1913 1914 Charles W-Eliot Maine legislative effort to new one HCTPR status. -MDI82-founding (see Showhload, mather, p.169) I Himans Property map Publication proverting Seal Harbor VIS report (8/20)59) establesnet of LNP(Seligman) - Charles Simporm begins work for JDRIr - Dana letter (10/12)to Jr. H.W Smyth (8/23), copper about of appreciation forted tactor deed automobile on MOT -GBD's with on two trails, - Kabahdu Forest Reserve Bill for N.P. status. lee Rolde. Three years before SMM letter (2/25) 15 from CWEliot Jr. A Hora of UDI by Johnson ("The islands ) - Character definiting Trails First Public Annowent of Plato -Hadleyp 11-page rejoinder to form ANP. current II "bouldaree of ANP," -Establishment of Seel Co. incl. Jr.'s involved beg. in 1914 (12/15) -Erat to Houston re qual of GBD+ advocate it Desect UP. (3/13) -Eliotto Pres Wilson (4/14) commandy 6BO and plan for smm. -Death of John Huir(1838-1914) - -Death of S.W Mitchel(1829-1914) ITS ORIGIN AND BACKGROUND 19 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK telephone rang and, answering it, I found on the line Mr. Harry Lynam, my friend and legal assistant at Bar Harbor, who said: Its Origin and Background "Mr. Dorr, I think you will wish to know that a group of them down here have got together and have introduced a bill in the State Legislature, now just convened at Augusta, to annul the charter of our Trustees of Public Reservations corporation." GEORGE B. DORR Answering, I said: "I will take the train down to Augusta to- night. Meet me there tomorrow and we will see what can be done." Arriving at Augusta, I went straight to the Augusta House, where, during sessions, practically all members of the Legislature make their home, the hotel becoming in effect a club where the members meet and talk together, visiting about from room to room, when the Legislature is not in session or committee meetings being held. As it chanced, my friend, the Hon. John A. Peters of Ells- worth, was Speaker of the House that year. He had aided me pro- fessionally in various matters at Bar Harbor and I knew him well. I told him what had brought me down and he took the matter up at once with interest, realizing its importance. He made me at home in his rooms at the hotel, where his friends and members of the House came to talk the business of the sessions over, and to- gether, at other times, we went about ourselves and visited leading members who might have influence in our matter. In fact, we made a most thorough campaign of it, winning friends and votes so that PRINTED BY BURR PRINTING CO. when, ten days or SO later, our bill came up for hearing the action BANGOR. MAINE of the committee on it was a foregone conclusion. 1942 At the beginning of January, 1913, I was at my home in Bos- The representative from Bar Harbor, questioned by the Com- ton, with every intention of spending the winter there, when the mittee, had himself no good word to say for the measure, stating 20 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK that he had not entered the bill of his own initiative but at the request of others, and added that, personally, he did not favor it. In bringing about the defeat of this measure, much water had flowed beneath the bridge since I came down; it had been a new experience to me and made me realize on how unstable a basis our Reservations rested. Returning that night to Boston, I thought it over as I lay awake and decided that the only course to follow to make safe what we had secured would be to get the Federal Government to accept our lands for a National Park, deeming them well worth it. In the morning, having breakfasted, I went out to Cambridge to see President Eliot and tell him what had happened - for as yet he knew nothing of the matter nor the danger that had threatened. I told him also of the thought of how to meet it that had come to me that night as I returned. President Eliot was at first opposed, being naturally of a mili- tant mind, and said that we could meet such attacks as they arose, as the University had done when the city of Cambridge under- took to tax its lands and buildings. To this I replied that the cases were widely different; that the University had back of it a great and influential body of alumni, while in our case if Mr. Lynam had not been on the watch and let me know what was going on and I had not been able and willing, dropping all else, to go down to Augusta and, with Mr. Peters' friendly assistance, defeated the at- tack, all, even now, would have been lost. He thought a while, then said: "I believe you are right! When will you go on to Washington?" It is here that the story of our National Park begins, born of the attack upon our Public Reservations' charter. EPORTS, CONSTITUTION, BY-LAWS AND LIST OF MEMBERS - G.B.D. in 1913. OF CENTURY ASSOCIATION FOR THE YEAR 1918 New York The knickerbocker press 1918 Original from Digitized by Google UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN C Extracts of Letter from Fred C. Lynam to George B. Dorr. January 6, 1913. George B. Dorr, Esq., President, Mt. Desert Transit Company, 18 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Mass. Dear Sir: Some time ago you stated that a request had been made that I should make up a list of the properties owned by the Mt. Desert Transit Company, estimate their values, and perhaps make some recommendations with reference to their disposition. With this in view I beg leave to submit the following: Athletic Field and Adjacent Property. Bar Harbor, Maine. This embraces substantially the property bounded on the north by Livingston Road, on the east by Main Street, on the south in part by Cromwells Harbor Brook and Road and in part by land of Edgar Scott, and on the west by line drawn from Cromwells Harbor Road to Livingston Road about 85 feet west of Ash Street. It will be seen that there is some land north of the Livingston Road with an irregular north line belonging to the Transit Company. To arrive at an approximate value of this tract of land I have made certain divisions. First Division. The property between School Street and Ash Street I have marked off into lots 100 feet square. Say twelve lots at $500. per lot, $6,000. C George B. Dorr, Esq., -2- Second Division. The property west of Ash Street I have divided into lots 85 ft. X 100 ft. There would perhaps be seven lots at $400. per lot, $2,800. Third Division. The part of the property south of Livingston Road and between School Street and Main Street, now occupied in the season for a base ball, foot ball, and cricket field. Should this tract be divided into lots it would make about eighteen lots, each 100 ft. X 115 ft. in size, at say $600. per lot, $10,800. Fourth Division. The lots north of Livingston Road, a part of which is now occupied by the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. tennis courts, may be worth $2,000. A total for the whole property which we have called Athletic Field and Adjacent Property $21,600. The prices made on all of these small lots are low. The prices suggested are for the lots on an average. Some are worth more and some are worth less in accordance with their location in the different divisions. Referring especially to the third division, and perhaps I should include also a part of the fourth division, it would seem a regrettable necessity that would demand the selling of this property in small lots for the building of comparatively small houses. It would materially affect the desirability of the C Extracts of Letter from Fred C. Lynam to George B. Dorr. January 6, 1913. George B. Dorr, Esq. President, Mt. Desert Transit Company, 18 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Mass. Dear Sir: Some time ago you stated that a request had been made that I should make up a list of the properties owned by the Mt. Desert Transit Company, estimate their values, and perhaps make some recommendations with reference to their disposition. With this in view I beg leave to submit the following: Athletic Field and Adjacent Property. Bar Harbor, Maine. This embraces substantially the property bounded on the north by Livingston Road, on the east by Main Street, on the south in part by Cromwells Harbor Brook and Road and in part by land of Edgar Scott, and on the west by line drawn from Cromwells Harbor Road to Livingston Road about 85 feet west of Ash Street. It will be seen that there is some land north of the Livingston Road with an irregular north line belonging to the Transit Company. To arrive at an approximate value of this tract of land I have made certain divisions. First Division. The property between School Street and Ash Street I have marked off into lots 100 feet square. Say twelve lots at $500. per lot, $6,000. George B. Dorr, Esq. -3- Kennedy Estate opposite. It would mar the fine outlook from Lower Main Street in which the Athletic Field now plays so important a part. Moreover the fact must be emphasized that all of the building lots suggested in the above divisions would be purchased by year round residents. The demand for such property is limited. Already there are in the market more desirable house lots than purchasers. The increase of popul- ation of permanent residents in the town according to the last census was but 62 in ten years. This fact does not necessarily reflect upon the prosperity of Bar Harbor, but is in consequence of its being a summer resort. I should question if it would be a good business proposition to place on the market more than those lots mentioned in division first and second, and perhaps a few lots in division four. The value of these lots and their salability would be greatly enhanced by maintaining a part of the property as a permanent park. Yours very truly, Fred C. Lynam Treasurer. THE BAR HARBOR RECORD WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 9-9, 1913 DESIGNS FOR PULITZER THE MT. KATADIN RESERVATION NEWHOPE FOR THE CLAM RIZE ON VIEW IN LIBRARY George B. Dorr, In Boston Herald Connecticut's Success With the 50,000 WINNER FOR PLAZA Mt. Katahdin, described in the lat. fractory Bivalve est Geological Society's report upon man Statue Will Be Moved and it as the grandest mountain in New By H. M. SEDGEWICK England, is a vast block of ancient East 59th Street Park En- granite round which the Penobscot trance Remodelled river flows in northern Maine, divid- For the first time in the histor ing at its base. Isolated by the the world, clams have been gi river valieys which enclose it, with when transplanted. The experir 1e five designs submitted to the massive forest-clad shoulders and begun last fall on an immense ph Pulitzer fountain competition deep basins left by ancient glaciers at Block Island, has succeeded honors of which were awarded between them, it faces boldly south- its success is a matter of world- Carrere & Hastings, have been ward, rising to the height of a full importance. The achievement vn at the Public Library. The mile above the distant sea and mak- a direct bearing upon the sca of $50,000 was left by Mr. Pu- ing one of the most striking land- of food, the world over and a r for the fountain to be placed scape features in the East. Around more direct relation to the disapp he 59th street plaza at the en- it upon every side, and stretching un- ance of the clam in this country, cc to Central Park, in New brokenly from it to the Canadian ticularly in the regions where it : city border, lies the greatest natural fish once frequent. hers in the competition were and game preserve in eastern North Civilization, manifested in a Kim, Mead & White, Arnold W. America; around it also lies one of of forms, has driven the clam nner, H. Van Buren Maganigle the best watered lake regions in the its old haunts till it is a rare o John Russell Pope. world. of great extent. linked by de- between Maine and Pennysv lightful waterways and wooded to the Farther to the north and to the speaking of the design submit- by his firm, Mr. Hastings said water's edge. it is still obtainable, but it bad as the problem of circulation at Wild as this region still seems, the to become a luxury nearly as plaza entrance to the park was destructive tide of human life is sea duck, till the success of th e greatest importance, that phase swiftly mounting into it, and to periment which has been repo he question had to be kept con- save the beauty of this noble moun- State Senator Franklin L. H tly in mind It required, he tain, protecting its forests from waste author of a number of invention ared, practical provision for the ful cutting and the deen-burning fires have revolutionized the oyster ement of vehicles as well as that inevitably follow it upon such shellfish industry, had charge O: strians. Economy was another rocky slopes to protect the wild lite experiment. He is president er which had to be taken into of the region and create a great re American Oyster Company. sideration also, as well as the serve which will supply the neighbor- whose auspices the work was att ing regions as this life becomes ex- ed. gn for the fountain, in case the should not be of a wmind to act hausted there: and to maintain the Great Fresh Pond, on the we even flow of a great navigable river nce in changing the plaza. shore of Block Island. was sei with important opportunities for ne winning design calls for a for the experiment, the first, o water power upon it, Mt. Katahdin park space in the middle of large scale of the kind. The should surely be included among the present plaza. This will take ernment experiments into the great park reserves which the feder- he small plot just north of the ject have been in cramped quz government is now making with derbilt house at 58th street. as and have never succeeded wise foresight in the East and whose as the plot in which the Gen- control of the pond, which has 3, relation to the great centres of popu- Sherman monument stands. But frost of about four miles. was lation in the country and their needs 180 includes a large area of the ed the town meeting vote from must give them in the future an im- ent wide stretch of asphalt. This Shoreham, the town name of the mense importance. e will be divided by 53th street ony of Block Island, New Shor bill for this purpose is now before having meantime secured these and each plot will be of equal the national House of Representa- natona Around the plot will vileges from Rhode Island by tives, awaiting action Introduced space for traffic of equal size Intive grant. One of the difficia Representative Guernsey of Maine ill aldry. A balustrade will In- in profecting the experiment has It has the full endorsement of the cach on the Inside of which the Impossibility of securing state and. important to our whole garden plota and on the out- sized shore front for the purpo eastern country 28 the opportunity Investigating The which * 111 be a aldewalk cry has 1st this bill should have the indorse nfal trees are called for fably gone up that the native ment also, and the best assistance. design. disert must be protected and *111 surround all who recognize the great. DICS- not lear his Hyellhood and the ont of conserving ics. "an no: purchased from of and Plantine the Clams bushels C. 1916 974." / (2 CI c.l FIRST PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT ACAD HISTORY OF THE PLAN TO FORM A NATIONAL PARK UPON MT. DESERT ISLAND TAKEN FROM THE EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE AMERICAN SCENIC AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION SOCIETY NEW YORK 1913 THE Society has been consulted recently with regard to the generous purpose of summer residents upon the coast of Maine to offer the Federal Government in the near future a superb tract of land for a National Park on the beautiful Island of Mount Desert, where the grand coast scenery of the region culminates and whose early discov- ery and occupation by the French confer on it except- ional human interest. Mount Desert Island, which is about thirteen miles wide by sixteen long, is a boldly uplifted mass of ancient rock lying off the central part of the Maine coast in latitude 44° 25' north and longitude 68° 20' west. It is enclosed on either side by noble bays and diversified remarkably by mountains, lakes and inlets of the sea, the highest eleva- tion on it, Green Mountain, being 1,527 feet high. It is famous as a summer resort. A few years ago a group of summer residents there incor- I AMERICAN HISTORIC PRESERVATION SOCIETY AMERICAN HISTORIC PRESERVATION SOCIETY porated themselves under the title of the Hancock County gether with the lakes and marshes and the one deep fiord Trustees of Public Reservations, with the object of ac- on our Atlantic coast which lie among them. The comple- quiring and holding for the public lands important to it tion of this purpose will create a wild park of remarkable on Mount Desert Island and in the region round about beauty, unique character and great variety of landscape it. President-emeritus Charles W. Eliot of Harvard Uni- feature, and one that will afford exceptional opportunity versity became president of the Association and Mr. for wild life protection. George B. Dorr of Boston, vice-president and executive To assure the permanence of such a park, and place it officer; while such men as Bishop William Lawrence of under a control whose ability to take full advantage of the Massachusetts, Dr. S. Weir Mitchell of Philadelphia, and opportunities it offers and whose sole interest in the public Messrs. John S. Kennedy, David B. Ogden, Henry Lane good shall be established on the surest footing, it is pro- Eno and Dr. Robert Abbe of New York City have taken posed to convey it to the Federal Government as a gift active interest in the Association's work. to the Nation. From the National point of view, this is The Association now holds between 5,000 and 6,000 acres an opportunity of unusual advantage. The mountain upon the Island in one continuous reservation, including range on the Island is not only exceedingly bold but its its highest mountain peaks and the greater portion of mountains are the only ones south of Labrador on the the water-shed of the lakes between them from which Atlantic coast, with the exception of a few lower peaks the water supplies of its residential parts are chiefly drawn. such as the Gouldsboro and Camden Hills - in its vicinity. The area also includes much forest land, with deep valleys From the higher summits of these mountains one looks which offer admirable shelter for wild life, open marshes out over forty or more miles of sea to the horizon. while and pools suitable for wading and aquatic birds, streams the ancient granite masses which compose them have on which beavers formerly built their dams and which been shaped by ice-sheet grinding into forms of striking would make fit homes for them again, and the best oppor- picturesqueness. tunity along the whole Maine coast for preserving and In view of the unique landscape character and excep- exhibiting the native flora. The latter comprises, besides tional beauty of the tract intended; in view of the fact that characteristic trees and shrubs, interesting plants and wild no other opportunity for the establishment of a national flowers which - like the Mayflower and the wild orchids park upon our North Atlantic coast is ever likely to pre- of the region - are liable to be exterminated as the coast sent itself, or can so favorably; and in view of its accessi- becomes more thickly settled unless protected in such bility by land and sea from the great eastern centers of shelters. population and the rapidity with which these centers are As opportunity to do so at reasonable cost shall offer, the growing and the wild regions of the country losing wild- Association hopes to increase its ownership till it includes ness, it can scarce be doubted that the Government will the whole range of Champlain's "Monts deserts," from avail itself of the generosity of the donors and accept the twelve to fifteen miles in length, which extends across the splendid gift when it is offered. Island - offering magnificent views of sea and land to- 2 3 OFFER TO THE GOVERNMENT May 3, 1916. : To THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR, THE HONORABLE FRANKLIN K. LANE, Washington, D.C. SIR: On behalf of the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations, State of Maine, I have the honor to offer in free gift to the United States a unique and noble tract of land upon our eastern seacoast, for the establishment of a National Monument. The tract offered is rich in historic association, in scien- tific interest, and in landscape beauty. And it contains within itself the only heights that immediately front the open sea with mountainous character upon our eastern coast. It contains also, owing to past glacial action and its own variously resistant rocky structure, an extraordinary vari- ety of topographic feature which unites with the climate caused by the surrounding sea to fit it beyond any other single locality in the East for the shelter, growth, and per- manent preservation of a wide range of life, both plant and animal. It forms a striking and instructive geologic record. And it constitutes the dominant and characteristic portion of the first land, Mount Desert Island, to be visited, described and named by Champlain when sailing under De Monts' orders in exploration of the New England coast. The papers I inclose herewith explain in detail the thought and purpose of the offered gift, with the reasons which have led us to the conviction of its exceptional public value and worthiness to be accepted. I remain, Sir, with respect, Sincerely yours, GEORGE BUCKNAM DORR 4 Charles W. Eliot to David F. Houston Cambridge, Mass., March 13, 1913. Dear Mr. Houston: May I present to you my friend Mr. George B. Dorr of Boston and Mount Desert, who proposes to seek an interview with you to discuss the practicability of converting a large portion of the area of the Island of Mt. Desert into a national park. I have been familiar with the beauties and needs of that island for forty-seven years and have a summer residence there, and find Mr. Dorr's project a reasonable and a beneficent one. Mr. Dorr is a man of great public spirit, and gives a large part of his time to promoting the intellect- ual and material interests of Bar Harbor and the beautiful island on which Bar Harbor is the largest resort. He has strong interest in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and landscape architecture, and has much practical knowledge on every one of these subjects. His interests, however, are not at all commercial. His object is always to make good use of these applied-science subjects in the promotion of the public welfare. 2. (September 16, 1910) TO see me a great pleasure yesterday. You gave already made of the reservations, and the the promise progress in the immediate future, was a great satisfaction. Sincerely yours, Charles W. Eliot. 4 18 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston. March 15th, 1913. Henry L. Higginson, Esq., Boston, Mass. Dear Mr Higginson, I an going over a mass of old family letters belonging to the time of my great grandfather, william ward of Salem, and my grandfather Thomas wren Ward of Boston, ship captain, merchant, and for many years Barings' agent in America - in which office he was succeeded sixty years ago by my uncle, Samuel Gray ward. My grandfather kept up a private correspondence with Mr Bates, of Barings' firm with whom he had an intimate personal friendship dating back to early Salem days - from 1829 to the time of his 1858 death in [1857] Mr Bates' private letters to him, for most of this time, I have; my grandfather's similar letters to Mr Bates I also have, with certain gaps, in letter press copy. Matters of political, social and economic interest were discussed between them in these letters, making them valuable studies now in the history of their time and the thought of the period. These old letters, in original or copy, I want to lodge -- with what sidelights on them I can fur- nish -- in part with the Massachusetts Historical Society and in part at the Library of Harvard College, in which my grandfather took great interest as college treasurer and an active member of the corporation. And some of them, of historic interest, either I or the Massachusetts Historical Society will publish for students in the history of that time. 2 My grandfather intended to use the material contained in his various personal correspondence for writing a history of his period- as he tells in one of his last letters to Mr Bates - but died soon afterward and much of the material for this which he then had was destroyed, among it the letter press copies of the letters he wrote to Mr Bates from 1834 to 1839, which I greatly need in order to com- plete these letters' story of the time. Do you suppose that there is any possibility of my grandfather's original letters of period amoung the being still extant England. There would be nothing in them of a character to make it desirable they should be kept private now, nor did my grandfather regard them as containing material that might not be used even in his own day. And if these letters of his to Mr Bates have also got destroyed, do you think there would be any possi- bility that my grandfather's letters to Barings' House, touching upon the political and business matters of the period, could be obtained. They would enable me to complete my own study of the time and be valuable for future students. One thing more, my grandfather frequently referred to various other American houses of that time, with whom he had business or friendly relations, by their numbers in Messrs Barings' books, while at other times using their own personal or firm names. It would help me greatly in my work if I could obtain the names corresponding to the se firm numbers used by Dr Bates and my grandfather, partly by connecting the names and numbers in the correspondence and partly by enabling me to seek here for other letters of the period among our friends. For any assistance you can give me in regard to this, or suggestion you can make, I shall be most grateful. Believe me to remain, as always, Yours sincerely, [GBD] PROFILE REGARDING: Charles P. Simpson (1848-1928) Charles P. Simpson, son of Paul and Hannah (Dyer) Simpson, was born in Sullivan, Maine September 19, 1848. His paternal grandmother was Hannah Sullivan, daughter of Daniel Sullivan for whom the Town of Sullivan was named. The Simpsons and Sullivans were among the earliest families to settle the town in the 1750's. Charles was the third generation and youngest of five children, the four older children were girls. His father, Paul, died in August 1849 when Charles was not quite a year old. A great deal of his early education and learning was taken over by his mothers' brothers, Asa, Herrick and Ephraim Dyer, who lived in Sullivan until the late 1850's and early 1860's. The Dyer brothers left Sullivan to find work in the West (Nebraska, Nevada and California). In 1868, Charles left Sullivan to join his Dyer uncles in the Western states. He was tutored in engineering by his Uncle Herrick who was doing land surveying in California. Uncle Herrick eventually became County Surveyor in Alvarado, Calif. After a few years in California and Nevada, Charles settled in Nebraska where he invested in a saw mill and also did land surveying. He was part owner in the saw mill/lumber yard with his brother-in-law, Ed Austin, who had married his sister Helen. The Austins had also left Sullivan to find work in the West. In 1874, Charles married Mary Walworth from Zanesville, Ohio, and they had three children by the time they returned in Sullivan in 1880. Charles set uo his own engineering and surveying office in Sullivan, and through the next forty years or SO he worked throughout Hancock and Washington Counties doing many types of engineering which included: property surveying, road construction, surveying for the railway line between Ellsworth and Machias. Between 1886 and early 1900's he surveyed many properties on Mount Desert Island (the Kebo Valley Golf Course in 1887, private property in Northeast Harbor and Seal Harbor) and others. He began working for John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in 1913, and worked from the very beginning with Mr. Rockefeller in building the first Carriage-Horse Roads around Mr. Rockefeller's Seal Harbor property. Charles continued as Mr. Rockefeller's engineer until he became ill in 1922. (He was then seventy four years old) Charles' son, Paul took over the engineering work for Mr. Rockefeller and continued as the chief engineer until 1940. Charles was eighty years old when he died in 1928. see 1922 i Paul D Singson PROFILE REGARDING: Paul Dyer Simpson (1876-1963) Paul Dyer Simpson, son of Charles P. and Mary (Walworth) Simpson was born in St. Paul, Nebraska March 10, 1876 while has father was working for several years in the Western states. Paul's early education was in the Sullivan schools and he graduated from Sullivan High School in 1894. He then worked with his father in the engineering/surveying field until the Spanish American War. He enlisted and served with K Company, First Maine Regiment, most of the time of several months spent in Georgia. Returning home following the war, Paul entered the College of Engineering at the University of Maine in 1899 and graduated in 1903 with a degree in Civil Engi- neering. Following graduation he served one year as a graduate assistant in the Civil Engineering Department working under Dr. Harold S. Boardman, Dean of the College of Technology. Leaving the university in 1904, Paul was employed by the United States Reclamation Service, Department of Interior, and worked as District Engineer for the next eight years in the Western states. The Reclamation Service was involved in conducting geological surveying, irrigation and water supply, and many other government projects on interstate canals. This was new territory for our government and many people from the East were settling "out West.' Paul was considered an outstanding water resource authority during his work with the Reclamation Service. He also played a major role in the development and settlement of the western states with the work he did with irrigation, building dams, and reclamation data as a government engineer. Paul returned to Maine in 1912 and for a while worked with his father in his engineering office at Sullivan. He later was City Engineer for the Towns of Augusta and Bangor, and also worked for the Maine State Highway Commission. He later began assisting his father with the engineering work on the Rockefeller Estate in Seal Harbor, and when his father became ill in 1922, Paul succeeded him as Mr. Rockefeller's engineer on the building of the carriage roads and bridges. He was chief engineer on all aspects of the carriage road construction through to 1940 when the work was completed and Mr. Rockefeller turned the majority of the carriage roads and bridges over to Acadia National Park. Paul continued his engi- neering work in private practice, but remained as a consulting engineer to the Rockefeller family until he retired in 1954 at the age of 78. During the World War II years Paul worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as a construction engineer while the Air Force Bases were being built in Bangor and Limestone, Maine. Paul was 87 years old when he died at Seal Harbor in 1963. Su 1973 ié Charles Simpson Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record Page 1 of 2 Reclark Quin's AMERICAN MEMORY of CONGRESS Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record (If noted, names of historians, or other compilers, and date are noted in the data pages.) photo caption pages color transparencies data pages Acadia National Park Motor Roads, Acadia National Park, BAR HARBOR VICINITY, Hancock County, ME Data page 15 of 50 Turn to data page PREV DATA PAGE I NEXT DATA PAGE 15 Back to catalog record LC-HABS/HAER Home Page I Highest Resolution Image (Compressed TIFF-47K) ACADIA NATIONAL PARK MOTOR ROADS HAER No. ME-11 (Page 14) the Indiana whose paths they used. This vision was rooted in it economic opportunity, and although before the middle of the nineteenth century it involved the transportation and exchange OE natural resources, after this period it shifted to take advancage of the rise of tourism on the island. Summer vacationers, on the other hand, arrived on Mount Debert with preconceived notions concerning road use. For them, roads and the growing number of automobiles represented both the city they were trying escape as well as a direct threat to the isolated beauty of the ialand. It was these two competing visions, one of summer residents and the other of year-round locals, that George Dorr tried to mediate in GBD's this clash of 1909. Although the 1932 ceremony dedicating the Cadillac Mountain Road successfully concealed these divisions behind a cheering crowd, a spirited band, and a number of supportive speeches, they still lurked about as Dox: and Rockefeller's son snipped the ribbon that would officially open the new road. THE BSTABLISHHENT OF ACADIA NATIONAL PARK The repcal of the automobile ban in 1913 failed to leasen the community tonsions that had bubbled to the surface during the preceding decade, If anything, the revocation heightened them. 1913 revoration Repeal of tensions. auto "heig there for In response a number of wealthy summer residents, including George Dorr and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. took independent action. While these actions were shaped by the social contention community have of the past, they were also important for the future of Mount Desert Inland. In establishing what would become Acadia National Park and by constructing carriage roads within it, both Dorr and JDR Rockefeller laid the foundation of their shared vision concerning the relationship between motor roads and the park. Little did GBU vision they know, however, that this vision, like the automobile ban of a decade earlier, would also be challenged, "shared road tpa The Carriage Reads of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. The repcal of the automobile ban in 1913 alarmed John D. required Rockefeller, Jr. Having recently bought a 150-acre estate on Barr Hill above Seal Harbor, he was concerned that the incroduction of cars to Mount Desert Island would threaten the tranquillity he had worked so hard to achieve. 'One of the things that attracted Mrs. Rockefeller and me most to Mount Dosert Island scme twency years ago was that there were no motors on the ioland," Rockefeller told the editor of the Bar Harbor Times. "I greatly deplored the pressures to open the island roads to motors, and was one of those who opposed their admission to the last.' In many respects this aversion to the car was "Undated and untitled article by Bar Harbor Times editor Albion Sherman, folder 1079, box 109, RG 2, OMR, Rockefeller AMERICAN MEMORY CONGRESS Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record (If noted, names of historians, or other compilers, and date are noted in the data pages.) color transparencies data pages photo caption pages Acadia National Park Motor Roads, Acadia National Park, BAR HARBOR VICINITY, Hancock County, ME Data page 16 of 50 Turn to data page PREV DATA PAGE NEXT DATA PAGE 16 Back to catalog record I LC-HABS/HAER Home Page I Highest Resolution Image (Compressed TIFF -45K) ACADIA NATIONAL PARK MOTOR ROADS HAER No. MI-11 (Page 15) indicative of Rockefeller's broadar suspicion of modern society. "I believe Mr. Rockefeller had a gertuine diacaste for the garish advances of civilization," wrote National Park Service Director Horace m. Albright of his personal friend. "60 he took every opportunity he felt possible to step in and save his fellow humans from the onslaught of the crippling effects of an industrial society." Rockefeller himself admitted as much, stating that he "would like to see Mount Descrt Island invaded as little by modern standards of life as possible. It is in direct response to this 'invasion' that Rockefeller began building carriage roads. In many ways Rockefeller's childhood prepared him well for his carriage road projects on Mount Desert Island. As a young boy he had helped his father develop the carriage road system at che Family's summer estates, first at Forest Hill just outside Cleveland and then in Pocantico Hills when the Rockefellers moved to New York City, It was during these years that Rockefeller learned the finer points of laying out a road and refined his own landscape philosophy. At Pocantico Hills, for instance, his roads tended to follow the contours of the land whenever possible and nought out views which provided a sequence of experiences that reflected what Rockefeller felt were the best features of the land. Many of the carriage roads he built on Mount Deport Island were of aimilar design. when the family moved to New York City in 1875, frequent ridea in Central Park also began to affect Rockefeller's thoughts concerning carriage roade, yet here the influence was social rather than technical. When the Rocketellers arrived in New York, Central Park was nearly completed. Its construction had begun after wealthy carriage owners, fearing that the expansion of the city northward would deprive them of rustic nites for leisurely carriage drives, successfully lobbied the state legislature for a new park in the center of Kanhattan. Even the final layout of the park appears to have been designed primarily with elite carriage owners in mind. In order to ensure uninterrupted carriage riding, park designers Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmeted banned omnibuses, hacko, and street Family Archives, RAC. "Horace M. Albright, Diaries. Personal collection of Marion Schenk, studio City, California, quoted in Roberts, 6. to Charles K. Savage, 17 May 1955. folder 1078, box 109, RG 2, OMR, Rockefeller Family Archives, RAC. "For Rockefeller's experience in road design at Forest Hill and Pocantico Hills, see Roberts, 11 & 293. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=hhdatapage&fileName=me/me0200/me0235/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=1... 6/10/2002 AMERICAN MEMORY of CONGRESS Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record (If noted, names of historians, or other compilers, and date are noted in the data pages.) color transparencies data pages photo caption pages Acadia National Park Motor Roads, Acadia National Park, BAR HARBOR VICINITY, Hancock County, ME Data page 17 of 50 Turn to data page PREV DATA PAGE NEXT DATA PAGE 17 Back to catalog record I LC-HABS/HAER Home Page I Highest Resolution Image (Compressed TIFF - 46K) ACADIA NATIONAL PARK MOTOR ROADS KAER No. ME-11 (Page 16) railways from park drives and restricted city traffic, most of it commercial, to aunken roads cutting across the park. Drivers who could not afford their own horse and carriage, therefore, were separated from the park, seeing only high stone walls as they passed through it. George Dorr's Park In many ways Rockefeller's early experiences involving carriage roads échoed that of Dorr and the creation of Acadia National Park. Like Rockefeller, Dorr and the mon who gathered together at Northeast Harbor in 1901 to discuss the preservation of land on Mount Desert were reacting to the rise of tourios and the threat it pased to the island's isolated beauty. *Place after place where I was in the habit of walking or pienicking has been converted to private uses," wrote Charles Eliot in his letter of invication for this meeting. 33 Also like Rockefeller, these mon were wealthy summer residents most of whom resided permanently in Boeton, Philadelphia, or New York City. In many ways, then, mon like banker John Stewart Kennedy, railway executive George W. Vanderbilt, and merchant William J. Schieffelin, who at this meeting formed the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations, were of the sare net which had supported the car ban of 1909 and who had sufficient financial resources to take carriage drives in Central Park with John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Yet whereas Rockefeller built carriage roads to keep the automobile at bay, these men bought up land on Hount Desert Island in order to check its development for tourist. The Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservation was incorpo- rated in 1903 and immediately began acquiring land for protec- tion. Although the first EWO parcels were located near Seal Harbor, in time a number of tracts were bought and donated throughout the castern half of Mounc Desert Island. Dorr, for instance, who would spend much of his family fortune securing GBD's fortune land fox the park, purchased and then donated the ravine between Picket Mountain (now Huguenot Head) and Newport (since 1908, Champlain) Mountain, and helped buy the top of Cadillac Mountain (with funds provided by John 5. Kennedy) from the Brewers. More purchases and donations by various parties followed until by 1913 Por analysis of the elito nature of Central Park and its carriage drives see Clay McShane, Down the Asphalt Path: The Automobile and the American City (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994), 33; and Elizabeth Blackmax and Roy Rozenzweig, The Park and the People: A History of Central Park (New York : K. Holt and Co., 1994). "Quoted in Goldstein, Tragedies é Triumphs, 10. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=hhdatapage&fileName=me/me0200/me0235/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=1...: 6/10/2002 AMERICAN MEMORY CONGRESS Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record (If noted, names of historians, or other compilers, and date are noted in the data pages.) data pages photo caption pages color transparencies Acadia National Park Motor Roads, Acadia National Park, BAR HARBOR VICINITY, Hancock County, ME Data page 18 of 50 Turn to data page V DATA PAGE I NEXT DATA PAGE 18 Back to catalog record I LC-HABS/HAER Home Page I Highest Resolution Image (Compressed TIFF 45K) ACADIA NATIONAL PARK MOTOR ROADS HAER No. MK-11 (Page 17) the Trustees had preserved approximately 5,000 acres of land on Hount Depert Island. Feeling economically threatened by this transfer of land from the private into the public domain, that same year the island's failing timber industry attempted to have the Trustees' tax-free status revoked. In response, Dorr convinced the Trustees to protect their reservations for all time by offering them to the Department of the Interior. and on 3 July 1916 the Sieur de Monts National Monument was dedicated. When the monument was reauthor- ized as Lafayette National Park three years later, it became the first national park east of the Mississippi and the only park in the country created solely from donations of private land. Inicially called Lafayette in honor of the ioland's colonial heritage, it was renamed Acadia in 1929, As one of his early official jobs as the monument's first auperintendent, Dorr reported that 101,255 tourists and 15,361 automobiles visited the 17,500. park by October of 1916. Rocksfeller's Motor Roads in Dorr's Park JORFrs to HCTPR Although Rockefeller had donated $17,500 to the Trustees in their effort to have their lands designated a national monument, he had donations openly expressed reservations about such A move. "DO you not feel, he wrote to Reservation founder Charles Eliot in 1915, "that the establishment of this monument will bring an undesir- able class of tourists to Bar Harbor in their automobiles who, if automobiles are admitted to the south aide of the Island, will be a real nuisance to the residents there? The majority of remi- dents on the south side of the island lived in the exclusive summer communities of Seal and Northweat Harbors. For Rockefeller, then, the monument had the potential of exacerbating the threat posed by his old semesis-the automobile. And his fearn quickly proved correct. Ever since he had begun construc- ting carriage roads around his Seal Harbor estate, motoriats had attempted and often succeeded in driving on them. with the creation of the national monument and the donation by Rockefeller 34Lonard E. Brown, Acadia National Park, Maine: History Basic Data (Washington, DC: National Park Service, Office of History and Historic Architecture, Enstern Service Center, February 1971), 68-72. "Richard Warden Male, The Story of Bar Harbor: An Informal History Recording One Hundred and Fifty Years in the Life of & Community (New York: Ivcs Washburn, Inc., 1949), 200. "Rockefeller to Charles Eliot, 26 February 1915, folder 1047, box 105, RG 2, CMR, Rockefeller Family Archives, RAC. 6/10/2002 AMERICAN MEMORY LIBRARY CONGRESS Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record (If noted, names of historians, or other compilers, and date are noted in the data pages.) data pages photo caption pages color transparencies Acadia National Park Motor Roads, Acadia National Park, BAR HARBOR VICINITY, Hancock County, ME Data page 19 of 50 Turn to data page PREV DATA PAGE I NEXT DATA PAGE 19 Back to catalog record I LC-HABS/HAER Home Page I Highest Resolution Image (Compressed TIFF 45K) ACADIA NATIONAL PARK MOTOR ROADS HAER No. ME-11 (Page 18) of many of chese carriage roads to it, this illegal practice continued with increased frequency. Even more alarming to Rockofeller was the rising pressure motorists were placing on park officials to officially cpen up the carriage roads to cars as well. JOR Ir. Rockefeller's response to this intensified invesion of what he did motor called "modern life' was surprisingly similar to his reaction a decade earlier when cars alone threatened his island solitude. why Whereas than he had constructed carriage roads in order to kcep Id scenc the automobile at bay, after the creation of the Sieur de Monta ? National Monument he decided to build acenic motor roads in order to appease automobilists and thus keep them from rumbling down his prized carriage roads. The preservation or the horoc roads from INSPECTION of motors, Rockefeller explained, "has for all time been doubly assured in that the motor road affords as fine, as varied, ao extensive, and as incimate views of the beauties of the Park as do any of the horse roads. Although be envisioned his motor roads CO be an scenic as his carriage roads, Rockefeller also demanded that they remain independent. TO accomplish this he decided to use bridgen, grade separations, and gate houses to maintain the, distinctivenees of both systems. Like in Central Park, then, Rockefeller's motor roads in Acadia would be physically separated from the carriage road system. decision to estable Although the ceremony stop Cadillac Mountain in 1932 would have us think otherwise, the decision to build motor roads in Acadia National Park, like the decision to establish the park itself, ANP devere was not indicative of a conscious depire on the part of consions the Rockefeller and Dorr to open up the island's natural beauty to visitors of all backgrounds, This had already begun indepen- dontly of these two men. Rather, both the establishment of the park and the decision to construct its motor roads were for the to open most part defensive reactions intended to control this democrat- ination process. Although many on Kount Decert Island at first isl applauded both men's attempt to channel the growth of tourium, it of all was not supported by all. The timber interests who in 1913 had attempted to revoke the Trustee's tax-free status, for example, to This were only one of many community factions who disagreed with both Dorr and Rockefeller's vision concerning the motor roads both meri began building in 1927. had already begues then backgrounds. indepredent of "Frederick Law Directed, Jr. to Rockefeller, 11 July 1930. Folder 127, Box 125, RG 2, OMR, Rockefeller Family Archives, RAC. "undated and untitled article by Bar Harbor Times editor torals in pack Albion Sherman. op cit. mater to "centra dimocratication an http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=hhdatapage&fileName=me/me0200/me0235/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=1... 6/10/2002 SIEUR DE MONTS PUBLICATIONS B6.F6.2 SIEUR DE MONTS PUBLICATIONS VII Man and Nature GEORGE B. DORR A paper written in 1913, when plans now realized for the creation of a national park upon Mount Desert Island were first brought forward. The question of Public Reservations is of paramount importance in the eastern portion of our country, where we have already got a dense population swiftly created and swiftly growing denser without apparent limit. Magnificent reservations have been created in the West, with wise prevision; nothing similar, save the re- cent first establishment of national forests in the North- ern and the Southern Appalachians, has yet been undertaken in the East, with its far greater human need, its beautiful scenery, ready accessibility and perma- nently productive territory. We are passing into a new phase of human life where men are congregating in vast multitudes, for industrial purposes, for trade and intercourse; the population of the future must inevitably be many times the popula- tion of the present, and the need of conserving now, while there is time, pleasant, wholesome breathing-places for these coming multitudes is great. How great, we can with difficulty realize in our country yet so newly occupied and in a period so new of growth and vast 3 industrial change, but what such open spaces in the form of commons have meant to England in the past, the long struggle to prevent their enclosure by the few shows strikingly, and what is lost by their absence in densely peopled regions of China, where every rod of ground is given up to the material struggle for existence, the ac- counts of all returning travellers tell. But it is not a question of breathing-spaces and physi- cal well-being only; it goes far beyond that and is deeply concerned with the inner life of men. With Nature in her beauty and freedom shut out from so many lives in these industrial and city-dwelling times, it is going to become-has, indeed, become already-a matter of su- preme importance to preserve in their openness, in their unspoiled beauty and the charm of their wild life, their native trees and plants, their birds and animals, the places where the wealth or significance of these things is greatest, the places where the influence of Nature will be felt the most or where the life with which she has peopled the world, and man or chance has not destroyed, may be enjoyed and studied at its fullest. The times are moving fast in the destruction of beau- tiful and interesting things. The lost opportunity of one year becomes the bitter regret of thinking people in a few years more. Valuable and inter- esting species of birds, that were still familiar a genera- tion since and that might have added to the delight or wealth of the world forever, have now become extinct- as hopeless of resurrection as if we had known them only in fossil forms. Many a landscape and forest-land that should have remained forever unspoilt and public in the crowded eastern regions of the future has been ruined needlessly or locked up in private ownership. In nothing is conservation needed more than in saving all that is economically possible of the pleasantness and freedom of Nature in regions accessible, even by travel, 4 tillin trees North Carolina. on the left; Virginia, on the right to the vast, town-dwelling populations of the future; in preserving the features of scientifie interest or land- scape beauty that widen men's horizon or quieken their imagination. City parks and playgrounds, valuable and necessary as they are, cannot do this, nor can cultivated fields and motor-traversed roads. The bold hilltops and mountainsheights which the ancient Hebrews felt were God-inhabited; the clear springs in Syria over which the Greeks built temples through whose ruined stones the crystal water still comes gushing; the sacred groves of Italy and Druid oaks of Northern Europe, tell a story of the deep influence of such things upon the hearts and lives of men, an influence we cannot afford to lose today in our mechauism-shrmken modern world of immeas- urably growing population. By taking thought in season, little need be sacrificed to secure incaleulable benefits in Nature's wilder near-by regions, in her grander landscapes that lie within the reach of busy men; in refreshing forests, not too lim- ited; in picturesque and open downs beside the sea; or along the pleasant, wooded side of streams with unpol- luted water. When coal becomes exhausted, water-power or other form of energy will take its place, but nothing will ever compensate for natural beauty permanently ruined within the narrowing bounds of modern life. Life will always be a compromise between conflicting needs, but its needs are not material only. Man's future is deeply concerned with recognition of its spiritual side, and if there be anything in the world, next to the oppor- tunity to gain the necessities of life, to meet disease or find the means of education, that should be kept open to right use by all, it is the wholesome freedom of Nature and opportunity for contact with her beauty and many- sided interest in appropriate tracts. The day will ulti- mately come when to provide such will be felt to be one of the most essential duties of the state or greatest privileges of wealthy citizens. For wiser and better gifts than 6 these, to be public heritages forever, it were hard to find. Permanent as few others can be, they will only gain with time, in beauty often and in richness of association always. Changes in science or social organization, al- tered standards of artistic interest or change in char- itable method will not destroy their value. There are landscapes and tracts of land which for their beauty and exceptional interest-or their close relation to important centers-should be inalienably public, for- ever free to all. Our metropolitan parks and reserva- tions are a first step in this direction, as are the national parks out West, but with increasing private ownership and rapidly increasing population, the movement is one that will need to go far eventually. The earth is our common heritage. It is both right and needful that it should be kept widely free in the portions that the homes of men, industry and agriculture do not claim. Personal possession reaches out at widest but a little way, and passes quickly in the present day, gath- ering about itself little of that greater charm which time alone can give. If men of wealth would spend but a fraction of what they do for themselves alone, with brief result, in making the landscape about them beautiful for the benefit of all in permanent and simple ways, the result would be to give extraordinary interest-of a steadily accumulative kind-to every residential section of the land; and it would tend, besides, to give all men living in or passing through it a sense of personal pos- session in the landscape instead of injury at exclusion from it, and to give them, 100, a freedom of wandering and a beauty by the way which do not lie within the reach of anyone today. And with such gifts would also go the pleasant sense of sharing, of participation in a wholesome joy which each recurrent year would bring afresh. No monument could be a better one to leave behind, no memorial pleas anter-whether for one's self or others-than gifts like 8 B6.F6.6 these that make the earth a happier, a more interesting or delightful place for other men to live upon. That this movement must grow, no one who has thought upon the matter can doubt-the movement for public parks and open spaces, near or far, not as playgrounds simply but as opportunities for Nature in her deep appeal and various beauty to remain an influence in human life; for places, too, where such features of wild life as may coexist with man can be preserved, and where plant life, whether in forest growths or the infinite detail of flowering plants and lowly forms, may still continue a source of health and happiness in man's environment. The movement will grow, as all great movements do, because a great truth - man's need for Nature - lies behind it. The essentially important thing is to save now what opportunity we can for its expansion later. Our Duty to the Future JAMES BRYCE Extract from address delivered when ambassador to this country, urging the importance of creating national parks and forest reservations in the Eastern States before the opportunity was lost. I have had experience in England in dealing with this question, having been for some years chairman of a society for preserving commons and open spaces and public rights of way, and having also served on the com- mittee of another society for securing to the public places of national and historic interest. Thus I was led often to think of what is our duty to the future, and of the benefits which the preservation of places of natural beauty may confer on the community. That is a problem which presents itself not only in Great Britain but all over Europe, and now you in America are tending to 10 Giant Pine-trees in the n become what Europe already is. Europe is now a popu- lous, and in parts a crowded, continent; you, too, will some day be a populous, and ultimately, except in those regions which the want of rain condemns to sterility, a crowded continent; and it is well to take thought at once, before these days confront you, how you will deal with the difficulties which have met us in Europe. So that you may not find too late that the beauty, the freedom and primitive simplicity of nature have been snatched from you. Of all those pleasures the power to enjoy which has been implanted in us, the love of Nature is the very simplest and best. It is the most easily accessible; it is one which can never be perverted; it is one of which you cannot have too much; and it lasts from youth to age. Then, too, there are the literary associations which clothe many a wild or lovely spot with poetry. The farther a people recedes from barbarism, the more refined its tastes, the more gentle its manners, the less sordid its aims, so much the greater is its susceptibility to every form of beauty, SO much the more do the charms of Nature appeal to it. Delight in them is a test of civiliza- tion. Now, let us remember that the regions and spots cal- culated to give enjoyment in the highest form are lim- ited, Although and are you being have constantly set a wholesome encroached example upon. in creat- ing the National Parks you have, there are still other places where National Parks are wanted. There is a splendid region in the Alleghenies, a region of beautiful forests, where the tulip trees lift their tall, smooth shafts and graceful heads one hundred and fifty feet or more into the air, a mountain land on the borders of North Carolina and East Tennessee, with romantic river val- leys and hills clothed with luxuriant woods, primitive forests standing as they stood before the white man drove the Indians away, high lawns filled with flowers 12 B6.F6.8 and traversed by sparkling brooks, containing every- murmur of a streamlet, the rustling of the leaves, thing to delight the heart of the lover of Nature. It would and the birds singing among the branches. No better be a fine thing to have a tract of three or four hundred service can be rendered to the masses of the people than thousand acres set apart there for the benefit of the to preserve for their delight wide spaces of fine scenery. people of the South and Middle Atlantic States, for whom We are trustees for the future; we are not here for it is a far cry to the Rockies. ourselves alone. These gifts were not given to us to be Then there are the Northeastern States with their used by a single generation, or with the thought of one mountains and forests. No other part of Eastern Amer- generation only before our minds. We are the heirs of ica can compare with this for the varied charms of a those who have gone before and charged with the duty wild and romantic nature. And as wealth increases in we owe to those who shall come after; and there is no other parts of the country, as the gigantic cities of the duty which seems more clearly incumbent on us than Eastern States grow still vaster, as population thickens handing on to others undiminished opportunities and in the agricultural and manufacturing parts of Ohio and facilities for the enjoyment of some of the best gifts Pennsylvania, of Indiana and Illinois, the love of nature that the Creator has bestowed upon his children. and the desire for health-giving recreation will draw more and more of the population of those cities and states to seek these spots where Nature shows at her loveliest. Do not suffer, therefore, any of the charms they offer to be lost by want of foresight now. Save your woods, not only because they are one of your great natural resources but also because they are a source of beauty which once lost can never be recovered. Preserve the purity of your streams and lakes, not werely for the sake of the angler but also for the sake of those who live on the banks, and of those who come to seek the freshness and delight of an unspoiled nature by the lake or river side. Keep open the long ridges that lead up to the rocky summits of your mountains; let no man debar you from free access to their tops, or from enjoyment of the broad prospects they afford. And keep wide woodland spaces open within the reach of cities, where those who seek quiet and the sense of communing with Nature can go and spend whole days enjoying one spot after another where Nature has pro- vided her simple joys-mingled shade and sunlight falling on the long vistas of the forest, the ripple and 14 15 1975 /, The first important gift of land the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations received was some Chair that of the Bowl and Beehive which forms the see N-dx end or Champlain (Newport) Mountain. This gift of award eight was given by Mrs. Charles D. Homans of Boston who Elieft -tract a building site had acquired # in the purchase of hand upon the shore below A That gift to the Trustees led on to my acquiring during the years 1908 to 1912 the lands that constituted the first gift to the Government, those of the Sieur de Monts National Monument, which did not include, however, Mrs. Homans' gift, that being separated from those that formed the Monument by lands in private hands extending over the summit of the mountain. 3 Mrs. & Homans died arrow years laber her land Large upon the shore WAVES offered sale at a set were by her executors. No one purchased it, it being a $ 15 for herefecutors price IE ata given time when the building of homes the new summer on Island was coming to an end in a reaction from the earlier boom, and the property remained unsold and S Laury unoccupied. In 1913 I learnt that the executors were at If anxious to close the property out and would dispose The of it, to be included in the National Park, at a only price which was but a fraction of what they originally Club asked. The Park at that time owned no frontage on the shore. At the price set by the Homans' trustees, the (Sugon't method Homans day Mo Island [GB.Dorr] the At a meeting of the Executive Committee of the Bar Harbor Water Company, held at the office of Mr. Stephen Baker, 40 Wall Street, in the City of New York, on the 24th day of March, 1915, there were present: Mr. Lee, the Chairman, Mr. Baker, and Mr. Ogden. Mr. Dorr was also present and submitted his report to the Committee verbally on behalf of the sub-committee of the Board of Directors charged with the duty of acquiring lands or easements in lands on the water shed of Eagle Lake, that it was possible for or on behalf of the company to acquire for a sum not to exceed $8,000, certain lands which are described more particularly in a letter to Mr. Dorr from Mr. Fred. c. Lynam, the President of this Company, dated March 15, 1915, After discussion the following resolutions were presented: passed Resolved, that a sum not to exceed $8,000 be and hereby is appro- priated toward the purchase of the following lands or easements there- in for the protection of the water of Eagle Lake, viz: A. Eleven or more acres on the east shore of the lake, at one of the termini of the old Green Mountain Railway, and a lot at the south end of the lake, sometimes known as the Burr lot, containing over one hundred acres, both lots being owned by Mr. W. M. Roberts and both having desirable water frontages. B. Property nominally owned by the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations, but of which Dr. c.c. Morrison holds & tax deed, this lot being located on the water-shed of Bubble Pond or Eagle Lake or both. C. A lot owned by R. H. Kittredge south of property purchased of Kittredge by or on behalf of the Water Company a year or two ago and bordering on a small brook that drains into Eagle Lake. Resolved further that the title to the said pr emises be vested in the name of the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations, sub- ject to the like covenants and restrictions as are contained in deeds to said trustees of other property similarly acquired by or through this company. -2- said property or for the payment for easements thereon and for such incidental legal expenses as may be necessarily incurred, the Com- pany's share of such expenses not to exceed the sum of $500., pro- vided that the remainder of such purchase monies and of such expenses be paid by a person or persons other than the Bar Harbor Water Company. Resolved further that in case the said Trustees of Public Reserva- tions shall at any time hereafter desire to cede or convey to the Un- ited States for park or reservation purposes any portion of the lands now held by them which are subject to restrictions in favor of this company, then and in that case Mr. L. B. Deasy is requested to confer with such Trustees as to such modifications, if any, of the said re- strictions as shall be necessary in order to carry such cessions, or conveyances, into effect and as shall nevertheless efficiently safe- guard the interest of the public and of this company and the purity of the water of Eagle Lake and report the same to the Water Company's Board of Directors with his recommendations in respect thereto. Resolved that the President or Treasurer of the Company be, and are hereby respectively authorized to borrow the said sum of Eight thousand Dollars ($8,000), or so much thereof as may be necessary, upon the note, or notes, of the Company or by the issue of bonds to be se- cured by the mortgage upon the Company's property, in accordance with the terms thereof, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the foregoing resolution. Mr. Dorr then made a statement in regard to a camp and camp site on the west of Eagle Lake, known as the Perkins Camp, stating that he had purchased the same on behalf of the Company for the sum of $800. and had paid $500. of the purchase price. On motion it was resolved Here, Maine was acting as a pioneer. The federal government "Forestry," he snorts, "is getting your men into the woods, get- had set up a program of grants to states that would organize fire- ting grub to 'em, hiring bosses that can whale spryness into human fighting protection for their forests, and Maine received one of the jill-pokes and can get the logs down to Pea Cove sortin' boom before first three grants of $10,000. the drought strikes. That's forestry!" jill-poke is what loggers call Not all of this newfangled stuff-forestry fire protection, war- the one log responsible for setting up a jam and which, when it's dens, and other conservation measures-went down well with the removed, allows the rest to float downstream again.) old-timers in the woods. Holman Day, a Maine journalist turned This antediluvian attitude toward forestry and forest protec- novelist and movie-maker, wrote several works of fiction about the tion also passed away with the change in forest ownership and lumber industry. King Spruce is probably his best-known work-a usage. The paper companies saw they might need to grow trees, potboiler that would draw derisive smiles today, but serves well as a themselves, to ensure a steady supply of wood to their mills, and piece of history, an artifact of an era. It has been said that the "King some of the large landowners realized modern forestry methods Spruce" of the title, the fictional Umcolcus Lumbering Association, could help their bottom lines. Imperceptibly, the Dwight Wades pre- and its equally invented owner, the Honorable John Davis Barrett, vailed, the John Davis Barretts saw the light, and the Pulaski D. was patterned on Llewelyn Powers and his Aroostook empire. Britts were routed 1-exactly as happened in King Spruce. When the hero, a progressive-minded school teacher, Dwight Wade, And with forestry's ascendance on the conservation scene-as comes to Barrett's office to talk about the "science of forestry," he epitomized by Gifford Pinchot, creator of the U.S. Forest Service immediately encounters resistance. and close confidant of Teddy Roosevelt, there also grew up the "A man would have pretty much hard work to convince me dichotomy within the movement expressed in the personage of John that it is a science," Barrett replies, and as Holman Day has him Muir, the preservationist - a dichotomy still contained today in the comment, with some contempt, "As near as I can find out, it's guess- question: Do we continue to allow logging in our national forests or work, and poor guesswork at that." do we set large areas of them aside as roadless wilderness? Wade isn't to be put off; he's a pretty bumptious young man, Holman Day was a good friend of Percival Baxter who, to most once a star footballer, and-secretly - the boyfriend of Barrett's Mainers, is seen as the ultimate champion of a land-saving ethic in daughter. "I hoped," Wade continues, "that such a large owner of the state. In another of his novels, All-Wool Morrison, Day used timberland had begun to take interest in forestry and would, for Baxter as the prototype for the hero, but in this instance, it was Bax- experiment's sake, put these young men [his students] upon a section ter the progressive taking on monopolistic industry, as Percy did, in of land this summer and let them work up a map and a report his epic 1920s fight with the Central Maine Power Company. Percy's "What do you mean, that I'm going to hire them to do t-pay quarrel with CMP was not that they wanted to build a dam on the them money?" Dead River, but they wanted to do it on two public lots belonging "The young men will be performing a real service, for they will to the state and were refusing to pay rent. He actually didn't start plot a square mile and talking about saving land--that is, Katahdin-until 1919. "If there is any pay to it, I'd rather pay them to keep off my But this aspect of conservation had already appeared in lands " Maine. The efforts of George Bucknam Dorr and his fellow summer At that moment, the real villain of the story, the Honorable residents at Bar Harbor to launch what eventually became Acadia Pulaski D. Britt, a state senator and officer of the company, breaks National Park began as far back as 1901. The passage by Congress into the conversation with a diatribe against newfangled fellers that's in 1911 of the Weeks Law that allowed the Federal government to been studying in a book how to make trees grow. acquire private land and set the stage for the White Mountains 302 The Interrupted Forest 2 National Forest also aided the Mount Desert project, which finally had never seen a great pumpkin pine, Merrill added, "We can con- became a reality in 1917. struct half a dozen Panama Canals while a white pine is growing." The following year, 1918, witnessed the very quiet transfer of lis final comment, vis-à-vis Guernsey's bill, was: "If Congress can- some 33,000 more acres of private Maine land into U.S. government not be induced to act, why should not our legislature take action and ownership. It is not well known even today that a portion of the create a state reservation?" White Mountains National Forest is in Maine, in the Evans Notch Professor Merrill could hardly have foreseen how his wistful region, abutting the New Hampshire border in the westernmost question would be answered. Nor could Percival Baxter when, in part of the state. At one time in the nineteenth century, an unincor- 1919, he first proposed his plan for a Mount Katahdin Centennial porated town of 300 people existed around a lumbering operation at (state) Park to celebrate Maine's 100th anniversary in 1920. His fail- this site on the Wild River, which had originally been cleared by a ure to move the Augusta lawmakers was as complete as Guernsey's runaway slave before the Civil War. Called Batchelder's Grant, it is attempts with the Solons in Washington, D.C. A prime reason for generally cited by the name of its post office-Hastings-after the his inability to persuade them--ever offering to kick off an acquisi- three brothers from Fryeburg and Bethel who created the Wild tion fund with two years of his salary-was the stiff resistance of the River Lumber Company following the Civil War (in which two of Great Northern Paper Company, engineered by Garrett Schenck them - Gideon and David-received battlefield promotions to and Fred A. Gilbert, who both had no love for Percival Baxter. The major). When the Hastings' business and family line declined in the best Percy could do was get a law passed allowing the state to accept early years of the twentieth century, their holdings were sold with- private money to buy the area and-supposedly fomented by Sena- out much fanfare, first in New Hampshire, then in Maine, to the tor John Francis Sprague- status of game preserve for the moun- U.S. Forest Service. tain and surrounding land. Meanwhile, a similar status was being sought for Katahdin. Garrett Schenck lived out the latter part of his life as the mod- Or rather, the bill put into Congress in 1913 by Congressman ern-day lord of a fiefdom. His influence in the Maine Republican Frank E. Guernsey of Dover-Foxcroli would have produced a Party was strong, if not paramount. Schenck would send out word combination forest reserve (the name then given to national forests) of his preferences among Republican candidates-Parkhurst over 1913 and national park. It has been said Guernsey was induced to take Milliken for governor, Hale over Fernald for U.S. senator-an it this action by one of his constituents, John Francis Sprague, pub- had a weighty effect. Ironically, it was Governor Frederick lisher of Sprague's Journal of Maine History, and later a state senator. Parkhurst's death after one month in office that allowed Percy Among Guernsey's arguments in a 1916 speech, after he'd intro- Baxter, then next in line as president of the senate, to become chief duced his bill a second time, was the absolute necessity of saving executive. The doughty old Dutchman not only fought Baxter on the forests around the headwaters of Maine's rivers and streams. In the political scene; he also refused to deal with him as a fellow language that would resonate today, Guernsey declared: "In our businessman, when, no longer in office, Percival tried to buy Great state is the last remnant of the virgin forest that once swept the Northern's interest in the township containing the mountain. whole Atlantic Coast. Something must, and will, in my opinion, be Schenck didn't reside in Millinocket, nor even in Maine, but done to preserve it." tightly controlled events in the town his company had erected in the On this occasion, another speech by Professor Lucius Merrill wilds. An ardent Prohibitionist, he had written into the deeds of the of the University of Maine emphasized Katahdin and its watershed, local houses GNP owned (most of them) that the occupants could threatened by "the axe of the lumberman and the fires which too fre- be evicted if they sold liquor from them. In a scene straight out of quently follow the axe." Lamenting that in the "Pine Tree State," he feudalism, Schenck responded to the plea of one Antonio Allisio, 304 The Interrunted OFFICE OF BAR HARBOR WATER COMPANY BAR HARBOR. MAINE COPY. May 2, 1913. W. H. L. Lee, Esq Chairman of the Executive Committee, Bar Harbor Water Company. Dear Sir: EAGLE LAKE WATER SHED. Some two or three years ago in consequence of the increased tendency to build on the shores of Eagle Lake and especially in consequence of operations having been commenced for a good sized dwelling very near the lake, it was thought wise to procure as much of the water shed as could be purchased at reasonable prices. It was decided that some of this property should be purchased and held by the Hancock County Reservations, the money being furnished by the Water Company. Ad a result of the authority given by the Directors lots were purchased, as has been previously reported, controlling perhaps a little more than 40% of the entire distance around the lake. The cost of these purchases, the larger portion of which is owned by the Hancock County Reservations and the smaller portion by the Water Company, was $28,937.23. RECENT PURCHASES. On December 18 I wrote a letter to the Chairman of the Executive Committee advocating the purchase of property on the west and southwest portions of the lake, providing these purchases did not total an amount exceeding $19,000. OFFICE OF BAR HARBOR WATER COMPANY BAR HARBOR. MAINE -2- A copy of this letter was sent to Mr. Dorr, who was in close touch with the matter, and as a result of his comments to the Executive Committee the Committee authorized the expenditure of not exceeding $20,000. It may be well to explain at this juncture that the property, the purchase of which I recommended, was some six hundred or more acres of land claimed by different owners who had purchased definite portions of the property and recei ved a warranty deed for their payments. There was, however, a serious cloud on the title. The case involving the title was to be tried in the April term of Court of this year. There would have been no difficulty on account of this trouble with the title in purchasing the different properties at a low price, but for the fact that the warranty of the titles was apparently perfectly good, the warrantor or at least his heir being amply able to make any loss good to those holding the property. In pursuance of the authority given by the Executive Committee we obtained from some of the owners an option on their holdings and at the same time secured an option from the claimants of the property who were not in possession. We then proceeded to negotiatewith the different purchasers who were in possession of the property. In consequence of there being so many owners, and in the case of one of the properties SO many heirs to be consulted, and the prices asked for the OFFICE OF BAR HARBOR WATER COMPANY BAR HARBOR. MAINE -3- properties to my mind at least SO excessive, the work has been necessarily slow and at times tedious and annoying. The total asking price, exclusive of commissions of the real estate agent, amounted to $24,200. The total amount finally paid for the properties, including commissions and attorneys fees, was $15,842.24. This does not mean to my mind that the Water Company has got an exceedingly good trade in the property, but it does mean in my opinion that the properties have been secured at as low a price as was possible under all the conditions. I estimate roughly that the total shore line on Eagle Lake, not including indentations, is about four and one- half miles in extent. The property that we have just secured I should say included about one and one-half miles of this length of sho re. With what we heretofore purchased it seems to me that we now control a little over two-thirds of the shore line. Nearly all of the remaining portion is owned by Mr. W. M. Roberts, the only exceptions being about sixteen rods owned by John Rich; about eight rods owned by the Estate of Margaret Perkins; a narrow lot owned by the Brewer Ice Company; and seventeen rods owned by the Brewer Estate and W. M. Roberts. The total cost of this shore line, with the land in the water shed, which I have roughly estimated as being two-thirds of the entire distance around the lake, will thus be seen to have amounted to $44,779.47. OFFICE OF BARHARBOR WATER COMPANY BAR HARBOR. MAINE -4- ACTION AGAINST WARRANTOR OF THE DIFFERENT TITLES. Referring to the claims of certain parties not in possession of the property as having been purchased by the Water Company as a part of the policy of acquiring the tract of land above described, the title from them was taken in the name of a third person, so that the Water Company is now through this third person in a position to attempt to enforce the rights of the grantees of whom the Water Company has purchased against this warrantor. As the Water Company had to pay $3500. besides some legal fees to make the title good it seems proper that this right should be enforced against the warrantor, and at the risk of spending a few hundred dollars in Court without any return we have thought it well to authorize the attempt to secure remuneration from the warrantor through Court proceedings. I have no further recommendations to make at the present time with reference to acquiring additional properties on the lake, except that the matter be discussed at the meeting of the Directors held perhaps at the time of the annual meeting this summer. Yours very truly, (Signed) Fred C. Lynam. President. The following was written by Herbert Weir Smyth, Professor of Greek in Harvard 1413 University, and published in Bar Harbor Life, August 23, 1913. It is a good account of the meeting. a-76 AUTOMOBILES THE MOUNT DESERT TOWN MEETING Now, glory hallelujah, hip, hip, and three times three, Mount Desert town, of fair renown, from autos will be free, In Eden Town they rage around, with horrid smell and soot, And make Bar Harbor's streets unsafe for those who go afoot; But Northeast and Seal Harbors are in Mount Desert Town, Then Rockefeller, Junior, with name of mighty power, And the autos in town meeting, have there been voted down. Who overlooks Northeast and Seal from out his lofty tower, The voters of Mount Desert, they one and all, came there, Spoke quietly, but forcibly, against the auto plan, In motor boats and buckboards, and some upon Shank's mare. And showed, although a billionaire, he was a modest man. The anxious rusticators furnished transportation free Then Prichard, of Seal Harbor got up and said, "me too;" And with their wives and daughters came the voting for to see; and Dr. Minot of Northeast, whose Boston blood is blue. In fact so many summer folk attended at the hall And then uprose Charles Clement--the great and only one, That very many voting men could find no seats at all. Who, in times past, had said he thought the auto ought to run; The meeting opened solemnly, with Judge Knowles in the chair, But now he said he'd changed his mind--his thoughts he never hid, Who said he'd do his duty, and endeavor to be fair, He'd vote against the auto, though no other fellow did. Then Stebbins of Seal Harbor, a summer man of note, Then Grindle--great physician, their Solon wise and true, Who claims to live within the town, and thus obtains a vote, Who gave them pills, and cured their ills, and helped them make statutes too, Moved that the rusticator, although they had no right, Called their attention to the fact that next to its pertaters, Should be allowed to talk upon the subject of the fight; The State of Maine should cherish most, its crop of rusticators; And as no one dissented, this was very quickly done, hat the town always had performed whate'er the latter wished, And everyone was free to talk and then began the fun. And if it failed to do this now, it surely would be dished; First, Kimball, of Northeast, who keeps the famous Hostelry, Besides he showed that auto cars though made for pleasure uses, Where Northeast's men and maidens meet in weekly revelry, Could bring to town cheap labor, and other great abuses. Read letters from some millionaires who wished a summer home The voters now were saying, with an impatient note, But would not patronize his house if autos did not come We' let these windy fellows talk--let's get to work and vote. He said, if by their vote this day they kept autos away, Mount Desert men have level heads--they know a thing or two, He'd close the Kimball House next year, and more he could not say. We did not need this tiresome talk to teach us what to do. Then Melcher, who to Northeast had come these many years, So out they turned, the summer folk, and when the count they wrote, Read the rusticators' protest and chronicled their fears They'd kept the autos out of town by an enormous vote. That if the auto was allowed to come within the town, So glory hallelujah, hip, hip and three times three; Its prestige would soon be destroyed--its business would run down Mount Desert Town of fair renown, from autos will be free. Then Eliot, the grand old man, head of the Harvard clan, Who's squeezed the world's best literature into a five-foot span, Who knows all things there are to know, and keeps advice in store And hands out all that you may ask, and sometimes even more, Said that they'd kept his taxes down, and showed their common sense; And if they'd keep the autos out, he thought 'twould be immense. By tales of men who only came because autos were barred Then Stebbins, who's a canny man, countered on Kimball hard, The Dr. Edward Dunham--he of the gentle voice, Whose courteous ways, the quiet deeds have long made Seal rejoice, Opposed the urred auto auto nursance and urged the votero there RICHARD W. HALE HALE & GRINNELL. LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE FRANK W. GRINNELL. ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW, FORT HILL 510. ROGER D. SWAIM. 16 CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS. JOHN M. MAGUIRE. CABLE ADDRESS, "HAFIS, BOSTON." October 27, 1913. H/Th2 o George B. Dorr, Esq., Bar Harbor, Maine, and 18 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Mass. Dear George: The land in Bar Harbor belonging to the heirs of George H. Homans is two acres or so on Schoolhouse Hill and one hundred and ten (110) acres running from the present Bowl Reservation to the Otter Cliffs Road. I understand that I can get you quitclaim deeds to the Trustees of Public Reservations of one undivided third of this and of several undivided eighteenths. I have a plan before me and know the title. I should be very glad to be of service to the Trus- tees in this matter drawing deeds, ascertaining facts in recital of title, etc. and getting signatures. I think I should probably get at least two-thirds and make it easy ulti- mately to acquire the remainder. I should think it would be reasonable if I did this work, which would be considerable, for the Trustees to pay for the copies of deeds, recording fees, etc. which would be necessary. That would be a trifle, say not over twenty (20) dollars, nearer five (5) dollars. Shall I go ahead? Yours very truly, R. on [R.W.Hale] The islands and headlands scattered along the deeply embayed coast of eastern Maine - an ancient, water-worn land-surface flooded by the sea -- yresent one of the most interesting examples to be found upon this continent of the marked effect of looal 011- matic conditions uyon the distribution of the fauna and the flora. But nowhere else upon that coast oan this be seen 80 strikingly as on the beautiful island of Mount Desert whose rooky heights and wooded valleys, whose deer, odol, intervening lakes and sun-warmed pools and marshes, fresh and salt, offer conditions uniquely favor able for a rich boreal flora - extending here much further south than on the neighboring mainland - and for a southern one which, in interesting contrast, reaches here its northern limit in important species. And associated with this flora there is - as one might say with practical certainty there must be from knowledge of the plants alone fauna. This island occupying a contral position on that broken and extensive COAST and thruat out with various and lofty elavation into a sea that surges round it with exceptional tidal volume, mod- ifying alike its summer heat and winter cold, holds the key to the biologio situation in that region and must unquestionably be in fu- tura the best and onjor dependence of scientists in working out its marry interesting problems of associated plant and insect life. On th no flora of the IRland there has been already long since sublished ancessetient oatalogue of plants, and rion material for 2 a much full.er 11 st is only waiting opportunity for publication now; ho correspondingly thorough study of the invertebrate fauna has been made AR yet but AS to the rich results which it will yield, when opportunity for thorough study comes, we can draw a sure con- clusion from the fragmentary record that exists - and notably of late from a most interesting collection of Lepidoptera, containing over one hundred and fifty anecies of moths, made by Dr Charles Sedgwick Minot, president of the Boston Natural History society, in whose collections they are placed. The collection made by Dr Minot contains among the Geometrids one wholly new species, Diastictis anaturta, and a new variety of Therina ficellaria, as well as a specimen of Alois sulphurea and several specimens of Eustroma cunigerata and Hydreomena contracta, which have not been recorded from the eastern United States since Prokard wrote his monograph in 1876 and which it was feared had becama ext inct through this region. A specimen of Rheumoptera gerosii, recently described from British Columbia, and specimens of Mesoluca aurata and Cleora indicataria were also found, while in the Nootuids were the following rare and interesting species:- Bryophila Insidula, Diyhthera fallax, Caradrina multifera, Drobata illocata, Peridroma occulta, Paragrotis mollis, Orthosia, ralla, Glaea inulta, Eyiglaoa pastillioans, Polyohrysia formosa, Musia balluca and Autographa mayaa. This will give, to m tomologists at least, a good idea of what can be found upon the Island in the important Lapidoptera group and is an excellent indi cation 88 to what we may anticipate on further search in other orders, 88 well AB of the exceptional richness of the IRland (1) Secomens of this species extremely rare; have been found as yet in the white Mountains and at Mt Desert only. (2) This species was originally described from Maine by Packard in 1576 and until found at Mt Desert by Dr Minot had not been reported in the east since Paokard's time but only found in the Rooky Mountains and the Paoifio states. It had been thought to be perhaps extinet in this region unt11 re-discovered now by Dr Minot by whom two appolimens were collected in the North East Harbor section of the Island. (3) 18 also a species of which specimens were recorded by PROKARD in 1876, and not reported in thin region since. It 18 es- pecially interest.ine because Dr Minot obtained a series bridging over an apparent gap between a banded form described by Packard and the other described by walker which had been thought to constitute perhaps a different species. (4) Not. found anywhere since desoribed by Paokard in 1876 the Hure them t111 found in last week of Sept omber by Dr Minot, who obtained a large A number of them. (5 and 6) Rare moths, represented in the society's collection only by the Mt Desert specimens. (7) Has only been found in British Columbia and at Mt Desert, and nowhere else 88 yet. The specimen obtained from Mt Desert is the only are in the Boston Museun's collection. (1) Diastiotis anaturia. (5) Autographa (2) Alois sulphurea (6) Polychrysia formosa (3) Eustroma cunigerata (7) Rheumoptera georgii (4) Hydriomena contraots 3 astthe natural habitat of a wide range of inseat life, and of rare species. we cannot hope to see the invertebrate fauna of the region which this island 80 well represents studied with true soientific thoroughness for years, for many years perhaps, ttocoome. It 18 surely a matt er of no slight importance, then, to preserve while yet it can be done its characteristic and exceptional features for future study in a place 80 widely and uniquely representative of them, RO accessible to students and possible still to save in its natural condition and protect from destructive influences. Curam Natural History Dec 26 1913 10/13/21, 8:15 PM Charles Willison Johnson -Wikipedia - WIKIPEDIA Charles Willison Johnson Charles Willison Johnson (October 26, Charles W. Johnson 1863 - July 19, 1932) was an American naturalist who specialized in entomology (especially Diptera) and malacology, making significant contributions in both fields. He was a mentor and inspiration to many students and young scientists such as William J. Clench (who founded a publication named Johnsonia in his honor). Johnson was Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science, 1888-1903, then was Principal Curator at the Boston Society of Natural History, 1903-1932. He assisted Henry Augustus Pilsbry with The Nautilus, an important American malacological publication. Although both were credited on the title page as "Editors and Publishers", Johnson was the business CHARLES W. JOHNSON manager and Pilsbry was the editor, with Charles W. Johnson Johnson acting as editor when Pilsbry was Born October 26, 1863 on extended field expeditions. Morris Plains, New Jersey Biography Died July 19, 1932 (aged 68) Charles Johnson was born to Albert Fletcher Brookline, Johnson and Sarah Willison Johnson in Massachusetts Morris Plains, New Jersey. He attended public and private schools at Morristown, Nationality USA New Jersey. At age 17 he moved to St. Scientific career Augustine, Florida, and threw himself into an intensive and energetic study of the Fields entomology, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Willison_Johnson 1/3 10/13/21, 8:15 PM Charles Willison Johnson - Wikipedia area's fauna. His activity caught the eye of malacology Joseph Willcox, a trustee of the Wagner Free Institutions Wagner Free Institute Institute of Philadelphia, who was in Florida Academy of Natural on a field trip. Willcox invited Johnson to Sciences become the Wagner's curator, SO in 1888 Johnson moved to Philadelphia, Boston Society of Pennsylvania and took up that post. During Natural History his fourteen-year tenure, he greatly Influenced William J. Clench improved and modernized the Institute's collections. He also was asked to curate two special collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. In 1903 he accepted the post of chief curator at the Boston Society of Natural History at the passing of the previous curator (Professor Alpheus Hyatt). He remained at that position until his death at age 68, in Brookline, Massachusetts. On January 14, 1897 he married Carrie W. Ford in Philadelphia. Her father was a prominent Philadelphia personality, known for his extensive collection of shells. They had no children; she died July 16, 1931 at Brookline. His co-workers estimated that during his lifetime, Johnson had published at least 130 articles on the topic of entomology, and at least 100 articles on molluscan subjects. Sources The Nautilus, 1963 3(https://archive.org/stream/nautilus18861961amer#page/ 116/mode/1up) Johnson's entry in the Author Index. Psyche 39 (1932) (http://psyche.entclub.org/39/39-087.html) The Entomological Publications of C. W. Johnson The Nautilus, 1933 (pp. 129-134) (https://archive.org/stream/nautilus46amer #page/129/mode/1up) Obituary The Boston Society of Natural History 1830-1930 (https://archive.org/stream/ bostonsocietyofn00bost) Centennial history of the Society (Johnson's portrait is on p. 91) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Willison_Johnson 2/3 4/22/2017 The Memorials of Acadia National Park Donald Lenahan blog. 6 For information about them see http://ccclegacy.org/ccc_worker_statue_program.htm 1 of Posted by Don Lenahan at 4:45 PM 6 comments: G+1 Recommend this on Google Ale 1913 Monday January 26. 2015 New Facts Concerning the Cross on Flying Mountain Since publication of the October 2014 blog article about the cross on top of Flying Mountain in Acadia National Park, additional information has emerged. Thanks to Hannah Stevens, archivist at the Northeast Harbor Library, and a letter she discovered in records of The Knowles Company founder Belle Smallidge Knowles it is now known the cross was erected on Flying Mountain in 1917. The letter, signed by William Draper Lewis and Lincoln Cromwell, Knowles inter alia, states that it was the intent to have a granite cross built on the mountain to commemorate the 1613 establishment of the French colony on Fernald Point. However, they felt they needed to test the cross's acceptability to area residents. They thus first erected a replica wooden cross. Lewis, a Philadelphian, and Cromwell, a New Yorker, both Northeast Harbor summer residents, were members of a committee attempting to acquire the mountains surrounding Somes Sound on Mount Desert Island, ME. In 1917 Lewis purchased Flying Mountain from the Fernald family and that same year turned it over to the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations. Cromwell purchased Acadia Mountain also in 1917. He likewise then donated it to the HCTPR that year, as a Lewis memorial to Rev. Cornelius Smith and his wife, Mary.*1 Smith-Wheeler Memorial on Acadia Mountain Lewis and Cromwell were members of the HCTPR. It was through the land acquisitions of this organization and its gift thereof to the U.S. Government that Sieur de Monts National Monument was established in 1916.*2 Additional acquisitions led to the expansion of Sieur de Monts NM and its renaming to Lafayette NP in 1919 and subsequently to Acadia NP in 1929.* Due to the letter we can deduce from whom authorization was obtained to install the cross on Flying Mountain in 1917. Yet the committee seemingly never gave its endorsement for construction of the planned granite cross, as the wooden cross continued on Flying Mountain until its natural demise in the mid 1920s. Footnotes: 1 The bronze memorial reads, "Acadia Mountain given to the public in memory of Rev. Cornelius Smith and his wife Mary Wheeler who were pioneers of the summer colony at Northeast Harbor 1886-1913." Their daughter was Cromwell's wife, Mabel. 2 The first land gifts to the HCTPR were in 1908 from George and Linda Cooksey of New York and Seal Harbor (Barr Hill and the Champlain Memorial land off Sea Cliff Drive [now named Cooksey Drive; the memorial was moved in the 1970s to a - Boston and Bar Harbor (The Bowl and The Beehive). 3 The 114 year-old HCTPR still exists and serves as the governing body of Woodlawn, the historic estate of George Nixon Black, Jr., in Ellsworth, ME. Note: Knowles photograph is from The Knowles Company website. Posted by Don Lenahan at 3:49 PM No comments: G+1 Recommend this on Google Wednesday October 22. 2014 The Cross on Flying Mountain, Acadia National Park -- a Mystery Unraveled Just south of the summit of Flying Mountain, at the entrance to Somes Sound on Mount Desert Island, are unexplained pieces of iron -- eyebolts, rod and a brace -- embedded in a horizontal granite surface. The site overlooks Fernald Point to the south. Eyebolts Cut rod and brace 4/22/2017 The Memorials of Acadia National Park 3 4. What these iron relics are is revealed in a 1924 Bar Harbor Times photograph, which shows a cross on top of Flying Mountain.*1 The accompanying caption reads, "President-emeritus Eliot of Harvard, the earliest summer resident on the Northeast Harbor shore, stands on Jesuit Field [Fernald Point], at the site of the French Missionary Colony at the entrance to Somes Sound, briefly established in 1613." 2 Bar Harbor Times The wooden cross was designed for Aimee (Rotch) Sargent, wife of Winthrop Sargent, summer residents of Northeast Harbor, by the architectural firm Cram & Ferguson of Boston. *3 The cross stood about 30' high. Near the base of the cross were the letters A M D G, which stand for Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam, [For the Greater Glory of God], the motto of the Roman Catholic Jesuit Society of Jesus. 4/22/2017 The Memorials of Acadia National Park 4 of 4 Northeast Harbor Library The year the cross was erected is unclear, but it might have been in 1913 in time for MDI's August Tercentenary celebration of the French-Jesuit St. Sauveur settlement in 1613 on Fernald Point.*4 The cross was gone by 1927, when it was reported it had toppled over in a storm and was not replaced. *5 The reason for not replacing the cross is not known. However, to commemorate the 1613 settlement nearby Dog Mountain had been renamed St. Sauveur in 1918 at the request of George B. Dorr, custodian of the new Sieur de Monts National Monument. Also, Aimee Sargent died in 1918 and was preceded two years earlier in death by her husband. These events would have weighed against the cross's replacement. It is interesting to note that Aimee Sargent was the sister of Arthur Rotch of the Boston architectural firm Rotch and Tilden that designed St. Saviour Episcopal Church in Bar Harbor and other structures on Mount Desert Island. Ralph Adams Cram of the above-mentioned firm Cram and Ferguson had earlier worked at Rotch and Tilden. Thus the cross's link to Cram and Ferguson becomes evident. The cross's site is easy to find, as the Flying Mountain trail cuts directly across it. The aerial map depicts the salient features mentioned above and includes the ANP and private property boundaries on Fernald Point. Flying Mtn cross site private land Flying Mtn trail Acadia NP private land Fernald Pt *Footnotes: 1 Bar Harbor Times, March 19, 1924, p. 3. 2 Eliot retired as president of Harvard in 1909, a position he had held for 40 years. That same year he was elected president emeritus of the university. 3 I wish to thank Ethan Anthony of Cram & Ferguson Architects for his research of company files over the course of many months. 4 For more about this historic settlement see my blog posts dated September 27, 2012 and June 8, 2013. 5 Bar Harbor Times, June 15, 1927, p. 8. GPS coordinates: Flying Mountain cross site: N44° 18.110' W068° 18.863' Flying Mountain summit: N44° 18.130' W068° 18.858 Posted by Don Lenahan at 11:48 AM No comments: Paper upon need or public renervation. Written with reference to oo Oxistion plans COP Mount Desert Totand George BC DONAL The question of Public Reservation is of par importance An the castorn portion of our country where w have already got a dense population Firth orgated and woring denser Without Opporent HOLDER Many have been made in the thinly cotifed not hose population 4mg pharacter or the country must ever remain compared with the TOTAL witoredy permanently tho Rook. Mountain foot-httle castraray with 10" LOTEL day railroading and accessibility, bather lake and BOOK WO Aro passing into Show phase or human life where mentile congro thing 1. vant sultitudes, for industrial purposes, for trade and intercourse; the po ulation on the future must inevitably be many times the population of the present. and the need of con- serving now while there 18 time pleasant, wholesome breathing places for these coming multitudes is great. How great, we can with difficulty realize in our country yot so newly occupied and in a period so new of growth and vast industrial change, but what such open spaces in the form of Commons have meant to England in the past, the long struggle to prevent their enclosure by the coursehord strikingly, and what is loat by their absonoo 13 denadit peopled rogtons of China where overs rod returning of ground is tiren up to the material the accounts travilor tollo But if 13 not a question of breathing spaces And physional woll-being only R goes Tar beyond that and dooply concerned each 366 inner The of men. with Nature In Ltn duty and Greedom shut out from so many belton in that industries and oity-dwelling timel going Ato become I has indeed become the ready I itter of suprome diportance to proporto 1m their oponness In their unepotted beauty And the interest of their wild of their native trees and plant.) their Birds and animals, the places where the interest and human significance of these things is greatest, the places where the influence of Nature may be felt the most or where the life with which she has peopled the world, and man or chance has not destroyed, may be observed and studied in Its rullest. The times are moving rast in the destruction of beautiful and interesting things The lost oppor tubity of one year becomes the bitter regret of thoughtful people in a few years mora. 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By thing thought Inscenson fittle need be includuable bonerits in natural Wilder region in her grander land- coupon that lie ulthin the reach of busy menj in re- treating forestan not too simited on picturesque and Open downs besidon the BORT OF along the pleasant's fooded 12th unpolluted weter When cord becomes examined water power on other form of oner x WT takotato place but nothing with ever pensate Cor beauty Jemmently ruined with- the bounds of modern 11re+ the (111 a compromise of many interests where akoh and over-side must got and Bived But the 16 also an organio whole, where, as in the old Roman Table of the stomach and the brain. that won the people back from their revolt, each part must starre if the other be not redj and 1, there be anything in the world, next to the opportunity to gain the necessities of attrop to meat disease or find the means of education, that should be kept open to the right use of all it is the wholesome freedom of nature and opportunity for contact with its many-sided in- tereat and beauty in appropriate tracts, The day will ultimately come when to provide such 1111 be felt to be one of the most essential duties of the state or 03 works different For Ader better though tompo public hereta 08 Pox nent 8 LOW achors only gin with hames MY ity often Frichnear of Sociation changes 1 Colonee OR social ora nation, Altered of interest ON change M ohari- table-method destroy choin Valuet There Tra Handscaper And tracts of land which for athorn boauty And Exocutional interest - or thoir along do important centers - should be 3.1. Golover free to allo Our metropolitic 020 And are x New Ctop a one Middation Yucro the actional papka out LOOK with Engrouning private ownership and rapidly increases population the movement is one that win need to go far eventually The earth is our common heritage. It is both right and needful 1t should be kept widely free in the portions that the homes of men, industry and agriculture do not claim. Personal possession reaches out at widest but a little way, and passes quickly in the present days gathering about itself little of that greater charm which time alone can give. If men of wealth would spend but R traction of what they do for themselves alone with brief result, in JQ onbrun Aseas Augy (1) Sup OTTOS out JO questions a be onre OAJOS HJP3 our expur 07 anq POLOAHOO 408.14 our TO SNOTABA out pure Lanwoq Supines our futpoon our ITD 07 cansue 07 tuo tou Foos ano pasrot queend Aunon uodn POWLOJ CBY 4T our Twopes our GOOTHUN our uI by Queeq OABY oste pino FT yeya up. OATT 07 your JOJ coord NO out grow U froquesword t VANGO out 4847 esoua extr 87519 auga 10 JIPS Phono NOJ S Joquesword tozoomom on Spartter ROOT 07 euo deffeq 0 oq ptnoo Azoumpon OK DEPRESS dou at TO osues org pun January PO quespord out 03 outs ptnom are rons HATE pay 401 toutuo our and HOTHLY our 4q Laneeq pay to wopeous Loo OAS og par far mode 30 Limfup TO Strokuo COMMON egt Jo program our up HOTSHESSED recorded TO osues B at Supered To OF SUTAIL new ITU OAT 07 (soptood Guea ptnon AT parkpart our TO DOTADO MOAD on pura Surposare ONJO toq ptnor STROPT our quetty TO AT-Joged our YOU moun anoqy pret Supple PO the pappley who should acquire them In idequate and surricient portion ly and ward them us procious heritagoo (a) That the pation States and individual offizons should GOO proto to other to conserve in every possio blo and interest of the natural thinuto a duty not to be lost Hight of mathe Prepence of other passing too bo provided Con that X one who school tter Landoubt THE the move- parko and open Opacost near or far, opportunities for nature. in RD and beauty to re- Atronoes human Letter for placest too, where of as many 00-exist with man make propered andwhere plant stice, whether ID forest growths Orischo infinite detail of flowering plants and 2012 forms, may still remain a part of manya environment. The movement will grow, as 011 great movements do because & great truth DO man's need for nature M Ties behind ttd The essentially important thing is to BRYO now what opportunity we can for its expansion anters 9 WEIR MITCHELL WON FAME IN TWO FIELDS New York Times (1857-Current file); Jan 5, 1914; ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 - 2001) pg. 9 WEIR MITCHELL WON Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. FAME IN TWO FIELDS Dead Author and Physician Was the Most Noted Philadel- phian Since Franklin. FIRST NOVEL DUE TO ENNUI Wrote It to Evade Boredom at 53- Better Known as Writer Than Nerve Specialist. PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 4.-The death of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, noted author and physician, at 3 o'clock this morning, as announced in a late edition of THE NEW YORK TIMES, was due to influenza, the seriousness of which was accen- tuated by his advanced age. He was in his eighty-fifth year. Funeral services will be held on Tuesday, Jan. 6. Dr. Mitchell was stricken last Monday with what was at first thought to be a mild attack of grip, and until yesterday no apprehension was felt. His condi- tion, however. became grave last night, and the distinguished patient did not rally, the end coming a few minutes later. Members of his immediate family were with him during the last hours of his life. Dr. Mitchell's fame both as a physi- cian and author was international, al- though he probably was more widely known as a writer of fiction. His last book appeared a few months ago under the title of Westways." A year ago he published "John Sherwood, Iron- master," and among his other works of fiction were "Hugh Wynne, Free Quaker," The Adventures of Fran- sois," François Villon," Character- istics," 'Francis Drake," "A Ma- © A P A deira Party," and "Dr. North and His Friends." Dr. Weir Mitchell long ago achieved Noted Physician and Author, Who Died Early Yesterday Morning. distinction of a sort that made him con- spicuous in contemporary history as a man without either predecessor or com- peer in the varied quality of his genius; paper on Crotalus Poison before the only three other Americans on the rolls moreover, there is no one on the horizon National Academy of Science. at that time, Alexander Agassiz, George of public affairs who shows promise of In 1862. he began h.s three years' W. Hill, and Sinon Newcomb. quite following in his 100tsteps. lie work as an army surgeon, having spe- was the most celebrated Philadelphian cial charge of soldiers suffering from How He Came to Write Fiction. since Benjamin Franklin, and, while nervous disorders and wounds involving Dr. Mitchell's fiction and verse re- biographers appear to see a parallel be- the nervous system. This was perhaps tween the lives of these two illustrious the beginning of a career that gained vealed the versatility of his genius. On men, the twentieth century writer is for him a world-wide reputation as a Feb. 10, 1912, he attended a dinner of inclined to attribute to Dr. Mitchell a neurologist. breadth of view and a complexity of Dr. Mitchell followed no beaten path the University of Pennsylvania alumni admirable characteristics wanting in the in his medical work; he explored fields at the Waldorf and there he told how many-sided diplomatist. hitherto untrodden by any member or he came to be a writer of fiction. In One writer says of Dr. Mitchell that the medical profession, and so his fame in this direction does not rest on the response to the complimentary remarks he held a position as an eminent physi- cian, who is also a distinguished au- fact that he did something a little bet- made by other speakers, he said: thor, but that he will hereafter be re- ter than others, but because he was an What you have said of me as a sef- garded as an eminent author who is investigator who uncovered truths hid- entist and physician and as a writer of also a distinguished physician. It is den from the eyes of science. Between fiction and verse obliges me to be per- certain that he was the possessor in an the years 1852 and 1894 Dr. Mitchell's sonal. When success in my profession scientific and professional publications gave me the freedom of long Summer unwonted degree of sympathy, intuition. and intellect, and that the union of numbered no fewer than 125. holidays the despotism of my habits of It is of small import to enumerate work would have made entire idleness these, coupled with a love of work, pro- these professional publications from the mere ennui. I turned to what except. duced a man distinguished as a physi- pen of Dr. Mitchell. An incident, vari- for stern need would have been my life- Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 2 cian, a novelist, a poet, and a historian. ously related, serves better to indicate long work from youth-llterature-and His fame in each of these sphere he in- his minence as a physician. This is bored by idleness wrote my first novel. vaded was sufficient for a lasting me- the version as attributed to Dr. Mitchell There is a lesson for you-never be idle. morial to any single individual. himself: In any land but this such an experi- His Father a Physician. An American. suffering from some ment as a successful novel would have nervous disorder, journeyed to Italy to injuriously affected the professional The purely perfunctory part of Dr. consult a celebrated Italian neurologist. career of a medical consultant, or so I Mitchell's history shows that be was But you are from America? said was told by an eminent English physi- the Italian. cian. I need not say that this is not born in Philadelphia on Feb. 15. 1829. Yes." the American way of looking at life. If His father, John Kearsley Mitchell, was Why not, then, take the Vermichelli you give your best to medicine and the a Virginian, and also a physician. He treatment? law. you may write novels or verse, or What's that?' inquired the patient. play golf or ride the wildest colt of established himself in Philadelphia, 'What! You don't know the treat- hobbies." where as a practitioner and professor ment of the famous Dr. Veir Mitchell of Dr. Mitchell's fiction is of an endur- in the Jefferson Medical College he Philadelphia? ing quality. His first novel, In War And the Italian sent the American earned a wide reputation as a leader Time," did not appear until he was 53. home to be cured. In the next twenty-five years he pub- in his profession. The elder Mitchell The story as related by friends of Dr. lished twenty-one volumes, The Red also wrote several poems and short Mitchell is to the effect that the physi- City appearing when he was 78. stories which were considered meritor- clan himself, while visiting Paris, suf- Hugh Wynne, François, Dr. lous productions. fered a recurrence of a nervous ailment North and His Friends," and others S. Wier Mitchell was one of eight chil- attributed to overwork. Without di- have a constant vogue. dren. Three of his brothers served in vulging his identity, he called on a spe- the civil war. He was graduated from cialist with whose name he was familiar His " Ode on n Lycian Tomb." Jefferson in medicine in 1850, after he as being that of a man famous in both Critics have said that the leading had been obliged to give up his studies hemispheres. on account of ill-health. It is notable see that you are an American," motive of Dr. Mitchell's later verse that Dr. Mitchell early in life attracted remarked the French physician, after reaches its finest expression in his the attention of that other great Ameri- some preliminary conversation. can physician-author. Oliver Wendell Yes,' replied Dr. Mitchell, "I am." Ode on a Lycian Tomb." which reads: Holmes, They met at the home of the And from what city do you come?' What gracious nunnery of grief is here! elder Mitchell, and so pleased was Dr. inquired the Parisian. One woman garbed in sorrow's every mood; Holmes with some of the yound doctor's Philadelphia," said the visitor. Each sad presentment celled apart, in fear verses that he gave him a copy of his And do you mean to say that you, Lest that herself upon herself intrude, own 'Ballad of the Constitution," a resident of Philadelphia, come to me And break some tender dream of sorrow's which Dr. Mitchell cherished through- to be treated when there resides in day, Here cloistered lonely, set in marble gray. out his life. your home city the most famous nerve specialist in the world? exclaimed the A Research Worker, o pale procession of immortal love. Frenchman. Forever married to Immortal grief! In the decade preceding the civil To whom do you refer?" asked the All of life's childlike sorrow far above, author. Past help of time's compassionate relief: war, Dr. Mitchell published many To Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. of course," These changeless stones are treasuries of re- works on subjects pertaining to his replied the specialist, and to think gret that you have never heard of him! he And mock the term by time for sorrow set. profession. He was a research work- exclaimed in conclusion, raising his er in the best sense of the word, de- Cold mourners-set in stone so long ago, hands in astonishment. voting a good deal or his attention to In 1908, Dr. Mitchell was elected a Too much my thoughts have dwelt with poisons. particularly the chemical na- thee apart. foreign Fellow of the Royal Society of ture of snake venoms. His monograph Again my grief is young: full well I know England, the oldest and most dis- on rattlesnake poison was brought Sut The pang reborn. that mocked my feeble art tinguished scientific society in the With that too human wall in pain expressed, by the Smithsonian Institution, and a few years ago he read an important English speaking world. There were The parent cry above the empty nest. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Dr. S. Weir Mitchell The Committee appointed for the purpose reported through Dr. Brunnow an appreciation of Dr. Mitchell prepared by Miss Minot and a tribute by Dr. Taylor to Dr. Mitchell's eminent qualities as a physician, and upon motion the same were adopted and ordered to be entered upon the records of the Association. Dr. iMtchell was so universally beloved and admired and his personality, his life, and his great achievements in science and literature are so well known to the world, that it is difficult to add to his praise and to say anything that hiars not already been better said else- where. But of one point in his full and many-sided career this is indeed the place to speak: of his love for Bar Harbor and his active concern in the interests of the village, and especially in this Society. He found renewed strength, refreshment, and in- spiration in his walks over the wooded slopes and rocky heights of this island; every afternoon saw him setting out for a ramble, and he has often said, that when alone among the hills, his best thoughts came to him for the poem or the novel then in his mind. He did a great deal to make these beautiful paths well known, often taking his friends or even strangers up the mountains or into the woods; and no more delight- ful companion could be imagined, full of eager interest 18 and all kinds of information about the island and its natural wonders. He furthered the objects of the Village Improvement Association in every possible way and as only he could, obtaining for it several gifts of large tracts of land and subscriptions for its various undertakings; and it was owing to his suggestion that the Village Green was secured to the Association. During his tenure of office as Chairman of the Roads and Paths Committee he was untiring in laying out new trails, and he continued his interest in this work by suggestions and assistance to his successors. Only last autumn he planned a path to open up an al- most untrodden part of the island, the region lying be- tween Eagle Lake Road and Fawn Pond, with Young's Mountain as its principal summit. May we hope that this plan will be carried out as a fitting memorial to him and as an expression of our reverent admiration of his noble character, his lofty ideals, his brilliant and versatile mind, and of our undying gratitude for all he did on behalf of the welfare of this island. Chap. 12 COPY Coskos Club Washington, D.C. Jan. 27, 1914. Dear Mr. Lynam: I send you back these deeds. Dr. Palmer, the Ass't Chief of the Biologic Survey and leading man in the Federal Service in the Gov't's bird protection work, went with me two days ago to see the Chief Clerk of the Land Office, Mr. Frank Bond, who will pre- pare the papers for the Sec'y of the Interior & the President to sign and whose advice is likely to be conclusive in the matter. And he was most encouraging; thought I had by now abundant material to show cause for acceptance (this of course not to be spoken of outside as yet, as Sec'y Lane has not been as yet been spoken to about the matter & I don't want it to come to him in the talk of others first, but from myself) and that the thing to do was now to push the deeds, etc. along as rapidly as possible. As Dr. Palmer said to me, everything is favorable at the moment but change is always going on - in men & influence, & points of view, and we may lose this opportunity by waiting. What Mr. Bond wants & will be strict in exacting is 1 A set of deeds for filing, in due legal form, each one of which will set forth as a preamble that the land is deeded to the Gov't - under the title of "The United States of America" I for the purpose of creating a National Monument, or park, of historic, scientific & scenic interest (i.e limiting it to these & similar uses). And ending with the statement or condition that if abandoned by the United States - i.e., no longer retained by them for such purpose - it shall return to the donating association, not be sold or otherwise disposed of. 11 An outline map, or drawing showing clearly the bounds of 2 3 Gov't ownership, (not only in lots as acquired, for future reference but) in a well defined outline, continuous so far as possible, & drawn so as to make as few separate tracts as possible. or doubtful points of new beginning in survey description. The Morrison claim tract he would include in the Gov't proclamation, but we had best come to some agreement with Morrison if possible lest he make trouble over the transfer, later. Please let me know what you and Mr. Deasy think is possible. III) A Surveyor's description of the whole outline, not mace in elaborate detail but from point to point, and outlining the lake shores as well as land bounds. Where these are Great Ponds & do not themselves pass in the ownership such lines could pass back of the actual shore or over the water, according to the indent- ations, or curving of the shore, from point to point, several hundred feet perhaps spart.. the idea being to establish a general location, for filing with the map, & making doubly clear all start- ing points of survey mentioned in the deeds. The Newport Mountain tracts Mr. Bond would omit at present, leaving these for the present with the Association, till more is obtained, or perhaps letting this whole mountain pass - enclosed by the Ocean Drive - into the charge of the holding corporation. If the corporation should ac- quire funds for development later on, this might be best. Or if the Gov' should make appropriation later for such development, the other plan. It also might be easier to acquire the lands for the Trustees' present holding, than to seek them in the Gov'ts name. These Newport Mt. lands should ultimately extend to the Ocean front by the Cadillac path & Thunder Hole. 3-s Similarly, #18 lot Mr. Bond thought best omitter for the present. The Champlain Monument should pass to the Gov't, it seems to me. It will help to emphasize the historic interest, & the Gov'ts reasons for establishing the monument. The Green Mt. Carriage Road should .lso pas. to the Gov't, with the land to which it gives access. The lands with various claims upon them had best have those claims settled where possible before proclamation I wish you and Mr. Deasy would talk this over and let me know what can be done in your opinion. The Water Co rights, of course. etc. are all right. But the rights to cut wood or for a railway - if still existent, which I did not suppose it to be - or claim to ownership under tax or other deeds if likely to make trouble, etc. etc. The tract we do convey we want to be as free as possible for the broadest public use, & free from likelihood of litigation or rights in dispute, to discourage the Gov't in assuming control or in holding and making developments later. I have had a great deal of hard work to do to bring things to so favorable a point. & death or accident - even premature publica. tion of intention in the papers I might lose us what may else be now looked on as at least for upon the way to accomplishment. And I have got powerful support enlisted here I do not want to lose by waiting. Hence the more repidly we can move the better The Gov't will probably take considerable time when the papers reach it also, & the matter should be concluded as early in the Spring as possible, when I can get the papers to take it up while people are again becoming interested in country life & nature. Three of my Nat. Geographic Articles are now done & accepted, and the illustrations - some 18 in all - chosen. And Dr. Eliot is at work on his. The series will come out about the first of June, Deo volente. And Country Life in America will print another, which it has asked me to write upon the Gardens of Bar Harbor, at about the same time , with further illustrations. And Mr. Grant La Farge - one of the leading architects in New York - has offered to write another yet upon the Arboretum & Wild Garden scheme for the chief Architectural magazine in the Country. so that, if all goes well in the meantime, the whole subject should be well & widely placed before the public. AS it also will be by the mere fact of the Gov't proclamation of the Monument, if it does proclaim it, as it will be the first to be established this side of the Rockies and must thus assure considerable interest & attention. I have been working rather too hard to get things along while all seemed so favorable, & have been laid up with a bad cold but now am better &about again. I shall return to Boston in a day or two. Yours sincerely George B. Dorr Jan. 27, 1914. Source 2 "Garden Approaches to the National lloncoment. Sieur de llonts Publications XVII: ditions. It has received the warm approval, not only of the Secretary of the Interior and National Park Service but, survey the great triumphs of landscape art in the Old World, the of architects and gardeners and botanists of international clearer it becomes to us that those who designed and built and planted authority and reputation. them worked with knowledge and in sympathetic understanding of the natural surroundings and resources, the native flora of the region Among them all, none has said a better word of hopeful- and the trees and plants that could be grown in it successfully; that ness and encouragement regarding it than the writer of the they were the very antithesis of paper performers, inspired by hazy letter-written in the earlier stages of the undertaking-with views derived from the perusal of seductive catalogues. I have an invincible belief in our need for the completest study of which this paper closes, Mr. C. Grant LaFarge of New York, past examples. I shall not rest until we have added a Fellowship a director of the American Institute of Architects, trustee and in Landscape Design to our American Academy in Rome. But I also am sure that the men who are to do great work in this country and secretary of the American Academy at Rome, an architect of our vision hardly tells us yet how marvellous it may be - must wide experience who has made a lifelong study also of our know. to their fingertips, what this country offers of trees and shrubs native flora and these garden plants. and flowers and all growing things, and what may be done with them. When they know this, and use their knowledge, we shall have Ameri- GEORGE B. DORR. can gardens. To acquire this knowledge under present conditions is well-nigh impossible. The country is too vast; its flora too scattered. Even the most superb examples of wild growth are but stimulating Dcar George:- suggestions, not made available by opportunity for close study and by certainty of what transplanting, cultivation, care and breeding will The papers which you have asked me to examine, setting forth the project for developing a wild-life sanctuary and tree and plant exhibit accomplish. Your plan offers all this. If you succeed with it, I SCC all those and experiment station on Mount Desert Island, seem to me to who would equip themselves with what their art demands of them describe a plan of comprehensive and striking interest. You ask me flocking to it from all quarters of the country. It would be a god- to tell you what I think of it. It appeals to me on so many sides send, not only to those who live in approximately similar regions- that I can hardly deal with them all. As one long concerned with there is none just like it-but to those others whose lives are cast in the question of preserving our native fauna in the only effective ways, far less interesting places, of dull topography and limited flora. such as game refuges and laws protecting migratory species, there is can think of no one thing that could be done in America, more greatly much I should like to say on this phase of the scheme as well as on its to contribute to and to advance the art and the practice of American splendid aspect as a permanent great natural pleasure ground for many people. But these I must pass by to emphasize a specific landscape design. Good luck to you.) point which strikes me forcibly, in view of my professional convictions. Sincerely yours, Our community is aware but dimly, and in spots, of the tremendous (Signed) C. GRANT LAFARGE strides being made in the art of architecture in America. Only those January 22, 1914. who, with open minds and trained eyes, contrast the body of our performance with its current equivalent in the Old World can appre- ciate it, and realize that it is cause, not for boasting but, for ardent hope and constantly greater effort. Many forces are at work, among them none stronger than the rapid and sure elevation and increase of our educational methods. Along with our architectural advance must go that of the sister art of landscape design. There is no need for me to point out to you the intimacy of the alliance or the urgent necessity that equipment for the practice of the latter be, both theoretically and practically, of the fullest. No constructive art can achieve its full development while those who practice it think in terms of its expression upon paper, and not in terms of the materials they have to use. There is only one way to gain the power to use these materials; that is, to have a close and comprehensive personal acquaintance with them. The more we 18 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston. February 9th, 1914. Mr A. H. Lynam, Bar Harbor, Maine. My dear Mr Lynam, when I was in New York a few days ago I went to see Mr William H. Bliss with regard to his wife's land on Newport Mountain. I told him what we were seeking to accomplish, both in regard to the National Monument and the Trustees Board. He was greatly inter- ested at the thought of what might be accomplished by the latter, and asked me to let him have ray papers on the subject to go over with his wife. I think that SO far as his influence with her extends we shall get the land, but that he may probably prefer to have it pass - for the present at least - into the keeping of the Trustees Board, as giving more definite assurance of control in sympathy with his adjoining ownership. with reference to this, he suggested of his own accord making the boundary pass not through the woods immed lately below the mountain but down below these woods upon the meadow - far enough off to lead a path along below the cliff in the open with opportunity for view. This seems to offer an oppor- tunity important to take if possible and one that it will be wise not to let wait. Mr Bliss asked me if I would let him have some map showing in a general way their property and its relation to the mountain sides and summit, and also to Professor Brunnow's land and the land he gave 2 draw out - in a diagramatic way / such a map yourself, one that will enable him to talk the matter over intelligently with his wife. Just where the line should be drawn upon the meadow I cannot tell from memory with certainty but should think it ought to lie not far from the foot of the rising ground which Peach has cultivated and where he has kept his bigs at different times. One has to get fairly well off there in order to get the most striking view of the cliff above the beech trees; but I think the path might best go part way up the slope of this cultivated rise, with space enough below for planting out any disfigurement that might be made upon for the meadow and eeping manure piles, pig-yards and the like hereafter at a distance. will you take such opportunity as you will find to go and take a look at it and write me word - sending me up a plan also if you can ? I do not want to do anything to make Peach conversant with the matter at this stage, as he would be certain to write to Mrs Bliss in hindrance of it. Nor would my plan involve disturbing his occu- hent pation of this land in a way to lessen present to Mr Bliss. I simply want to secure the land for path-development hereafter. Yours truly, G.B. Dost Charles W. Ellot to Hon. Woodrow Wilson 17 Fresh Pond Parkway Cambridge, Mass. April 14, 1914. Dear Mr. President: May I commend to your friendly attention my friend Mr. George B. Dorr, of Boston and Bar Harbor, who has in mind a plan for a National Monument at Mount Desert Island which seems to me to be of high value, and capable of effective execution. I am thoroughly acquainted with Mr. Dorr's plan, and I am in full sympathy with him as to its merits. No private person has the least pecuniary interest in it, and on Mr. Dorr's part it is wholly a work of public spirit. I am, with high regards, Sincerely yours, Charles W. Eliot. Hon. Woodrow Wilson. MOUNT DESERT NURSERIES BAR HARBOR MAINE 21. May 1914. Dear Sir. we have dispred of the Nurseries branch al North East Harbor to Mr Kirk who took possession last Monday The first payment and the fapers connected with the transfer are in' the hands of Messrs teasy and hyman awaiting a meeting J the Corporation. Mr Kirk does not propose to occupy the house rented by you from M. bandage. will for take up the matte of the lease with them? fours truly A.Y. shatche. George B. Dorr Easy 18 Commone earth.,Ave: Boston. WESTE UNION Form 2259 B NIGHT SETTER THEO. N. VAIL, PRESIDENT RECEIVED AT the WESTERN UNION BUILDING, 195 Broadway, N. Y. ALWAYS OPEN MAY 27TH 1914 I R YP 330 PAID NL (1) BAR-HARBOR MAINE MAY 26TH X1176 DR CHAS W ELLIOTT, HARVARD CLUB, NEW YORK AM SENDING OUT CALL IN YOUR NAME FOR MEETING SUBJECT RESERVATION TRUSTEES NEXT THURSDAY BAR-HARBOR TO AUTHORIZE DEED AND TRANSFER TO FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FOUND EVERYTHING FAVORABLE AT WASHINGTON BUT S6 PROMPT ACTION STRONGLY URGED BY DR PALMER ASSISTANT CHIEF BIOLOGIC 3 SURVEY ON ACCOUNT OF THE PENDING CHANGES IN STAFF AND BECAUSE OF toothy IMPORTANT BEARINGS OF OUR UNDERTAKINGS HERE ON OTHER CONSERVATIONAL WORK. HE APPROVES WARMLY THE PLAN OUTLINED IN MY LETTER TO YOU FOR APPALACHIAN AND ATLANTIC COAST SYSTEM OF WILD LIFE BIRD AND PLANT PRESERVES WHICH CARRIED OUT UPON LIBERAL SCALE HE SAYS WOULD HAVE my RESULTS AT THIS TIME ESPECIALLY OF INCALCULABLE IMPORTANCE IN A DIOLOGIC WAY DR COVILLE CHIEF BOTOLIST AGRICULTURAL DEPT AND THE HIA 2. WESTE UNION Form 2280 b ANUNION NIGHT BETTER THEO. N. VAIL, PRESIDENT RECEIVED AT the WESTERN UNION BUILDING, 195 Broadway, N.) Y. ALWAYS OPEN IR YP 330 PAID NL, (2) BAR-HARBOR MAINE MAY 26TH 1914 UNITED STATES FORESTERY SERVICE DONT SAY THE SAME AND OFFER COOPERATION IN DRAWING UP EFFECTIVE PLAN PALMER SAYS WORK ALONG SIMILAR BROAD LINES LATELY BEGUN IN GERMANY WITH GOVERNMENT COOPERATION, HE IS ANXIOUS NO DELAY MOUNTDESERT SCHEME HOWEVER AS INFLUENCE OF SUCH ACTION GREATLY NEEDED NOW IN VIEW OF OPPORTUNITY 1914 IMPORTANT TO SECURE ELSEWHERE EDITOR NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC ASKED ME July AS YOU HAD PREVIOUSLY IF 1 COULD OUTLINE PLAN FOR UNDERTAKING OF NATIONAL- SCOPE WHICH OURS HERE WOULD ILLUSTRATE AND MAKE PART OF I SHOWED HIM COPY LETTER TO YOU WHICH HE APPROVED WARMINGLY AND WISHES TO PUBLISH ALONG WITH YOURS MINE FERNALDS AND FORBUSHS IN JULY ISSUE MAGAZINE TO SHOW NATIONAL CHARACTER OF AIMS WE ARE PURSUING HERE I HAVE AGREED IF YOU APPROVE I TELEPHONED YOU REGARDING CALL FOR MEETING MRS ELLIOTT ANSWERED MY STENOGRAPHER SENT YOU BY 3. WESTER UNION Form 2289 B RUNION NIGHT BETTER (3) THEO. N. VAIL, PRESIDENT RECEIVED AT the WESTERN UNION BUILDING, 195 Broadway, N.) Y. ALWAYS OPEN IR YP 330 PAID NL BAR-HARBOR MAINE MAY 26TH 1914 MESSENGER MAY TWENTY FIRST COPY LETTER REFERRED TO ALREADY READ BY YOU COPIES OF THE PAPER REFERRED TO IN MARGIN OF LETTER BY WALLACE AND OTHERS SENT TO YOUR HOUSE THIS AFTERNOON BUT CAME AFTER YOU HAD LEFT MRS ELLIOT SAYS MY TRIP TO WASHINGTON PREVENTED EARLIER SENDING GOVERNOR CONSIDERS YOUR PAPER A MOVING AND EFFECTIVE STATEMENT AND HE AND PALMER BOTH THINK THE JULY ISSUE GROUP SUPPORTED BY OUR ACTION HERE WILL EXERT STRONG INFLUENCE, GEO B DORR, 452 AM MAY 27TH the Cambridge, Case. June 1, 1914. Dear Mr. Dorr: ct 1 have sent to Jerome D. Greene your abbreviated statement called "What I Propose, 11 the map of the project, all the abbreviated citations from other authors that you have sont ne, with the list thereof which you provided. All the articles on the list were included. To-day I have received from you the article entitled "The Treatment of Readsides;" and I have read it with much satisfaction. It reminds me of sentimente which Charles entertained. Did you mean INC to include this article with the papers I have forwarded to Hr. Greene? If so, I have failed to accomplish your pur- pose; and you had better mail this paper to him. The enclosed list of persons and societies was among the papers I received from you; but 1 did not find it alluded to in any of then; so I return it to you. I found also the enclosed sheet which seens to relate to PHIN come different matter. Sincerely yours, George B. Borr, Psq. Appleton Papers., TTOR. B.6.f.19. Appleton letter (June 5, 1914) to George F. Peabody. Describing the history of solicitation in a letter explaining why the subscription funds were being returned, Appleton states that: "The Boston part of [Dorr's] Committee seems to have dissolved early, leaving only Mr. George B. Dorr. He and I did everything we could think of to push the matter along and even guaranteed the $50,000 [of the $200,000 estimated cost] which we supposed was the only condition necessary. There was opposition at the various hearings before the City of Cambridge Council the project became politically impossible." In a similar letter explaining why politics "spoiled thee whole thing," (July 15, 1914) to Francis Shaw, Appleton identifies the "Roman Catholic Hierarchy" as among the opponents. 26 East 37th Street, New York, July 15, 1914. Francis Shaw, Esq., Wayland, Mass. Dear Frank: The further explanation of the enclosed check is that ten or twelve years ago you subscribed $1.00.00 toward the cost of building a boulevard approach to the Harvard yard from the Charles River Parkway. You were assured at the time that the City of Cambridge would build such a parkway GTDP at a cost of about $200,000.00, provided Harvard on would assume one-quarter of the cost. George Dorr and I at once guaranteed $50,000.00 and did all that we could to put the thing through. Some opposition developed among property holders. I thought it a strike at the time, although the Roman Catholic Hierarchy were the persons involved. At any rate, the thing became politically impossible. I have held the money for 3. long time and feel that now there is nothing for me to do but to consider the project abandoned and return the subscriptions. The accumulated interest amounts to 61,866%. It is a disappointment that this fine approach to the yerd could not have been accomplished but the loss of it will not be so much felt in the future since in the meantime the large property has been bought and is held for the college benefit/between the river and Mt. Auburn Street, a portion of which is already utilized for the Freshmen Dormitories. This property, when it finally comes into the college hands, will give an opportunity for some sort of a driveway through the grounds from the river to Mt. Auburn Street and then a further approach to the yard through Linden Street, which, by reason of the controlled borders may become a sort of private way. HRA If anyone should feel disposed to give money to the Riverside trustees, the owners of that property, which is to be the second college yard, would be happy to receive it and apply it toward development of the property for appearance sake. 2 Recently the Freshmen Dormitories have been built on this land. In due time the remaining portion of the land now covered with houses and buildings will come into possession of the college and be formed into another college yard. Through this new yard bordered on the riverside by the Fresh- men Dormitories an opportunity will exist for a driveway through to Mt. Auburn St. and from Mt. Auburn St. a contin- uation to the old yard via Linden Street, which later be- ing controlled on either side by college interests, may be- come in effect a private way. Thus, although the public plan has been abandoned something similar may be looked for in time through the college property when the means are pro- vided. Should any of the subscribers whose money is now returned care to send back the whole or part to the Riverside Trustees of which I am one, the holders of the title to the new yard property such sun will be used to devel op as above set out in their discretion. The college I am informed is now seeking from its own resources means to clear of existing tenements a small tract immediately behind the new Freshmen Dormitories in or- der to give more suitable surroundingsto these fine build- ings. Very truly yours, [F. R. Appleton, Jr.] Mount Desert Islander 8/18/2005 SECTION 1 PAGE 9 Rockefeller generosity built Acadia Editor's Note: The following much of their time and money is the third of a four-part series to make Acadia National Park a about Acadia National Park's It was unique and beautiful place. The founding fathers. trustees began acquiring prop By Paul S. Richardson only fitting erty that eventually became Aca- dia National Park. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. was that Mr. Rockefeller was In 1915, the automobile ban born Jan, 29, 1874 in Cleveland, on Mount Desert Island was Ohio the fifth child and only able to see the fruition lifted. This encouraged Mr. son of Baptist parents. From his father he learned a love of the of his dream of Rockefeller to build a system of carriage roads away from the outdoors and the skill of build- 26.2 miles of motor roads noisy smoking belching autos. ing roads. He believed that na It was Mr. Rockefeller who envi- ture is evidence of God. He from mountaintop to the ocean sioned and built the 57 miles of loved riding and driving horses carriage roads between 1913 and and was reported to be an ac- and 57 miles of 1940. With cars now permitted complished driver of a four-in- on the island, he realized that a hand. beautiful carriage roads and bridges system of motor roads would In 1908 John D. Rockefeller, also be needed. The Jordan Pond Jr. and his family summered in before he died in 1960 Eagle Lake Road, which he Bar Harbor so his wife Abby at the age of 86. built, established the standards (Aldrich) could be near her doc- for road design and quality of tor, who was summering in Blue work which have made the Hill. Their third child, Nelson park's motor roads so beautiful. Aldrich Rockefeller, later to be In 1947, before all the motor the second vice-president of the With the completion of his training in the West. However, roads were completed, he saw United States born in Maine, cottage, and having bought ad in 1921 Paul Simpson had to re the destruction caused by the was delivered on Aug 8 in Bar ditional land around Little Long place his father when the elder great forest fire and contributed Harbor. In all, the couple had Pond, Mr. Rockefeller began Simpson became ill. Mr. Rocke funds and crews for the cleanup SIX children. Along with Nelson building carriage roads on his feller walked all the road sites and to maintain all the carriage they had a daughter, Abby, and property. in 1913. The first car with the Simpsons and knew all roads on park lands. sons John III, Laurance, riage road began at the entrance the station points on every plan. It was only fitting that Mr. Winthrop and David. to the Rockefeller property, fol- He greatly influenced the degree Rockefeller was able to see the The Rockefellers returned to lowed the eastern side of Barr of the grades, the style of the fruition of his dreams of 26.2 the island for the next two sum Hill and continued south along granite coping stones, the cre miles of motor roads from mers, renting houses at Seal Little Long Pond. The roadwork ation of views and the natural mountain top to the ocean Harbor, a quiet village away was done by road contractors appearance of the roads. The ex and 57 miles of beautiful car- from the many social activities Alanson E. Clement and traordinary capabilities he dis- riage roads and bridges before of Bar Harbor. In 1910 they Chauncey D. Joy and was com played in the design and execu- he died in 1960 at the age of 86. bought Samuel Fessenden pleted in June 1914 at a cost of tion of the carriage road system No other man has given so Clark's house, "The Eyrie, with $14,321.40 (This amount would earned him an honorary mem- much for SQ many people as this 150 acres on Barr Hill for be equivalent to $176,440 in bership in the American Society quiet man with his love of na- $26,000. The Eyrie originally 1988, according to the Bureau of of Landscape Architects. ture's beauty. had 65 rooms; after several years Labor Statistics.) In September 1914, Mr. Rock Reporter LaRue Spiker wrote of remodeling and expansion, it In the early days of building efeller received George B. Dorr's in The Ellsworth American on contained 107 rooms, 44 fire carriage roads it appears that letter introducing himself and July 20 1978: The Eyrie, famed places and 22 bathrooms. Mr. Rockefeller was in charge of his activities with the Hancock summer residence of the late Also in 1910, John D Rocke all the layouts for the roads, As County Trustees of Public John D. Rockefeller, Jr. is gone feller, Jr. made what he called he began to conceive other Reservations, He indicated that from the Seal Harbor scene, but one of the most important de- roads, he realized he would need President Eliot, a mutual friend, the thumbprint of its owner will cisions of my life." He decided to help with the design and surveys had told him of Mr. Rocke- remain on Mount Desert Island give up his day-to-day. business in order to keep ahead of the feller's interest in protecting and for a long time to come. ROCKEFELLER FAMILY ARCHIVES management and become a phil- road crews. In 1916 he was for developing land for public use. anthropist. He realized that his tunate to hire Charles P. Simp This was the beginning of a long Writer Paul S. Richardson is a National Park and to great wealth should be directed son from Sullivan who was an and lasting relationship between local historian and resident of ge roads. to worthy projects. expert engineer from years of two great men who gave so Otter Creek. DAVE H. MORRIS 19 EAST 70 IN STREET NEW YORK October 5th, 1914. My dear Dorr:- I have been to see Henry B. Anderson, attorney for the estate of George W. Vanderbilt, and have talked over with him the Building of Arts matters. Everybody concerned is anxious to help along the Building of Arts, and the only reason why the trustees of the estate are unable to donate the three one thousand dollar bonds of the Building of Arts and to pay one fifth of the $20,000. note endorsed by George Vanderbilt for the Building of Arts, making one transaction hinge on the other, is that it would be illegal to do so. The two transactions are entirely separate, and by no twist of logic can they be connected because the parties of the re- spective transactions are different. In the case of the bonds, you have the trustees with a minor infant on the one side, and the Building of Arts on the other side. Whereas in the case of the note, you have the five endorsers on the one side, and the Bar Harbor Banking & Trust Co. on the other side. It seems that the total amount of the first mortgage bonds is $15,000., and Anderson asked me whether the Building of Arts, together with the real estate, was not worth that sum. As I think it is worth that amount, I had to answer yes. Therefore, these first mo rtgage bonds, in my opinion, are worth par. As the owner of these bonds, Cornelia Vanderbilt, is a minor only fourteen -2- years old, she cannot donate these bonds to the corporation, nor can the trustees on her behalf do so, nor can the court appoint any one to do SO for her. The only thing the trustees can do on behalf of the estate is to sell those bonds for their market value. I assume that Mr. William K. Vanderbilt might be induced to purchase these bonds at their market value and donate them to the Building of Arts Association if it can be shown to his satis- faction that his brother George W. Vanderbilt promised to you, as the president of the Building of Arts Association, that he in- tended to make a gift of these bonds with the coupons attached to the Association, and that his death prevented him from carrying out his intention. I have always understood that when Mr. George Vander- bilt received these three one thousand dollar bonds for the money he loaned the Building of Arts Association, that he always con- sidered the loan in the nature of a gift, and my belief is re- enforced by the fact that he never cut any of the coupons on the bonds, but I am unable to make a more positive statement to the trustees, SO unless you can make a positive statement of your own knowledge or get some one else to make such a statement, the trus- tees will be placed in an awkward situation. I believe that Mrs. George Vanderbilt never even knew of the existence of these three bonds, and therefor has no information in regard to the transaction. I understand the trustees are perfectly willing to pay the $4000. on the note SO as to be relieved from further liability, but as stated before, this payment is entirely an independent trans- -3- action and cannot be hooked up with the other one. As some of the other owners of the remaining bonds may die and thereby create a similar situation to the one we now have on hand, might it not be advisable to get them all to donate and hand in the remaining bonds as soon as possible so that there may be no further uncertainty and the transaction finally cleaned up. With kindest regards, Yours as ever, George B. Dorr, Esq., Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Mass/. AN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. NEW HAVEN, CONN., October 12th,1914. Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., New York City. My dear Mr. Rockefeller: The quiet and refreshing life of Seal Harbor seems rather far off now that we are back again in town, with all the burden of obligations, the noise and hurry, and everything else that that involves. I do not, however, wish to have the season close without expressing to you the appreciation which I have of all that you have done to make our part of Mt. Desert 80 permanently attractive for those of us who are fortunate enough to have our summer homes there. It is a great satisfaction to be able to think of that fine area of woods and hills between Barr Hill and Jordan Pond as owned by you, and that it will be developed not commercially, but with an eye to the natural beauties in which it is so rich. The acquirement of the Beech Hill prop- erty, of which Mr. Stebbins has told me, is another step which means a great deal to all the lovers of nature on the Island, and it is certainly a most broadminded and generous thing for you to secure this wonderfully attractive spot before it has been taken possession of by others who might injure its scenic beauty, or place obstacles in the way of its enjoyment by the summer residents on the Island. The new Barr Hill road, which we owe to you, is one of the great attractions about Seal Harbor, and this will be still more the case when the work now projected, carrying it on to Jordan Pond, CAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. NEW HAVEN, CONN. is complete. I went over the road early in the season, and again a couple of months later, and was interested to see with what judgment you had cut out the unimportant trees so as to give a succession of rarely beautiful views, and also allow the fine pines on the eastern slope to gain their best development. We are fortunate in that you personally take BO keen an interest in this particular kind of outdoor work, and are able to study it from the standpoint of one to whom the natural beauties are the prime element. Personally, as you know, I am one of the oldest of the com- paratively recent comers to Seal Harbor, and it has been very in teresting to watch its development since 1895. The fact that a year or two previous, Mr. Cooksey had acquired so much property, and that the treatment of this fell into the hands of Mr. Stebbins and some of the other gentlemen of the Cooksey connection, who had the same interests, has resulted in giving the place as a whole a character which I am sure is not possessed by any other summer resort in the country. It is a great refreshment to those of us who have thrown in our lot with the place to spend our free time in the summer under conditions of scenery and climate which are BC delightful. In the hope that the winter may pass peacefully with you all, and that another summer may find us once more in Seal Harbor, I am Very sincerely yours, [Edward Salisbury Dana] ber of Boston Authors' Club. Among his recent publications are: "The Pilgrims and Other Poems," 1907: "A Teacher of Dante," 1907: and "Peace and Progress," 1904. His translations include "Anna Karenina" and other works of Count Tolstoi, and novels by Valdes, Verga, Von Scheffel, Daudet, and Von Koch, and num- *LO erous volumes, of which the best known is the so-called multi- BOR variorum edition of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, in two and volumes. Resides at "Hedgecote," Jamaica Plain (Boston), Mass. MAH and has a summer home, "The Moorings," at Ogunquit, Me. CHD GEORGE BUCKNAM DORR. BORN in Jamaica Plain (now Boston), Mass., December 29, 1853. DIE Son of Charles H. and Mary Gray (Ward) Dorr. In Europe five years, spent in study and travel. Continued his studies as a graduate student at Harvard and elsewhere sev *W eral years. Travelled again in Europe and visited Greece, Egypt, BOR and the Holy Land. Has given much attention to the study of Emi plant-life and to landscape gardening at his summer home at DIE Bar Harbor, Mt. Desert, Me. Member of Somerset and Tavern Clubs of Boston. Resides at 18 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston. JO JAMES DWIGHT. BOR BORN in Paris, France, July 14, 1852. Son of Thomas (Harvard, (Ha 1827) and Mary Collins (Warren) Dwight. MA MARRIED January 12, 1887, in Boston, Mass., to Elizabeth Iasigi. CH CHILDREN: Dorothy, b. July 15, 1888. B Alfred Warren, b. July 28, 1889, d. May 4, 1893. Ma Ruth, b. January 18, 1891. M. Philip Joseph, b. March 16, 1892. Elizabeth, b. February 24, 1894. Bos Richard Warren, b. April 30, 1903. Harvard of Medical School, receiving degree of M.D., June 25, Mass. Practiced 1879. Relinquished medicine Hospital in one Nahant, year. House physician at Boston Lying-in for a while in Boston, and in summer the active practice of medicine some years and publisher of two books. President of United States Lawn ago. In 1881-83 prominent in lawn tennis matters as a player, Bo Tennis Association, 1901-12. Member of Somerset Club of An M [ 32 ] 1 five enemy ATHLETIC FIELD TO BE MADE PUBLIC TAKK overy was Saturda sk penalty romise defense Gift Of Mrs. J. S. Kennedy This Week Makes Possible Best Real offen. red early of first Park In State-Plans Being Made For Rest Room pick up town, the YMCA and YWCA are meeting in 1913. At the lower to match October 3, 1914 Pomroy George B. Donr, Erneabo G. Fab- end of what - formerty School The best public park for Ber bm, Augustus Thorndike, Charles street, the road now swung hreat came Harbor, or any city ON town of F. Paine, Guy E. Torrey, A. S. off bo the right, making the turn Bar Har- its size in the state, a public rest Rodick, and A. H. Lynam. The into Cromwell Marbor road in this Niche off follow- room with all accessories, and bown will have the use of the direction more essay and not der Vie nd TD and shaded walks leading out from it park given in trust with the stir around a sharp angle former- First he yerdage. to all the mountain paths is made pubation of keeping it in good ly. Harbor n Cameron possible by the gift of condition for a public park. Grossing Oromwell Harbor al, Ber first downs Mrs. John S. Kennedy, Hour Hur- It in the plan of Mrs. Kennedy road, the Gorge road will be Riche d it looked bor's beneficent summer rem- and the board of trustees to deed constructed across the pro- Lawren headed for dent, who has thin werk conferr- over at once the hand that is now panty of Mr. Dorr parallel Harbor. aimed an ed to trustees for the perpetual occupied by the YMCA and and at some little distance to the Josep but new his public user the athletic field, YWCA tennis counts to them res- right of the brook intersecting tin M. e end zone so-ralled, including the YMCA pective unsociations By the what is now known as Ledge- Berti let, and the and the YWCA tennis courts, changing of the position of one dawn extension and continuing G. Sau ver. comprising in all more than m x of the courts it will be possible.- to on as the Gorge road, this name Leabe reached acres of bund. put in two in its place, thus giv- being given the section of the ex- in the third Young, This handsome gift of Mrs. ink two courts to essets of the are tension below the point of inter- d off right John Kennedy's, donor of the brauti- sociations. section. The upper section of the nd galloped ful new YWCA building. which extension will become a part of Young At the end of the strip north of pushed out last year belonged to the Mount the interneting road other than Ledgelawn avenue proper. This Char lucksport 2 Desert Transit Company. in which that occupied by the tennis road across Mr. Dorr's property Bar H llowed with the late Mr. Kennedy was a share court. it is the plan of the trus- has already been laid out and ac- Harbor the TI) holder. was given over to the in interest the town in the cepted by the town. Mr Dorr Vera tackle for trustees as soon as Mrs. Kennedy burding bungalow for kindly the right of way Associa score now had acquired the sole right to the athletic teams tn keep their togs. From this as a starting point. Geor 11 minutes property. for is rest room for visitors in shaded walks will lead out to all sociate The trustees who hold the In. supplied with lavora the mountain paths The one on product I property to the deeded over is the times and all accessories. and to Main street will lead out : lo- arly in the Williar REGIONAL SCHOOL have stationed there during the wer Main, and a new path to be Desert qualifies instructed along the lower end nitutes mid- Continued from Page Pau tter Mean- rive information i., touria's as : of the park u follow the course Sawtelle. of Northeast Harbor the wall pleasure of the Gorge road below rom- 1. Me Lon por wall act as implementation Millings they well Harbor road will give a more may wish to know about the chairman. walk to paths in that sec- Catalano, too loose: to Refreshments were served at tion. Shaded walks also lead t the the conclusion of business activi- Work has already been done to along both sides of Park road L White, of issue the park one of the most ties by hostesses Ann Avery, He- which has been extended over to Lovia R. c d his len Bunker, and Elizabeth Wood- beautiful in in seen anywhere Glen Mary park, giving that park Huston, iren mith under the direction of George B. worth. distinction. These walks will from Dorr, who has always had the SEAL HARE circle up to where the children's will best interests of Bar Harbor at DRIVE SAFELY shelter house in Glen Mary Park er of heart and who has done so much PREVENT ACCIDENTS is now to be placed. bowling toward beautifying this natur- contact M ally beautiful resort. The whole park has been set out with borde- (NOTE: Due to the warm Allow an ring trees which will make a public response to the special 50th safety, shaded walk around it. There is anniversary section in the July way Safety already a walk on the Main St. 9, Bar Harbor Times, we have ing too side, and the same on Park road, decided to follow the pattern of of accidents. under which Livingston exten- that section and occasionally sion will from now on be known. publish stories of local historical Courtesy to At the lower end of the field is interest copied from the pages of vitally import the grove of pines. On the west- the Times and former MDI news. Highway Safe only side of the park have been papers. The story above appeared cautious dri set out three rows of ash trees in the October 3, 1914 Times.) pedestrians ti 30 feet apart which will form a double mall in which will be placed sottees. The lower end of School St. has been widened to 50 feet opposite the park, and from now on this motion will be known as Gorge road, the right to change names of both this and Livingston ex- tension having been given to Mr. Dorr by the town at its annual pictured above rolled, without a driver parking space near the Harbor View gon bus, crashed through the railing Vincent A. Craig d came to rest upside down near the PIANO TUNER mpany. The auto belonged to a visitor Bangor 942-9195 re injured. Call Mrs. Pearl Wescott s called to the accident by Oliver Spear Bar Harbor 288-3105 th of Bar Harbor.