appendicitis in Horticultural Hallobut the public obligingly admired them. January 1893, before he could witness the full success of his Garden and Forest, politely offering several excuses to the efforts. horticultural committee, expressed editorial criticism of The most famous artists, architects, and sculptors of the the offerings, both from the point of view of materials and era combined to proclaim an American renaissance and their arrangement. "The broad landscape features of the build a glittering white city frosted with plaster of Paris and Exposition are incomparably good," wrote a stern editor, decked with ornaments. The dreamlike quality was en- "but such details as fell to the Bureau of Floriculture are hanced by the fact the elaborate complex had a functional often wrought in the stiff and conventional forms which, life of about six months. Looking back from our vantage unfortunately, are still called landscape-gardening by a point, we call it tasteless and enjoy it only as we are inclined great body of our people." 29 At least the maligned forms to take perverse pleasure in vulgar displays. But in 1893, were consonant with the architectural configurations. Bent hundreds of thousands of people gaped appreciatively at the on pleasing people rather than instructing them, the com- gaudy revivals of classic forms. Sargent made the trip with mittees put on a show for enjoyment which serious-minded his wife and his youthful landscape student, Beatrix Jones, men like Sargent did not appreciate. Sargent's work was showing Miss Jones what should and should not be done. represented in another building: The American Museum of Given his admiration for bold, simple designs, he did not Natural History sent a duplicate set, comprising all 410 particularly care for The White City. However, he kept his specimens, of the Jesup Wood Collection for inclusion in the opinions to himself out of loyalty to Olmsted and Codman. New York State exhibit. Chicago's extravaganza served as a reflection of popular Beatrix Cadwalader Jones, later Mrs. Max Farrand, became a noted American taste and to a lesser extent, as an influence on it. landscape architect. She redesigned the plantings at Dumbarton Oaks in the 1920's, was hired as a design consultant by the Arnold Arboretum on Horticulture and forestry were of national significance, several occasions, and undertook many other important commissions. newsworthy subjects of economic importance. The Chi- The Arboretum and Beyond Changing of the Guard Charles the Amold Annetum 1970. 138 S.B. Sutton 139 Mr. John Robbins, employed in the as given by Mr. Steve anclior works. met with 7 serious acci- well. knew of an in dent last Thur-day Striking it full blow sels had come to his wl on a red hot weld it piece of the metal half-grown herring wh few off striking him in the face. serious- the hold although on ly burning the face and nose and injur- twelve weirs in his vi ing the left eye. but since the swelling two men each and soni has somewhat subsided the ductors think is employed at 75 cents the sight of the eye may be saved. By a J. D. Young of East strange coincidence Mr. Robbins lost the cases of sardines yea sight of the right eve at the same place corroborated the testi and in 3 similar manner 1 few years since. Mr. Robbins is 3 hard working, nesses preceding. Sei suber and honorable man, and has the worthless for packin knew of no tishermen sympathy of the entire community in his wanted seining. He painful affliction. driven away the porg An effort is being myde to establish in Mr. Kemp, an East this place 3 branch union of the car- testified in the same li penters and wood workers organization. Wm. H. Freethy, ca Mr. J. W. Manchester. who went to Bar Harbor the last day of December, ens' collecting stea was taken sick there and confined to the seining would be deat house over two weeks. Taking a cold on eries, aud the herring his journey home he has had a relapse, off. He knew of no but is beginning to get out again in coast who wanted th pleasant weather. to allow seining. Our Rockport neighbors are agitating the matter of building 1 combined shoe Mr. McKenney, the and pant factory. They are pushers in ry and Mr. Penny rep business and it will go if there is a possi- stated that no one in bility of such a thing. a change in the law. Mr. Trefethen of OBITUARY. by Mr. Maddocks. CHARLES H. DORR. the fish in the ocean The people of Bar Harbor will be hausted. He had pained to learn of the death of Mr. Chas. matterr In 1843 the H. Dorr of Boston, which occurred a fishermen who could few days ago at his home on Common- for six weeks. Ye wealth avenue in that city. Mr. Dorr sels came into Portl was a pioneer summer visitor at Bar Har- their cargoes of ma bor and his beautiful estate "Oldfarm" is faith in laws to p one of the most beautiful in town. Mr. The question which and Mrs. Dorr staid late into the season protect the fish but before leaving, and it seems but a 'short dustry. There ha time since they left for Boston. Mr. state or nation, b Dorr was deeply interested in all im- failure. I've been provements in the place, and his widow and it has always I is a valuable member of the Village Im- interest. Its gam provement Society. Mr. Dorr leaves a stroying the fisherie widow and one son. Every act of leg COL. JOHN MARKOE. from a man the rig Another of Bar Harbor's summer resi- great sea was inhu dents has recently died, Col. John Markoe of Philadelphia. Col. Markoe was well Morrison's 8u and favorably known among our summer For Cholera M inhabitants and his death casts a shadow fantum, Summe over his large circle of friends and ac- rhoca and Indig quaintances. ed'to Cure. At 8451 5 No interment shall be made until the fees shall have been paid. SEE RULES AND RECULATIONS, ART. V. ORDER FOR INTERMENT in the Cemetery of Mount Auburn. The undersigned wishes, on the 30 day of January 1893, to deposit n a BRICK Bax or common grave in Lot No. 4474 owned by bharles N, Dom the remains of bharles to Dorr late of Boslow who itied at Boston was on the 28 day of Jan. 189.3 aged 42 years - months - days. Dated at Booloin George B. worse Son this 28 day of g an 189 3 Proprietor of Lot Give address 18 Comme time Boston No. 4474 Funeral services at Boslon at 11 o'clock Buy E Undertuker. This order, PROPERLY SIGNED, must be presented at the Cemetery at least TWENTY-FOUR HOURS before the interment. Every order for interment must be signed by the proprietor, or his or her legal attorney; and after the decease of the proprietor, by some authorized person. Please designate precisely in what part of the lot the interment is to be made. mount Auburn Historical Collection. # 8451 c.2 His coaching parties were the essence of [ollity. This year he will be again at Edens- field. which means. according to himself. that be intends to make Bar Harbor his per- monent summer home. His eldest son's engagement to Miss Tudor of Brookline, which was one of the winter announcements, will not lessen the gayety of the Garlands' life. though IS has de prived the other girls of the hope of making a good catch. But there are other sons, who, if not quite eligible now. soon will be. The Boston element at Bar Harbor is steadily increasing, and among those who have taken cottages there for this season are found the following Well-Known Names from the Hub: Mr. Theodore Chase. who will occupy the Mason cottage: Mrs. Charles Gordon, Hig- gins cottage; and Miss Borland, who has taken the Lookout, Mrs. George Quincy Thorndike has taken Marevista. one of the delightful West st. cottages, for this year. Mrs. Thorndike's weekly dinners are among the prettiest en- tertainments given at Bar Harbor. Mrs. T. C. II. Linzee of Marlboro st. will come to her cottage in the Field early in June, and take up again her work with the village library. Mrs. Charles H. Dorr of Beacon st. and her son, Mr. George Dorr. are already at Old Farm. The death this past winter of Mr. Dorr deprives Bar Harbor of one of its oldest and most estoemed cottagers, and his loss will be sadly felt by villagers as well as cottagers, The Dorr estate IS one of the largest and most beautiful on the island. The Maverick bank has held a mortgage for some time on the Porcupine property, but Mr. Frank Wood has recently purchased it and paid off all menmbrances It was Mr. Wood's enterprise that started this tine building. and every one is glad to see hum in possession. The Grand Central. across the street, which was bought last year by Johnston Livingston. 8 New York millionnaire, IS in a dismantled state, and work on It 18 aban. doned, no one seems to know just why, It promised to be a model hotel, first class in every particular, but the Curtain is Drawn for a time at least. The question of "help" is a serious one with nearly all the hotel proprietors. Chi- cago holds out more alluring inducements to the domestic wage earners. The swimming pool on West st. is fast ap. Droaching completion, and will, the man- agers hope, provo a great attraction, Bathing at Bar Harbor has almost become & lost art for few have been found with constitutions robust enough to stand theicy chilliness of the water. but the pool makes It possible to lave in the ocean's embrace with comparative comfort The Blaine cottage, "Stanwood," will again resound with sounds of mirth. It is rented to Mr. John Sloan of New York, who will bring his family there in June. Mrs. James G. Blaine. after making a short visit to Bar Harbor, will sail for Europe with Miss Blaine, for a year's stay. Mrs. Emmons Blaine has taken the King cottage on Eden 91. issaid that Elliott Shepard's family will again occupy Mossley Hall. If they do not the Howards will be there themsolv In any caso the tennis tournament will come off as usual. Mrs. Daniel Kimball of Beacon at. has bought a cottage at Bar Harbor and gold her beautiful villa at Sul. livan harbor to Mrs. Columbus O'Donnell of Baltimore. Mrs. O'Donnell's daughter, Mrs. Robert Hinckley of Washington, will pass thosum- mer with hor Miss Charlotte Pendleton has arrived for the season, and is occupying her new cot. tage. Dr. A. B. Wilbor of 169 Beacon st. has already opened his cottage at Sorrento. He has recently purchased an old farm on Waukeag Neck. which he plans to make into u fancy stock farm, Mine Claim Smart of Boston will spend the entire season at Hotel Sorrento, Prof. J. B. Thayer and family of Cam- bridge will come in June to their cotiage. Miss Thayer is one of the most promising students in Harvard annex. lu spite of the intensity of the past winter the grounds about the private residences are looking unusually well, Other cottages rented for the coming sea- son are: Brook End, Mr. J. Coleman Drav. ton, New York: Shoro cottage, Mr. H. Van Rensselaer Kennedy, New York: Cleft. stone, Judge Edward Patterson, New York: Highbrook, Mr. John DeKoven. Chicago: Buena Vista. Mr. Frank Ellis, Cincinnati Kebo cottage, Mr. Charlos Carroll Jackson, New York, Hardy cottage, Mr. A. R. Shattuck, Now Orleans: Far Niente, Dr. S. Wier Mitchell, Philadel- plua: Wyandotte, Mr Edward Morrell, Phil. adelphia: King cottage, Mr. Carroll Mercer, Washington: Aloha Mrs. William L. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Panic of 1893 Menu () AmericanHistory (https://american-history.net) Browse: Home (https://american-history.net/) 19th Century America (https://american-history.net/19th-century- america/) Famous Events (https://american-history.net/19th-century- america/19th-century-america-famous-events/) Panic of 1893 Panic of 1893 Table of Contents What was the Panic of 1893? What caused the Panic of 1893? The Beginning of the Panic of 1893 Silver and Gold Effects of Panic of 1893 What was the Panic of 1893? The Panic of 1893 was a period of economic depression in the United States of America. It began in 1893 and lasted until 1897. During this period, the unemployment rate increased very rapidly and many big https://american-history.net/19th-century-america/19th-century-america-famous-events/panic-of-1893 1/6 Panic of 1893 businesses, including famous banks, had to be closed. What caused the Panic of 1893? There were many things that led to the Panic of 1893. In America, one of these was the way railroad companies worked. Many railroad companies had overbuilt themselves and often took unnecessary risks, such as buying the operations of a competitor in order to increase their own size even if it didn't do them much good. The Panic of 1893 Also, the production of silver had increased in USA and the government tried to buy millions of ounces of silver to help the silver mining industry. But the American dollar was backed by gold and purchasing silver was not a very smart decision, although it did help thousands of people associated with silver mining. The Beginning of the Panic of 1893 https://american-history.net/19th-century-america/19th-century-america-famous-events/panic-of-1893/ 2/6 Panic of 1893 In February, 1893, the first major economic failure happened. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad company declared bankruptcy. The American government felt that purchasing all that silver was causing problems with the economy, so the government stopped purchasing silver. This led the people to believe that an economic crisis was taking place and so the panic began. Out of concern for their own financial well- being, people started taking their money from banks. This depleted the banks that ran out of money and so, the businesses that relied on the money from the banks no longer had any money. This created a rippling effect, ultimately affecting the economy of not only USA but also of Europe and UK. Silver and Gold The two metals, silver and gold, played an important role during the Panic of 1893. As mentioned above, the US government first decided to buy large amounts of silver but when the crisis began, it stopped purchasing silver. So people who had silver now tried to trade off their silver for gold. Similarly, the investors and businessmen in Europe now wanted to return the American goods and get back their gold. Gold was considered a perfectly secure option, so everyone wanted to exchange dollars and goods so that they could have gold and be safe from the economic crisis. But the US Treasury had limited amounts of gold and so, soon people could no longer get gold. Effects of Panic of 1893 https://american-history.net/19th-century-america/19th-century-america-famous-events/panic-of-1893 3/6 Panic of 1893 The effects of the Panic of 1893 were serious for the American economy. The Panic lasted until 1897 and during this period, around 15,000 businesses failed. These included major railroad companies such as the Union Pacific Railroad, Northern Pacific Railway and the Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad. Nearly 500 banks also suffered failure and closed. The overall unemployment rate in USA reached as high as 19%, with 43% unemployment rate in Michigan and 35% unemployment rate in New York. Farmers also went destitute because their exports were no longer valued at much. In all, many people had to live a very hard life during the Panic and sometimes, it became hard even to have enough to eat. The Panic of 1893: The Untold Story of Washington State's First Depression Paperback - June 22, 2018 (https://www.amazon.com/Panic-1893-Untold-Washington- Depression/dp/0870046217/ref=sr_1_5? s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1543061243&sr=1- 5&keywords=Panic+of+1893) Learn More about the Panic of 1893 at Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1893) Famous Events (https://american-history.net/19th-century- america/19th-century-america-famous-events/) Black Hills Gold Rush 1874 (https://american- listory.net/19th-century-america/19th-century-america- famous-events/black-hills-gold-rush-1874/) Great Chicago Fire 1871 (https://american- story.net/19th-century-america/19th-century-america https://american-history.net/19th-century-america/19th-century-america-famous-events/panic-of-1893 4/6 loft [NotE: Carman Bliss first published poemin Atlantic ,lonthly, larch Carnan 1887.) Bless. 1893. LOW TIDE ON GRAND PRE The sun goes down, and over all These barren reaches by the tide Such unolusive glories fall, I almost dream they yet will bide Until the coming of the tide. And yet I know that not for us, By any esstasy of dream, He lingers to keep luminous A little while the grievous stream, Whithhfrets, uncomforted of dream -- A grievous stream, that to and frox Athrough the fields of Acadie Goes wandering, as if to know Why one beloved face should be So long from home and Acadie. Was it a year or lives ago We took the grasses in our hands, And caught the summer flying low Over the waving meadow lands, And held it there between our hands? The while the river at our feet-- A drowsy inland meadow stream-- At set of sun the after-heat Made running gold, and in the gleam We freed our birch upon the stream There down along the elms at dusk We lifted dripping blade to drift, Through twilight scented fine like musk, Where night and gloom awhile uplift, Nor sunder soul and soul adrift. And that we took into our hands Spirit of life or subtler thing-- Breathed on us there, and loosed the bands of death, and taught us, whispering, the Secret of some wonder-thing. Then all your face grew light, and seemed To hold the shadow of the sun; The evening faltered, and I deemed That time was ripe, and the years had gone Their wheeling underneath the sun. 2 of 2 So all desire and all regret, And fear and memory, were naught; One to remember or forget The keen delight our hands had caught; Morrow and yesterday were naught. The night has fallen, and the tide... Now and again comes drifting home, Across these aching barrens wide, A sigh like driven wind or foam: In grief the flood is bursting home. 263 Clarendon | Back Bay Houses file; 7. S. Watson, Back Bay Houses M.D. Candolence fetta to Genealogies of Back Bay Houses GBD mdesth of CHD. 263 Clarendon 263 Cl arend on is locate d on IIIIII the ea st IIII side of Claren don, Lot 28' X 66' (1,848 sf) betwe en Marlborough and Commonwealth, with 265 Clarendon to the north and 65 Commonwealth to the south, across Alley 423. 263 Clarendon (2013) 263 Clarendon was built ca. 1870 for building contractor George Wheatland, Jr., for speculative sale, one of four contiguous houses (92 Marlborough and 263- 265-267 Clarendon) that form a single unit between Marlborough and Public Alley 423. George Wheatland, Jr., purchased the land for the four houses in two transactions. On October 1, 1869, he bought the lot at the corner of Clarendon and Marlborough, with a frontage of 54 feet on Marlborough, from John Revere, 263 Clarendon I Back Bay Houses from architect John H. Sturgis. Both lots had originally been part of a parcel purchased from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on July 30, 1862, by David Snow. The original deeds for the four houses provided a four foot wide easement at the eastern edge of the lots, running from the southeast corner of 92 Marlborough through the rear yards of 263-265-267 Clarendon, to provide for drainage and access to the alley. Click here for an index to the deeds for 263 Clarendon, and click here for further information about the land between the south side of Marlborough and Alley 423, from Berkeley to Clarendon. (on April 23, 1870, 263 Clarendon was purchased by banker and stockbroker Thomas Handasyde Perkins and his wife, Elizabeth Jones (Chadwick) Perkins. The purchase was made by a trust they had established on July 9, 1855, with Elizabeth Perkins as the beneficiary. The Perkinses previously had lived at the Parker House hotel and, before that, at 285 Clarendon. During the 1878-1879 winter season, the Perkinses were living elsewhere and 263 Clarendon was the home of dry goods commission merchant David Nevins, Jr., and his wife, Harriet (Blackburn) Nevins. In 1876, they had lived at 48 Commonwealth. They also maintained a home in South Framingham, which was their primary residence. They had moved from 263 Clarendon by the 1879-1880 season, and it was the Perkinses' home once again. Elizabeth Perkins died in January of 1888. In about 1889, Thomas Perkins was joined at 263 Clarendon by his son-in-law and daughter, Dr. Francis Sedgwick Watson and Mary (Perkins) Watson. He was a physician. In 1888, the Watsons had lived at 127 Boylston, where he also maintained his medical offices. After moving to 263 Clarendon, he maintained his medical offices at 80 Marlborough (in about 1894) and then, by 1895, at 92 Marlborough. 263 Clarendon I Back Bay Houses Thomas Perkins died in June of 1900. Francis and Mary Watson continued to live at 263 Clarendon. He continued to maintain his medical offices at 92 Marlborough until about 1917. Mary Watson died in September of 1917 as a result of injuries from falling from a third story window at 263 Clarendon (the Boston Globe article on her death notes that the family had recently returned from 263-265 Clarendon (prob. ca. 1900), courtesy of the country and "the city house the Boston Athenaeum was being opened and Mrs. Watson was assisting the maid and a nurse at the time she lost her balance and fell from the window"). Francis Watson moved soon thereafter. He remarried in 1918 to Genevieve Walker; by the early 1920s, they lived in Sturbridge. 263 Clarendon had continued to be owned by the trust established for Elizabeth Perkins's benefit and, on November 10, 1917, it sold the house to Marion Steedman (Mason) Wilson, the wife of Richard Thornton Wilson, Jr. She also owned 265 Clarendon, which she had inherited from her father, Amos Lawrence Mason. Richard Wilson was a banker and thoroughbred horse breeder; they lived in New York City and Palmetto Bluff, South Carolina. 263 Clarendon was not listed in the 1919 Blue Book. By the 1919-1920 winter season, 263 Clarendon was the home of architect William Truman Aldrich and his wife, Dorothea (Davenport) Aldrich. They previously had lived at 31 Hereford. They also maintained a home in New LENOX York Times HAS BEEN 7-Current SNOWED file); Mar IN. 5, 1893: ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times pg.11 LENOX HAS BEEN SNOWED IN. LENOX, March 4--Henry A. Barclay has a party or friends at his house which is literally a 'house party because the snow is so deep that sleighriding is not at all pleasant. They are having a jolly time indoors varied by such outdoor amusement as they are able to get. Mr. Barclay and family will soon close their cottage and return to New-York. They intend to spend next season at Southampton as they did last. Mr. William D. Sloane has been here this week looking after the improvements on his fine place. which are practically completed. He ex- pects to occupy his place early next season. Mr. John Sloane will begin work on his new cottage early in the Spring, but it will not be ready for occupancy for a year at least. Mr. and Mrs. George G. Haven, who will occu- py their cottage early in the Summer. have been having a taste of Lenox in Winter this week. The severe snowstorms of last week gave Lenox an experience of the severest Winter it has had for many years. The drifts were 80 high that communication with Pittsfield was cut off for four days. D. W. Bishop closed his cottace this week and went to New-York. He has spent the entire Winter here. The new cottage of Anson Phelps Stokes on the shore of Lake Mahkeenao is rapidly pro- gressing. It will not be ready for occupancy next season. however. The pretty new cottage of Leonard P. Beck- with. on the west shore of Mahkeenac Lake. is rapidly approaching completion. It will be ready for occupancy early in the Summer. H. H. Cooke's new cottage. on the east shore of the lake, occupying a commanding hill top, will be begun as soon as the ground is in condition. It will not be completed before a year from next Summer. Mr. and Mrs. George H. Morgan have been here for & few days looking after the work on their new cottage, Ventfort." which will prob- ably be finished in [season to occups about the 1st of June. A number of the cottagers will go to Chicago in the Spring and early Summer to attend the World's Fair. Mr. W. D. Bloane and family will occupy a large snite of rooms at the Hotel Richelleu. Mr. and Mrs. J. Townsend Burden will also visit the fair about the same time. There have been many rumors afloat about the sale of the Woolsey property. but they all lack confirmation. Mr. William D. Curtis, who has charge of the rentals of cottages for another season, has already leased a large number. and has almost daily calls for others. The prospects are that the coming season will be a good one The Rookwell place will be occupied again this sea- son by Mr. Parsons, who had last year. Mr. George Bliss will have the Dorr cottage, and Mrs. J. B. Trevor of Yonkers has taken the Fre- linghuysen outtage. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 I Architecture & Design Dictionary | Chicago Architecture Center WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION OF 1893 How did the 1893 World's Fair impact Chicago and its architecture? WORLD, MEET CHICAGO The World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 was the first world's fair held in Chicago. Carving out some 600 acres of Frederick Law Olmsted's Jackson Park, the exposition was a major milestone. Congress awarded Chicago the opportunity to host the fair over the other candidate cities of New York, Washington D.C. and St. Louis, Missouri. More than 150,000 people passed through the grounds each day during its six-month run, making it larger than all of the U.S. world's fairs that preceded it. The fair built awareness among visitors that Chicago was taking its place as the "second city" after New York. Locals, too, were proud of the enormous progress and growth that were achieved in the two decades following the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. So momentous was the fair that it is represented as a star on the Chicago flag. How did the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition impact the architecture of Chicago? Most directly, the fair promoted the rapid urbanization of the South Side. New corridors of development grew along the lake and the new elevated "L" train line (today's CTA Green Line) and new housing blocks were built for the fair's workers. Entertainment venues and hotels sprung up in nearby Hyde Park and Woodlawn too, some of which would evolve into major resort destinations through the mid-20th century. THE WHITE CITY The site of the exposition itself gained the nickname the "White City" due to the appearance of its massive white buildings. The White City showcased chief architect Daniel Burnham's ideas for a "City Beautiful" movement. While the fair's buildings were not designed to be permanent structures, their architects used the grandeur and romance of Beaux-Arts classicism to legitimize the architecture of the pavilions and evoke https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/architecture-dictionary/entry/worlds-columbian-exposition-of-1893/ 1/3 World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 | Architecture & Design Dictionary | Chicago Architecture Center solidity in this young city. Burnham and Edward H. Bennett's 1909 Plan of Chicago was a culmination of lessons learned at the fair. The plan offered Chicago a blueprint for growth and influenced city planning around the world. The grand Neo-Classical buildings of the White City- -temples to industry and civilization-became templates for banks and public buildings across the country. They also influenced the designs of the museums that now stand on Chicago's lakefront. The Museum of Science and Industry is housed in the former Palace of Fine Arts from the world's fair. The Field Museum, which Burnham's architecture firm helped plan, was the first occupant of the Palace of Fine Arts (in the 1920s, it moved to a different Neo-Classical building). The influence of the White City also extended to downtown, where the Art Institute of Chicago was built for the 1893 fair. LEGACY OF THE FAIR The millions of visitors who came to Chicago during the fair took home new ideas in commerce, industry, technology and entertainment. They crossed paths with others from around the world and walked away with a new perspective on Chicago. Travel writer James Fullarton Muirhead visited the fair from Scotland and later wrote: "Since 1893, Chicago ought never to be mentioned as 'Porkopolis' without a simultaneous reference to the fact that it was also the creator of the White City, with its Court of Honor, perhaps the most flawless and fairy-like creation, on a large scale, of man's invention." Today, Chicago's Beaux-Arts buildings serve as a reminder of the exposition. In fact, many Beaux-Arts buildings around the country owe their existence to the White City. A darker legacy lives on in the nonfiction book, The Devil in the White City. It follows Daniel Burnham's work and the creation of the fair, as well as the actions of serial murderer Dr. H. H. Holmes. One of the fair's most prolific physical legacies is the Ferris Wheel, which was invented in 1893 for the exposition's amusements area on the Midway Plaisance. Thousands of "Chicago Wheels" now rise above cities around the world. Note: See also Marian fawrence Pedbody's To Be Young was Very Heaven (Boston: Houghton Hifflin, 1967), chep. 4. See related is Sue: "The Forgotten Depression: A Look at the 1893 Depression." https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/architecture-dictionary/entry/worlds-columbian-exposition-of-1893/ 2/3 World's Columbian Exposition: Idea, Experience, Aftermath Page 1 of 2 The World's Columbian Exposition: Idea, Experience, Aftermath Ilam Chicago's Worlds Fair of 1898 was an incredibly popólar and immensely infloential social and cultural event Millions of Americans experienced the Fair during its six months of existence on the shores of Lake Michigan, and millions more have lived with its legacy throoghout the (Wentiel) centary This hypertexinal thesis explores the Exposition through a virtual toor, intestigates visitors reactions to the Fair, and analgzes the social, political, and cultural legacies of the World's Columbian Exposition. Link Welcome Tour Reactions legacy Notes Welcome ~ Tour the Fair ~ Reactions to the Fair ~ The Legacy of the Fair ~ Notes and Further Reading This project resides at http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA96/WCE/title.html Published August 1, 1996 See olso Interactive guide to World's Columbia Exposition. B.R. [online]. Scholman. http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA96/WCE/title.html 2/11/2003 World's Columbian Exposition: The Legacy of the Fair Page 1 of 6 The legacy ol the Fair The World's Columbian Exposition was financially immensely successful. By October, attendance had reached over 6.8 million paid visitors--doubling August's 3.5 million. Chicago Day (October 9) alone saw 716,881 Fairgoers entering the White City. The concession stands brought in over $4 million, the Ferris Wheel turned a profit, and when all the calculations were complete, the Exposition itself more than broke even, with a $1 million surplus to be returned to its 30,000 stockholders. No exposition in the nineteenth century could boast such success, and the World's Columbian Exposition became the standard by which all future fairs were measured. The 1901 St. Louis fair modeled itself on the Exposition, in both its profit-making and cultural aspects, as did the 1915 Pan-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco. The official goals of the Fair, to provide stability in the face of great change, to encourage American unity, to celebrate technology and commerce, and to encourage popular education have their echoes in the fairs of Chicago and New York in the 1930s, and those most permanent of American fairs, Disneyland and DisneyWorld. The influence of the Exposition extended beyond the confines of the World's Fairs. Trends which originated in Chicago in 1893 and many of the ideas advanced there have shaped the very landscape of modern America. Its legacy is wide-ranging, from movements in popular and high culture to changes in the nation's power structure and the lasting influence of commerce and technology. A number of additional elements of the Fair seem eerily familiar to Columbia and late-twentieth century observers. The fear of, and disdain for, the Peristyle casualties of the Depression--the homeless and unemployed -- is from the Grand Basin not unfamiliar (Schwantes' Coxey's Army investigates this aspect of the Fair to advantage). Racism, pervasive throughout the White City and the Midway (a theme which has been extensively explored in Robert Rydell's works on the Exposition), is still a significant problem in America. Yet these aspects of the Exposition, often not discussed by contemporary observers and totally ignored by the official Fair, were not proactive influencers, but examples of the changes and problems in turn of the century America. However, new entertainment and popular culture forms were innovations, and the valorization of commerce, corporation, and technology, was planned and proactive. While these introductions and ideologies were reacting to American society, they were not simply reflective. They were the messengers of a paradigm shift, influential not only in the message, but in the unprecedented audience for the message. As we move into the postmodern twenty-first century, legacies of the World's Columbian Exposition still shape our world. Culture The cultural and entertainment impact of the Fair was pervasive in 1893--from stories and jokes to songs and cartoons, the Exposition was everywhere. The cultural legacy of the Fair is not quite as obvious, but still as pervasive, today, coloring every aspect of daily modern life--from museums to the Pledge of Allegiance to hamburgers and Disney World. http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA96/WCE/legacy.html 2/11/2003 World's Columbian Exposition: The Legacy of the Fair Page 2 of 6 The Columbian Exposition was the venue for the debut of consumer products which are SO familiar today--including Cream of Wheat, Shredded Wheat, Pabst Beer, Aunt Jemima syrup, and Juicy Fruit gum. The Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building was a showcase for American products, and showed them to advantage. To debut at the Fair, and possibly win a Columbian medal in product competitions, was a perfect way to win product recognition and a boon for the advertising department-- of Fax Arts - Now Clicago's advertisements in the months following the Fair prominently Masetry Science and Indistry displayed ribbons and proudly pointed out, for example that this product was, "1st place, Bicycle Division." The Fair also introduced picture postcards to the American public, as well as two staples of the late-twentieth century diet--carbonated soda and hamburgers. But it was not merely the Fair's product introductions which have had an impact on the face of modern America. The Exposition provided the United States with a new holiday, Columbus Day, and a new method of inculcating patriotism in schoolchildren-- the Pledge of Allegiance. Yet nothing "says more about the power of the White City than that it inspired the Emerald City. Children's writer L. Frank Baum never forgot the fair and transmuted it into Oz." (Patton, 38) Other artists and writers, as we have seen, were heavily influenced by the Exposition. Popular novels, such as Burnham's Sweet Clover and Burnett's Two Little Pilgrims' Progress took the Fair as their backdrop and theme, while sections of W.D. Howells' Letters from an Altrurian Traveler and Henry Adams' Education focused on the meaning of the huge cultural event they had just experienced. The Fair positioned itself as a cultural event, and included music as an important element in that scheme. John Phillip Sousa's work was frequently performed by the many marching bands on the Fairgrounds, Dvorak composed the New World Symphony in honor of the Exposition, and a young piano player named Scott Joplin was quietly developing a new sound in music while working at the Fair--ragtime. While Joplin was creating a new musical sound, the "entrepreneurs" of the Midway were creating a whole new entertainment form. The overwhelming popularity of the Midway, whether perceived as a guilty pleasure or not, has also been a huge influence on popular culture in the twentieth century. Not only did " displays of 'native villages' on the Midway of Chicago's 1893 Columbian Exposition inspired circuses to enlarge their own displays of tribal people." (Bogdan, 185), but "in the area around Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show the idea for a collective amusement company was first discussed and the carnival as we know it was Eyept born." (Bogdan, 59) Bringing fakes, rides, food, music, Coor Island Performer and theatrical entertainment into one complex was an idea heartily approved by the entertainers and theater managers who peopled the Midway and the Wild West Show. By the turn of the century, the first permanent iteration of the concept of the Midway was established at Coney Island, New York, and has been followed by scores of permanent amusement and theme parks throughout the country--including Disneyland and DisneyWorld http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA96/WCE/legacy.html 2/11/2003 World's Columbian Exposition: The Legacy of the Fair Page 3 of 6 It was not only popular culture that was influenced by the Fair, however. Thanks to the emphasis on exhibits and education at the Exposition, public science and art museums can be found in every population center in the country. Of course, many of these museums were built in the monumental Beaux-Arts style; civic architecture has utilized the style almost exclusively in the century since the Exposition closed. Consumption and Corporate Power The advent of the consumer-based society in America received its first major expression and celebration at the World's Columbian Exposition. Not only was the Fair a "dry run for the mass marketing, packaging, and advertising of the twentieth century." (Patton, 43), it was also important in inculcating the urge to consume in Fair visitors--from the scores of concessionaires, to the "consumption" of foreign cultures on the Midway, to the price tags for comparison shopping on many of the so-called "educational" exhibits (particularly in the Manufacturer's and Agriculture Buildings). This urge to consume was nascent in American consciousness--witness the popularity of Marshall Field's department store and the critique of this mindset in Dreiser's Sister Carrie. The urge was not created by the World's Columbian Exposition, yet its inescapable messages of commodity and its equation with the enjoyment of the Fair had a lasting impact on American consciousness. Enjoying oneself became inextricably tied to purchasing goods or simply the act of spending money. This association of fun with consumption was an unintended but pleasant consequence for the Fair's management. They originally intended to increase American pride during times of trouble by celebrating American goods--which would, in turn, increase Americans' confidence in the business system. However, this drive to consume entertainment, while not unique in America, was unusual in its large scale. The Columbian Exposition, in its valorization of consumption on many levels, aided in the transition from a producer to consumer society--and pointed the way into the twentieth century. The Exposition produced another innovation which would shape the coming century: corporate control on a national level. The Directory and Commission were made up of both politicians and business leaders--U.S. Senators, presidents of railroads, banks, and department stores, and heads of real estate empires. They were also professional men, architects and professors, who sought to have a stake in the scope of the Fair's message. As a result of the Fair, these men came to be considered more than leaders in business. The cultural and entertainment messages of the Fair gave social cache to these businessmen. Alan Trachtenberg has Society Canal, Court of Hooor suggested that the emergence of corporations and their wealthy leaders as cultural gatekeepers was one of the most important messages of the Fair. America would survive its current troubles and prosper in the future "through a corporate alliance of business, culture, and the state." (217) As with consumerism, corporate control of national culture--and some might say society--did not end with the Columbian Exposition. The obvious legacy of the Columbian Exposition's influence on consumerism and corporate control in the twentieth century is Walt Disney World's EPCOT Center. Initially envisioned as a utopian experiment (Experimental Prototype Community Of Tomorrow), the corporate vision prevailed. EPCOT is packaged as utopian and educational, with corporations as the explicit gatekeepers of technology, culture, and history. The Manufacturer's, Machinery, and Electricity Buildings of the http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA96/WCE/legacy.html 2/11/2003 World's Columbian Exposition: The Legacy of the Fair Page 4 of 6 Columbian Exposition have been concentrated into the Pavilions of such corporate giants as GE and AT&T, taking up the message of progress and technology SO prevalent at the Fair. The Midway is recreated as well, with Pavilions for foreign countries, providing "the world for 50 cents," or, in this case, $25. The amazing accomplishment of Handy's Department of Publicity and Promotion pales in comparison to the Disney Marketing Department and its ability to make the corporate messages of Disney SO familiar, and somehow SO natural, to parents and children alike. The linking of business and technology found throughout EPCOT is a significant legacy of the Columbian Exposition; Disney's fascination with technology and progress is another. Technology and Progress The World's Columbian Exposition not only guided America toward the twentieth century through its valorization of consumerism and a new business elite. It also showed the way to modern America through its emphasis on technology, specifically electricity. Electricity would become an increasingly significant aspect of business and consumption, and it had to be given a new identity. No longer was technology to be the frightening or overpowering symbol of the shift from an agrarian to an industrial nation, but the harbinger of a new age of American progress. In the early 1890s, the icon for technological advance was electricity. It can be argued that " .most of all, the Columbian Exposition was a spectacle for the emerging technology that would power and transform the coming new century--electricity." (Judith Adams, 47), and it was certainly a large focus of the director's efforts. Electricity was the latest in the marriage of science and progress, and its display throughout the grounds indicated the extent to which the management wished to promote its use and the underlying message of progress it connoted. Drawing on a widely held belief about progress, in which America was constantly moving forward and upward, the directors gave a new focus to the concept. Rather than considering political or moral innovation the epitome of progress, the Fair successfully turned the focus to technology. The Fair helped change Americans' reactions to technology. It became the vehicle for the hopes and dreams of Americans, as they saw in it a reflection of their own progressive nature and bright future. "The medium of the fair clearly held grand potential for rendering America's civil religion of progress an international faith." (Rydell, 70) The equation of electricity with progress in the Fair's vocabulary showed visitors that technology was not a force to be feared. Visitors were meant to see that one of the most potent agents of change in their society--electricity--was not to be feared, but celebrated. In conjunction with the consumer and corporate symbolism of the Fair, the celebration of technology at the World's Columbian Exposition set Americans on the path toward modernity in the twentieth century. In Conclusion The World's Columbian Exposition was only nominally a celebration of Christopher Columbus and his voyages to the New World. Rather, it was a cultural statement, an argument for power, a societal influencer, and above all, a reflection of the confusions, fragmentations, and hopes of a transitional age. The Columbian Exposition, in its official, unofficial, and received form, was an expression of the convergence of forces which eventually shaped modern America. Harvard President Charles Eliot Norton, himself a member of the officiating Directory, said of the Exposition, The great Fair was indeed a superb and appropriate symbol of our great nation, in its noble general design and in the inequalities of its execution; in its unexampled display of http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA96/WCE/legacy.html 2/11/2003 World's Columbian Exposition: The Legacy of the Fair Page 5 of 6 industrial energy and practical capacity; in the absence of the higher works of creative imagination; in its incongruities, its mingling of noble realities and ignoble pretenses, in its refinements cheek-by-jowl with vulgarities, in its order and its confusion--in its heterogeniousness and in its unity. The World's Columbian Exposition was "a kind of tract, an argument for the superiority of our civilization The fair measured American progress and found it highly satisfactory, as well as inevitable; it saw itself as American destiny made manifest." (Patton, 40) It was an incredibly popular and influential event, arguing in its architecture, guidebooks and spatial arrangements for America's stability and leadership in the face of incredible change. Modern America would not have been the same had the World's Columbian Patilion Exposition not existed. A bold claim, to be sure, but the influence of the Fair's ideas After the Fair reached millions upon millions of Americans, reinforcing their beliefs, encouraging pride in their country, suggesting new paradigms which would be more easily accepted in a time of crisis. The huge audience for the Columbian Exposition is the key to its definition as a watershed event in American history, influencing millions through visits, guidebooks, journal accounts, and photographic viewbooks. The reactions of visitors to the Fair's messages of stability--cultural parity with Europe through appropriation of European forms, and the official emphasis on education rather than entertainment--were mixed. Yet the messages of consumption and technology were either received without comment or with outright enthusiasm. It is this--the acceptance and even celebration of consumption and technology--which has had the most significant and lasting impact on American society. The dialogue between popular and "high" culture, and education and entertainment, at the World's Columbian Exposition was a continuation of a running conversation which has not been resolved in postmodern America--they were reflections of their time, rather than influencers. The messages of consumption (as well as the many goods introduced at the Fair), the rise of a business elite to national power, and the valorization of technology as positive progress have had the most significant and lasting effects on American society. In the great World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, we find the blueprint for modern America. Home Welcome Toor Reactions legacy Notes Home ~ Welcome ~ Tour the Fair ~ Reactions to the Fair ~ The Legacy of the Fair ~ Notes and Further Reading Copyright 1996 Julie K. Rose http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA96/WCE/legacy.htm 2/11/2003 Boston Daily gubs 5/21/93 IHDLC GUSSIP. TABLE GOSSIP. TABLE GOSSIP. -The Wild Duck left Halifax Thurs- the annual spring concert of the Mr. John H. Holmes and family are at -Rev. Percy S. Grant. who has day for Montreal, where Mr. and Mrs. Harvard University musical organizationsat one of the Bartol cottages at Manchester, cently succeeded Rev. Dr. Winches Malcolm Forbes and party, who had gone on Sanders Thursday night the pretty theatre which Mr. Holmes has rented for the past Donald as rector of the church of the by rail, embarked for Chicago. was crowded. Mr. Wilder made the hit of two seasons. Mr. Harry Holmes, the son. cension, is widely liked, and be has hosts -Departures for Europe, Chicago and the evening in the glee club programme. who is an expert polo player. has some very friends in the clergy and the laity of tl the country seemed to have no apparent The patronesses were: Mrs. Charles W. fine ponies in his father's stable for the city. He was invited to the rectorship effect upou the size of the audiences at the Ehot, Mrs. William E. Russell. Mrs. Claw- season's sport. Grace church. Providence. to become Tremont last week. which big theatre Mr. ford H. Toy. Mrs. John Brooks. Mrs. Edward Mrs. Louise Chandler Moulton 18 tosail assistant rector of St. Bartholomer Willard completely filled at every perform- C. Pickering, Mrs. John Trowbridge, Mrs. for England next Saturday, and will spend church, Now York, and to take the place - ance. Amoug the many society people William Lawrenco, Mrs. W. W. Goodwin June and July in London. After that she assistant under Dr. Phillips Brooks at Tri 30 noted in the orchestra stalls the early part and Mrs. B. F. Goodrich. may go to France and Germany, if the chol- ity. Mr. Grant declined all three invit 18. of the week were Mr. and Mrs. Fran- last performances of the season era is not rampant there. tions in favor of remaining at Fall Rive 11. cis Skinner, who had with them Mrs. of the Brookline Comedy Club took place at Charles H. Gibson, the Montgomory Searses Robert Grant will, as usual, go where he was doing an important WO or Union Hall, Monday and Tuesday even- salmon fishing in Canada for a month and among the mill people, in whom he had at and Darty. Hon. and Mrs. George von L. ings. They were red letter nights truly spend the rest of the summer at Nabant deep interest. Mr. Grant is a Bostonian. 19 Meyer with friends. Mr. C. L. Young and ending up the winter's programme with with his family. He does not expect to do graduate of Harvard, '83, and later of t) y his niece, Miss Fairchild and Darty. Mr. notable eclat. The picturesque little com- any literary work. Cambridge theological school. 18 and Mrs. Prescott Bigelow. Mr. and Mrs. B. edietta, "Apples." was the first piece of- Mr. B. Lang, with 33 members of lion. Henry Cabot Lodge was CO 1- W. Munroe, Mr. Parkman Dexter. Mr. fered. Miss Helen McKay played the the Apollo Club, save a delightful concert spicuous in the distinguished party whic k Harry Gay, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Foote and haughty Lady Rosedale with her usual at the hospital for the incurables at Ash- accepted Mr. W. A. Hovey's invitatic a Mr. Frank Morse. Col. Frank Haven had a finish and charm. She looked exceedingly mont, Tuesday night It was a real labor Tuesday, at the World's fair, to be prese 1 box party Monday night. handsome in a soft pink silk and chiffon of love and highly appreciated. The mudi- at the first test of the new Bell Telephor Florence Howe Hall is in town empress gown with square, open bodica. cians were given asupper by Mr. Lang after microphone. for a short visit with her brother-in-law, Mrs. Everett Moras was a delightfully nalvo the concert. 1 Mr. Anagnos, in South Boston. Mrs. Hall, Richard Mansfield's new yach and pretty Incenue as Betty Tyrrell. Mr. who is Mrs. Julia Ward Howe's eldest Mr. E. A. P. Newcomb made a flying Her Royal Highness. will be in commissio Edward Robinson played the painter in a visit to Buffalo last week in his architec- June 1. Her crow will consist of six mei daughter. has just moved into her new dull, colorless atylo. But the piece tural interests. Mr. Newcomb and his sis- Her cabin is finished in quartered oak. house at Plainfield, N. J. de resistence for which the crowded house ter, who is n most gracious hostesa, are Samuel Carr. Jr., and family go earl Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Cummings and evidently was most expectant was the "Cig- entertaining a large house party over Sun- in June to Manchester for the season. their daughter are at the World's fair. arette from Java." in which Mrs. Briggs dav at their country home, the Two Stacks. The sensation in New York societ: Mr. N. W. Rice of Commonwealth av. and Mrs. Fiske Warren wou fresh triumphs, North Scituate last week was the unexpected announce will occupy the old Bardwell cottage at Mrs. Bricgs earning far and away the The Murray Forbes have left their Beverly this summer, taking possession ment of Miss Amy Bend's broken engage heartiest plaudits of the evening. Both country house near London for a visit to early in June. mout. Not many weeks ago, Mr. A. Lan young women wore the same costumes as Paris. fear Norile gave out the joyful news the Charles Marsh gave a reception when they played in Jamaiça Plain. Mr. Elsa Clark-Cushing has returned he was again engaged. and to a very charm yesterday afternoon at her home on Com. Cram was admirable,as before. but the stage from Paris, and is at the Huntington for ing and beautiful girl. Society at once monwealth av.. which she called a "music setting of the little comedy was far superior. the present. began to wonder if tho engagement would teachers' strawberry festival.' It was really n work of high art. In the Mr. Henry M. Knowles and family of last, for Mr. Norrie has been looked upon as Mr. David Hunt and family go early audience a few of the many were Dr. and Bencon st., who have been delayed in open- tickle. Though to all appearances nearer in the week to their country home, Dawson Mrs. Walter Channing, Mr. and Mrs. Murray lug their cottage at Cohasset on account of marriage than ever before, he is now quite Hall, at Beverly. Kay, Dr. and Mrs. S.W. Langmaid and their repairs and improvements, hope to move as far away from it. G. N. Black and family of Beacon daughter. Mr. Thomas Everett. Mrs. Louise down this week. -Mr. and Mrs. John Jacob Astor gave a at. go to their cottage at Manchester this Chandler Moulton, Prof. J. J. Hayes of Har- Arthur Astor Carey is in Newport. brilliant dinner party Tuesday night at week. vard, Mr. and Mrs. Prescott Bigelow. Mr. Miss Margaret Whitman of Chestnut their house on 5th av., when they were Arthur Austin and his sisters, the and Mrs. Mark Hollingworth, Capt. and Hill is giving lawn tennis parties Friday honored by the presence of his Imperial Misses Austin of Beacon st., took possession Mrs. W. F. Humphreys, Mr T. B. Ticknor. afternoons until the end of June. highness the Grand Duke Alexander of Thursday of the same cottage at Galloupe's John C. Abbot. Jr., Mr. Stephen Spen, Mr. many friends of Mr. Reginald H. Russia. Covers were laid for 20. They Point, Swampscott. which Mr. Austin William Wilder, Mr. James Q. White, Mr. Ward, the New York and Boston stock seated at an oblong table, which was rented last year. Edward Priest and Mr. Walter Dugan. broker, who was taken ill with pneumonia decorated with American beauty roses. Cordelia D. Raynes has disposed The marriage of Miss Ada Eldridge, upon his return from an extended Western The other guests were Mr. and Mrs. Brad- of her residence at 2C Dartmouth et. which, daughter of Mrs. James T. Eldridge of Bea- trip, will he glad to hear that he in steadlly loy Martin. Col. and Mrs. Van Ronsselner with her mother, the late Mrs. Tremlett, con st., and Mr. F. Brown Is to occur June improving. Mr. Ward married Miss Edith Cruger. Mrs. Paran Stevens and Mr. she occupied for 27 years, and has pur- 12. noon. at the First church. The young Newcombe, a daughter of Mr. IL Victor Charles Charper, the grand duke's private chased the estate 838 Beacon St., which people will make their home In the South. Newcombe of Fifth avenue. Mr. and Mrs. secretary. she will occupy with her son. Mr. T. Irem. Arthur Hale of Philadelphia has Ward are much liked socially. and are well might not be a half bad idea for Mr. lett Raynes, and his family, about June 1. been visiting the E. E. Hales in Roxbury. known for the delightful entertaining they F. M. Ware, the late Harry Astor Carey's Oliver Ame3, 2d, and family. who Mr. and Mrs. R. M. Appleton sailed have done. secretary. to whom Mr. Carey's brother has have been occupying the C. A. Kidder yesterday from Havra. They will go at once l'he horses formerly owned by the given all the deceased young man's horses, house on Beacon st. for the past winter, are to their country house at Ipswich on their late R. A. Carey, which became the prop- along with his coach, harness. liveries and about to move into the beautiful summer return. erty of Mr. F. M. Ware, were brought up to appurtenances generally. to institute a home which is just finished for them at The Henry Daltons will be at Matta Boston, where they were sold yesterday. coaching season from Newport to some out- North Easton, designed by Mr. Arthur Rotch. poisett for the summer. President Eliot of Cambridge, who is side terminus this summer. Mr. Carey's Mrs. C. H. Dorr of Commonwealth ay. -Gov. and Mrs. Russell and Lieut.-Gov. a summer resident at Northeast Harbor, coach last summer occasioned what little and her son, Mr. George Dorr, are at their and Mrs. Wolcott were among the guests has been down there the past week mak. stir there was in outside life, and probably estate, Old Farm. at Bar Harbor. Mrs. Dorr at Mrs. William Lawrence's dinner at Cam- ing arrangements IOr the summer. Mr. Ware would find himself well sup- is still in deep mourning for her late hus- bridge. Thursday night. The bishop-elect John E. Thayer is one of the vorted this season. He is an excellent bana, and will consequently spend a very made a very gracious host. stewards of 18second open-air horse show whip. and has the advantage of a fine phys- quietsummer. Samuel A. Green left yesterday to be held in the suburbs of New Yo:k, ical presence. Gov. Russell, accompanied by his for Philadelphia to attend the 150th an- June 5. Mr. Prescott Lawrence, now in -The engagement of Mr. Frederick brother. Col. Harry Russell, Hon. John niversary of the American Philosophical Paris, is one of the directors. Gebhard to Miss Lulu Morris of Baltimore Simpkins, Mr. William Rotch, Mr. Law. Society. He will read a paper there on The Montgomery Searses leave Tues has been reported. As yet there has been rence Tucker, Hon. Robert F. Clark, Mr. Franklin. day for a fortnight in Chicago. no confirmation of the report. Miss Morris Ellerton Lodge, Mr. Arthur Lawrence and Edith aud Miss Belle Hedges, Lucretta Abbot has gone abroad Is a beautiful specimen of young American Mr. C. H. Rollins. were among the more both very pretty girls, are the bridosmaids for the summer. womanhood. daughter of Mr. John B. prominent men at the ball game Monday, at their sister's wedding Wednesday night, -..The engagement BSLouiseConness, Morris of Baltimore, an old-time beau. In Mr. Bryce Allan is at the Hotel au at St. James' church. Roxbury. daughter of Hon. John Conness, formerly of Baltimore Miss Morris has been a reigning Rhin, Paris. -Mr. Andrews and family of Bea- Milton, and Cant. A. E. F. Rich of the Brit- belle, and her hand has been Bought by Attorney-General Oluey, who isslowly con st. go this week to Beverley Farms for ish army. is announced. Miss Conness, who many enthusiastic and ohivairio South- adjusting himself to Washington life, has the season. has many friends in and about Boston, is a erners. leased the rather spacious house of Mr. Mr. L. Ames and family will move handsome. brilliant girl with a highly-culti reception given by Senator and Bergman Macalister-Laughton on H st., out to North Easton Wednesday. May 28 vated mind. Mrs. Brice tohisimperialhighnessthegrand and whatever entertaining he may do will they leave for the World's fair. George Lewis and family of Dor- duke of Russia Thursday night was one be very handsomely done. This is the Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, who 18 now in chester will occupy & cottage at Manchester of the most brilliant affairs yetgiven by the most expensive house yet taken by any of Chicago, will spend the summer at her this summer. Mrs. Lewis is a sister of Mrs. Ohio senator and his wife. Corcoran House, the cabinet. farm near Newport, dividing her time be- Dudley Fay. Senator Brice's residence. was beautifully -Mrs. John L. Gardner, Mrs. Helon tween literary work and private correspond- Bell, Mr. and Mrs. Ellerton Pratt, Mrs. -Rov. John Cuckson of the Arlington decorated. Among the dinner guests were ence. Street church has bought the estate in Way. the British ambassador and Lady Paunce- Philip Wheatland, Mrs. Arthur Foote, Russell Sullivan. after 2 short land which was the country home of his fote. Mr. Justice Horace Gray and Mrs Miss Francesca Lunt and Mrs. William E. holiday at the fair. proposes to remain in or predecessor. Rev. Brooke Herford, and will Gray, Prince Poniatowski. four of the Rus- Fette were among those who offered their near Boston throughout the summer, writ- spend his summer there with his family. sian officers. Miss Herbeit. Mrs. John Town- seisonal congratulations to the venerable ing fiction. Mr. W. S. Appleton and family of Bea- send of New York and Miss Stirling of Bal- d S. Dwight upon his 80th birthday. at Mr. and Mrs. E. C. Graves of the Im- con st. are at their farm in West Newton. timore The grand duko sat at Mrs. Brice's D he rooms of the Harvard Musical Associ- perial are in Denver. They will go to their Mrs. Burke Roche, said by many to right and the British ambassador at her left. t tion, last week. Saturday. cottage at Swampscott on their return. be the handsomest woman in New York, Mrs. white satin, trimmed with r -Col. and Mrs. Sidney M. Hedges have -Dr. and Mrs. Edward Wigglesworth will occupy the Duchess do Dino's villa at black thread lace. A magnificent uara and N ards out for the marriage of their second are Chicago. Newport this summer. As she is very fond necklace of diamonds completed the cos. A laughter, Miss Zaidee Alice, to Mr. Joseph friends and parishoners of Rev. of entertaining. having a large fortune, she tume. A cotilion followed the ball. Tillingbast on Wednesday night of this Edward H. Hall. late pastor of the First can indulge herself 111 this way to any or- Mrs. C. F. Chickening has returned to tl seek at St. James Episcopal church at 8 church. Cambridge, will be glad to hear tent. Newpoit's motto is rapidly becoming town from her visit to Newport. tl 'clock. Rev. Percy Browne will officiate. that he arrived at Rotterdam, May 10, after "Point d'Aigent, point de Newport: taut Mr. and Mrs. I. F. Deland of Mt. Ver- V 'here will be a reception from 8.30 until 10 a fine voyage, in the best of health and d'Argent, tant do Newport." are in Chicago. Col. Hedges' house on Highland st., Rox- spirits. and Mis. Walter Raymond hold Mr. George Abbot James and family ury. The young couple will be at home George von L. Meyers went yes- a reception Monday ut their home on Broad- are at their cottage at Nahant. uesdays, Oct. 10 and 17, on Wren st., West terday to their cottage at Hamilton, in the way in Cambridge. John I. Brewer and family, who oxbury. neighborhood of the Myopia Kennels. alo about leaving for Chicago, will return -Hon. George Eustis, the brother of the Further reproduction prohibited without permission. BEAUTIFUL BAR HARBOR DAYS THE SEASON AT ITS HEIGHT AND SUMMER RESID] New York Times 1857; Aug 27, 1893; ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times pg.12 BEAUTIFUL BAR HARBOR DAYS THE SEASON AT ITS HEIGHT AND SUMMER RESIDENTS HAPPY. Annual Flower Parade of the Canoe Club to Bar Island a Great Success--Fete of the Village Improvement Society-Th Second Dinner Dance - Luncheons and Teas at the Kebo Club-Duck Brook as Popular as Ever-Things to be Seen by the Unfashionable Visitor. BAR HARBOR, Me., Aug. 26. - When the golden- rod blossoms on Mount Desert the tide of Sum- mer life along this picturesque coast has reached its height It has been a busy week for Bar Harborites, but they stand the strain with remarkable fortitude. Friday afternoon the annual flower parado of the Canoe Club took place, and, though the skies were lowering, the rain held off. Every invita tion was accepted, and at least 300 persons salled over to Bar Island to watch the gay flotilla round the point Each of the fifteen or twenty biroh-bark boats was trimmed with Howers-some in green. pink. yellow, blue, and purple, and as they glided over the water and then moored in front of the clubhouse, the sighs was an exceedingly pretty one. Philip Living- ston, as Commodore of the olub. accompanied b5 his wife, lea off in a canoe decked with ferns and sweet peas. There were the usual dancing and light refreshments in the clubhouse, and, just before the dinner hour of Bar Harbor, 7 P. M., the show was over. The annual fête of the Village Improvement Society was held at Alrs. Hasket Derby's Wednesday afternoon. AB the improvement society interests every one, the attendance was large and the result in dollars and cents in pro- portion. The lawn, which slopes down to the water, was dotted with tents. in which could be found things to suit every one's taste. The Maypole and the two quadrilles danced by six- teen pretty girls dressed as shepherdesses and gypeles attracted much attention. The second dinner dance came off Tuesday evening, and was a delightful affair. Handsome women and pretty girls in lovely gowns. men enough and to spare, music, flowers, and moon light were all there. Mrs. William Woodward, Miss Edith Wood ward, and her brother. William Woodward, are the guests of James T. Woodward, at Devil stone. Thirty young people were invited to lunoheon by James T. Woodward to meet DIS niece, and afterward there was a dance to the music of Cheney's Orohestra. Among the guests were Miss Beatrix Jones, Miss Airor Wilmerding, Miss Draper, Miss Elizabeth Lau rence, Miss Alice Strong. Allss Biddle, Miss Tot- free, Miss Pele. the Misses Del Monte. Miss l'ruyn, Miss Alexander. and Miss January. Mrs. George Pendleton Bowler gave a hand- some dinner at Kebo this week. Mr. and Mrs. J. J. Emery, Mr. and Mrs. Pulitzer, Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Barney, Mrs. Frederic Rhinelander Jones, James T. Woodward, Mr. and Mrs. James W. Gorard, Mrs. Wilmerdine, Mr. and Mrs. Ed. mund l'endieton. and Mr. and Mrs. Fry were among the guesta Charles T. How was the host at a dinner at Kebo when Mr. and Mrs. Oliver Harriman, Mrs. Cruger, Miss Minturn, Miss Beatrix Jones. James T. Woodward. Miss Beekman, J. Pierpont Morgan. and Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Draper were Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. BAR HARBOR IS WALKING UP pg-1.F2 New York Times 1857; Aug 6, 1893; ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times pg. 13 BAR HARBOR IS WAKING UP Hamilton J. Orr. Louis A. Gaertner, J. D. Fes- senden. Mrs. Livingston Livingston, Mrs. J. V. Meserole and Mr. A. Meserole, Mr. and Mrs. D. G. Watts and Miss Ethel Watts, Mrs. A. Hamil- ton. Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Flagg, Mrs. J. A. Robin- son, Mrs. Frank Sturgis, Miss Elliot and Miss HOTELS AND COTTAGES FILLING Margaret Elliot Brooklynites at the hotels are Hunter Wykes, UP AS AUGUST DAYS BEGIN. Miss Lillie E. Strain, Miss Alice A. Douglas. J. S. Duffy, F. H. Scranton. and H. B. Vanderour. Cabinet Officers and Diplomatic Lights Among the Visitors Entertained by Resident Social Celebrities-The Kebo Valley Club's Programme for the Month -Dinners and Receptions at the Cot- tages-Many Tfell-Known Names Among the Recent Arrivals. BAR HARBOR, Me., Aug. 5.-it is confidently expected by the hotel keepers here that August will make amends for the dullness of June and July. and the number of arrivals dur- ing the past week would seem to indicate that they have a solid foundation for their belief. Hard times and cool weather undoubtedly have had a good deal to do with the scarcity of guests at the hotels, but another and by no means unimportant reason is that, year by year, fewer people board. A cottage to one's self is preferable, and reliable information shows that more cottages have been rented at Bar Harbor this season than ever before. and several fine ones which were vacant last Sum- iner are now occupied. The stay of the Secretary of the Navy and Miss Herbert was 80 brief that very few knew they were here. The Hon. J. M. L. Curry, late Minister to Spain. and Miss Curry, who are at one of the hoteis, entertained Secretary and Miss Herbert at dinner. Mrs. and Alys Connally, Miss Dennison, daughter of the Postwaster General under Lincoln; ex-Secretary of War Endicott. Dr. Weir Mitchell. Lieut Bucking- ham, commander of the Dolphin, and Naval Aide Word made up the party. Miss Alys Con- nally 18 one of the beauties of Bar Harbor. She and her mother, who is a sister of Mrs. Curry, have a beautiful place at Asheville, N. C., very near George Vanderbilt's estate. Miss Alys has spent a great deal of time in Spain, and during the Infanta's visit traveled with her to Chicago and B&W the fair. The diplomatic element Is represented this season by M. de Souza Roza, the Portuguese Minister: Mr. Le Ghait, the Belgian Minister; Mavroyeni Be the Bultan's representative; and the Marquis Imperiali and Baron Rudini of the Italian Legation. As ai Tresco luncheons and teas, drives, salls, &.c., are more easily managed than formal affairs in bachelors' apartments in. Washington, these gentlemen are frequent on- tertainers. Mr. Le Ghait gave a picnic at Bar Island, one of the many little pine-covered bits of land which dot the waters of Frenchman's Bay. 16 rained, and it rained hard, but the picturesque canoe clubhouse was at hand, and DO damage was doBo. Among the guests were Mr. and Mrs. John Jacob Astor, who came up from Newport on the Nourmanal with B party of friends; Miss Willing, Mrs. Astor's sister: Miss Blight, Mrs. Lispen- ard Etewart, Mr. Charles Sands, and Mr. Barlow Willing. From the Summer colony of Bar Harbor are Mr. and Mrs. B. 8. Howland, who are living in a pictureaque cot- tage called The Bandbox"; Mrs. Clarence Cary, Mr. Frederick Gebhard, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Townsend, Mr. James W. Gerard, the Misses Pauncefote, daughters of the English Ambassador; the Misses Minturn, the Misses Strong, Miss Wordsworth, the Misses Del Monte, typical Bpanish bexuties so exactly alike that one 18 never certain as to which of them one is speaking to; Miss Lulu Morris, the Baltimore belle whose charms are causing Mr. Gebhard to linger here longer than he had planned; Capt. Beaumont, Mavroyeni Bey, M. de Souza Roza, Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Hanover National Bank of New-York, has leased Devilstone," 8 magnificent place on the page 2 of2 DCEAN side of the town. Mr. Woodward, who is a bachelor, gives elegant little dinners and is a felightful host Mrs. Elliott F. Shepard and family are in town. Mr. George Vanderbult and his mother. Mrs. William H. Vanderbilt, are at Point d'Ar- cadie, where Mr. George Vanderbilt came so pear losing his life a fortnight ago. Mr. and Mrs. Frederic Rhinelander Jones and Miss Bestrix Jones are at Keef Point. They have been entertaining the Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Rainsford for a fortnight Dr. Rainsford. preached to very large congregations at pretty BL Saviour's the two Sundays he was here. The Kebo Valley Club will be the centre of a good deal of gayety during the next few weeks. An excellent programme has been arranged by the Board of Managers for August. and it will keep the members busy. There is music at 11 o'olock every morning. and dinners Wednesdays and Saturdays at 7:30, followed by dancing at 9 o'clock Saturday is the most fashionable night A tennis tournament to last & week be- gins on the 7th In addition to the regular prizes, B silver cup valued at $350. to be called the Cottagers' Cup. has been offered by the cot- tagers. A flower parade, theatricals, races, and athletic sports are planned Afternoon teas will be given every Thursday at o'clock, which are presided over by different ladles There are to be children's dances one afternoon a week and whatever else may be evolved that can amuse Mrs. James W. Gerard of New-York gave a luncheon the other das to Mrs. George Pendle- ton Bowler, Miss Carola Livingston, Mrs. Wal- ter Breeze Smith, Mrs. John Amory, Mrs. John Carroll and Mrs. George Robbins, Mrs. J. L Pruyn, Mrs. R S. Bfurgie, Mrs. Janeway, Mrs. Snelling, Mrs. Charles H. Fry, and Mrs. Albert Clifford Barney. Mrs. Reuben Hoyt of New-York gave an ele- gant reception at Hillerest, her beautiful home, perch on the top of 3 pine-covered knoll over- looking the Bay. Mra. Jesse Hoyt and Miss Hoyt, and the Misses Waring. sisters of the hostess. assisted in receiving. Mrs. Hoyt can boast of something that seldom happens at any social function. be it in city or country-the men outnumbered the women Mr. Parke Godwin, whose wife, a daughter of the late William Cullen Bryant, died in June, is settled in his pretty cottage, Meadowridge. Mr. Max Heinrich of Philadelphia. whose especial forte 16 German lieder, is giving a series of song recitals The first at Mrs. J. J. Emery's, and the second at Mrs. A. C. Barney's Thursday afternoon. Mrs. Barney gave 8 young people's dance Monday evening for her two young schoolgirl daughtera Miss Alice Wilmerding, a grand. daughter of ex-Secretary Tracy, was among the half hundred pretty girls present A jolly little picnic was given at Jordan's Pond by Miss Wordsworth for her guest, Miss Van Rensselaer of New-York. Among the party were Mr. and Mrs. Chanler, Miss Amy Bend, Miss Fish, Mr. Le Ghait and M. de Souza Roza. Dr. and Mrs. Seward Webb and family have arrived for a short visit before starting on a .ong trip in their private car. The Nourmahai, with Mr and Mrs. Astor and party on board. left for Newport early in the week. Mr. and Mrs. Astor have entertained very frequently while at Bar Harbor, and their hospitable floating home will be missed. A farewell dinner was given Sunday evening 05 Mr. and Mra. Richard H. Townsend st Aloha n honor of Mr. and Mrs. John Jacob Astor and their guests, Miss Willing. Miss Blight, Mr. Sands, and Mr. Lispenard Etewart Miss Amy Bend, Miss Grace Wilson, Miss McLane. Mrs. 8. a. Howland, Miss Thorndyke, Miss Sturgis, Miss Whittier. Miss Struthers, Mrs. Huidekoper, the Portuguese Minister. the Belgian Minister, Mr. Hitchoock, the Turkish Minister. Mr. James P. Scott. Baron Falon. Marquis Imperiali, and M. de Pret were the others present. Among the many New-Yorkers who have cot- tages here are Mr. and Mrs. Morris K. Jesup. Stone Cliff; Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Kelly, Jr., The Tides: Judge Abraham Lawrence of the New York Supreme Court. Mrs. Lawrence, and Miss Rath Lawrence, Higgins cottage: Dr. H. L. Sheldon and family, Fallsbury cottage: Mr. and Mrs. Calvin Froat and Mrs. A. F. Stout. The Poppies; Mr. and Mrs. John 8. Kennedy and Dr. and Mrs. A. F. Schauffler. Kenarden Lodge: Mr. Gardiner Sherman and family. Higgins cottage; Mrs. Charles D. Smith. Roberts cottage: Mrs. E. T. Snelling and Miss Grace Snelling. Parker cottage No. 2; Mr. and Mrs. George Place, Clo- vercroft; Mr. and Mrs. George A. Robbins. Rob- bins cottane: the Rev. Cornelius B. Smith and family. Rosserne ; Miss Codding, Kim- ball cottage; Mrs. A. R Randolph, The Anchorage: Mr. and Mrs. Howard C. Dickinson. Roberts cottage: Mr. W. P. Draper and family. The Boulder; Mrs. Do Castro, De Castro cottage: Mr. and Mrs. Pierrepont Ed- wards, Eastcote: Mra C. F. Chickering Was- gate cottage: Mrs. Alfred Colville. Norris cotential Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission Boshe Daily Globe 8/6/93 Alrs C. H. Dorr, Miss L. a Minot, Dr Robert Amory, Mr C. T. How and Bishop- elect Lawrence are the Boston members of the Bar Harbor village improvement so- ciety. -It is & tenet of the dressing of a Par- isian woman to wear. first of all, a becoming gown and, second, to make that a stylish one. At the Casino dance at Newport. Mon- day night, the Russians wore Prince Albert coats, with four brass buttons on the skirt and large epaulettes upon the shoulders. Many of the ladies present were beauti- fully attired. Mrs Henry Clews wore a be coming toilet of blue silk, trimmed with bands of oriental embroldery in a darker shade of blue: Miss Elsie Clews was daz- zlingly pretty in pink satin, trimmed with lace and frills of satin: Mrs Duncan Elliot was in pale yellow satin gauze, garnished with yellow ribbons; Miss Hope Goddard's gown was of a creamy riobed silk. worn with a girdle and gloves of black; Miss Katherine Brice, who was a debutante in Washington last season and a great belle, wore a gown of white satin, made after the fashion of 1830. - Miss Ella Robinson of Bavin Hill is to be the guest for two weeks of Miss Alice and Rose Lee. at Conway. where Dr L. M. Lee and family went Friday from Dor- chester. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Samuel G. Ward sweard the 1608 K. Street, N. W. Washington 23 December, 193 DC My dear Mary: I return the interesting letters, with many thanks. It is like a breath out of the very long past, sixty-five years ago; and I can see myself twelve years oldj Exchan happening and all these took place about those times. Old Tom Baring (then young Tome) came along in those days while father was laid up in Park Street (he was near a year getting over the to arrange accident), about the Agency, superb in a blue dress coat and gold buttons - which he always wore buttoned up. wrote with quill pens then and no envelopes and paid 18 cents postage as you will see on the back of the letter. It is an interesting fact that the accident occurred at a time when hatter thought he had retired from business to devote himself to his books and public objects, - But nature and habit, and his own restless activity were too much for him - and he went back to work. I wish we had a good likeness of him in those days. We have had two or three of our household down with grip, but expect to get all straight next week. With Anna's love and mine to you and George, and hoping to see you by that by, Affectionate by S.G.W. 168 Draft 6/16/09 Chap 10 Dorr is one of a dozen who were invited to hear Emerson read a paper on Ralph Waldo Emerson's philosophy, again drawing Dorr deeper into the spirit of the Emersonian centennial and the needs of Harvard's philosophers. Kiep: Dorr's philanthropic efforts were not only directed at the landscape of Maine and the creation of Emerson Hall. He played a central role with two other Harvard alums in establishing and beautifying what would become Harvard's second Yard. Conservation of open space could be realized in both urban and remote environments. The transformation of the muddy banks of the Charles River was part of the "city beautiful movement." George's role in this process begins in 1894 when the Harvard Board of Overseers resolved to develop a plan for the university's growth, and within several years several plans were discussed, including one from architect Charles Follen McKim that connected the Yard to the Charles River. This Riverside area was unattractive, containing modest residences, wharfs, coal yards, storehouses, and a power plant. (B. Bunting, Harvard: an Architectural History (Cambridge: Harvard U.P., 1985), 179; the President's son--a partner in Olmsted, Olmsted, and Eliot--had sketched a plan consistent with the objectives of the Boston park system. also George B. Worn He reacted to this proposal with a March 1902 letter to the alumni calling their attention to the merits of constructing "a wide park-like street connecting [Charles River) parkway with Quincy Square, "providing a "dignified and suitable approach" from the Harvard Bridge to Harvard Yard. ( (Harvard University 1960: An Inventory for Planning (Cambridge: President and Fellows of Harvard College, 1960), 4-4-B; see also Karl Haglund, Inventing the Charles River (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003), 194-205). Harvard had been slow to take an interest in a blighted area that land developers envisioned as an industrial waterfront. Becoming10-0609A.doc Page 14 of 42 2. Regardless of President Eliot's administrative ability, "his writings indicate and Harvard historians have observed, [Eliot was] simply non- architectural." (B. Bunting & R.H. Nylander, Old Cambridge (Cambridge: Cambridge Historical Commission, 1973), 161) He resolved that funding for the acquisition of property would have to come from external sources. Shortly after the death of Mary Dorr, Dorr served as secretary and treasurer of an alumni group that had raised fifty-thousand dollars to expand Harvard's footprint and turn DeWolfe Street into an eighty-foot-wide boulevard to the Charles River, if supplemental funding could be secured from the city, state, and Park Commission. Dorr enclosed an Olmsted Brothers study and Edward Waldo Emerson responded to the circular by offering a contribution while attempting to persuade others that the boulevard concept be included in a more comprehensive plan which included all properties between DeWolfe and Boylston Street. Edward Waldo Forbes, Yankee Visionary (Cambridge: Fogg Art Museum, 1971), 48-81) Over next five years, Dorr and Harvard Overseer and attorney Francis R. Appleton (1854-1929) worked with alumni to raise sufficient funds to justify Harvard's acquisition of scores of properties that separated the Yard from the Charles River. (The Appleton Papers, held by the Massachusetts Trustees of Reservations, contain richly detailed records of Appleton's Harvard College years as well as his alumni leadership in raising alumni funds (B.5.f.10; B. 6. f. 18, 19,40; B.7.f.6) Dorr was primarily focused on access alternatives to the riverfront from the Yard. (Typical are Dorr's two letters to Eliot, November 18 December 27, 1902. Records of the President of Harvard University. Charles W. Eliot. B.36. Harvard University Archives). In time, they aligned themselves with another alumni group headed by the grandson of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Edward Waldo Forbes, who would become Director of Harvard's Fogg Museum in 1909. (The Forbes memoir and commentary Becoming10-0609A.doc Page 15 of 42 3. is available online. Charles U. Lowe, "The Forbes Story of the Harvard Riverside Associates,"Lowell.harvard.edu/house/Forbes/new forbes.html) The brother of Edward Forbes, Cameron Forbes, is credited by Edward with the vision of Harvard's ownership of a large expanse of land from the Yard to the Charles, similar to the Thames riverfront in Oxford. The Harvard Riverside Associates quickly raised more than four hundred thousand dollars by the summer of 1903, and within the next decade they had acquired all but 22 of the 115 properties needed for the creation of the new Yard. ("To Bring Harvard Yard to Charles," New York Times (September 6, 1903), 28; the definitive study of this process is Sharon Cooney's The Harvard Riverside Associates: Land Acquisition South of the Harvard Yard, 1903-1918. Harvard University Archives) In 1913, the Associates turned over their land holdings to the University and construction of freshman dormitories began shortly thereafter. In several years a second Harvard Yard would emerge along the Charles. While the DeWolfe boulevard model was altered by the new administration of President Lowell, concerns that Dorr articulated repeatedly to President Eliot became a reality. Dorr's concerns about the quality of student accommodations and the aesthetics of the property and its means of access had been realized. Although he was only active in the process from 1902- 1907, leadership experience in raising funds, town planning negotiations with Cambridge government officials, and reviewing construction plans for both roadways and campus structures-useful accomplishments as the conservation of donated land became his highest priority. (Dorr to Eliot, May 10, 12, & 16, 1907, June 15, 1907, October 28, 1907. Records of the President of Harvard University, Charles W. Eliot. B.83) For in 1916 he began working with officials from the new National Park Service, not to mention collaborative efforts in parkland development with the extraordinary talented F. L. Olmsted Jr. and John D. Rockefeller Jr. Becoming10-0609A.doc Page 16 of 42 Version 2 plus, 1840. [Bear BrockValley Londs] The central feature of Bear Brook Valley is the broad deep pool of water at the mountain's foot, fringed round to the south and we st by remnants of the ancient forest. This pool was created by the grinding of the massive over- riding ice-sheet as its bobbom layers, with their stone and gravel contents, blocked by the steep uplift of the mountain, bored heavily into the rock below. How deep it may have been when the ice went out, I do not know, for the fde-sheet left behind it, filling the bottom, deep deposits of blue clay, so fine and clear that I have, at the request of artists sent barrels of it to New York and elsewhere for sculpture modelling. This b asin was known in the village in early days as the 'Cedar Swamp' and had so long been a source of supply of C edar for shingling that none of the great,broad-based trees were left, when I first knew it, their slowly rotting stumps alone remaining to tell the tale, with pools of water between them where muskrats lived and herons came and fished as they dited upgradually through the summer. 2. This pool had been for many centuries the home of beaver, as successive dams across its outlet showed. To drain it, for taking out peat for garden purposes thirty-five or forty years ago, it was necessary toblast into the encircling ledge to gain a five-foot depth below the water surface, yet within the pool, not far beyond, I was unable to reach the bottom, thrusting down through the pat and soft blue clay at a depth of nearly forty feet. I placed a dam across the outflow I had obtained by blasting and keeping the basin full as I removed the peat, created a feature of extraordinary beauty, with the forested mountain sides at noon or the sky at sunset reflected from the pool's quiet surface, over which swallows dart in swift pursuit of insects as the daylight fades. 3.0 Around the entire basin, marshland, pool and woods, I built, in the eighteen-nineties at the haight of the bicycling period, what was known as the Bicycle Pathe passing through the midst of one of the rare bits of primeval forest yet remaining and placking given wood road breadth and character, it was widely used for years but did not, as I had hoped it would, lead on to similar construction elsewhere on the Island. Later, after the bicycling period ended, the path became, in its portion along the wooded mountain foot, a favorite walk with mikers older people, and in the fall when the canoe and yellow birches had taken on their golden autumn foliage, my mother used to drâve through it in her light, one-horse open buckboard, taking great pleasure in its beauty, with the sunshine flickering through the leaves; and artists used it as a scene to paint. L.J.R. form Clendenring Ed. Letters of Josh Rogee. u. Chicago, 1970 322 PART III 1888-1900 PART III 1888-1900 323 combines to make one meditative, happy and free of soul. You cannot tell how much good you have done me, and I am sorry that To MARY GRAY WARD DORR, AUGUST I, 1894 it is SO poor a return that I can make. I plan now, under the inspira- tion of your counsel, to make my study of Eckhart fuller and Cambridge deeper, and to enlarge as well as improve my paper before I August I, 1894 publish it, when, as I warmly hope, you will find it worthier of Dear Mrs. Dorr, your kind interest than it has been in its present hastily wrought I have received your last kind letter, and in reply have to say that form. I now expect to reach you by the fast train on Monday, the 6th, I write just before going on to Plymouth. 139 Thank you again reaching Bar Harbor at 5.40. many times for the profit and pleasure of this visit. Give my I shall bring with me some of my Ethical Lectures, and if you affectionate greetings to George, and my thanks for all his care of wish them, or any part of them, you shall have your pick of what me, too, and believe me I am to rcad to you. I shall also bring with mc, as an alternative, a Yours very truly, paper (my latest) on Mcister Eckhart, the first in order of time Josiah Royce. of the German Mystics, whose personal pupil was the well known Johann Tauler. I have prepared a pretty careful study of Eckhart, and I am not sure but you would prefer hearing about him to listening to any of my own poor ethics; for I don't criticize Eck- To THOMAS DAVIDSON, SEPTEMBER 17, 1894140 hart, only portray, narrate, and, in a few passages, translate him, and he is a striking personage. In any case, I don't come wanting to 103 Irving St., Cambridge. read any more of anything than you wish to hear, and you shall Sept. 17, 1894 have whatever fragments of me you want while I am about. For Dear Davidson:- alas! after all, I am but fragments, much as I wish that I were whole. I was sorry not to be able to come; but it was as I expected; the With love and best greetings, summer was very full of engagements. Next summer I will try, Yours very truly, although I do not now venture to promise. Josiah Royce. I have been thinking over my range of possible introductions to see what I could give you on your journey. But really,-whom do I know? I have not travelled abroad since I was a young student (1875-6). I have no closer personal friends amongst Europeans. I To MARY GRAY WARD DORR, AUGUST II, 1894138 have a very slight correspondence acquaintance with two or three German colleagues. But these know nothing of me personally, and Cambridge next to nothing professionally. It would be presumptuous for me to August II, 1894 give you letters to them, when surely, through your already strong Dear Mrs. Door, position abroad, you are certain to find the way to anybody you I reached home, after a very long and refreshing sleep, in good please through some personal friend of his. It isn't that I wouldn't time this morning. I am in every way better for the few delightful gladly give you a letter to anybody, in heaven, earth, or elsewhere days at Oldfarm, where beauty of SO many sorts, outer and inner, if you desired and I knew the person; but I am an utterly obscure 136 TLC. Royce Papers. HUA. 139 Royce read his "Meister Eckhart" to the Plymouth School of 137 Printed in SGE, pp. 261-97. Ethics in August 1894. 138 TLC. Royce Papers. HUA. 140 ALS. Davidson Papers. YUS. QUARTER CENTURY ITS HEAD page lotz York Times 1857; Jun 28, 1894; ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times QUARTER CENTURY ITS HEAD 1894 PRESIDENT ELIOT OF HARVARD HONORED AT COMMENCEMENT, Punches Were Not Allowed in College Rooms and on the Grounds, So It Was the Quietest Commengement for Years-Aiumni Presented Pres- ident Eliot with a Gold Medal- Election of Overseers and Alumni Officers-Parties in the Evening. CAMBRIDGE, Mass., June 27.-The quiet- est and most memorable Commencement Day of the last twenty-five years has end- ed-quiet on account of the absence of the usual punches from the college yard, and memorable because it is the line of de- marcation between the first and second quarter centuries of the service of Charles William Eliot as President of Harvard Uni- versity. The day.. was greeted by favorable skies and the enthusiasm of nearly 2,000 faithful alumni. To those who have witnessed the com- mencement festivities of past years, there has been a complete change in the mean- ing of the word commencement. Hitherto it has meant hilarity and bacchanalian joy; tb-day it has seemed to mean manly so- briety and stateliness. The stimulants of years gone by had dis- appeared, owing to the much-heralded dic- tum of the President and Fellows that here- after no punches or distilled liquors shall be allowed in any college room on Class Day or commencement, and instead of the usual liquors, harmless claret punch, lemonade, and inoffensive beer helped to encourage the heated alumni. Back of University Hall a few of the old graduates, avoiding the letter of the law, had a punch, but the law itself was no- ticeably well observed. Consequently to- night the college rooms and yard are free from any of the usual Commencement Day sights, and even those alumni who were most strongly opposed to the reform are now seemingly converted. Outside of the two things which make the day memorable the '94 commencement has run along in the old-fashioned grooves. In the morning, at 10 o'clock, headed by Gov. Frederick T. Greenhalge, Lieut. Gov. Roger Wolcott, their staff, and the National Lancers as escort, the procession of seniors, in cap and gown, Law School men, and other candidates for degrees slowly marched to Sanders. After prayer by the Rev. F. G. Peabody, the Latin salutatory was deliv- ered by Edward Kennard Rand of Water- town, Mass. The other speakers, with sub- jects, were: Lindsay Todd Damon of Boston, Mass., A Plea for the Philistine." George Burgess Magrath of Milton, Mass., Suggestion," an exposition of hypnotism. John Fogg Twombly of New-York, The Place of Athletics in the University." Orations were delivered by John Rathbone Oliver of Albany, N. Y., The Spirit of the Jesuits," and Macy Millmore Skinner of Boston, Mass., on The Real Sardanapa- lus. The Law School was represented by James Madison Morton, Jr., of Fall River, Mass., The Theory of Inheritance," and the Di- vinity School by Francis Albert Gilmore of Belfast, Me., Proposed Social Reorganiza- Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission page 2 tion and Christianity." After the dissertations and orations sen- the President conferred degrees upon Divinity, 357 and upon members of the and iors Scientific, Dental, Law, Veterinary, were Medical Schools. Honorary degrees given LL. D.-David William Cheever, George John to the following men: Fiske, Horace Howard Furness, Martin Lane, James Bradley Thayer. M. Henry Austin Clapp, Russell Nel- Wheeler A. - Davenport, Edward Beverly son. D. D.-Henry Van Dyke, Grindall Rey- Dr. The Van Dyke, and Dr. Fiske brought nolds. names of Profs. Thayer and Lane, out resounding The degree of Ph. D. was conferred upon applause. sixteen Ph. D.-Charles graduates; Montague Bakewell. Fran- cis Chester, George Amos Dorsey, Gu- Kingsley Ball, John Bigham, Edward Francis Fulton, Willis Hatfield Hazard, Maurice Dyer James Geddes, Charles Charles Burton At- lick, Kofoid, George Edgar Ladd, Hidden Page, Whittemore Norris Robinson, Elliot wood Mather, Curtis Folger Frederick and Arthur Wisswald Weyse. Rogers, the afternoon at 2 o'clock, the most in- teresting From 1 to 2 the yard in front the In part of thecommencementexercises of began. Massachusetts Hall was filled with alumni feeble-backed members of '04. '25 of the college, from the gray- and '30 to of the graduates were voting for headed, the newly-fledged alumnus of Overseers were fanning themselves under Some in Massachusetts, but the ma- the trees jority and watching the procession beginning to form under the direction of Chief Mar- shal F. H. Appleton, '69. The classes gradually fell into line, with the President, Faculty, honorary degree takers, and in- vited guests at the head. The alumni quickly marched through the cheering yard, seniors were congregated, to din- Me- past University Hall, where the morial Hall, where the commencement was served. After half an hour at dinner, ner the meeting was called to order by Prof. Charles Eliot Norton, who made a short introductory address, referring loving- ly to the college as richer and more vigor- ous and bountiful than ever before. Choate of New-York City, who, greeted by Prof. Norton then introduced Joseph H. overwhelming applause and nine Harvard cheers, began his much-anticipated presen- a tation address. Mr. Choate opened with ily to compliment the President to his face. witty reference to his inability satisfactor- President Eliot, he said, had filled the last twenty-five years to overflowing with honest, fruitful, and triumphant work. The speaker contrasted the spirit of 1869 He mentioned President Eliot's advent in with the enthusiasm in the ranks of to-day. the university, a young teacher of confidence science, placed in him by the Overseers of untried. yet honest, and the 1869. The elective system, the standard and dig- of the professional schools, and the nity funds necessary to maintain the dignity of the university have all been raised by him. He has always had at heart Harvard's countersign of Veritas. presented to the President a gold medal and in On behalf of the alumni Mr. Choate then a plain crimson case, amid the applause cheers of the alumni. In reply President Eliot reviewed the his- of his twenty-five years' service. Itwas a tory great privilege to have served the univer- sity so long, he said. The progress of the university was only the transmission of intel- lectual forces long at work in the univer- sity. It is the aspiration of Harvard to lead are immense democracy whose ideals an freedom, brotherhood, and unity. serve vitality. With trembling voice he thanked The the primacy of the university and its President begged the alumni to pre- the alumni for their precious gift. Other speeches were made by Gov. Green- halge, Dr. Van Dyke, and Leverett Salton- stall of the class of 1850. After the dinner, the result of the elec- of Overseers was announced. The fol- lowing toin men were chosen, in order of their votes, for six years: Beaman, '61; Samuel A. Green, '51; William Augustus Hemenway, '75; Charles C. Lawrence, '71; Francis C. Lowell, 'T6. For a term of two years, Edwin P. Seaver, elected. The total number of bai- lots '64, was was 807, with a total vote of 802. Mr. Hemenway received 026 votes. The alumni elected the following officers Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission Alumni to Honor Harvard's President. New York Times (1857-Current file): May 20, 1894; ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times pg.1 Alumni to Honor Harvard's President. BOSTON, May 19.-Twenty-five years ago to- day Charles W. Ellot became President of Har- vard University. When he assum I charge, there were 562 students in the college and 1,097 in the university as of whole; now there are 1,653 and 3,502 respectively. To keep pace with this in- crease there has been a great development in the corps of instruction. Now there are 322 pro- fessors, assistant professors, instructors, and tutors on the rolls of the university; then there were only ST. Then $270. 000 a year paid Har- vard's expenses: this year it takes over $1,000,- 000. Dr. Eliot's anniversary will be noticed by the alumni of the past quarter century, who have raised $2,000 for the purchase of a gold medal which will be given Dr. Eliot at the commence- ment dinner June 27. More Time for Prendergast. CHICAGO. May 19.-Patrick Eugene Prender- gast. murderer of Carter Harrison, will get an- other continuance, probably for ten days or two weeks, when he appears in court Monday for trial as to his sanity. A continuance will be asked for by his attorneys on the ground that they are employed in other cases. and will be en- gaged some time to come, and the State will en- ter no objection. CONDENSED CABLEGRAMS. ROME, May 19.-The Chamber will begin con- sidering Finance Minister Sonnino's financial projects on Monday. Sonnino informed several Deputies to-day that he should adhere inflexibly to his programme, not even abandoning his pro- posal to reduce the interest on the rente. Copenhagen, May 19.-The British steamship Horton, from Nava for Zaandam, put in here to-day. She was slightly damaged in a collision with the German briz. Emma Beug. from Ham- burg for Koka. The Emma Beug aank, and four of her crew were drowned. Berlin, May 19.-The dock laborers' strike at Stettin has been. terminated by mutual conces- sions, and the men have returned to work. Paris, May 19.-The police have discovered 2 plot to explode a bomb in the building in which the guillotine is stored. St. Petersburg. May 19.-The commercial treaty between Austria and Russia has been formally ratified. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission- 21 three children. Resides at encore for my poem of How Mike O'Toole Drove Home his Hearse.' I have regularly contributed a monthly letter from Boston to the Phila- delphia Book News, and I have-had stories, articles, and poems pub- Dec. 11, 1852, at Boston, lished in the Century.' Harper's Weekly and Bazaar, Independent, Y., Aug. 7. 1881. ' New-England Magazine' and other periodicals. I have had a number 884), pp. 16, 17. of poems translated into Russian and published in Russia. I have translated (mostly for Schirmer of New York) nearly three hundred songs A novel entitled ' Not Angels Quite,' published by Lee and literary adviser to the publish- Shepard, last August, drew forth the most amusingly contradictory Ox, at 100 Purchase Street in criticisms I have two volumes of poems all ready for the press : to one. I am sorry to say that one, consisting of songs and sonnets dedicated to the Class of 1874, in hadamanthus to many unhappy honor of our twentieth anniversary, I hoped to have ready for the cen able to recommend a manu- great event; the other is of Vers de Sociéte," and, with illustrations B Fenollosa's beautiful volume by F. G. Attwood, will be published by Estes & Lauriat. I have ny letters I have written, and been industrious enough. and if I served any other mistress but Literature have corrected, Heaven only with the same diligence I think I [should have received some material my duties, every line of Milton, reward; but in the classic words of Wordsworth, I am still 'The others too numerous to mention. poor Dole of scanty peuce," and apparently likely to become, in the filton, Burns, Scott, Byron, Poe, sinister prophetic words of Shelley, Cold Charity's unwelcome Dole.' and during the spare time that my Still I was enabled to go to the Chicago Fair, and had a treatment only G for I was not hurried about exceeded in miraculous commissariat by the prophet Elijah's experience tied, A Score of Famous Com- with the ravens." Is married and has four children his third child, and have also made considerable Margaret Aliona, was born Jan. 26, 1891, and Harold Sanford, was volume, to be called 'Famous born March 30, 1893. Resides at Hedgecote," Glen Road, Jamaica roons and evenings being at my Plain (Boston), Mass. nominal position of principal of England Conservatory of Music GEORGE BUCKNAM DORR. in one or two lectures on English Has not entered any business or profession since graduation. the classes varying greatly, from Writes as follows: My home is still in Boston (18 Common- of the year. I have also lectured in wealth Avenue) ; and an autumn and winter spent upon the Nile, and a pics, giving a course of ten on the spring in the Holy Land, is the only travelling of any special interest that Literature, and this past winter of I have done the last five years." ted by a course of five or six reade JAMES DWIGHT. Writes as follows: 66 Live at 225 Beacon Street, Boston, one half ginality in Art and Literature' a Haverhill, Lynn, Medford, and the year and at Woods Holl, Mass., the other half. Have four children an Authors' Readings and got an living. Ruth, born Jan. 18, 1891, Philip Joseph, born March 16, 1892, Correspondence of was am James. Vol. 7. 1999. 48 September 1894 Eds. E. Berkeley and September 1894 549