National ParkService Annual Director Reports 1916-1926 ! 4 HFCL. HC Harpers Ferry CenterLibrary Historical Collection. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30 1916 ,IF OF THE SECURITY WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1916 CONTENTS. Page. Functions of the national parks 1 National park service 4 Scenery of the first order 5 National parks and national forests 6 Each a personality of its own 6 Informing the people of the parks 6 General public interest in national parks 7 National monuments 7 Legislation 8 New parks and monuments 8 Lassen Volcanic National Park 8 Hawaii National Park 9 Sieur de Monts National Monument 9 Capulin Mountain National Monument 9 Dinosaur National Monument 9 Proposed new parks 9 Grand Canyon National Park 9 Enlarged Sequoia National Park 10 Mount McKinley National Park 10 Mount Hood National Park 10 Idaho (Sawtooth) National Park 11 Mount Baker National Park 11 Private holdings 11 Ranger force 13 Construction work 14 Yosemite hydroelectric power plant Sanitation 15 Admission of automobiles to parks 15 Excerpts from reports of supervisors of national parks 17 Hot Springs Reservation 17 Yellowstone National Park 26 Yosemite National Park 41 Sequoia and General Grant National Parks 47 Mount Rainier National Park 52 Crater Lake National Park 58 Wind Cave National Park 61 Platt National Park 61 Sullys Hill Park 67 Mesa Verde National Park 68 Glacier National Park 70 Rocky Mountain National Park 73 Appendix A.- Appropriations 1906 to 1916 76 Visitors to national parks 79 Revenues from automobiles 79 Appendix B.-An act to establish a national park service 81 Appendix C.-An act to establish a national park in the Territory of Hawaii 83 Appendix D.-An act to establish the Lassen Volcanic National Park, California 86 Appendix E.-National parks at a glance 88 ITI ILLUSTRATIONS. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. PHOTOGRAPHS. Yellowstone National Park-Old Faithful Geyser Yosemite National Park-Yosemite Falls 4 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Crater Lake National Park-Cliffs of Crater Lake 4 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, Rocky Mountain National Park-Odessa Lake 4 Sequola National Park-General Sherman Tree 4 Washington, November 10, 1916. Mount Rainter National Park-Mount Rainier 4 SIR: It is with pleasure that I submit to you my first annual report Glacler National Park-Iceberg Lake 4 Mesa Verde National Park-Cliff Palace as Superintendent of National Parks. The primary reason for this 4 Lassen Volcanic National Park-Lassen Peak 4 is that I feel, although we have just begun the solution of many Hawaii National Park-Lava floor 8 of the numerous questions that have to be dealt with in the Proposed Grand Canyon National Park-Grand Canyon 8 national-park work, and for the handling of which we have until re- Proposed Mount Baker National Park-Mount Baker 8 Proposed Idaho (Sawtooth) National Park-Stanley Lake cently had no coherent organization, yet a great deal has been at- 8 Proposed Mount Hood National Park-Mount Hood 8 tained through the efforts of yourself and the assistant to the Secre- Proposed Mount McKinley National Park-Mount McKinley 8 tary in bringing to the country and to Congress a more intimate 8 knowledge of the national parks and in administering them in an effi- MAPS. cient manner and to the end that all of our people may get the National Interior parks and national monuments under the Department of the greatest possible benefit and enjoyment from them. These efforts have borne fruit in the display this year of more interest by people Hot Springs Reservation 16 all over the country in the national parks, and in the enactment by Yellowstone National Park 20 Yosemite National Park 32 Congress of laws which there is no doubt will have greater results Sequoia and General Grant National Parks 44 toward the efficient and proper management of the parks than any- Mount Rainier National Park 48 thing that had theretofore been done. The national parks and their Crater Lake National Park 56 Wind Cave possibilities, both in the way of enjoyment by the people and of profit 59 Platt National Park 62 to the Nation, have in the past been greatly neglected. Our scenic Mesa Verde National Park 64 domain can and will be made as readily accessible to all of our citi- Glacier National Park 68 zens as are similar scenic and recreation areas in other countries, and Rocky Mountain National Park 72 much has recently been done to effect this. 74 IV FUNCTIONS OF THE NATIONAL PARKS. The following is an extract from the report made by former Super- intendent Daniels last year, which I believe to be worthy of repeti tion, as it SO ably explains the functions of the parks: That the expenditure of money for the maintenance and development of our scenic reservations has an economic as well as aesthetic justification there call be no doubt, for each year large sums of money have left this country to In spent by tourists in foreign lands in search of scenic beauty. The fact that 110 material proportion of this sum returns is only less provoking than the knowl edge that the money thus taken abroad by Americans is spent to view natural attractions that are inferior to those which may be found at home. In your report of 1913 you stated that land is not always land, but is sometimes coal. sometimes timber. One might add that it is sometimes scenery and, as such merits the careful study and development that would be extended to other national resources. The condition of travel in foreign lands has stimulated the interest of our people in the merits of similar pleasures in this country. Never in history has there been so great a volume of travel in the United States. Surely it is the part of wisdom to retain this great advantage and to crystallize upon a general policy for the administration of our national parks. 1 OF NATIONAL PARKS. SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 3 The first step in the consideration of fl general policy for the administration The tourist who, upon the strength of literature issued by the department, of the national parks is the determination of just what functions they perform. travels to our parks is more or less justified in holding the Federal Government Clearly they are not designated solely for the purpose of supplying recreation responsible for his comforts or discomforts while there. Nor is he backward grounds. The fostering of recreation purely as such is more properly the func- with criticism. He demands that he be instructed as to the merits of this trail tion of the city, county, and State parks, and there should be a clear distinction or that, this camp or that. He not infrequently is disappointed in not finding between the character of such parks and national parks. The latter should luxuries that he would not expect in similar places under other than Federal constitute a class that is of national interest. In the category of national parks control. He invariably overlooks the fact that he, in a way, is part of the should be no reservation that is of local interest only. What, then, are the Government, and therefore indirectly responsible for the conditions he finds. functions of our national parks as distinguished from State and local parks? As Nevertheless, his demands must be respected if it is hoped to direct his foot- I view this question our national parks should serve three distinct functions: steps to travel in our country. 1. The stimulating of national patriotism. The three potent factors in influencing tourist travel are publicity, accommo- 2. The furthering of knowledge and health. dations, and transportation. Obviously, the tourist must be informed of the 3. The diverting of tourist travel to the scenic areas of the United States. merits of the district to which it is desired to bring him. He must then be shown that the accommodations at that place are satisfactory; and, last, he NATIONAL PATRIOTISM. must know that the transportation facilities to, through, and from the location are good and may be had at reasonable cost. These three factors should con- We, as a people, have been accused of lacking in that love of country with stantly be borne in mind in any planning for the development of tourist which our neighbors in Europe are SO plentifully blessed. Whether such a travel. criticism is merited or not, it is certain that local patriotism has rapidly grown The three general classes of tourists who visit our parks are: Those to whom in this country more or less at the expense of patriotism for the country as a the expense is of little moment; those who, in moderate financial circum- whole. This condition would not exist if our people knew their country. stances, travel in comfort but dispense with luxuries; and, third, those who, To love a thing one must know it. The Belgian knows each hill and dale of fired with the love of God's out-of-doors, save their pennies in anticipation his small country and loves it with an intensity that has become proverbial. of the day when they may feast their eyes upon the eternal expanse of snow- And SO it is with the Swiss, the French, the English. These peoples know thelr clad peaks and azure skies. It is of this latter class that I would speak. lands and love thein. But ours is a great country, stretching from sea to sea. Many of our parks are truly vast in area, encompassing within their bounda- and a knowledge of all its glories is given to but few. What more noble purpose ries innumerable wonders. To reach these the tourist, upon arriving at the could our national parks serve than to become the instrument by which the park, must hire saddle animals, pack animals, a guide, cook, and other help. people shall be lured into the far corners of their land that they may learn to The expense of such an outfit is prohibitive to all but the wealthy. Those who love it? For one who will encompass the circuit of our parks, passing over the have waited and saved their money are denied the fuller enjoyment of our great mesas of Colorado, crossing the painted desert, threading the sparkling parks, for they can not bear the expense of transporting their supplies over the Sierra Nevada, and viewing the glaciers and snow-capped peaks of the great trails. There is but one solution of the problem of caring for this class of Northwest will surely return with a burning determination to love and work tourists, and that is the establishment of small inns at convenient intervals, for and if necessary to fight for and die for the glorious land which is his. SO that tourists may travel the trails afoot, purchasing their provisions and other necessities as they go. As you are aware, the first steps in an effort to KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH. bring about such a condition have been taken in Yosemite National Park. If I have said that it is my opinion the Federal Government is not justified In this work is carried through a blessing will have been conferred upon those whose lack of money has shut them from the greater part of our national maintaining a national park for recreation purposes alone, yet it is readily seen from the character of our reservations that each has its recreational feature. parks. It will also be, in my opinion, the most potent factor in retaining, I do believe, however, that objects and districts of great educational value should through the medium of our parks, a material percentage of tourist travel and will necessitate a careful consideration of the problem of a general policy. be reserved and placed in the category of national parks. Natural plienomena, great canyons, ruins of antiquity, waterfalls--all are objects of great interest Any plan, however, which may be devised for the management of our national and possess an educational value that can not be estimated. parks should not be predicated upon the assumption that their function is solely to accommodate and retain our tourists in this country. In Yellowstone are the geysers, in Yosemite the highest of waterfalls, in Sequoia the largest and oldest trees on earth, trees that were 3,000 years old when Christ was born. In Wind Cave National Park is a cave that comprises A GENERAL POLICY. over 90 miles of sparkling passages. At Arkansas Hot Springs and Platt National Park are medicinal waters that have dispelled the pain of legions of A policy to be efficient must be functional. One for the parks, therefore, sufferers. In Mesa Verde National Park are the crumbling dwellings of a for- must take into consideration the distinctive characteristics of national parks gotton race. which, as before stated, are relative to the furthering of a national patriotism, Pregnant with mystery and l'omance, these ancient ruins beckon the traveler public knowledge and health, and tourist travel in the home land. Upon con- across the great green mesa and cast about him the spell of endless conjecture. sideration it will be seen that the first two follow as a natural consequence If for no other reason, the value of these treasures as a medium for the further- of the last. In the consideration of a general policy we are concerned pri- ing of knowledge and health fully justifies the plea for further aid, both moral marily, therefore, with tourist travel. and financial, from our Federal Government. To foster tourist travel it will be necessary to develop the roads, trails, and If this aid is granted and a systematic effort is put forth to send our people other accommodations in the parks to a point where the traveler will not be out into the hinterland of this country, we shall be confronted by the problem subjected to serious discomfort. This means the expenditure of money upon of caring for a flood of tourists whose needs must be anticipated. a larger scale than has been the practice heretofore, and the first question that should be settled is, What shall be the source of supply? THE TOURIST. There are but two practical sources from which funds may be secured, The first logical step to be taken in an analysis of the conditions of tourist namely, by Federal appropriation and by revenues from the parks themselves. Both resources are now resorted to, each of which is inadequate. If the travel is a study of the tourist himself. Primarily, the tourist takes the line of least resistance. This means that he seeks the path that presents the best Federal Government is to support the parks then they should be operated SO as to make the cost to the tourist as low as possible. If not, then the various accommodations for the least cost. From a record of travel in our parks it may be shown that the finest scenery without accommodations will not receive sources in the parks themselves should be developed sufficiently to supply the SO large a travel as an inferior character of scenery which has a better type needed money. of accommodation. 4 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. The sources of revenue from the parks fall into four classes: 1. Automobile permits. 2. Concessions of various kinds. 3. Receipts from public utilities operated by the Government, such as light, telephone, etc. 4. Natural resources, such as timber, stone, fuel, etc. Of these four sources it will be seen that they may all be classified as taxes in proportion to the benefit received rather than the ability to pay. An analysis of this character may help in the decision of the policy to be pursued, but it can do no more. The decision must be made in the light of public needs, and the park supervisors should know whether they are to develop the park revenues to their maximum or whether the park is to be administered at the lowest possible cost to the tourist. If the question of finances were settled, in so far as the source is concerned, and a well-crystallized policy looking toward the development of the parks along lines that will foster the increase of tourist travel in this country is established much of the delay and "confusion in the field will be eliminated. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. There has heretofore been no service to which the duty of admin- istering the national parks has been delegated. The work has been done by a small and inadequate force in your office, the members of which have had their regular departmental duties to perform and have given such time and overtime as has been possible to the park work. Upon your recommendation Congress has recently enacted a law (Public, No. 235) establishing the National Park Service. This act provides for the appointment by the Secretary of the Interior of a director, assistant director, chief clerk, and other employees of the National Park Service, and puts under the direc- tor, subject to the supervision of the Secretary, the supervision, management, and control of the national parks and monuments and of the Hot Springs Reservation in Arkansas, which have heretofore been administered by the Interior Department. The act also pro- vides that the Secretary may make rules and regulations for the use and management of the reservations and prescribes punishment for the infraction of such rules and regulations; it also gives power to the Secretary to grant privileges, leases, and permits for the use of the lands, for the accommodation of visitors in the reservations, for periods not to exceed 20 years and for areas not to exceed 20 acres in any one place, and to grant grazing privileges in any of the reservations except the Yellowstone National Park when such use of the lands does not interfere with the primary purpose for which the park was created. This act, however, carried no appro- priation for the organization of the service and no such appropria- tion has as yet been made. Each of the national parks has been created by a law differing more or less from the law creating each of the other parks, and heretofore they have been administered as individual reservations with no particular relation to each other. This method of handling the parks has, for reasons that are quite apparent, been both inefficient and unsatisfactory. The work of administering the national parks has been intrusted to the Department of the Interior. On June 5, 1914, you appointed Mark Daniels, a landscape engineer, of San Francisco, Cal., general superintendent and landscape engineer of national parks, and on December 9, 1915, he resigned to continue his private business. On December 10, 1915, I was detailed from the United States Geological Survey to the department as Superintendent of National Parks. SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. With a view to securing a more effective administration of the park it was deemed advisable in 1914 to provide for a general superintend ent, with headquarters at San Francisco, Cal. Experience, however of over a year under this new system demonstrated the advisabilit of dispensing with a general superintendent having permanent head quarters away from Washington, and the urgent deficiency bil passed February 28, 1916, authorized the superintendent to remai: in Washington, D. C., to June 30, 1916, and the sundry civil ac passed July 1, 1916, authorized you to employ in Washington an pay from park appropriations and revenues a Superintendent () National Parks and four other employees, and under this authoriza tion you continued my appointment as superintendent. On July 1( 1916, Joseph J. Cotter, formerly assistant attorney in the departmen and recently in charge of mails, files, and appointments, was ap pointed Assistant Superintendent of National Parks. Three clerk were also appointed. While this organization has not been adequat to handle all of the work in Washington, and we are still dependen upon the department for assistance, yet I think I am justified it saying that much has already been done toward coordinating the work, and when Congress shall see fit, which I hope it will early il the next session, to make possible the complete organization of the National Park Service by providing an appropriation for that pur pose, the entire work in connection with the administration of these areas may be taken over and done in a much more comprehensive and satisfactory manner than has been possible in past year's. SCENERY OF THE FIRST ORDER. It has been said that in some respects American scenery is 1111 equaled abroad. There are more geysers of large size in our Yellow stone National Park, for instance, than in all the rest of the work together, the nearest approach being the geyser fields of Iceland an far New Zealand. Again, it is conceded the world over that there i no valley in existence SO strikingly beautiful as our Yosemite Valley and nowhere else can be found a canyon of such size and exquisito coloring as our Grand Canyon of the Colorado. In the Sequoi: National Park grow trees SO huge and old that none quite compare with them. These are well-known facts with which every American ought to be familiar. MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK. The 10 national parks of the first order are the Mount Rainier CLIFF PALACE. National Park in Washington, the Crater Lake National Park is Oregon, the Yosemite, Sequoia, and Lassen Volcanic National Park k hides in its barren canyons the well-preserved ruins t of existence so many centuries ago that not even traditi in California, the Glacier National Park in Montana, the Yellow stone National Park, principally in Wyoming, the Rocky Mountain and Mesa Verde National Parks in Colorado, and the Hawaii Na tional Park in the Territory of Hawaii. With these must be classed the Grand Canyon of the Colorado in Arizona, which, though still remaining a national monument, is one of the great wonders of the world. The principal difference between a national monument and a na tional park is that a national monument has merely been made safe from encroachment by private interests and enterprise, while a 11a tional park is also in process of development by roads and trails and hotels, so as to become a convenient resort for the people to visit and enjoy. 6 SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. SUPERINTENDENT OF NATIONAL PARKS. 7 NATIONAL PARKS AND NATIONAL FORESTS. GENERAL PUBLIC INTEREST IN NATIONAL PARKS. One must not confuse the national forests with the national parks. The general public interest in national playgrounds may be evi- The national forests aggregate many times the area of the national denced by the number of bills now pending in Congress calling for parks. They were created to administer lumbering and grazing the creation of 16 new national parks, as follows: interests for the people; the lumbering, instead of being done by pri- Cabinet National Park, in the extreme northwest corner of Montana. vate interests often ruthlessly for private profit, as in the past, is Cliff Cities National Park, in the northern part of New Mexico. now done under regulations which conserve the public interest. The Denver National Park, in the north-central part of Colorado, near Denver. trees are cut in accordance with the principles of scientific forestry, Mammoth Cave National Park, in the west-central part of Kentucky. which conserve the smaller trees until they grow to a certain size, Mescalero National Park, in the southern part of New Mexico. thus perpetuating the forests. Sheep, horses, or cattle graze in all Mount Hood National Park, in the northern part of Oregon. Mississippi Valley National Park, in the southwestern part of Wisconsin pastures under governmental regulation, while in national parks and northeastern part of Iowa, near McGregor, Iowa. horses and cattle only may be admitted where not detrimental to the Mount McKinley National Park, in the southern part of Alaska. enjoyment and preservation of the scenery. Regular hunting is per- Mount Baker National Park, in the extreme northwestern part of Washington. mitted in season in the national forests, but never in the national Mount Katahdin National Park, in the central part of Maine. Olympic National Park, in the northwestern part of Washington. parks. In short, the national parks, unlike the national forests, are Palo Duro National Park, in the northwestern part of Texas. not properties in a commercial sense, but natural preserves for the Rio Grande National Park, in the southwestern part of New Mexico. rest, recreation, and education of the people. They remain under Sand Dunes National Park, in the extreme northwestern part of Indiana. nature's own chosen conditions. They alone maintain the forest Sawtooth National Park, in the south-central part of Idaho. Sierra Madre National Park, in southern California. primeval." EACH A PERSONALITY OF ITS OWN. NATIONAL MONUMENTS. One of the striking and interesting features of the national parks By an act approved June 8, 1906, entitled 'An act for the preser- of our country is that each one of them is quite different from all the vation of American antiquities," the President of the United States others; each has a marked personality of its own. was authorized to declare to be national monuments by public procla- It will be seen that one may visit a new national park each year mation historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and for more than a decade and see something quite new and remarkable other objects of historic or scientific interest that are situated upon at each visit. the lands owned or controlled by the Government of the United States. Under this authority the President has created a number of INFORMING THE PEOPLE OF THE PARKS. monuments, 21 of which, listed below, are administered by the In- terior Department: Through the cooperation of a number of railroads it has been possible to publish a collection of illustrated booklets known as the National monuments administered by Interior Department. National Parks Portfolio," which became SO well advertised and known all over the country that although an edition of 300,000 was printed we were not able to supply the demand for them. It is Name. State. Date. Area. planned now to issue a sale edition, which may be purchased from the Acres. superintendent of documents at the Government Printing Office, and Devils Tower Wyoming Sept. 24, 1906 1,152 which it is expected will be available this winter. This portfolio was Montezuma Castle Arizona Dec. 8, 1906 160 El Moro New Mexico do 160 prepared, as was also a smaller publication called Glimpses of Our Chaco Canyon do Mar. 11, 1907 20,629 Muir Woods California Jan. 9, 1908 295 National, Parks," which described briefly the important features of the Pinnacles do Jan. 16, 1908 2,080 various parks, under the direction of Robert Sterling Yard, editorial Tumacacori Arizona Sept. 15, 1908 10 Mukuntuweap Utah July 31, 1909 15,840 assistant. It is trite to say that in the absence of information on the Shoshone Cavern Wyoming Sept. 21, 1909 210 Natural Bridges 3 Utah Sept. 25, 1909 12,740 part of the public as to what the parks are, where they are, and for Gran Quivira New Mexico Nov. 1, 1909 160 what reason created, the end for which they were established will not Sitka Alaska Mar. 23, 1910 57 Rainbow Bridge Utah May 30, 1910 160 be attained. Yet it is pertinent, for this lack of information has ob- Lewis and Clark Cavern Montana May 16, 1911 160 Colorado Colorado May 24, 1911 13,883 tained to a great extent, in fact to the extent that Mr. Yard found it Petrified Forest Arizona July 31, 1911 25,625 advisable in the 'Glimpses of Our National Parks" to explain that Navajo 4 do Mar. 14, 1912 360 Papago Saguaro do Jan. 31, 1914 2,050 the parks are not beautiful tracts of cultivated country with smooth Dinosaur Utah Oct. 4, 1915 80 Sieur de Monts Maine July 8, 1916 15,000 lawns and winding paths like city parks, but are "large areas which Capulin Mountain New Mexico Aug. 9, 1916 681 nature, not man, has made beautiful and which the hand of man alters only enough to provide roads to enter them, trails to penetrate 1 Estimated area. 2 Donated to the United States. their fastnesses, and hotels and camps to live in." This condition is 3 Originally set aside by proclamation of Apr. 16, 1908, and contained only 120 acres. 4 Within an Indian reservation. rapidly being remedied by the distribution of such publications as the Portfolio" and the 'Glimpses." HFCL. HC. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TO THE STELE Tomo SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR FOR THE Bridger FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1917 California OF DEPARTMENT THE WASHINGTON COVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 ref / 884101 CONTENTS. Pages. New bureau organized 1 Functions of the National Park Service 1 Dawn of a new era 2 The jurisdiction of the National Park Service 3 Birth of the national-park idea 3 National parks and monuments now practically identical 4 Parks and monuments should be administered by the same authority 5 Organization and cooperation 6 National parks in the War Department, too 7 The only plan of organization 8 Europe will prepare for tourist invasion 8 Spain to organize a national-park service 9 Switzerland finds advertising profitable 9 Time for a national tourist bureau 9 A vigorous educational campaign 10 Automobile guide maps for national parks 11 The motion-picture service 11 National-park lectures 12 Traveling exhibit of national-park pictures 12 The invaluable help of the press 13 Creating a national parks literature 13 The National Park Conference 14 First exhibition of national parks paintings 14 An unfortunate report 15 Enormous increase in patronage 16 Many visitors from abroad 16 Astonishing increase in park-to-park travel 17 Substantial help of the railroads 17 Phenomenal motor travel to the parks 18 Increase of free auto camps 18 Hearty help from associations 19 Interpark auto travel 20 Park roads generally improved 20 Why the motor fee is charged 21 The sources of national parks revenue 22 A matter of fairness all around 22 Motor fees reduced 23 Appropriations and revenues 24 Park revenues increasing 24 Appropriations prove sympathy of Congress 25 The Rocky Mountain National Park 25 An obstructive inhibition 26 An illogical situation 27 Importance of the Fall River Road 28 The winter sports carnival 28 Yellowstone National Park 29 A bad system and serious problem 29 The principles of reorganization 30 Touring cars supplant the old stage coach 31 Circle tour extended 31 Yellowstone to become an all-summer resort 32 "Control" that does not control 32 Only one way to efficiency 33 The park telephone system 33 Fire lanes and scenic trails 34 Opening of the southern gateway 34 Greatest wild animal sanctuary 35 III IV CONTENTS, CONTENTS. V Yellowstone National Park-Continued. Page. Page. Effective winter care of the elk 36 Hot Springs Reservation, Ark 78 Elk distributed to States 36 Hawaii National Park 79 Bison herds increasing 37 Wind Cave National Park 80 The eastern gateway 37 Platt National Park 81 Climax of Yellowstone scenery 37 Sullys Hill National Park 81 The northwestern route to the Yellowstone 39 Casa Grande Ruin 81 Regular tourist travel substantially increased 39 Apache Trail 82 Free automobile camps established 39 Mount McKinley National Park 82 Yellowstone railroad routes 40 First national park east of the Mississippi (Grandfather Mountain, N. Carolina) 83 Peal railroad cooperation 42 Mukuntuweap National Monument (Zion Canyon) Utah 84 Glacier National Park 42 Sieur de Monts National Monument, Me 86 Road improvement and reconstruction 43 Muir Woods National Monument, Cal 87 Importance of a road across the Continental Divide 43 Navajo National Monument, Ariz 87 Lake M 'Donald Road a prime necessity 44 El Morro National Monument, N. Mex 88 Many new trails 44 Montezuma Castle National Monument, Ariz 89 Visitors grow in number and stay longer 45 Chaco Canyon National Monument, N. Mex 89 Glacier an example for Yellowstone 45 Tumacacori National Monument, Ariz 89 National parks are nature's own schools 46 Gran Quivira National Monument, N. Mex 89 Convenient for study of Indian life 46 Petrified Forest National Monument, Ariz 90 Rocky Mountain goats and others 47 Papago Saguaro National Monument, Ariz 90 Boating and fishing. 47 Colorado National Monument, Colo 90 Proposed development at Belton 48 Devils Tower National Monument, Wyo 91 Railroad facilities 48 Shoshone Cavern National Monument, Wyo 91 Mount F ainier National Park 49 Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument, Mont 91 Winter sports in summer 49 Sitka National Monument, Alaska 92 Peal accommodations at last 50 Capulin Mountain National Monument, N. Mex 92 The Carbon River Road 50 Natural Bridges National Monument, Utah 92 A public misfortune 51 Rainbow Bridge National Monument, Utah 92 Wanted: Better game protection 52 Dinosaur National Monument, Utah 92 Via Columbia I iver Highway 53 Pinnacles National Monument, Cal 92 Crater Lake National Park 54 Verendrye National Monument, N. Dak 92 New trails to the lakeside 54 The Grand Canyon should be a national park 93 Trails up Garfield Peak and toward the Watchman 54 Secretary Lane's opinion 93 Diamond Lake should be added 54 Secretary Houston's opinion 94 Interesting side trips needed 55 Other national park projects 94 Road round the rim 55 National Park of the Cliff Cities, N. Mex 94 Approach roads a complicated problem 56 Mount Baker National Park, Wash 94 Return of the wild flowers 57 Sawtooth National Park, Idaho 95 A weird fraternity hall 57 New national park projects studied 95 Lassen Volcanic National Park 58 Sand Dunes National Park 95 Yosemite National Park 59 Mississippi Valley National Park 95 Fine new hotel on Glacier Point 59 Mount Evans or Denver National Park 96 Completing the new power plant 60 National park legislation 96 El Portal Road a magnificent highway 61 Needs of the National Park Service 97 Wawona Road acquired and tolls eliminated 62 Conclusion 98 Remarkable travel facts 62 Appendix A: The national parks and monuments. The Yosemite and Lake Tahoe 64 Map showing location of all national parks and monuments administered by The falls are always beautiful 64 National Park Service, Department of the Interior Faces 98 The famous firefall reestablished 100 65 The national parks The Sierra Club in the park 65 The national monuments administered by the National Park Service, De- Center of the John Muir Trail 65 partment of the Interior 102 Sequoia National Park The national monuments administered by the Department of Agriculture. 103 67 Increasing number of campers 68 The national monuments administered by the War Department 103 Road to the General Grant National Park 68 Appendix B: Reports of the supervisors of the national parks. Wanted: Headquarters Index to individual reports 104-106 69 70 Hot Springs Reservation 106 Stairway to the summit of Moro Rock The Greater Sequoia 70 Yellowstone National Park 116 A great animal sanctuary 72 Yosemite National Park 139 General Grant National Park 72 Sequoia and General Grant National Parks 153 Mesa Verde National Park Mount Rainier National Park 158 73 A land of wonderful beauty 74 Crater Lake National Park 164 Discovery of Far-View House 75 Wind Cave National Park 167 Big results for little money Platt National Park 171 75 Mesa Verde's two great needs Mesa Verde National Park 175 75 School of archaeology bound to come 76 A choice of scenic routes 77 II ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. ap showing position of proposed Mississippi Valley National Park 96 ap of 17 national parks and 22 national monuments Faces 98 ap showing portion of Hot Springs Faces 116 ap of Yellowstone National Park Faces 139 ito guide map to the roads in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park 140 ap of the Yosemite National Park Faces 153 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE ap of Sequoia and General Grant National Parks Faces 158 ap of Mount Rainier National Park Faces 164 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. ap of Crater Lake National Park Faces 167 ap showing railroad connections for Wind Cave National Park 170 ap of Platt National Park Faces 175 ap of Mesa Verde National Park Faces 177 ap of Glacier National Park DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Faces 184 ap of Rocky Mountain National Park Faces 187 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, Washington, October 13, 1917. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the activi- ties of the National Park Service during the past year. NEW BUREAU ORGANIZED. The National Park Service was organized as the ninth bureau of the Department of the Interior immediately upon the approval of the deficiency appropriation act of April 17, 1917,1 which made funds available for its establishment. Mention of the act of Congress of August 25, 1916,2 creating the new form of administrative machinery for the management of the national parks was made in your report for 1916, and an abstract of the important sections of the law was published therein for the information of the public. However, to briefly summarize again the principal provisions of this legislation which forms the solid foundation for all future development of the park and monument system and governmental participation in the movement to stimulate and encourage American tourist travel, would not, I venture to suggest, be uninteresting here because of the repeti- tion of facts. Provision is made in the law for the establishment of the new bureau, which is placed under the supervision of a director appointed by the Secretary of the Interior. Authority is also granted for the appointment of an assistant director, a chief clerk, and such other employees as the Secretary may deem necessary. An indirect limi- tation on the organization of the service, however, is contained in a clause inhibiting the appropriation for the Washington offices of more than $19,500 in a single fiscal year, without special authority of the National Legislature. The act also specifically charges the director of the service with the supervision, management, and con- trol of the several national parks and national monuments already under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior, and espe- cially refers to the Hot Springs Reservation in the State of Arkansas as a part of the park system. FUNCTIONS OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. The eloquent statement of the functions of the new service is an important feature of the act, but it can hardly be summarized with- out loss of clearness in the expression of sentiment and without 1 Public No. 2, 65th Cong. 39 Stats., 535. 18494-17-1 2 REPORT DIRECTOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. REPORT DIRECTOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. 3 detraction from the forcefulness of the sentence structure. I will Secretary's Office in common with a multitude of miscellaneous reser- therefore quote the statement from the law itself: vations, eleemosynary institutions, etc., has passed, and all temporary The service thus established shall promote and regulate the use of the Federal expedients adopted for the improvement of the national park ad- areas known as national parks, monuments and reservations hereinafter ministration have been eliminated or crystallized into permanent specified by such means and measures as conform to the fundamental purpose form in the organization of the new service. In the past, each park of said parks, monuments, and reservations, which purpose is to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein, and to and each monument was administered with no definite relationship provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as to other members of the system. Each was established by organic will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations. laws or proclamations that differed widely in their provisions and What a brilliant statement of constructive conservation policy in the application of authority contained in them to problems of this is. What a field of endeavor in the public service it prescribes administration. There was scarcely an opportunity to harmonize for this new bureau. What benefits for the people of our time and any of the many conflicting principles, and as the supervisory officers for posterity in the direction of safeguarding health and providing in Washington could only give the parks and monuments incidental recreational facilities are promised. What splendid recognition is attention, a correlation of methods of management was impossible. given to the economic and educational value of our wonderful play- Indeed, the operation of the whole park system was unbusinesslike grounds. The statement breathes hope and encouragement and in- and unsatisfactory. spiration to all who study, enjoy, and love the wild places and the We stand now in the light of a new order of things, but as we sublime works of nature. gaze back from the threshold of the future to the efforts of the past, The organic act then goes on to authorize the promulgation of accomplishments of large importance gather before us and we recog- rules and regulations for the use and management of the parks and nize in them tremendous influences that will wisely guide us in our monuments and prescribes the penalties that may be imposed for the onward and upward steps. As I have intimated, these accomplish- violation of such rules and regulations. Provision is made, too, for ments are the results of farsighted efforts on the part of men who the leasing of park lands and the granting of permits for the use of were burdened with details of other governmental interests in addi- these lands for the accommodation and entertainment of visitors. tion to those of the parks themselves. In the activities of the new The unusual conditions under which timber may be cut, under which service their efforts and their achievements will not be forgotten nor animals may be killed, plants destroyed, etc., and under which minimized. grazing of live stock may be permitted are also included in the law. The officers appointed by you to organize and manage the new THE JURISDICTION OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. service are: Director, Stephen T. Mather, of Illinois, former assistant There are now 17 national parks and 22 national monuments under to the Secretary of the Interior; assistant director, Horace M. Al- the jufisdiction of the National Park Service. The total area of the bright, of California, former assistant attorney of the Interior De- national parks is 6,254,568 acres, and the total area of the monu- partment; chief clerk, Frank W. Griffith, of New York, formerly ments is 91,824 acres. (See map opposite page 98.) All of the attached to the office of the chief clerk of the department. national parks were created by act of Congress or by presidential It is with regret that I record at this point a serious illness of proclamation under special authority of an act of Congress. All of Director Mather, which has necessitated an extended absence from the monuments were established by presidential proclamation under Washington and the temporary assumption of his duties by the as- the act of June 8, 1906,¹ entitled An act for the preservation of sistant director. His recovery is now regarded as complete, and he American antiquities." The names of all of these parks and monu- will be at his desk again within a very short time. ments are given on pages 100 to 103 with a brief statement of their Quarters in the new building of the Interior Department were characteristics, their locations, the dates of their establishment, and assigned to the service, and it now occupies the south section of the other interesting data relating to them. fourth floor, east wing. The temporary organization of the former field establishment under the direction of the Superintendent of Na- BIRTH OF THE NATIONAL-PARK IDEA. tional Parks, authorized by Congress under date of February 28, 1916,1 to be located in Washington, was absorbed by the new or- The first national park to be set apart was the area embracing the ganization, and the office of Superintendent of National Parks was hot springs of Arkansas. The reservation of this land was made abolished. The last incumbent of this office, Mr. R. B. Marshall, had April 20, 1832.2 However, it was nearly 50 years after the act of resigned on December 31, 1916, to resume his duties as chief geogra- reservation before steps were taken to develop the park in the public pher of the United States Geological Survey. interest. In the meantime the remarkable area which is now Yellow- stone Park had been discovered and explored, and the famous Wash- DAWN OF A NEW ERA. burn-Langford party in its camp near the junction of the Firehole Thus the national park system came to possess the machinery for and Gibbon Rivers in the Yellowstone region had conceived of the its government that it has required for decades. Thus the old method of managing these great recreational areas in a subdivision of the 34 Stats., 225. Stats., 505. Chittenden, Gen. H. M., The Yellowstone National Park, 1915 edition, p. 60 et seq. Sux Langford, N. P., The Discovery of Yellowstone Park, p. 115 et seq. 4 REPORT DIRECTOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. REPORT DIRECTOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. 5 "national park' idea,1 placed a broad unselfish, public-spirited con- tion. Generally speaking, the monuments are smaller areas than the struction upon the term, and had brought the wonders of the region parks and are not entitled to the same consideration by Congress that and the splendid patriotic national-park plan to the attention of Con- the latter enjoy. Moreover, they do not receive the same considera- gress, with the result that, on March 1, 1872,2 Yellowstone National tion that the parks are accorded. On the other hand, there are a Park was established. Forty-five years have passed since that legis- few monuments of enormous area that deserve a larger degree of at- lation was enacted and in that lapse of time other parks have occa- tention than some of the smaller national parks. There are monu- sionally been carved out of the public domain for the benefit and ments that should be made national parks, and all of the monu- enjoyment of all the people. The seventeenth and youngest member ments would mean infinitely more to the American people if their of the system is the Mount McKinley National Park, which was es- funereal surname could be changed. tablished by the act of Congress approved February 26, 1917.8 The first national monument to be established was the Devils Tower PARKS AND MONUMENTS SHOULD BE ADMINISTERED BY THE SAME AUTHORITY. Monument, in northeastern Wyoming. It was set apart from the public domain on September 24, 1906,4 a few months after the As I have already pointed out, 13 of the national monuments are passage of the act authorizing the creation of this type of reserva- under the jurisdiction of the Secretaries of Agriculture and War tion by presidential proclamation. Since that date 21 other monu- because they have control of the national forests and military reser- ments have been placed under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of vations, respectively, in which these monuments are located. Some the Interior. The monument most recently added was the Verendrye economies in administration, doubtless, may be effected by dividing National Monument, in North Dakota, established by President Wil- the jurisdiction over these reservations, but their management as a son upon your recommendation, in a proclamation dated June 29, part of the national park system and their promotion as points of 1917.5 There are, in addition to these 22 monuments, 13 others on interest for tourists to see and enjoy seem SO essential that the ap- reserved public lands beyond the Mississippi River, 11 of which are parent reason for the original division of control of reservations of under the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture and 2 this character becomes of little consequence in comparison with the under the control of the War Department. Lists of these monu- advantages to be gained by bringing all of the parks and monuments ments, with their special characteristics, will be found on pages 102 together for development under a single authority. and 103. Two monuments, Lassen Peak and Cinder Cone, formerly The National Park Service has broad powers that it may employ under the jurisdiction of the Department of Agriculture, have been in the development and promotion of national monuments. The included in the Lassen Volcanic National Park and thus transferred language of the National Park Service act places both parks and to the control of this Service. The monuments over which we have monuments upon the same basis SO far as their administration is con- no jurisdiction are in national forests or in military reservations, and cerned. They are, from every point of view, in the same status. were placed under the control of the Secretaries of Agriculture and Furthermore, Congress has recognized the necessity for developing War, respectively, because they have supervision of the territory the monuments under this service and has already made several sub- immediately surrounding them. I shall make another reference to stantial appropriations for their improvement. Would it not be this division of control. the logical thing to place all of the monuments under the department that is most interested in their promotion? It would be entirely NATIONAL PARKS AND MONUMENTS NOW PRACTICALLY IDENTICAL. possible to effect economies in protection of several of the monuments The distinction between national parks and national monuments now under the control of other departments through cooperation is not easy to comprehend, especially when one considers the status with them while the reservations themselves are being managed and of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River and, for instance, the developed under this department. Yosemite region. Both possess scenic features of equal sublimity, For instance, the Devil Postpile Monument in California includes yet the Grand Canyon is a national monument and the Yosemite within its boundaries some of the choicest bits of scenery in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The wonderful basaltic formation known región is a national park. The National Park Service act makes no distinction between the two reservations in its provisions for their as the Devil Postpile stands in the northern section of the monument development for tourist patronage. The act merely refers to the near the bank of the Middle Fork of the San Joaquin River. The different classes of reservations by name, but does not define them. river at this point is very beautiful; there is a fine spring of soda In another connection I have already mentioned the chief difference water a few yards away; there are excellent camping places along between the two types of reserved areas.6 It is to be found in the the river; there are meadows where horses may be pastured; fishing methods of reservation employed. The national parks are estab- in the river is always good; and 1 mile down stream from the Devil lished by act of Congress, the monuments by presidential proclama- Postpile, within the limits of the monument, is Rainbow Falls, which forms the finest scenic feature of the reservation. This monument in Yellowstone National Paris 1915 miltion. Chap. I Langford is a miniature national park; it is readily accessible from the Yo- semite Park; and it should be visited by hundreds of travelers each point $ pp. 202-203, Hearings before Public Lands Committee. House of Vaciousi Park Service bill. Sixty-fourth Congress HFCL. HC. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1918 OF DEPARTMENT THE 11290 93 ref. ( (8848) WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1918 CONTENTS. Page. The national parks policy 9 Harmony of buildings and landscape 10 Cooperation of Government bureaus 11 National Bureau of Railroad Service 11 Touring inquiries 12 Analysis of the season's travel 12 Other causes of decreased travel 13 Park roads in good condition 14 Park-to-park highways 14 A real interpark system 15 Importance of recreational travel 16 Need of a national touring division 17 Our influence felt abroad 18 In time of war prepare for peace 18 Films, slides, and photographs 19 Traveling exhibits of national park pictures 20 Schools of natural science 20 To educate new Americans 21 Associations working in harmony 21 Restoring wild life in America 22 A new and insidious peril 23 Food Administration's far-sighted attitude 23 Determined sheep raids defeated 24 Mountain clubs to the rescue 25 The migratory-bird treaty ratified 26 Increasing appropriations 26 The era of splendid giving 27 Important gifts of property 28 A wonderful example of giving 29 Growth of the national park system 29 Creation of the Katmai National Monument 30 "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes' 31 To make the Grand Canyon a national park 32 The Mammoth Cave a prominent candidate 33 The sand dunes of Indiana 34 To preserve the coast redwoods 34 Other parks suggested 34 Suggested for national monuments 35 The one system should include all 36 Our example spreading abroad 36 The year in the parks 37 Yellowstone National Park 38 Soldiers removed from the park 38 An effective ranger system 39 Economy and efficiency of the new organization 39 The Tetons should be added at once 40 The "Greater Yellowstone" bill 40 Emergency measures for a war season 41 Spring freshets damage the roads 42 Northwestern and northeastern gateways 43 New measures for wild-life protection 43 Yosemite National Park 45 The new power plant 45 Reconstruction of the El Portal Road 46 National help needed for an important State project 46 3 4 CONTENTS. CONTENTS. 5 Yosemite National Park--Continued. Page. Improving the valley roads 46 Many interesting new trails projected Sieur de Monts, the first in the east Page. 47 Planning for house boats 82 The Tioga Road and the Lake Tahoe loop 47 A war memorial 83 Destiny of the John Muir Trail 48 Unfortunate wild-animal situation Bills to make it a National Park 83 48 The first appropriation 84 Exhibit of mountain lion cubs 49 Casa Grande National Monument 84 Fish hatchery next 49 85 Concessions Zion National Monument 50 Deer becoming numerous 85 Hetch Hetchy contract satisfactory 50 Seven thousand acres more acquired Within the gorgeous gates 87 51 El Morro National Monument, New Mexico 87 Sequoia National Park 52 Valuable road improvements Muir Woods National Monument, California 88 53 Yosemite's old power plant needed here Montezuma Castle National Monument, Arizona 88 54 Tumacacori National Monument, Arizona 88 The Greater Sequoia 54 55 Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming 89 General Grant National Park Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona 89 Mount Rainier National Park 56 Hotel and camp improvements 56 Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument, Montana 89 New facilities for camping out Shoshone Cavern National Monument, Wyoming 90 57 Sitka National Monument, Alaska 90 Many new trails 57 Roads greatly improved Colorado National Monument, Colorado 90 58 Destruction of Douglas fir Chaco Canyon National Monument, New Mexico 90 59 Verendrye National Monument, North Dakota 91 Boundary readjustments 60 Some matters of personnel 91 Crater Lake National Park 60 Road improvements Superintendents now, not supervisors 91 61 A sound business basis 92 Camp grounds to the rim greatly improved 62 Prohibition in all national parks 92 The new trails 62 Legislation 93 The Greater Crater Lake 62 Bills passed by one House and awaiting the other's action 93 Rocky Mountain National Park 63 Presidential proclamations 94 A hundred thousand visitors and no improvements 63 Needs of the National Park Service 97 State's progress on the Fall River Road 64 In conclusion 97 Magnificent circle trips in prospect 65 Appendix A -The national parks and monuments: 98 No connection between Fall River Road and general appropriations 65 Patrolled by patriotic citizens 66 The national parks administered by the National Park Service, Department of the Interior The second winter carnival 66 100 Wanted Camping grounds for motorists 66 The national military and other parks administered by the War Depart- ment Trail to Lake Nanita 67 102 Glacier National Park 67 The national monuments administered by the National Park Service, Department of the Interior Glacier's summer residents 67 102 Road to connect the entrances 68 The national monuments administered by the Department of Agriculture 104 Survey for a transmountain road within the park 68 The national monuments administered by the War Department Organization of the National Park Service 104 The Lake McDonald Highway 69 105 Important road improvements 69 Appendix -Reports of officers in charge of the national parks and monuments: Index to individual reports The crossing of Logan Pass 70 Hot Springs Reservation 107 Important new trails constructed and projected 70 Yellowstone National Park 111 Serious irrigation problems 71 Yosemite National Park 119 Fish hatchery established 71 Sequoia and General Grant National Parks 131 New administration buildings at Belton 72 Mount Rainier National Park 143 Mesa Verde National Park 73 Crater Lake National Park 149 A museum established 73 Wind Cave National Park 159 Excavations should be continued 73 Platt National Park 161 The new east side road 74 Mesa Verde National Park 164 Hoyenweep as a near-by attraction 74 Glacier National Park 167 Hawaii National Park 75 Rocky Mountain National Park 170 Hawaii's great interest in her national park 75 Sullys Hill National Park 175 Unique among national parks 77 Sieur de Monts National Monument 189 Lassen Volcanic National Park 77 El Morro National Monument 190 Mount McKinley National Park 78 Petrified Forest National Monument 194 A little temporary help from Gov. Riggs 78 Casa Grande National Monument 194 Danger from market hunters 79 Zion National Monument 195 Hot Springs Reservation 79 Appendix C.-Statistics: 196 The great American spa 79 Visitors to the national parks. 1905-1918 The landscape background 80 201 The free bathhouse 80 Automobile and motorcycle licenses issued during seasons 1914-1918 202 A prosperous season 81 Receipts collected from automobiles and motorcycles during seasons 1914-1918 Platt National Park 81 202 Wind Cave National Park 81 Private automobiles entering the national parks during seasons 1916-1918 202 Sullys Hill National Park 82 endix C.-Statistics-Continued. Page. National park and monument areas administered by the National Park ILLUSTRATIONS. Service in relation to the States and Territories in which they are located. 203 National park and monument areas administered by the National Park Service in relation to the public lands 203 National park and monument areas administered by the National Park PLATES. Service in relation to the national forests, including national monuments, Page. administered by the Forest Service 204 I. Administration of national park areas, 1918 36 Statement of appropriations made for and received revenues from the var- II. Map showing the proposed enlargement of the Yellowstone National ious national parks and national monuments, and expenditures made Park 40 therefrom during the fiscal years 1904-1918, inclusive; also appropria- III. Rocky Mountain National Park: A, Longs Peak from the Twin Sis- tions for the fiscal year 1919 204 ters, looking across Tahosa Valley; B, Grand Lake at the western Detailed statement of appropriations for the national parks and monu- gateway 42 ments 208 IV. Yellowstone National Park: A, Sentinel Rock on the Cody Road; endix .Legislation and presidential proclamations: B, Feeding hay to elk, winter of 1917 42 Legislation affecting the national parks, enacted by Congress since date of V. Scenes in the proposed enlargement of the Yellowstone National the first annual report 229 Park: A, Sky line of the Teton Mountains; B, Lake at the head Presidential proclamations relating to the national monuments, issued of Soda Creek 42 since date of the first annual report 231 VI. Glacier National Park: Looking across Logan Pass at Clements Executive orders relating to proposed national parks, issued since date of Mountain and Clements Glacier; On top of the Garden Wall; Type the first annual report 233 of cottage being constructed on new administrative site near Senate and House of Representatives reports on pending legislation affect- Belton 43 ing the national parks, made since date of the first annual report 236 VII. Map showing proposed enlargement of the Sequoia National Park 54 endix E.-Bibliography: VIII. Crater Lake National Park: A, Section of the trail from the rim to Bibliography of books and magazine articles on national-park subjects, the boat landing; B, Fisherman's Haven 58 October 1, 1917, to September 30, 1918 249 IX. Yosemite power plant, Yosemite National Park: A, Reinforced con- endix F.-National-park publications: crete power house; B, Turbine and dynamo assembly 58 Free publications 263 X. Yosemite power plant, Yosemite National Park: Diversion dam Publications sold by Superintendent of Documents 264 nearing completion; Section of 54-inch wood-stave power pipe line. 58 Maps sold by United States Geological Survey 266 XI. Mount Rainier National Park: A, Log crib dam in Nisqually River; Railroad guide books sold by Superintendent of Documents 267 B, Kautz Creek Bridge 59 pendix G.-Miscellaneous: XII. Map showing the proposed enlargement of the Crater Lake National Honor roll of the National Park Service 271 Park 62 Statement of the national park policy. 273 XIII. Sequoia National Park: A, New storehouse building in Giant For- Associated mountaineering clubs of North America 277 est; B, Main gallery, Crystal Cave 74 XIV. Mesa Verde National Park: Square tower house; Scene in proposed national park that includes Mount Evans; Lower Chicago Lake 74 XV. Devils Tower, Devils Tower National Monument; Scene in proposed Hovenweep National Monument 74 XVI. Inscription Rock, El Morro National Monument; "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes," Katmai National Monument 75 XVII. Map showing the proposed national park to include Mount Evans, Colorado 96 XVIII. Map of the 16 national parks and 24 national monuments 98 XIX. Map of portion of Hot Springs Reservation 118 XX. Map of Yellowstone National Park 124 XXI. Map of Yosemite National Park 132 XXII. Map of Sequoia and General Grant National Parks 146 XXIII. Map of Mount Rainier National Park 150 XXIV. Map of Crater Lake National Park 160 XXV. Map of Platt National Park 166 XXVI. Map of Mesa Verde National Park 168 XXVII. Map of Glacier National Park 172 XXVIII. Map of Rocky Mountain National Park 178 XXIX. Map of Zion National Monument 196 XXX. Map of western portion of the United States showing relation of the national park and monument areas to the several States, the public lands, and the national forests 204 FIGURES. 1. Map showing boundaries of Katmai National Monument, Alaska 31 2. Underground survey of Crystal Cave 52 3. Map showing location of Zion National Monument in southern Utah, with principal connecting roads 86 4. Automobile guide map showing roads in Yosemite Valley 142 5. Graphic chart: All national parks-appropriations, revenues, and visitors 208 7 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE THE RESTORATION OF PEACE. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Washington, D. C., November 12, 1918. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, SIR: With the war brought to a successful conclusion, the welcome Washington, October 15, 1918. announcement of which has come since this second annual report of Sir: At this writing the situation abroad seems to bring the close the National Park Service was prepared, I foresee a great impetus of the war within the limits of reasonable conjecture, and encourages to national-park travel during the coming summer. The travel of me to look forward to the time, next season in all probability, when this year was within 93 per cent of that of 1917, but was maintained our interim work on the national parks may do its belated but none at that remarkable level at the height of the war by the influx of the less true and useful bit by furnishing recuperation to thousands motorists in their own cars. If tourist rates by rail are announced who have given themselves ceaselessly and untiringly to the cause of in ample time before the season opens, it can safely be predicted that peace by earnest labor for the success of the war. the combined railroad and automobile travel will insure to the national Whenever this hiatus between the lapse of the war impetus and our parks the greatest attendance and the most successful season they have resumption of national development may arrive, the parks will be ever enjoyed. ready with their calm and glorious beauty, their inspiration, and Progress is shown in carrying out the plans I have already laid their marvelous recuperative gifts. There the tired war workers may before you to make one of the most interesting of the parks accessible give themselves without stint to the business of restoring minds and in a larger way than ever before, and it only needs the United States bodies in preparation for the great era of peace and reconstruction to Railroad Administration's early announcement of low excursion rates follow. for next summer's tourist travel, with a continuation of the hearty cooperation is has already shown us, to make the plan an assured success. A number of projects for which appropriations have already I take pleasure in submitting to you the second annual report of been made will now be energetically pushed to completion by the the National Park Service. It covers the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918, in SO far as financial matters and certain fiscal tables are con- National Park Service. I believe, too, that Congress will consider favorably the starting cerned, but relates chiefly to the tourist season that has just closed of one or two important road projects which we omitted from the and what has been accomplished since the date of the last report. estimates for the next fiscal year on account of war conditions but While war exigencies have curtailed travel to many of the national parks, and in several directions changed the course of our normal which I propose to submit for your consideration in supplemental estimates. The people will assuredly turn their eyes longingly toward activities, it is gratifying to record that in the past year there have their great national recreation ground, and it behooves us to make been important achievements in the development of the national park and monument system. Several of these accomplishments are every preparation to welcome them. especially notable because they have a very definite relation to the Very respectfully, future progress of the great public work in which we are engaged. STEPHEN T. MATHER, Director. THE NATIONAL PARKS POLICY. The SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 8 Next to the organization of the National Park Service itself last year, the announcement on May 13, 1918, of the administrative policy that is to guide its activities is the most important event in the recent history of national park development. This statement of policy sets forth these three fundamental principles which are to govern all of the activities of the National Park Service: "First, that the national parks must be maintained in absolutely unimpaired 1 Printed in full in Appendix G, p. 273. 9 form for the use of future generations as well as those of our own Concessioners in the parks must render service satisfactory to the time; second, that they are set apart for the use, observation, health, department at carefully regulated rates. The general principle is and pleasure of the people; and third, that the national interest must laid down that competitive business should not be authorized when a dictate all decisions affecting public or private enterprise in the concession is meeting our requirements. As contemplated by Con- parks." gress the national parks must yield a revenue to the Federal Gov- Proceeding on these basic principles your outline states that there ernment. This revenue is to come principally from concessions and shall be no commercial use of the national parks and monuments ex- automobile fees. All concession charges are to be reasonable and cept such as may be specially authorized by law or incidental to the must take into consideration the volume of business transacted by accommodation and entertainment of visitors. With reference to the them and the hazards under which they operate. Automobile fees specially authorized use of park lands for the grazing of live stock, must be reasonable and not impose a burden upon the motorist. as provided in the National Park Service act,¹ the stipulation is made that the grazing of cattle may be allowed in isolated regions COOPERATION OF GOVERNMENT BUREAUS. not frequented by visitors, where there is no possibility of injury resulting to the natural features of the parks. The grazing of sheep We are advised to avail ourselves of the assistance of scientific is specifically prohibited. bureaus of the Government in solving questions relating to the public Park lands leased for the purpose of operating concessions are to health, the care of wild animals, the propagation and distribution of be no larger than absolutely necessary for the purposes of these en- fish, and in the solution of other problems where scientific aid may be terprises. Summer homes in the parks are not to be permitted on the had for the asking. ground that all park lands are for the use of all the people and that Cooperation with the railroads, tourist bureaus, automobile and access to all of the streams, lakes, and other points of interest or highway associations is authorized, to the end that information about places of recreation must not be denied to anyone. the national parks may be thoroughly disseminated. It is also de- Timber only may be cut where it is needed for the improvement clared to be the duty of the National Park Service to keep informed of the park and then only when it can be removed from the forests of park movements and park progress at home and abroad. Close without injuring the landscape, or where it is necessary to protect cooperation with the Dominion Parks Branch of the Canadian De- the forests themselves from fire or insect depredations. partment of the Interior is pledged. Rules to be observed in passing on new park projects, and propo- HARMONY OF BUILDINGS AND LANDSCAPE. sitions involving additions to existing parks, are laid down. In All of the improvements in the parks must be carefully harmonized analyzing new park projects we must confine consideration to with the landscape, and to this end engineers trained in landscape "scenery of supreme and distinctive quality or some natural feature architecture or fully appreciative of the necessity for maintaining so extraordinary or unique as to be of national interest and import- the parks in their natural state must be employed to supervise and ance," or " distinguished examples of typical forms of world archi- carry out all improvement work. New improvements must be tecture," in order that the dignity and prestige of the system as now planned carefully and comprehensively in advance of execution. established may not be impaired. These are the main subjects covered. The advisability of securing exclusive jurisdiction over all of the national parks is emphasized. With reference to private holdings This platform is destined to go down in national park history as in all of the national parks, your statement of policy commits both one of its most important documents; it is not likely to be modified the department and the National Park Service to their acquisition greatly in the future because the fundamental principles it enunciates by purchase through congressional appropriation, or by acceptance govern the future care and use of all of these reservations, as well as of donation. the present protection and enjoyment of them. All of the parks and monuments are to be open to vehicles of all kinds, and facilities are to be provided SO that tourists may visit and NATIONAL BUREAU OF RAILROAD SERVICE. enjoy the parks in any manner they may choose. One of our chief duties is declared to be the encouragement in the national parks of Another event of surpassing importance was the establishment, in all outdoor sports, except hunting and other activities which may im- Chicago, by the United States Railroad Administration of the Bureau pair the parks or injure their wild life. Recreational use of the parks of Service: National Parks and Monuments. This occurred on June is to be stimulated by any means possible. From the standpoint of T. 1918. Mr. Howard H. Hays, manager of the touring department education, classes in science are to be afforded special opportunities of the Union Pacific Railroad and Chicago & North Western Rail- to study in the national parks, and museums containing specimens way, was made manager of the new organization, with power to of their flora and fauna are to be established as funds are provided choose from the personnel of the various railroads tributary to the for this purpose. national parks and monuments a corps of assistants, each of whom would be thoroughly acquainted with at least one national park and 1 Act of Aug. 25, 1916 (39 Stat., 535) sec. 3. all conditions affecting travel thereto. The Government now has exclusive jurisdiction over parks in Arkansas, Oklahoma, Wyoming, Montana, Washington, and Oregon ; also in the Terrltorles of Hawaii and The bureau was created to serve several purposes. In the first Alaska. place, it was to preserve the close relationship that had been estab- HFIL. HC. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF E NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR Tema FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1919 11290 93 CONTENTS. Page. Bureau- of Service helps 12 A National Travel Bureau 12 Competition of Europe: 13 Publications of the Park Service 14 Picture Service 14 Exhibits of rational-park pictures 15 A Study of the park travel 15 Travelers come from every State 16 Conventions in the parks 16 Interpark train parties 16 The park-to-park highway 17 Brooklyn Eagle and other interpark tours 17 By automobile from Sequoia to Mount Rainier 18 Designation of highway, first step 19 Alternative routes advisable 19 Friends of Interpark system gather 20 National aid to complete system 21 Good roads needed everywhere 21 Paving roads to national parks 22 No money for park road construction 22 General engineering department 23 New roads planned and surveyed 23 Engineering studies in Grand Canyon and other parks 24 Road projects of the early future 24 Trail routes examined and bridges designed 24 Use of T. N. T 25 Valuable engineering work and advice 25 Landscape engineering department established 25 Permanent camp improvements planned 26 Landscape architecture and park gateways 26 Attractive buildings designed and sites selected 26 Forests and lakes receive special attention 27 Strict conservation principles govern landscape betterment 27 Valuable aid in landscape problems 27 Aeroplanes in the national parks 28 The national parks in the field of education 29 National parks studied at Columbia 29 The Le Conte Memoria Lectures 29 Campfire educational talks 30 Museums to be established 31 Natural history series of publications 31 The National Parks Association 32 Help of the mountaineering clubs 33 Mountaineering club outings 33 Wild-life conservation 34 Notes on fish and fishing 35 Two new national parks 36 System not yet complete 36 Park status for Zion and Bandelier monuments 37 The proposed Redwood National Park 37 The sand dunes of Indiana 39 Mainmoth Cave National Park proposed 40 Eastern national parks 40 Gifts of lands for eastern parks 41 The national military parks 41 Consolidate national-park areas under one head 42 3 4 CONTENTS. CONTENTS. 5 Page. Yosemite National Park-Continued. Page. Appropriations and revenues 42 Some public utilities inadequate 69 Revenues increasing 43 The Le Conte Memorial lectures 70 The year in the parks 43 State and Federal cooperation 70 Yellowstone National Park 43 Sequoia National Park 71 Administration of the park reorganized 44 The Roosevelt National Park suggested 71 Assistant Director Albright becomes superintendent 44 Legislation in Congress 71 All travel records broken 44 New bills introduced 72 Hotels and permanent camps sometimes overcrowded 45 Development retarded 72 More accommodations available in 1920 45 Crystal cave- closed 73 Motorists camp out in the Yellowstone 46 Yosemite power plant for Sequoia Park 73 Big automobile camp grounds necessary 46 Public camp situation 73 The charm of Yellowstone trails 46 Old roads and new roads 74 More trails needed 47 New transportation enterprise 74 Park extension bill in Congress 47 Deer give pleasure to visitors 75 The Tetons valuable only for park purposes 48 Giant Forest purchase an object lesson 75 The menace of irrigation projects 48 General Grant Park 75 The elk herds in danger 49 A gateway to Roosevelt Park 75 Winter feeding grounds necessary 50 Possible addition of Sequoia Lake 76 Epidemic among the bison 50 Summer colony planned 76 New telephone and telegraph lines needed 50 Improvements of the season 76 Road system in fine repair 51 Mount Rainier National Park 77 Approach-road problems 51 More accommodations next year 77 Ranger stations and snowshoe cabins 52 Superior guide service available 77 Glacier National Park 52 Labor Day crowds 78 Drought and fires stop improvements 53 Conventions in the park 78 Smoke dims mountains and glaciers 53 MountaineeriL clubs hold outings 78 Long vacations as usual 53 Memorial to Gen. Hazard Stevens 79 Saddle horses in great demand 54 Wild life inadequately protected 79 Triangle trip popular 54 A biological survey in progress 79 North Park trails planned 54 Longmire property changes hands 79 Walking trails proposed 55 Develop Carbon River next 80 A comprehensive road program 55 State road to Carbon region 80 Roads of the future 56 Hotel will follow road 81 State highway construction 57 A paving program suggested 81 Indian reservation roads 57 An ideal road system of the future 81 Public camp for Belly River 58 Trails to Kalapache Ridge 82 Telephone lines and other improvements 58 Ohanapecosh Hot Springs 82 Administration site suggestions 59 Crater Lake National Park 82 Irrigation works in operation 59 Engineering work transferred 82 Wild animals flourishing 59 Park roads in good condition 83 Desirable park extension 60 Trails supplement rim drive 83 Connecting Yellowstone and Glacier 60 A paving program essential 83 The Yellowstone-Glacier Bee Line Highway 61 Approach-road notes 84 Interpark auto service 61 Hotel service somewhat improved 84 Interpark train service advisable 61 National Editorial Association at Crater Lake 84 Yosemite National Park 61 Diamond Lake addition 85 The New Yosemite 62 Rocky Mountain National Park 85 62 All hotels crowded 85 Yosemite Valley more popular than ever Little consideration from the Government 86 Tuolumne Meadows campers' paradise Improvements to come 86 Emergency improvements necessary this year 63 Roads for Trail Ridge and l'ern Lake 87 Big development coming 63 New trail down Poudre River 87 Glacier Point enjoyed by thousands 64 Camp Curry plans enlargement Fall River Road nears completion 88 64 New transportation routes 64 Approach-road improvement 88 Much travel between Yosemite and Lake Tahoe 65 Colorado Mountain Club outing 89 The winter carnival 89 El Camino Sierra and the Tioga Road 65 65 Better transportation facilities 89 All-year-round road projected Paved road program for Yosemite 66 Add Mount Evans to Rocky Mountain Park 90 Extent of Mount Evans region 91 The Yosemite Valley-Nevada Falls-Tenaya Road 66 Denver-pledges aid 91 Winter sports in Yosemite 61 Mesa Verde National Park 91 The Sierra Club outing 6i New road ascending the Mesa 91 Half Dome scalable now 67 68 Wonderful sections of park inaccessible 92 Trail development in contemplation 68 Scenic trip to Mesa Verde 92 Fish Hatchery delayed Essential game preserves 695 Archroological work resumed 93 Continuing excavation program advisable 93 California cedes jurisdiction 69 6 CONTENTS. CONTENTS. 7 Mesa Verde National Park-Continued. Proposed Yucca House National Monument Page Page. Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument 93 124 Hovenweep Monument not yet established Shoshone Cavern National Monument Mesa Verde research headquarters 94 124 Devils Tower National Monument Grand Canyon National Park 94 124 Sitka National Monument 94 124 Dedication of the new park Katmai National Monument 95 125 Administration organization formed Other national monuments Extensive improvements required 95 125 Personnel notes Administrative village betterments 96 126 98 Washington office undermanned 126 Water storage a serious problem 99 Changes in personnel 126 Private lands and mining claims North rim problems 99 Legislation 127 Park bills enacted into law 100 127 Features of the north rim Grazing in the park 100 Sixty-fifth Congress 127 Sixty-sixth Congress 128 A winter and summer park 102 State legislation 129 Lafayette National Park 102 Bills not approved by last Congress 129 First national park in the East 102 Pending national-park legislation 130 Its varied natural attractions 103 Proposed development 103 Presidential proclamations 132 104 Needs of the National Park Service 132 Advantages of its location In conclusion 133 Hawaii National Park 104 Thrilling lava spectacles at Kilauea 105 Appendix A.-The national parks and monuments: 105 The national parks administered by the lational Park Service, De- Perritt's Cone and the Crockett Trail Mauna Loa Park area 106 partment of the Interior 136 The Haleakala Park area on Maul 106 The national military and other parks administered by the War De- 107 partment 138 Exchange bills pending in Congress Lassen Volcanic National Park 107 The national monuments administered by the National Park Service, 108 Departmen. of the Interior 138 No funds for protection or improvement 108 The national monuments administered by the Department of Agricul- Interpark route via Lassen Volcanic Park Volcano quiet 108 ture 140 Mount McKinley National Park 109 The national monuments administered by the War Department 140 109 Organization of the National Park Service 141 Civilization brings danger to park animals 109 Appendix B.-Reports of officers in charge of the national parks and Wind Cave National Park 110 monuments: No important improvements made 110 Index to individual reports 143 Son succeeds father 110 Capulin Mountain National Monument 260 Game preserve prospers 110 Casa Grande National Monument 249 Conserving the water supply 111 Crater Lake National Park 216 Platt National Park 111 El Morro National Monument 252 Game preserve development 111 Glacier National Park 230 The Cliffside trail Sullys Hill National Park 111 Hot Springs Reservation 147 112 Lafayette National Park 246 Hot Springs Reservation 112 Landscape engineer 260 Hot Springs citizens give bathhouse site 113 Mesa Verde National Park 227 Bathhouse plans approved 113 Mount Rainier National Park 207 Improvement of reservation front 114 Muir Woods National Monument 253 An important housing problem 114 Petrified Forest National Monument 252 Special landscape improvement 115 Platt National Park 222 Change of name disapproved 115 Rocky Mountain National Park 237 Hot Springs season 115 Sequoia aud General Grant National Parks 200 Zion National Monument 116 Tumacacori National Monument 253 Travel and accommodations 116 Wind Cave National Park 219 State roads improved 116 Yellowstone National Park 157 A national treasure 117 Yosemite National Park 182 Muir Woods National Monument 118 Zion National Monument 260 Steep ravine gift to Nation 118 Appendix C.-Statistics: Automobiles may be excluded 118 Visitors to the national parks, 1907-1919 270 A water system installed 118 Automobile and motor cycle licenses issued during seasons 1915-1919 271 Casa Grande National Monument 118 Receipts collected from automobiles and motor cycles during seasons Tumacacori National Monument 119 1915-1919 271 Gran Quivira National Monument 120 Private automobiles entering the national parks durings seasons Chaco Canyon National Monument 120 1916-1919 271 Dinosaur National Monument 120 National park and monument areas administered by the National Verendrye National Monument 121 Park Service in relation to the States and Territories in which Petrified Forest National Monument 121 they are located Navajo National Monument 121 National park and monument areas administered by the National El Morro National Monument 123 Park Service in relation to public lands 272 Montezuma Castle National Monument 123 Appendix C.-Statistics-Continued Page. National park and monument areas administered by the National Park Service in relation to national forests, including national monuments administered by the Forest Service 273 Statement of appropriations made for and received revenues from the various national parks and national monuments, and expendi- tures made therefrom during the fiscal years 1904-1919, inclusive; also appropriations for the fiscal year 1920 273 Detailed statement of appropriations for the national parks and monuments 277 Graphic chart: ILLUSTRATIONS. Fig. 6.-All national parks, appropriations, revenues, and visitors 278 Appendix D.-Legislation: Legislation affecting the national parks, enacted by Congress since PRATES. date of the second annual report 301 Page. Legislation affecting the national parks, enacted by the States 306 I. Administration of National Park Areas 42 Executive orders relating to national parks, issued since date of the II. Mount Bainier National Park Development of Winter Sports 46 second annual report 306 A. The Mountaineers in Paradise Valley, December, 1918. Senate and House of Representatives reports on pending legislation B. The Winter Approach to the Mountain. affecting the national parks made since date of the second annual III. Yellowstone National Park 46 report 307 A. Jackson Lake and the Teton Mountains in the Proposed Appendix E.-Bibliographies Enlargement. Bibliography of books and magazine articles on national park sub- B. Automobile Campers below Mammoth Hot Springs Ter- jects, October 1, 1918, to September 30, 1919 335 races. Bibliography of books, Government reports, and magazine articles IV. Yellowstone National Park; New Gardiner Road 46 on Grand Canyon National Park 342 A. Showing Washed-out Old Ro.d at Right. Bibliography of books and magazine articles on Lafayette National B. Of Easy Grade and Ample Width. Park 346 V. Crater L ke National Park 47 Appendix F.-National park publications: A. Scene in Proposed Enlargement, Looking Across Dia- Free publications 351 mond Lake Toward Mount Bailey. Publications sold by Superintendent of Documents 352 B. Day's Catch of Lake Trout. Topographic maps sold by United States Geological Survey 354 VI. Map Showing Proposed Enlargement of Yellowstone National Railroad Guide Books sold by Superintendent of Documents 355 Park 48 United States Railroad Administration booklets 356 VII. Rocky Mountain National Park 66 Appendix G.-Miscellaneous: A. Lake Nanita. An Act to establish a National Park Service, and for other purposesti 359 B. On the Continental Divide. An Act for the preservation of American antiquities 360 VIII. Yosemite National Park 66 Statement of the national park policy 361 A. First Aeroplane to Land in Yosemite Valley. Decision of the Commissioner of the General Land Office in reference B. El Portal Road. to the Cameron mining locations in Grand Canyon National Park. 365 IX. Yosemite National Park 66 Our national parks in winter 371 A. Old. Sentinel Bridge. Associated mountaineering clubs of North America 375 B. New Sentinel Bridge. X. In Muir Woods National Monument, California 67 Lafayette National Park 67 A Worn Granite Mountain Surface. XI. Map Showing Proposed Enlargement of the Sequoia National Park to be known as the Roosevelt National Park 72 XII. Map Showing Proposed Enlargement of the Crater Lake Na- tional Park 84 XIII. Map Showing Proposed Mount Evans Region Addition to the Rocky Mountain National Park 90 XIV. Glacier National Park 98 A. Blackfeet Indian Camp in Two Medicine Valley. B. Many Glacier Automobile Road. XV. Sequoia National Park 98 A. In the Giant Forest. B. Entrance to Crystal Cave. XVI. Proposed Roosevelt National Park 98 A. Bubbs Creek Falls. B. Bull Frog Lake. XVII. Zion National Monument, Utah 99 A. Entering Zion Canyon. B. Living in Zion Canyon. XVIII. Hawaii National Park, Kilauea's "Lake of Everlasting Fire 118 Mesa Verde National Park. Square Tower House. 9 or These extension projects will be discussed later in this report under improving the opportunities for the sport of fishing in every national the outlines of the needs of the respective parks. They include the park where this can be done. enlargement of Sequoia National Park and the changing of its name to Roosevelt National Park the inclusion of the Teton Mountains TWO NEW NATIONAL PARKS. and other scenic territory in Yellowstone National Park,2 the addi- tion of the Diamond Lake region to Crater Lake National Park, For a time, in the early part of the current calendar year, it ap- and the extension of Mount Rainier Park to take in Ohanapecosh peared as if 1919 would become the most important year in the re- Hot Springs.4 Likewise there is a pressing necessity for adding the cent legislative history of the national park system. Bills providing Mount Evans region to Rocky Mountain National Park.5 It is not for the establishment of the Grand Canyon and Lafayette National unlikely that certain changes should be made in Yosemite National Parks were passed by both Houses of Congress, and the inhibition on Park, some lands being excluded and other lands in the High Sierrn the appropriation of more than $10,000 annually for Rocky Mountain being included. Also, it seens essential that the east boundary line National Park was repealed. A bill providing for the enlargement of Glacier National Park be extended to the section of the park high- of Sequoia National Park and renaming it Roosevelt National Park way that traverses the Blackfeet Indian Reservation.6 was passed by the Senate unanimously, and an equally important meas- ure enlarging Yellowstone National Park was approved unanimously PARK STATUS FOR ZION AND BANDELIER MONUMENTS. by the House of Representatives. These last two measures, however, failed of final enactment in the closing days of the Sixty-fifth Con- T national monuments should be raised to the dignity of na- gress. Nevertheless, the measures that were put on the statute books tional parks. One of these, Zion National Monument in Utah, during the year marked a tremendously important step in rounding is already receiving the consideration of Congress, and a bill pro- out the park system. It should be noted also that the legislature of viding for its elevation to the park class has been passed by the California passed a law ceding jurisdiction over Yosemite, Sequoia, Senate.7 It was slightly amended in the House of Representatives and General Grant National Parks to the Federal Government. and at this writing the amendments are being considered in con- By the establishment of the Grand Canyon and Lafayette National ference. The other project relates to Bandelier National Monument Parks, the number of parks was increased to 18, while the monu- in New Mexico. Now situated in a national forest, it is under ments under the National Park Service were reduced to 23, Lafayette the control of the Department of Agriculture. It contains a vast Park having been Sieur de Monts National Monument prior to its number of prehistoric ruins, including cliff dwellings entirely dif- advancement to the park class. The creation of the Grand Canyon ferent from any in Mesa Verde National Park, enormous pueblos, National Park also reduced the number of monuments under the con- and several remarkable shrines. Furthermore, these interesting trol of the Department of Agriculture to 10. objects of antiquity abound in a beautiful mountainous region ac- The total area of the national parks is now 10,739 square miles, or cessible by railroad and automobile. When made a national park, 6,872,960 acres, and the area of the national monuments is 1,931 this region would splendidly complement Mesa Verde Park. square miles, or 1,235,840 acres. There is one national park on the Two bills providing for giving the Bandelier Monument and its Hawaiian Islands, one in Alaska, and 16 in the States. Lafavette surrounding region a park status are now pending in Congress. Park is the first scenic national park to be established least of the Mis- One proposes to call the new park the National Park of the Cliff sissippi River. There are two monuments in Alaska that are under Cities, and the other measure contemplates the establishment of our jurisdiction, but the others are in the States west of the Missis- the Pajarito National Park. The latter bill covers a smaller terri- sippi. tory than the former, but nevertheless it includes within the bound- The first national park to be established was Hot Springs, first set aries it delineates all of the prehistoric rnins and the finest scenery apart in 1832. Yellowstone came second in 1872, and its develop- of the region. ment by the Government was really undertaken in advance of the former park. {The last parks to be created, Lafayette and Grand THE PROPOSED REDWOOD NATIONAL PARK. Canyon, were both established on the same date-February 26, 1919. The first monument to be established was Devils Tower National In my report for last year I mentioned that plans were being Monument in Wyoming, September 24, 1908, although Casa Grande formulated for the acquisition of a stand of redwood trees of the National Monument was first reserved in 1892 under a special act of species Sequoia sempervirens, which is native to the coast regions Congress relating to that particular group of ruins. of California and southern Oregon. Splendid forests of these trees are fast being cut, and if anything is to be accomplished in SYSTEM NOT YET COMPLETE. 1 See p. 71. Also Congressional Committee reports on p. 310. See p. 47. Also Congressional Committee report on p. 319. There are several important steps yet to be taken by Congress be- See p. 85. See p. 82. fore the national-park system is complete. Several new national See p. 90. See p. 60. parks should be added to the group already created, and there should See p. 116 for discussion of merits of project and p. 328 for Congressional Committee be some important extensions of a number of the existing parks reports. 1 See texts of the organic laws on p. 301 and p. 304. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. 127 126 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. These national monuments either do not require improvement ex- Robert Sterling Yard, chief of the Educational Division of the Service, resigned on June 30, 1919, to become executive secretary of or pense covering the cost of constructing many miles of are not susceptible of development except at an enormous roads and the newly organized National Parks Association. D. L. Reaburn, superintendent of Mount Rainier National Park, trails. These are the Pinnacles National Monument, California; Natural was granted indefinite leave of absence on April 16, 1919, and on and Rainbow Bridge National Monuments, Utah; Colorado Monu- May 10 Maj. Roger W. Toll was appointed to fill the vacancy. National Bridges Monument, Colorado; Papago Saguaro National New Thomas W. Brazell, superintendent of Wind Cave National Park, resigned on March 15, 1919, and his son, Roy, was appointed to suc- ment, Arizona; and Capulin Mountain National Monument, ceed him. Prior to entering the Army, the new superintendent had Mexico. served at a park ranger. PERSONNEL NOTES. Col. Richard A. Sneed, superintendent of Platt National Park, left the service on June 30, 1919, to become commissioner of Con- The war drew heavily on the field forces of the National Park federate pensions of Oklahoma. He was succeeded on July 16 by Service, but with the demobilization of the Army and the Navy Thomas Ferris, formerly superintendent of the Pawnee Indian most of our former employees are returning to resume their duties, re- School. with even keener interest in the preservation of America's scenic civil George B. Dorr, custodian of the Sieur de Monts National Monu- than they possessed when they withdrew from back. the The ment, became superintendent of Lafayette National Park shortly sources service. We are glad when these young enthusiasts come the hands after the date the monument was made into the park.- parks are safer and better in every way when they are in Chester A. Lindsley, chief clerk of Yellowstone National Park, of such men. was appointed assistant superintendent of the park, effective July 1, to return and who is qualified for permanent service in the I hope that we may take back every former employee who bureau. desires 1919. H. Lynam, chief ranger of Lafayette National Park, was ap- pointed assistant superintendent on May 22, 1919 WASHINGTON OFFICE UNDERMANNED. William H. Peters, assistant engineer, was designated as acting There is a most pressing need for more employees in the accord- Wash- superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park on August 2, 1919. ington office of the Service. The bureau was organized in The position of examiner of accounts in the field, formerly held with legislation framed in 1915 before the great development little by C. G. Smith, was discontinued on March 5, 1919. of business to transact. The work of the Service has grown by leaps ance the national parks began and while there was comparatively Frank Pinkley, custodian of Cusa Grande National Monument, was placed in charge of the Tumacacori National Monument on and bounds in the past two years, and now our Washington sufficient force December 9, 1918. He will administer both custodianships. Oscar Rohn, custodian of Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monu- has reached the point where constant overtime duty is not to enable it to keep abreast of the never-ending flood of important ment, resigned on June 10, 1919. official matters. Certainly there can be no similar group of men and LEGISLATION. women anywhere in the Federal service that is required to expend continually so much mental and physical energy under high pressure in I have already discussed in more or less detail the legislation as loyal, faithful efforts to successfully operate the central governing our people have been expending during the past two years relating to the national-park system that has been enacted by Con- gress and by the States since the preparation of the last report, and organization of the national parks. Most of them deserve higher some attention has been given to important pending bills. The text salaries and nearly all should have more assistance. In my opinion. Na- of the new laws will be found in Appendix D of this volume, to- a lump-sum appropriation should be granted each year to the gether with important reports of committees of Congress relating to tional Park Service for payment of the salaries of its experts and be these laws or pending bills. clerks in Washington. Under such a fund exact justice could For convenient reference the following is a brief summary of the accorded every member of the force. However, more employees reliev. and national-park measures enacted into law during the past year or higher salaries even on a statutory roll would go far toward pending in Congress at the present time: ing the very serious problem that is confronting the Service. PARK BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW. CHANGES IN PERSONNEL. SIXTY-FIFTH CONGRESS. On June 10, 1919, Arno B. Cammerer, for several years assistant secretary of the Fine Arts Commission, was appointed assistant The act of February 25, 1919,1 entitled "An act to authorize the director of the National Park Service, to succeed Horace M. Al. sale of certain lands at or near Yellowstone, Mont., for hotel and bright, who was appointed superintendent of Yellowstone National other purposes," authorizes the Oregon Short Line Railroad Co. to Park on that date. 40 Stat., 1152. See text of law on p. 301. 141822-19-9 128 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. 129 purchase a tract of land near the western entrance to Yellowstone Park and adjacent to the grounds upon which the company's station bathhouse at Hot Springs, Ark. This act also transferred control of and other terminal buildings are located. The tract is to be used as road improvement in Crater Lake National Park from the War De- a site for a new hotel which is planned for the early future. The partment, Corps of Engineers, to the Interior Department. operation of the hotel will be subject to the regulations of the Secre- STATE LEGISLATION. tary of the Interior under the following provision of the law: Provided, however, That any hotel erected on said lands shall be operated by the said Oregon Short Line Railroad Co., or its successors in interest, under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior my prescribe for the Grant National Parks. The act was approved by Gov. William D. States exclusive jurisdiction over Yosemite, Sequoia, and General The Legislature of California passed a law ceding to the United conduct and operation of hotels within the Yellowstone National Park. Stephens on April 15, 1919.1 The act of February 26, 1919,1 entitled An act to establish the Grand Canyon National Park," changed the Grand Canyon of the Colorado region in Arizona from the status of a national monument purpose the better protection of the national parks of Montana from its The Legislature of Montana enacted legislation which had for to that of a national park. This was S. 390 of the Sixty-fifth there poaching. If all national park States would enact similar measures Congress, introduced by Senator Ashurst, of Arizona, and mentioned tection would be opportunities for better cooperation in game pro- thar LOW exist. on pages 95 and 236 of my 1918 report. It passed the Senate on May 16, 1918, was reported from the Public Lands Committee of the BILLS NOT APPROVED BY LAST CONGRESS| House on October 18, 1918, and passed the House on January 20, 1919. The act of February 26, 1919,2 entitled " An act to establish the enactment in the other: fifth Congress the following were passed by one House but failed of Among the important national-park measures before the Sixty- Lafayette National Park in the State of Maine," added the Sieur de Monts National Monument to the national park system and changed the name of the area. This measure was S. 4957 of the Sixty- fifth Congress, introduced by Senator Hale, of Maine. It passed the tains enlargement of Yellowstone Park to include the Teton Moun- Park," for the introduced by Mr. Mondell on December 12, 1918, provided H. R. 13350, "A bill to add certain-lands to Yellowstone National Senate on October 3, 1918, was reported from the Committee on Pub- H. R. and other lands south of the present park. This bill superveded lic Lands of the House on January 15, 1919, and passed the House Lands year's report on pages 40 and 96. It was reported from the Public 11661, introduced on April 24, 1918, and mentioned in last on February 17, 1919. This legislation was covered in last year's re- port on pages 95, 238, 239, and 240. The act of March 1, 1919,3 entitled "An act to repeal the last pro- 18 1919, it was passed by the House on February 17. On February 16, and Committee of the House of Representatives on January viso of section 4 of the act to establish the Rocky Mountain National Park in the State of Colorado, and for other purposes, approved Jan- in Objection the was made to the bill when it was brought up for was reported from the Senate Committeo on Public Lands. uary 26, 1915," withdrew the inhibition on the appropriation of more reached Senate, and the end of the session came before it was passage than $10,000 annually for Rocky Mountain National Park, thus ure, is now pending in the Sixty-sixth Congress. on the calendar. H. R. 1412, a bill identical with this meas- again opening the way for the development of this important reservation. This legislation was H. R. 171 of the Sixty-fifth Congress, intro- duced by Mr. Timberlake, of Colorado. It was described on pages 1919, reported with by the Senate Committee on Public Lands on January was 16, troduced by Senator Phelan, of Culifornia, on April 21, 1917, 2021, "A bill to add certain lands to Sequoia National Park," in- 95 and 241 of last year's report. It was passed by the House of Rep. resentatives on February 3, 1919, and by the Senate on February 21, Lands was passed by the Senate. In the House Committee on the Public larged park to Roosevelt National Park. On the same day the bill en- an amendment changing the name of the proposed 1919. It superseded S. 1555, by Senator Shafroth, which was passed by the Senate on February 5, 1918. sion National of Park. The provisions of the bill relating to the the velt name of the existing Sequoia National Park be changed to Roose- ary the measure was reported with the recommendation that 12 hearings were held on the bill on January 21, and on Febru- SIXTY-SIXTH CONGRESS. The sundry civil appropriation act of July 19, 1919,4 carried ap- propriations of $754,195 for the National Park Service in Washing- the park were stricken out. The bill in this emasculated exten- form ton and for the administration, protection, maintenance, and im- was not considered by the House before the end of the session. provement of the various national parks and monuments. It also re- appropriated $140,000, contained in the sundry civil act of July 1, National Roosevelt Park, California, and to change the name of said Sequoia park to Meanwhile H. R. 14624, "A bill to add certain lands to the 1918,5 for the construction of a new administrative building and free National Park," was introduced by Mr. Elston, of Cali- 140 Stat., 1175. See text of law on p. 301. 1 See text of the law on p. 306. 40 Stat., 1178. See text of law on p. 304. See text of the law on p. 306. 40 Stat.. 1270. See text of law on p. 304. See committee report on p. 319. Public No. 21, 66th Congress. 40 Stat., 679. fee See on p. report 310, and of Senate excerpts Committee from the on Congressional Public Lands Record p. 307, on report p. 318, of the House commit- HFCL. HC DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1920 AND THE TRAVEL SEASON 1920 OF DEPARTMENT THE BANK LIBRARY Death Valley, California WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE CONTENTS. Page. Parks are truly national 13 Economic value recognized 14 Civic pride engendered 14 An analysis of the park travel 15 Travelers come from every State 16 Motor travel increased despite gasoline shortage 16 Travel handled better 16 Increased accommodations planned 17 Inspection trip of Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives. 17 Six parks visited 18 Personnel of the party 18 Parks and administration commended 18 Representative Hicks also studies park administration 19 Visit of the Belgian royal party 19 Escorted national-park tours 20 Brooklyn Daily Eagle tour 20 Bureau of Service, National Parks and Resorts 20 Organizations have tours for members 21 Other tourist agencies 21 A crisis in national conservation 21 Not the first attacks 21 Bruneau project n.y Beautiful Heart Lake would be ruined 23 Lewis and Shoshone Lakes in danger 23 Falls River Basin also 24 R Not a worthless swamp area 24 The Dubois project 25 The Carlisle project 25 Damage done if lake raised 25 feet 26 Game feeding grounds would be destroyed 26 Even 5-foot raise would be destructive 27 Falls River Basin project Agreement to investigate violated Bill passes Senate Blocked in House Precedent would be established Montana project Useless as measure of flood control The Federal water-power act Parks and monuments not exempt Applications already filed 31 Yosemite invaded 31 Sequoia also invaded Applications not to be considered now National park policy firmly fixed Park policy defined 32 Distinction between national parks and forests 33 Admit power projects, irrigation projects will follow 31 One misstep is fatal 34 Precedent must not be established 34 States as well as Nation will lose 35 Not a sectional question 35 Niagara, the spectacle, pays 30 Two sources of profit instead of one 36 Are we to deprive our children of their heritage 36 : CONTENTS. 5 Page. Establishment of the National Park-to-Park Highway 37 Page. Highway dedicated August 26 38 Mining claims-jurisdiction of General Land Office 76 Greatest scenic drive 38 Dedication of the Grand Canyon 78 Nucleus of great interpark road system 39 Zion National Monument becomes Zion National Park 78 Develop Park-to-Park Highway first 40 The dedication of Zion National Park 80 Federal aid necessary 40 New national monuments during the year 80 Other highway associations active 41 Scotts Bluff National Monument 80 Good roads important factor in park travel 41 The Yucca House National Monument 81 Park road construction necessary 42 Enlargement of Gran Quivira National Monument 82 Paving will prove economical 43 Save the redwoods 82' Save the trees along our highways 43 Investigation now being conducted 82 Oregon's call to arms 44 The proposed Mississippi Valley National Park 83 State parks 46 The Mammoth Cave of Kentucky a conspicuous applicant 84 A State park conference suggested 46 The project to raise Bandelier National Monument to park status 85 Aeroplanes as a means of transportation 46 The Chicago Dunes" area 85 The urgency of a special fund for fighting forest fires 47 Enlargement of existing national-park areas for administrative purposes. 86 Would be touched for no other purpose 47 Proposed national monument areas 87 Appropriations and revenues 48 A possibility in Florida 87 Increase absorbed by higher costs 48 Saving the palm Washingtonia filifera 87 40 per cent of appropriations returned in revenues 49 Bryce Canyon, nature's masterpiece of color 88 Parks can be made self-supporting 49 How to reach Bryce Canyon 88 Gifts to the national park and monument system 49 Not all park and monument areas administered by our service 89 In the field of education 51 Civil engineering department 90 Le Conte memorial lectures 51 Important work accomplished 90 The National Parks Association 52 Major road projects should be started 91 The Far Western Travelers Association 52 Trails to be developed 91 Free nature guide service established 53 Standard designs and specifications 92 Nature guide service will grow 54 Force should be increased 92 Boy Scouts of America 55 Landscape engineering department 92 Far Western" sends New York City Scouts 55 Varied problems 93 Ogden Scouts hike through Yellowstone 56 Administrative groups 93 Other Scout trips 56 Cooperation with public utility operators 94 Archeoological field work 56 Work in the parks 95 Chaco Canyon a popular field 58 Standard park sign adopted 96 The parks our field laboratories 58 Opportunities for our rangers 97 Museums for park visitors 59 The year in the parks 97 National parks in advertising field 59 Yellowstone National Park 97 Publications 60 The park's most successful season 98 Editions of descriptive pamphlets limited to 1,000 copies 60 The irrigation schemes 98 Publications sold by Superintendent of Documents 61 The Falls River Basin plan 98 Films and slides 62 Bills in Congress 99 increased demand for photographs 62 The Cascade corner of the park 99 A foreign exhibit 63 The Yellowstone Lake projects 100 Small appropriation needed to continue work 64 The great falls in danger 100 Protection of our wild life 64 Montana's claims and their merits 100 Elk slaughter shocked whole country 64 Other irrigation plans 101 One bright spot 65 Elk herds suffer in awful winter 101 Game wardens for Mount McKinley needed 65 Deficiency appropriation granted 101 Demand for information on animal and plant life increases 65 Public subscriptions win the battle 102 Wild burro a pest at Grand Canyon 66 Depletion of the herds 102 Fishes and fishing 66 Working against recurrence of losses 103 Permanent fish hatcheries should be established 67 The extension bill in Congress 103 The mountaineering clubs 67 No roads in the extension 104 Mountaineering club outings 68 Snowplow opens roads 104 The Washington office 68 Maintenance by section crews 105 Withdrawal of three detailed employees embarrasses 69 Travel unusually heavy 105 Travel touring division should be established 70 Community centers for campers 105 Value of touring division easily shown 70 Better communication service also needed 106 Work of Bureau of Service, United States Railroad Administration 71 Better postal facilities needed 106 Park Service logical bureau to develop national travel 72 Accommodations to be enlarged 106 As a nation we neglect some opportunities 72 Camp Roosevelt enlarged 107 Strong foreign competition 73 Fish and fishing 107 We should seek travel from abroad 73 Extraordinary service by loyal employees 107 For example 73 Yosemite National Park 108 National parks in foreign countries 74 Post-office facilities vastly bettered 108 California cedes jurisdiction 75 Interdepartmental cooperation 109 Sewer system under way 109 CONTENTS. CONTENTS. 7 Yosemite National Park-Continued Page. Mount Rainier National Park-Continued, Page. Water system wholly inadequate 109 Parking spaces, and shelter cabins 133 Public utilities make big extensions 109 Cooperation in the improvement of telephone communication 133 Camp Curry also enlarges 110 Sanitation lags behind 133 Mariposa-El Portal Road delayed 110 Travel again exceeds former seasons 134 Some park roads in disrepair 110 Mount Rainier takes third place 134 Roads must be rebuilt, then paved or sprinkled 111 Recession of Nisqually Glacier 134 Campers throng the valley 111 Extension and adjacent game preserves still urged 134 Tuolumne Meadows second only to valley 111 Supt. Toll resigns 134 Wild country not overlooked 111 Crater Lake National Park 135 Large areas to remain undeveloped 112 Travel heavier than ever 135 Boundary changes advisable 112 Incompetent management of hotels 135 Federal jurisdiction accepted 112 Promises without performance 135 Educational work continued 112 More promises, but nothing more 136 Nature guide talks 113 Gov. Olcott takes a hand 136 Ranger clubhouse and the administration building 113 Good roads and trails 136 Sequola National Park 113 Outside roads rough 136 The Roosevelt Park bill again before Congress 113 Transportation service 136 Hearings by House Public Lands Committee 114 Still no Diamond Lake extension 137 Opposition demands boundary revision 114 Fish and game 137 Federal jurisdiction established 115 Rocky Mountain National Park 137 The new superintendent 115 High-line route utilized 138 More big trees saved A great circle trip 138 115 Improvements in progress Wonderful trip to Grand Lake 138 115 Sanitation and water supply studied Appropriations increased, but not enough 139 116 Electric-light problem puzzling 116 Big Thompson Canyon Road rebuilt 139 Middle Fork Road coming 116 Park roads planned 139 Business interests change hands 116 Accommodations increased and more needed 139 General Grant National Park 116 Transportation line well managed 139 Public, utilities change hands 117 First gateway constructed 140 Interpark road should follow extension 117 Mount Evans worthy park area 140 Glacier National Park 117 Mesa Verde National Park 140 Additional hotels and chalets may be required 118 New roads and trails 140 Saddle-horse service 119 The museum has big future 140 Launch service 119 New Fire Temple excavated and restored 141 Fishing 119 Archeological work of the future 141 Forest fires 120 Road-extension projects 141 New roads 120 Zion National Park 141 Trails 121 The establishment of the park 142 Telephone lines Appropriations follow park's creation 142 123 Sherburne Lake Reservoir Substantial progress already evident 142 123 Wild animals State pride helps 142 123 Yellowstone-Glacier train service 123 Salt Lake City-Park Gateway 143 Superintendent Payne resigns 124 Wind Cave National Park 143 124 No funds-no improvements 143 Grand Canyon National Park All-year resort 124 New bridges absolutely necessary 143 Suspension bridge to be built 125 The Black and Yellow Trail 144 Additional camps necessary 125 Game preserve 144 Important road projects 126 Lafavette National Park 144 Communication system 126 Increased tourist travel 145 Water supply serious problem 127 Important gifts 145 Coconino County rights in Bright Angel Trail A wild life sanctuary 146 127 Grazing 127 Funds necessary to properly develop 146 Water-power and mining claims Winter sports 146 127 Jurisdiction 129 Hot Springs Reservation 147 Fish and game 129 Col. John R. Fordyce, patriot 147 129 More appropriations needed for free bathhouse 147 Forests and wild flowers 130 Indigent sick receive vast number of baths 148 D. L. Reaburn appointed superintendent Mount Rainier National Park Housing of indigents projected 148 130 Accommodations improved 130 More improvements in order 148 Faith and public spirit 131 Road extension planned 148 131 Park extension possible 149 Roads are lacking Carbon River Road again 131 The business of the year 149 Alternative road to Paradise Valley 131 More revenue assured 149 Trail system bettered 132 Platt National Park 149 132 Elk and buffalo introduced 150 Trail marker innnovation Paradise Valley trails first 132 Sullys Hill National Park CONTENTS. CONTENTS. 9 Page. Page. Hawaii National Park 151 Cooperation between Territory and landowners Appendix B.-Reports of officers in charge of the national parks and 151 monuments: Park representative in the islands 151 Two propositions at Kilauea Index to individual reports 183 151 Hot Springs Reservation 190 Large tract exchanged 151 Yellowstone National Park 197 Another exchange to follow 152 Yosemite National Park 234 Haleakala holdings inconsiderable 152 Yosemite Free Nature Guide Service 253 Kilauea section comes first 152 Sequoia and General Grant National Parks 257 Help Hawaii build roads 152 Mount Rainier National Park 267 The Kau flow 153 Crater Lake National Park 278 The Alika flow 153 Wind Cave National Park 282 Park extension suggested 153 Platt National Park 287 More ships for tourists 153 Sullys Hill National Park 289 Lassen Volcanic National Park 154 Mesa Verde National Park 289 Park gets its first appropriation 154 Glacier National Park 293 Movement to abolish park fails 154 Rocky Mountain National Park 300 Adequate funds needed 154 Grand Canyon National Park 306 Mount McKinley National Park 155 Lafayette National Park 314 Alaska Railroad brings danger to Carlbou 155 Zion National Park 317 Needs of park presented to Congress 155 Casa Grande National Monument 319 Big game animals must be protected 155 El Morro National Monument 321 Claim that mountain is sinking 156 Montezuma Castle National Monument 322 Capulln Mountain National Monument 156 Muir Woods National Monument 326 Casa Grande National Monument 156 Natural Bridges National Monument 327 Chaco Canyon National Monument 157 Navajo National Monument 327 Colorado National Monument 157 Papago Saguaro National Monument 327 Devils Tower National Monument 157 Petrified Forest National Monument 228 Dinosaur National Monument 158 Rainbow Bridge National Monument 328 El Morro National Monument 158 Scotts Bluff National Monument 329 Gran Quivira National Monument 159 Tumacacori National Monument 330 Katmai National Monument 159 Landscape engineer 331 Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument 160 Hawaii National Park, report by field assistant to the director 339 Montezuma Castle National Monument 160 Appendix C.-Statistics: Muir Woods National Monument 161 Visitors to the national parks, 1908-1920 350 Natural Bridges National Monument and Rainbow Bridge National Visitors to some of the national monuments. 1919-20 350 Monument 161 Automobile and motor-cycle licenses issued during seasons 1916-1920. 351 Navajo National Monument 162 Receipts collected from automobiles and motor-cycles during seasons Papago Saguaro National Monument 162 1916-1920 351 Petrified Forest National Monument 162 Private automobiles entering the national parks during seasons Pinnacles National Monument 163 1916-1920 351 Scotts Bluff National Monument 163 National park and monument areas administered by the National Shoshone Cavern National Monument 164 Park Service in relation to the States and Territories in which Sitka National Monument 164 they are located 352 Tumacacori National Monument 164 National park and monument areas administered by the National Verendrye National Monument 165 Park Service in relation to the public lands 352 Yucca House National Monument 166 National park and monument areas administered by the National Park Legislation 166 Service in relation to the national forests, including national monu- Park bills enacted into law 166 A ments administered by the Forest Service 353 Pending national-park legislation 168 Statement of appropriations made for and revenue received from the Presidential proclamations 169 various national parks and national monuments, and expenditures Executive orders 169 made therefrom during the fiscal years 1904-1920, inclusive; also Changes in personnel 169 appropriations for fiscal year 1921 354 Requirements of the national park system 170 Summary of appropriations for the administration, protection, and To conclude 171 improvement of the national parks and national monuments, to- Appendix A.-The national parks and monuments: gether with the revenues received, for the fiscal years 1904-1921, in- The national parks administered by the National Park Service, De- clusive 359 partment of the Interior 176 Appendix D.-Legislation legal decisions: The national, military, and other parks administered by the War De- Legislation affecting the national parks enacted by Congress since partment 178 date of the third annual report 362 The national monuments administered by the National Park Service, Resolution relating to national parks adopted by House of Repre- Department of the Interior 178 sentatives since date of third annual report 368 The national monuments administered by the Department of Agri- Presidential proclamations relating to the national monuments, culture 180 issued since date of third annual report 368 The national monuments administered by the War Department 180 Executive orders relating to national parks and monuments, issued Organization of the National Park Service 181 since date of the third annual report. CONTENTS. dix D.-Legislation; legal decisions-Continued. Page. enate and House of Representative reports on pending legislation affecting the national parks made since date of the third annual report 371 Departmental decision of June 29, 1920, in reference to the Cameron mining locations in Grand Canyon National Park 387 romulgation of departmental decision of June 29, 1920, by Com- ILLUSTRATIONS. missioner of the General Land Office 391 dix E.-National park publications: ree publications 394 ublications sold by Superintendent of Documents 395 PLATES. opographic maps sold by United States Geological Survey 397 Page ailroad guide books sold by Superintendent of Documents 399 PLATE I. Sequoia National Park 42 dix F.-Miscellaneous: A. Campers in the Giant Forest. associated mountaineering clubs of North America 402 B. Tourists arriving and departing at Giant Forest. Report of the director on application of Fremont-Madison Reservoir II. Yosemite National Park 42 Co. for irrigation easements in Yellowstone National Park 414 A. The Sierra Club Ampitheater in Yosemite Valley. Conservation of inland lakes and marshes as a valuable public asset. 417 B. Drivers checking out for the run out the valley. tatement of the national-park policy 419 III. Yosemite National Park 42 in act to establish a National Park Service, and for other purposes 421 A. A Yosemite nature guide. n act for the preservation of American antiquities 422 B. Typical automobile camp in Free Public Camp Grounds. IV. Crater Lake National Park 43 A. Motors on Rim Road over Skell Head. B. Crater Lake Lodge attractively planned but still uncom- pleted. V. Proposed Roosevelt National Park 80 Along the John Muir Trail. Proposed Greater Yellowstone National Park. The Grand Teton from Jenny Lake. VI. Grand Canyon National Park 80 A. Hualapai (Mooney) Falls. B. Havasu (Bridalveil) Falls. VII. Zion National Park 80 A. Glimpse of Little Zion Canyon. B. Temple of the Sun. VIII. Proposed Redwoods National Park, Calif 81 A. It was to save these noble stands of redwoods in northern California that the Save the Redwoods League" was organized in 1919. B. Destruction of the oldest and tallest trees on earth is practically a crime. IX. Administration of national park and monument areas 90 X. Map showing proposed enlargement of Yellowstone National Park 104 XI. Rocky Mountain National Park 10S A. Bluebird Lake in the Wild Basin region. B. The one he missed. XII. Yellowstone National Park 108 A. Unnamed falls 130 feet high in Falls River district. B. Innovation in clearing park roads of snow for 1920 season. XIII. Yellowstone National Park 10S A. Camping in Mammoth Hot Springs Automobile Camp. B. Motor equipment of Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. ready for opening of 1920 season. XIV. Glacier National Park 109 A. Hikers on the Josephine Lake trail. B. Saddle horse party in Pigean Pass. XV. Map showing proposed enlargement of the Sequoia National Park, to be known as the Roosevelt National Park 114 XVI. Mount Rainier National Park 130 A. Public Camp Ground, Paradise Valley. B. Paradise Inn, Paradise Valley. XVII. Montezuma Castle National Monument 130 Montezuma Castle. Hot Springs Reservation, Ark. Looking up Bathhouse Row at the WIII enable us in the course of a inally the Sieur de Monts National Monument, it was given few years to make the reservation, and particularly the cave-its tional park status February 26, 1919, the act creating it having central feature-more accessible and hence more useful to the public, signal honor of passing both the House and Senate unanimously. while also bringing present improvements to a state of repair con- INCREASED TOURIST TRAVEL. sistent with safety to travel and economy of management. The marked feature of this year has been the steadily increas THE BLACK AND YELLOW TRAIL. flow of tourist travel to the park. Many of the tourists come II 5 A new transcontinental highway, designated the Black and Yel- motor camping outfits, the method of travel more often found low Trail, is being developed by a very active group of far-seeing the West than in the East, from other and often distant States. ] Middle West citizens. This trail leads across South Dakota into the such parties the park offers unlimited opportunity, while the TO scenic Black Hills region, thence through Wyoming across the Big leading to it along the Atlantic coast and from the New Hampsl Horn Range, with its destination Yellowstone National Park. Aside mountains are being steadily improved by the State and towns. I from the scenic mountain region that this trail will traverse, its his- whole of New England is interested in furthering such travel, an toric associations will attract a multitude of motorists. The Wind plan is now under consideration for marking important throu Cave Park will be one of the main features of the trail, although routes leading to the park from other centers with a special, eas located a short distance south of the designated highway. recognizable national-park sign that can be placed as needed The State of South Dakota at the present time is taking a great association with other signs along other highways leading elsewh deal of interest in its parks and is spending large sums of money in but forming through routes to the park for a portion of the way. improving its Custer State Park, not far from Rapid City, Here It has been estimated that 66,500 persons have visited the pa a big game preserve has been established and other improvements the past season, only a fraction of whom signed the park regist are being made under State appropriations vastly larger than any placed at the Bar Harbor entrance to the park. This register, ho heretofore made by Congress for Wind Cave Park. ever, shows tourists coming from 29 States.> The hotels and co The point I want to emphasize, however, is that this national park resorts surrounding the park have had a full and crowded seaso is destined to figure importantly in transcontinental travel, probably SO much SO that additional hotel space to take care of the increas within a very short time, and unless it has more funds for improve- travel is needed. Plans for a large new modern hotel at Bar Harb ment than it lias had in the past it will reflect discredit rather than upon a magnificent site on Frenchman Bav have been prepared, al credit upon the Federal Government when compared with the State this hotel will be constructed in the near future. park and highway improvements to be observed in its immediate IMPORTANT GIFTS. vicinity. GAME PRESERVE. The original 5,000 acres, comprising first the monument and lat The United States Biological Survey maintains the game preserve the national park, were a gift to the Nation. By the act creating tl in the northwestern part of the park, containing 4,160 acres under park you were authorized in your discretion to accept in behalf fence. The preserve now contains 187 head of big game, which is the United States other property on said Mount Desert Island, il an increase over the preceding year. These include 60 buffalo, 105 cluding lands, easements, buildings, and moneys as may be donate elk, 20 antelope, including 6 young, and 2 deer. The game have for the extension or improvement of the park. During the past ver prospered this season due to an abundance of feed and water in the the park has steadily grown by important gifts, which are an indica pasture. The past year, however, was unusual in respect to water, tion of the warm interest which the park inspires. These gifts diff as in previous years it has been neccessary to conserve the water widely. One such will give the park nearly a mile of addition supply. In further improvement of the park the development of an wild and beautiful ocean front; another comprises the greater por adequate water supply is most important, and to insure this an Execu- tion of the shores of a State-owned lakelet, and includes St. George tive order was issued July 14, 1920, temporarily withdrawing Hill, the view from which has long been famous locally; the thir public lands bordering the northeast corner of the park, which con- gives the park a brook ravine, that of Duck Brook, which for tw tain several springs and other sources of water supply. generations has been a favorite walk from Bar Harbor, and will nov make a delightful and appropriate entrance to the national-par! LAFAYETTE NATIONAL PARK. area. Further gifts assure important features of the immediate en trance from Bar Harbor, bringing the park lands down to meet the The first national park to be established within the original United highway and to border on the beautiful, far-stretching golf links States, Lafayette National Park, lies on the New England coast on which Bar Harbor is now famous. These gifts are now in prepara Mount Desert Island, a region that was once a portion of the old tion for acceptance by the Government, waiting only for the clear French Province of Acadia, a region that was explored and named ance of the titles by Frenchmen and was occupied for a century by France. Orig- Another interesting gift, but of a far different character, to the park has been that of letters bearing the signature of Henry IV o 18 For Executive order, see p. 370. 12499-20-10 DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. 147 rance, who gave De Mont his commission for the founding of in the park, and the more difficult trails up the mountains became Acadia, which lead to the discovery and naming of Mount Desert popular objectives of the adventurous. The park lands are ideal for Island by Champlain in 1684; of Louis XIV, who gave the island two the full enjoyment of this sport. The broad valleys, usually acces- generations later to Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, the founder of sible from any portion of the island, offer unlimited opportunities Detroit, to whose granddaughter the Commonwealth of Massachu- to its devotees. Prior to last winter skiing was almost unknown on setts freely reconveyed its eastern portion in 1788. A large number Mount Desert Island: since then, however, this form of winter sport of the deeds to the present national-park land proceeded directiy has also come to the fore. Excellent opportunities for the construc- from her, and bear the signature Marie de Cadillac. tion of skiways and toboggan slides are offered by the park land at a minimum expenditure. With the development of these winter sports A WILD-LIFE SANCTUARY. Mount Desert Island and Lafayette Park will indeed be as popular The wild life of the park has been increasing and seems to realize resorts for winter tourists as they are now for summer. already the protection afforded by the national park due to the excel- HOT SPRINGS RESERVATION. lent efforts of the ranger force. A herd of over 40 deer wintered in the park and during the heavy snows hay was sledded in to them. The most notable event of the year in Hot Springs Reservation Five beaver have been presented to the park by the Fish and Game affairs was the beginning of construction of the new Government Commission of Maine; 4 having successfully established themselves, free bathhouse, which I have discussed in my last two annual reports. and 2 young beavers, apparently their offspring, have been reported The ground for the new structure was broken on January 31, 1920, by one of the rangers. The ruffed grouse has increased largely by the Assistant Secretary of the Interior, appropriate ceremonies within the past year; wild ducks wintered in large numbers and wild accompanying this initiation of construction work. geese also sheltered in the waters of the park during their migration in the fall. The State fish and game commission, at the State's ex- COL. JOHN R. FORDYCE, PATRIOT. pense, is employing a warden strictly to enforce its laws upon Mount Desert Island and to cooperate with the park in the establishment of The supervision of the erection of the building is the personal a true wild-life sanctuary within its bounds. work of Col. John R. Fordyce, son of the late Samuel W. Fordyce, one of the pioneers of Hot Springs and a man who had more to do FUNDS NECESSARY TO PROPERLY DEVELOP. with the advancement of the reservation as the great national spa than any other individual. Actuated by a desire to carry on his dis- Funds available during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, per- tinguished father's work, and to do honor to his memory by a spe- mitted only of administration, protection, and maintenance, and lit- cial service to the park, Col. Fordyce, at the National Parks Con- tle could be done under this in new construction. Work along such ference held in Denver last November, tendered his services for lines was still rendered possible in special instances, however, by the Government improvement work at Hot Springs. I accepted his interest of the citizens, and good progress has been made in path con- offer and arranged with the department for his appointment as con- struction and since July in the commencement of the new year's work. sulting engineer of the National Park Service at a salary of $12 The lands now belonging to Lafayette National Park, or now in per annum, later assigning to him full charge of the biggest con- process of acceptance by the Government, stretch for a distance struction project we had in hand, the building of the free bathhouse, of over 15 miles from east to west. There are a dozen distinct moun- which had been authorized by acts of Congress mentioned in previous tain peaks divided by gorges, lakes, and streams: there are meadow reports. lands and extensive woodlands, and there are portions with wide ocean frontage. Over this territory there are scores of miles of old MORE APPROPRIATIONS NEEDED FOR FREE BATHHOUSE. trails to be maintained; there are new paths urgently required to be built: there are roads and bridle paths to be built: there are ranger While the erection of the new bathhouse is progressing very satis- huts to be provided more adequate fire protection to the forest areas factorily, it is already evident that the appropriations available are is needed; and surveys are needed to clearly delimit the park area wholly inadequate to complete the plant. Col. Fordyce estimates where it meets private lands. To accomplish these things larger ap- that the additional funds required will total $110,565, and this amount propriations commensurate with the growing importance of the park will be requested in a deficiency estimate to be submitted upon the are necessary. convening of Congress. In view of the decision to erect the bath- WINTER SPORTS. house by day labor under Col. Fordyce's supervision, and thereby save An unusually keen interest has been developed in winter sports. contractor's profits, it was necessary to obtain a reappropriation of During the Christmas holidays opportunity for ice boating and skat- the funds provided for this project, and this authority to use them ing afforded by Eagle Lake was improved to the fullest extent. in the current fiscal year was included by Congress in the last sundry civil act. 19 Shortly after the first of the year the snow fell heavily and ice sports gave way to snowshoeing, skiing, and tobogganing. Snow- 19 See text of authority in Appendix D, p. 366. shoe parties could be seen daily enjoying the wooded roads and trails U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1926 AND THE TRAVEL SEASON, 1926 S TMENT OF THE x WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1926 CONTENTS Page Tenth anniversary of creation of National Park Service 1 Newly authorized national parks, and changes in boundaries of existing parks 2 National parks in the Southern Appalachians The proposed Mammoth Cave National Park 2 2 Sequoin National Park enlarged 3 Mount Rainier boundary adjustment 3 Elimination of private land from Rocky Mountain National Park 3 Total eliminations of private lands in national park system 4 Further boundary adjustments pending 4 The Teton addition to Yellowstone. Grand Canyon boundary adjustment 5 Several new parks still needed to complete system 5 5 Bryce Canyon still a national monument 6 Isle Royale project progressing Grand Canyon exchange of lands 6 6 National monument legislation 6 Educational development ADDITIONAL COPIES 6 Nature guiding OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM 8 THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS Yosemite Field School of Natural History 8 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE Lectures on park subjects 9 WASHINGTON, D. C. Museums in the parks +T 9 20 CENTS PER COPY Use of parks' educational facilities by colleges and universities 10 National park pageants 10 Visual education 10 Archeological and paleontological explorations and investigations 11 Swedish royalty visited several national parks 12 Winter use of the parks 12 Park wild life and its protection 13 More range for northern Yellowstone country approved 14 Hoof-and-mouth disease controlled 14 Predatory animal control 14 Fish-planting operations 14 Park road development and future plans 15 Preservation of park scenery 15 Combating insect infestations in park forests 16 Progress in roadside clean-up 17 Forest fire prevention and control 17 Sanitation and medical facilities 18 Distribution of park literature 19 Sale of pay publications 20 Appropriations and revenues 20 Eighth national park conference 21 Conference of chief rangers 21 State park development 22 National Capital Park and Planning Commission activities 22 Interbureau cooperation 22 Gifts to the national park and monument system 23 Exhibit at National Sesquicentennial Exposition 23 The year in the parks 23 Yellowstone National Park, Wyo 23 Another record season 24 Building for the camper 24 Improvements in public utilities 24 Roads and trails in good condition 25 III Famous people among the season's visitors 40 26 National Park, Me Nature study rage Private aid in landscape betterment Building new roads and bettering old ones 27 Road development 46 Nature trails and guides 28 Local cooperation 47 Legislation affecting boundary adjustments 28 Donation of land 47 Game preserve legislation 29 Hot Springs National Park, Ark 47 Yosemite National Park, Calif 30 30 Pay bathhouses Government free bathhouse and clinic 47 47 New all-year road Dedication of interdenominational church and of fish hatchery 30 Miscellaneous 47 General road work 30 Zion Sanitation National Park, and public Utah health measures 48 New Yosemite hotel under construction 31 48 General improvements 31 Improvements 48 New museum opened 31 New trails 48 Proposed change in park boundaries studied 32 Roads 48 illness of superintendent 32 32 Mount Roads McKinley National National Park, Alaska 49 49 Grand Cunyon National Park, Ariz New sewage purification plant 33 Hunting in the park 49 New incinerator 33 Needed development 50 Delicatessen and housekeeping cottages on new auto camp ground 33 Lassen Volcanic National Park, Calif 50 Trails 33 Topographic map completed 50 Water development on North Rim 34 Park developments 50 Beetle infestation on North Rim 34 Park visitors 51 Revision of park boundaries necessary 34 Necessary approach roads 35 Platt National Park, Okla Wind Cave National Park, S. Dak 51 51 Inauguration of nature guide service 35 Sullys IIill National Park, N. Dak 51 Rocky Mountain National Park, Colo 35 National monuments 52 Roud and trail construction 35 Legislation 52 Shelters for visitors 36 Bills enacted into law 52 Camp grounds 36 Elimination of private holdings 36 Conclusion Bills introduced but not enacted before the close of the last session 54 54 Mount Rainier National Park, Wash 36 Appendix The A.-The national parks and monuments: 56 37 57 General plan of development Trail system 37 partment national parks Interior administered by the National Park Service, De- of the Needs of the park 37 38 The The military national and other parks administered by the War 60 Glacier National Park, Mont Visitors 38 Department monuments of the Interior administered by the National Department Park Service, 63 Accommodations 38 Road development 39 The ture national monuments administered by the Department of Agricul- 64 Fish planting 39 Game Appendix Organization The national B.-Statistics: monuments of the National administered Park Service by the War Department 66 40 67 Crater Lake National Park, Oreg 40 Heavy park travel cared for 40 Educational service organized Private Visitors to the national monuments, 1921-1926 Visitors to the national parks, 1911-1926 68 41 70 Insect control continued 41 General developments 41 1919-1926 automobiles entering the national parks during seasons 71 Field investigation of enlargement project 41 Sequoia National Park, Calif 42 Automobile 1922-1926 and motor cycle licenses issued during the seasons 71 42 Principal events Layout for development Receipts 1922-1926 collected from automobile and motor cycles during seasons 72 42 42 Road progress 72 Public operators 43 Statement the various of appropriations made for and revenues 43 tures made therefrom national parks and national monuments received from Service to the public General Grant National Park, Calif 43 Summary also appropriations for during the fiscal the year fiscal 1927 years 1917-1926, and inclusive; expendi- Mesa Verde National Park, Colo 43 of appropriations Water situation gether improvement with the of the national parks the administration, and national protection, and for 72 44 Roads and trails 44 General development 44 inclusive revenues received for the fiscal years monuments, 1917-1927, to- 45 New buildings Museum development and educational work 45 Appendix engineering C.-Reports and of officers in charge of the national parks and 77 Hawaii National Park, Hawaii 45 Hot Springs National Park educational divisions : 46 Yellowstone National Park Travel 46 Yosemite National Park 78 Improvements Additional accommodations to be provided by operator 46 Sequoia National Park 82 Military and naval recreation camps 46 General Grant National Park 96 46 Mount Rainier National Park 103 Road work Crater Lake National Park 108 109 114 engineering anu 117 Platt National Park 118 Wind Cave National Park 119 Sullys Hill National Park 120 Mesa Verde National Park 126 Glacier National Park 131 Rocky Mountain National Park 138 Hawaii National Park 141 Lassen Volcanic National Park 143 Mount McKinley National Park 144 Grand Canyon National Park 149 Lafayette National Park 150 Zion National Park 153 Southwestern National Monuments 154 Report of the civil engineering division 155 Report of the landscape engineering division 157 Report of the educational division ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, Washington, D.C., October 4, 1926. The SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. SIR: August 25 this year marks the tenth anniversary of the crea- tion, by special act of Congress, of the National Park Service as a separate bureau of the Interior Department. The organization of the bureau was effected in April, 1917, when funds for this purpose were made available. Prior to this time the administration of the national parks and national monuments under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior was delegated by the Secretary to one of the divisions of his office in connection with other work falling under that bureau's miscellaneous activities. At the time of the organization of the service there were 17 national parks (one of which has since been made a national monument) and 19 national monuments SO admin- istered. At the present time there are 19 national parks and 32 national monuments administered by the National Park Service. Although not quite 10 years have elapsed since the actual organ- ization of the service, 1926 is the tenth travel year for which records have been kept by the service. Travel to the national parks and monuments during the travel year ended September 30, 1917, was 488,268, and this was considered large. During the travel year just ended 1,930,865 people visited the national parks and 384,040 the national monuments, or a total of 2,314,905. With the exception of 1918, which, occurring during the war period, showed a slight decrease from the preceding year's travel, there has been a consist- ently increasing annual travel to the national parks and national monuments. These figures are indisputable evidence of the constantly increasing popularity of the national parks and monuments, and of the uses made of them. Adjustments of the boundaries of several of the national parks have made increased areas available for the recreation and education of their visitors. Several proposed adjustments of other parks are pending before Congress. Furthermore, four new parks, three of them in the East, have been authorized by Congress and will be established as soon as certain conditions precedent contained in the organic acts creating them have been complied with. With the definite establishment of these parks and the consummation of the boundary adjustments the national park system will be prepared in a larger measure to render service to the traveling public. 14166-26-2 1 UL soven years use service nas been slowly developing The status of the proposed Utah National Park remains the same educational facilities within the parks SO far as small funds officially as reported in my ninth annual report. So far the Government has available and those provided from private sources permitted. Just been unable to secure the private holdings in this area, and under before the assembling of the Eighth National Park Conference last the terms of the act of Congress creating this park it can not be October an organization plan for an educational division for the established until title to these lands has been vested in the United National Park Service was worked out with your approval, and the States. Until the park is established the area will continue to be conference was devoted mainly to discussion of this proposed expansion. known as the Bryce Canyon National Monument. Permanent headquarters for this educational division were estab- ISLE ROYALE PROJECT PROGRESSING lished at Berkeley, Calif., and equipped during the year. A ranger who had proven his capacity in this field was assigned in charge of Efforts have been continued during the year to acquire privately the educational development throughout the system under the title owned land on Isle Royale, in Lake Superior, and donate it to of chief park naturalist, and in many of the parks rangers have been the United States for use as a national park or monument. I per- assigned to nature work. In several parks and monuments, aside sonally inspected this area several years ago and believe it eminently from Yosemite, Mesa Verde, and Casa Grande, where permanent fitted, because of its natural beauty and abundant wild life, for park museum buildings have been erected, museums have been started in purposes. It is my sincere hope that the land may be acquired in vacant buildings or under canvas, in which are displayed exhibits the near future and dedicated to the recreational needs of the helpful to visitors in understanding the greater museums which are American people. the parks themselves. A. number of organizations cooperating with the Government have GRAND CANYON EXCHANGE OF LANDS helped materially in equipping and using the parks, particularly Yosemite, for educational purposes. Among the earliest in this field An exchange of lands was effected in Grand Canyon National were the Sierra Club, the California Fish and Game Commission, Park whereby certain private holdings were consolidated and ap- and the University of California. The most conspieuous service proximately 23 acres were added to the park lands. In the exchange during the year, however, was that rendered by the committee on the owner of the private holdings, William Randolph Hearst, con- museums in national parks, organized by the American Association veyed to the Government 48.9 acres of his private lands in return of Museums, which last year secured from the Laura Spelman for 25.8 acres of Government lands. One advantage of this exchange Rockefeller Memorial funds for the building and partial equipment from the Government standpoint is the fact that it brings all the of a fine museum in Yosemite National Park. The scope of this private lands in this holding lying west of the new Grand Canyon- committee has been recently enlarged and its title changed to the Desert View Road, now under construction, under Government con- committee on outdoor education. It is now making studies for ap- trol. It also makes a portion of the rim of the canyon freely acces- propriate educational museums in Grand Canyon National Park and sible to the public over Government land. the Palisades Interstate Park. Its program contemplates during future years museums and trail side museums in inany national parks NATIONAL MONUMENT LEGISLATION and monuments, for which it will seek funds from private sources, No new national monuments were created during the past year, and which it is hoping may be supplemented by Congress with addi- and the only change made in the areas of the existing monuments tional funds. The National Parks Association has also taken a great was the elimination of 7.5 acres from the Casa Grande National interest in the educational development of the parks and has been Monument. This piece of land was needed in connection with the considering the system largely from the educational point of view. construction of a canal to provide water for the irrigation of lands But equipping and using parks themselves to help those who visit of the Pima Indians. Since the monument would not suffer by the them to understand nature's amazing revelations is by no means to elimination of the lands in question, the service concurred in the accomplish all the system's educational mission. To the many mil- recommendation of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs that they be lions who have not visited national parks and do not expect to visit withdrawn, and congressional legislation to effect this was secured. them, the system as planned may tell wonderful stories of creation. It is possible to make the national park system one of the most use- EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ful educational institutions in the world through dissemination of information regarding them, through private and public schools, In a recent article you state that a new mission has come into through university extension service, through popular lectures in existence for national parks, which is educational in character and every part of the country, through lantern slides and other forms which opens up a new field for the propagation of knowledge never of visual education, and through popular writings in magazines and books. before realized. Nature is the supreme school-teacher as well as the master textbook. From nature can be learned the scheme of creation Although the National Government naturally can not participate and the handiwork of the Great Architect as from no other source." in this general educational movement outside of its own territory, 3, be possible, it seems proper to mention SO important a possibility based of the new museum building ideal lecture room, library, and other upon a system of Government reservations. There are those who in facilities are available for the use of the school. giving this plan effective practical development see the national park system as a concrete national institution, as if every park unit LECTURES ON PARK SUBJECTS were a building, say, devoted to the principal exposition of some par- ticular branch of the natural sciences, all inclosed within campus Lectures on national park subjects are given nightly around the walls. This idea has been expressed by the phrase-national super- camp fires and in the nuuseums, hotels; and camps by the nature university of nature-in which the national park system may be guides and park naturalists, as well as by visiting scientists. As the conceived. In this conception the parks themselves are both exhibits majority of these engaged in this work are or have been members and teachers, an idea which you have advanced. of the faculties of colleges and other institutions of learning, the in- formation disseminated is accurate. The lectures are delivered in NATURE GUIDING popular form, which makes them intelligent to the layman as well as to the student of science. Of the various educational facilities offered, the nature guide service is undoubtedly the most popular with visitors. The field MUSEUMS IN THE PARKS trips conducted by the nature guides, who explain clearly and simply various objects of natural history observed along the trail from a Particularly keen interest is manifested in museum expansion in botanical, zoological, archeological, and geological standpoint, are the national parks, and exhibits are gradually being collected even both educational and inspirational, and hundreds of thousands of for those parks which as yet have no adequate museum buildings. people visiting the parks took advantage of these trips. This service The cooperation of the American Association of Museums in this was inaugurated in Yosemite National Park 7 years ago through the cause has been invaluable, both by constructive criticism and fur- cooperation of the California Fish and Game Commission, which nishing inspiration to the service's forces. furnished funds for the workers' salaries, the Government furnishing The new Yosemite Museum, which was made possible through the office and museum room and the incidental active cooperation of the efforts of the American Association of Museums, as described temporary rangers. It is now available in Yosemite, Yellowstone, above, was opened early in the spring. An exhibition of early Glacier, Mount Rainier, Sequoia, Grand Canyon, Zion, and Crater historical relics occupies the first floor of the building. The museum Lake National Parks in a greater or lesser degree, and in the Casa is headquarters for the nature guide service as well as for the field Grande and Petrified Forest National Monuments. school of natural history. The park naturalist staff spent much time In the Mesa Verde National Park, in lieu of the nature guide during the past winter in moving exhibits from the old temporary service, personally conducted trips to the fascinating ruined dwell- building and preparing a number of new exhibits. Through the ings of a prehistoric people are available, and in several of the Association of Museums the services of a taxidermist were secured, national monuments where historic or prehistoric ruins are of and a number of animal exhibits prepared for installation in the national interest, personally conducted trips are also carried on. new building. Each month since the completion of the new build- There has been no more popular and enthusiastic service of this ing the park naturalist has reported the addition of a number kind than in the Casa Grande National Monument, where Superin- of new exhibits. It is estimated that through this museum over tendent and Mrs. Pinkley have given every ounce of energy and 50,000 Yosemite visitors each year have become acquainted with loyalty to this work. the wild animal, bird, and plant life to be found in this region of the high Sierra, as well as with its historical background. YOSEMITE FIELD SCHOOL OF NATURAL HISTORY The museum at Yellowstone National Park was reorganized and plans for expansion developed. Many interesting additions to the A direct outgrowth of the nature guide work was the establishment exhibits were prepared and collected, and it is hoped that a new last year of the Yosemite Field School of Natural History. So popu- museum building to house the valuable and important installations lar was this school that it was again conducted this year with four or already procured may be constructed during the next few years. five times as many students seeking enrollment as last year. It was The first section of the new museum building in the Mesa Verde considered advisable again to limit the number permitted to enroll to National Park, constructed through the generosity of a friend of 20. As the school is a contribution to nature education through a the park, will be extended by the construction of a second wing, cooperative arrangement between the National Park Service and the made possible by the generosity of another interested friend, who California Fish and Game Commission, no tuition was charged. also placed funds available for the purchase of special exhibit cases The work of the field school, which is of university grade, supple- for use in the section already completed. ments the lower division of the university courses in botany and Considerable progress was made in the collection of museum ma- zoology, bringing first-hand acquaintance with the various living terial in the Mount Rainier, Zion, Sequoia, Rocky Mountain, forms of the region. Each student attending the field school had Glacier and Lafayette National Parks, although all the exhibits are practice in teaching, conducting parties out into the field, giving still housed in temporary structures and in some cases tents. 5. Recognizing the exceptional advantages offered in the national parks for the study of the natural sciences, a number of educational institutions have conducted their summer field schools in these reser- vations. During the past summer a party of 25 students of the Princeton Summer School of Geology and Natural Resources, under the leadership of its director, visited Yellowstone, Mount Rainier, Crater Lake, Glacier, Grand Canyon, and Yosemite National Parks, and the Petrified Forest National Monument. The students were required to read selected literature, study maps and folios, and take notes. The observations, reading, and study were supplemented by lectures before going into the field, and by conferences afterwards. Northwestern University held a field course in geology in Glacier National Park, and the division of entomology of the University of California held its field course in entomology in Yosemite National Park. The visit of a party of students in geology at Colby College to Lafayette National Park is a yearly event. NATIONAL PARK PAGEANTS Another interesting phase of educational work in the national parks and monuments is the staging of historical and allegorical pageants. The first of these to be presented this year was Ersa of the Red Trees," presented in the Mariposa Grove of Yosemite National Park. This play is an appeal for the preservation of the noble Sequoia trees, and has been given previously in the Giant Forest of Sequoia National Park. Another great open-air pageant was presented in the Yosemite in connection with the diamond jubilee CROWN PRINCE OF SWEDEN AND HIS DAY'S CATCH anniversary of the park's discovery and depicted the history of the YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK valley during the past 75 years. In the Yellowstone a historical and allegorical pageant was produced, and pageants were also given at the Casa Grande and Pinnacles National Monuments. This work is in charge of the pageant master who was appointed last year. In addition to the above, an interesting and impressive play called "Fire," based on Indian history and mythology, was given at Mesa Verde National Park. The services of local Indians were utilized in producing this play, which was written and staged by the wife of the park superintendent. It has been predicted that this play will in time become the Oberammergau of America. VISUAL EDUCATION Undoubtedly the most important visual educational work carried on by the National Park Service is that provided through the museums and nature guide service in the national parks. This, however, is available only to actual park visitors, and there is a growing demand on the part of schools, clubs, and organizations all over the country for illustrated lectures, or the use of lantern slides and motion-picture film, in order that people who have not had an opportunity to visit the parks may become acquainted with their beauties through these mediums. While its limited personnel permits the giving of only a coin- paratively few lectures by service officials, it has been possible to stimulate the giving of park talks by lecturers on the outside. In a number of instances it was possible for the service to arrange for CROWN PRINCE AND PARTY ON NEW YAKI POINT SECTION OF KAIBAB TRAIL GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK 7. An adequate supply of fish in the future has been assured Yosemite During the year Congress passed an act approving certain addi- National Park by the contract entered into during the summer with the California Fish and Game Commission for the leasing of land tions to the Absaroka and Gallatin National Forests, and the Yellow- stone National Park, in order to improve and extend the winter feed in the park on which the State will erect a fish hatchery. Plans are facilities of the elk, antelope, and other game animals of Yellowstone now being drawn for this hatchery. National Park and adjacent land. While no land was actually trans- ROAD DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE PLANS ferred to these reservations through this act, it granted the Secretary of the Interior authority to accept donations of land for this purpose, Under authority of the act of Congress approved April 9, 1924, or to purchase land with funds that may be donated for such purpose. authorizing appropriations of $7,500,000 over a three-year period Heavy hunting in the vicinity of the northern boundary of the park for construction of roads and trails in the national parks and monu- causes park and forest officials much worry, and it is hoped that lands ments, there has been appropriated to date $4,500,000. In addi- may soon be secured to provide more game sanctuary. A total of tion, under the 1927 Interior Department appropriation act you 394 Yellowstone elk and 64 deer was killed by hunters during the were authorized to enter into contracts obligating not to exceed open season last year after these animals had crossed the park $1,500,000 for road construction to be paid for from future appro- boundary, in spite of the fact that during the hunting season special priations. There is still to be appropriated under the original wild animal patrols were made by rangers along the park boundaries. authorization the $1,500,000 against which obligations have been incurred during the 1927 fiscal year and $1,500,000 additional in HOOF-AND-MOUTH DISEASE CONTROLLED cash. During the early part of the year control activities of the hoof- Excellent progress has been made on the road program during and-mouth disease among the Yosemite deer were continued in co- the past construction season under the cooperative agreement en- operation with the Bureau of Animal Industry. No new infection tered into last year with the Bureau of Public Roads of the De- was found during the year, however, and after conference with ex- partment of Agriculture whereby that bureau is supervising the perts of that bureau all control activities within the park were dis- construction of major road projects in the national parks. continued on December 1. As the highest road standards covering grade and alignment have been adopted for national park roads, the authorized appropria- PREDATORY-ANIMAL CONTROL tions, estimates for which were based on the use of lesser standards, will not be sufficient to complete the first program. Necessary data In the majority of the national parks predatory control work was based on reconnaissance and location surveys have been secured by carried on either by representatives of the Bureau of Biological Sur- the Bureau of Public Roads during the summer for formulating vey or by park rangers. It is contrary to the policy of the service with close accuracy a second program of road construction. It is to exterminate any species native to a park area, but it is necessary proposed to present this proposed program to you for your approval to keep several of the predatory animals, such as wolves, mountain and transmission to Congress through the Bureau of the Budget lions, and coyotes, under control, in order that the deer, antelope, with the request for new legislation authorizing a continuance of and other weaker animals may not suffer unduly from their depreda- the appropriations for the construction of adequate road and trail tions. systems in the national parks and monuments. FISH-PLANTING OPERATIONS PRESERVATION OF PARK SCENERY In order that visitors might find good fishing available within the national parks, fish planting operations were continued, in coopera- The preservation of the natural features of the park, while at tion with both the Bureau of Fisheries and State hatcheries. In the the same time developing these areas SO that visitors may have the Grand Canyon 25,600 eyed eggs of Loch Leven trout furnished by necessary accommodations and facilities to see and enjoy them, is the Federal hatcheries were planted. A total of 3,266,600 trout fry one of the big problems with which this service has to cope. The hatched at the Federal hatchery in Glacier Park were planted in the burden of insuring the preservation of park scenery falls upon the streams and lakes of the park, in addition to important plantings of landscape engineering division, which supervises the location of fingerlings. roads, bridges, telegraph and telephone lines, and buildings, both The largest planting of fish was in Yellowstone National Park. governmental and those of the public operators. It also passes on Here over 5,000,000 black-spotted trout eyed eggs and fingerlings designs for all buildings to prevent the marring of the landscape from the park hatchery were planted in park waters, and over 8,000,- by the erection of inharmonious structures. 000 eggs were shipped to points outside. Several carloads of trout The most extensive work of this nature was in connection with were received in Crater Lake National Park through the cooperation the road construction being carried on in cooperation with the of the State game commission, 100,000 rainbow trout were planted in Bureau of Public Roads under the road budget. In addition to Lassen Volcanic National Park, and 380,000 rainbow trout from the seeing that the roads are located with the least injury to the chief State hatchery were planted in Rocky Mountain National Park. scenic features of the park, it is important that attention be given 9. IN handled, it is sold at the rate of approximately 15 copies a day. It is interesting to note that the revenues derived from the oper- Two scientific manuscripts entitled The Plants of Glacier ation of the Crater Lake National Park were more than the appro- National Park and the "Mammals and Birds of Mount Rainier priation and that the revenues derived from the operation of Yel- National Park," were edited and submitted to the printer before lowstone and Yosemite National Parks closely approached the ap- the close of the fiscal year, but are not yet available for distribution. propriations for those parks. Eliminating the appropriation of Both of these will be sales publications, to be sold through the Super- $1,500,000 for road construction the national park system was 50 intendent of Documents. per cent self-supporting during the fiscal year 1926. As knowledge of the national parks spreads, and the number of The following table illustrates the increase in the number of visi- visitors increases, the demand for free publications grows. Already tors and revenues and the increase in annual appropriations granted the demand far exceeds the supply that can be printed with the funds by Congress since the creation of the National Park Service: available, and thousands of requests for pamphlets are denied each year after the supply becomes exhausted. Visitors, Year parks, and Auto- Revenues 1 Appropria- monu- mobiles tions SALE OF PAY PUBLICATIONS ments The superintendents of the various parks report increased sales of 1917 488,268 54,692 $180,652.30 $537,366.67 special sale pamphlets. These are sold through the Office of the 1918 451,661 53,966 217,330.55 530,680.00 Superintendent of Documents and placed on sale in the national 1919 811,516 97,721 196,678.03 963,105.00 1920 1,058,455 128,07- 316,877.90 907,070.76 parks on a consignment basis, receipts of all sales being turned over 1921 1,171,797 175,825 306,928.27 1,058,969.16 1922 1,216,490 197,105 432,961.89 1,433,220.00 to the Superintendent of Documents. Supplies of topographic maps 1923 1,493,712 271,482 513,706.36 1,446,520.00 1924 prepared and sold by the Geological Survey were also sent to the 1,670,908 315,916 663,886.32 1,822,730.00 1925 2,008,084 368,212 670,920.98 3,021,828.00 parks and placed on sale. Funds received from the sale of these 1926 818,530.72 3,283,409.00 1927 3,243,409.00 maps were made payable direct to the Geological Survey by the park superintendents. 1 After July 1, 1918, all revenues except those of llot Springs were covered into the miscellaneous receipts of the Treasury. Before that time they were available for park development. After July 1, 1922, revenues from Hot Springs are covered into the Treasury and are no longer available for development of the park. APPROPRIATIONS AND REVENUES EIGHTH NATIONAL PARK CONFERENCE Congress again continued in the regular park appropriations for 1926 an item of $40,000 to take care of emergency reconstruction and The Eighth National Park Conference, held in Mesa Verde Na- for fighting forest fires. During the year there was expended on tional Park from October 1 to 6, 1925, was a general working con- repair of flood damage $10,548.24. Due to a disastrous forest fire ference. It was attended by the various park superintendents, the in Glacier National Park and smaller fires in a number of the other general field officers, park naturalists, and several other field officers, parks a total expenditure of $71,821.36 was required for fighting in addition to representatives of the Washington office. Representa- forest fires. By this first deficiency act of March 3, 1926, an addi- tives of several cooperating bureaus were also present. The two tional $40,000 was appropriated to meet these emergency expendi- most important subjects under discussion at the conference were the tures. As this was not quite sufficient to meet the entire emergency expansion of educational work throughout the park system and the expenditures, $2,369.60 was charged to the regular park appropria- development of good roads under the road budget in cooperation tions. with the Bureau of Public Roads. The total appropriations to the National Park Service for the fiscal So helpful have these conferences been found in the administration year 1926 amounted to $3,258,409. but by exercising the strictest of the national park and monument system that another one has been economy in operations the total expenditures for the year were held called for November 2, 1926, to be held in Washington. This will to $3,219,406 or a saving of $39,003, which entitled the Park Service give field officers an opportunity to familiarize themselves with to membership in the Director of Budget's 1 per cent club. departmental procedure and the reasons therefor. Revenues derived from the operation of national parks during the fiscal year 1926 amounted to $818,530.72, an increase of 22 per cent CONFERENCE OF CHIEF RANGERS over the previous 1925 high mark of revenue receipts, which amounted to $670,920.98. It is believed this sharp increase in rev- The first conference of chief rangers of the national parks was held enues is directly traceable to the better roads now being constructed in Sequoia National Park from January 15 to 19 and was attended in national parks under substantial annual appropriations. Despite by 20 chief rangers and other members of the service. One of the the fact that automobile entrance fees in all parks were sharply re- interesting features of the conference was the demonstration of the duced at the beginning of the current travel season, it is not believed use of portable motor-driven fire-fighting pumps. Each of the chief that there will be a marked decrease in revenues derived from park rangers present gained much worth-while information from the dis- operations because of the increasing motor travel attracted by good cussion of the problems of the others and their solution. roads. 11. Great gain too has been made in public recognition, constructive de- Park travel showed a decided decrease for two reasons: The visit velopment having progressed to the point where the park's claim as of the American and Japanese fleets in 1925 made a new high travel a scenic coastal area to rank with the supreme exhibits of the record which probably will not be equaled for many years to come, national park system in the West is clearly established. and the absence of the lake of fire, coupled with exaggerated reports visitors away. of the shortage of water during the summer months, kept many local NATURE STUDY The park has long been recognized by scientists as an exceptionally IMPROVEMENTS rich and fruitful area for nature study. Systematic work along this In the Kilauea area of the park, which is the most popular with line, begun a few years since, has advanced remarkably during the visitors, a number of improvements were made during the year. past year. Two distinguished groups of scientists are now estab- These included the construction of a residence for the park super- lished on Mount Desert Island for the purpose of studying during intendent's office. intendent and a ranger cottage, as well as improvements to the super- the summer the life inhabiting it and its bordering waters. ROAD DEVELOPMENT Several new trails in this section were built, in addition to improving old trails. The outstanding feature of the year's work, however, has been Facilities at the public camp grounds were improved by the con- the great progress made in road construction. The Jordan Pond struction of a rainshed and additional water tank and cooking motor road, traversing the heart of the parkland, has been open grates. during the summer, though lacking still its final surfacing, and has ADDITIONAL ACCOMMODATIONS TO BE PROVIDED BY OPERATOR been received with acclaim by visitors as the finest scenic drive of its kind in the East. The first section of the Cadillac Mountain Road During his inspection of the park last spring Assistant Director has been opened, though also unsurfaced. Increasing use of the Cammerer was convinced of the need of a simpler type of accommo- park roads and trails by horses is noted. dations for visitors, in addition to the Kilauea Volcano House. Therefore when the lease of the hotel company was renewed for 20 LOCAL COOPERATION years, provision was included in the contract for the erection by the company of a cottage type of summer camp, similar in operation to A most satisfactory feature of the year has been the spirit of co- the military camp but open to the public. operation shown by the State and neighboring towns in uniting with the park administration to carry out the Government's policies. MILITARY AND NAVAL RECREATION CAMPS On the highway leading to the park from the mainland, 5 miles of the finest concrete road are being built by the State, to the great Kilauea Military Camp was enlarged during the year by the gain of its approach by land, while its approach by sea has been construction of several new buildings, and was several times crowded more used this year by pleasure craft than ever before and is famous to capacity. So successful has this military camp been that a naval for its beauty. recreation camp was established this past season. The hearty CO- DONATION OF LAND operation of the commanders of these camps in assisting the park superintendent in every way possible has been greatly appreciated. A donation of 24 acres of land was made to the Department of the Interior for addition to Lafayette National Park. This land, ROAD WORK donated to the park by Superintendent Dorr, will be used for camp- site purposes. Surveys of all park road projects were completed by the Bureau of Public Roads engineers, and construction of the Chain-of-Craters HOT SPRINGS NATIONAL PARK, ARK. Road will be initiated as soon as certain details in connection with some rights of way are cleared up. The cooperative arrangement with the Treasury Department was The county of Hawaii has authorized surveys for a county road continued by having the United States Public Health Service detail which will connect the Chain-of-Craters Road with the Kalapana a medical officer to act as superintendent. coast, which is interesting because of its tropical vegetation. GOVERNMENT FREE BATHHOUSE AND CLINIC LAFAYETTE NATIONAL PARK, ME. A total of 3,570 persons bathed at- the Government free bath- house during the year. These persons received 79,692 baths. The year just closing has been the best in all respects that the The free clinic operated in connection with the free bathhouse park has had since its establishment. There have been more visitors, and under control of an officer of the Public Health Service exam- and in proportion to numbers they have used the facilities offered ined and treated 3,570 patients, 3,075 of which were venereal and for recreation and education to a greater extent than ever before. 495 nonvenereal cases. 15 may 24, entitied "An act to provide for the system was also provided through establishment of the Shenandoah National Park in the State of private funds. The water is piped from natural springs to two 6,000-gallon tanks, which provides an ample supply for present needs. Virginia and the Great Smoky Mountain National Park in the States of North Carolina and Tennessee, and for other purposes," The Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska continued to super- provided that when certain lands have been donated to the United vise the governmental activities in Sitka National Monument, and States there shall be established the Shenandoah National Park, Va., together with the Territory of Alaska continued to cooperate in fur- and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tenn.-N. C. nishing funds to supplement the National Park Service's allotment for repair work. Work was continued on the restoration of the old S. 4209,5 signed by the President May 25, entitled "An act to Indian totem poles, which form the principal exhibit of the monu. provide for the establishment of the Mainmoth Cave National Park in the State of Kentucky, and for other purposes," provided that ment. It is expected that when these repairs are completed the when certain lands in the Mainmoth Cave region of Kentucky shall poles will be preserved permanently, or at least that heavy repairs have been donated to the Government the Mammoth Cave National will be rendered unnecessary for many years. Through the efforts Park shall be established. of the Sitka Commercial Club, the Alaska Historical Association, II. R. 10733,° approved May 26, entitled "An act to make addi- and others the sum of $1,200 was raised by private subscription for tions to the Absaroka and Gallatin National Forests, and the Yellow- the restoration of Blockhouse No. 2, a historic relic of the days of stone National Park, and to improve and extend the winter feed Russian occupation and Indian conflict. The project was approved facilities of the elk, antelope, and other game animals of Yellow- by the National Park Service and the blockhouse restored during stone National Park and adjacent land, and for other purposes," the summer. authorized the extension of the reservations named through dona- LEGISLATION tions of land or by the purchase of lands with funds donated for The following is a summary of legislation affecting the national this purpose in order to provide the necessary range for the wild parks considered in Congress since the preparation of the ninth animals. annual report. II. R. 10126, approved May 28, entitled "An act to revise the BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW boundary of the Mount Rainier National Park in the State of Wash- ington, and for other purposes," provided for the transfer of small The urgent deficiency act of March 3, 1926,1 carried an appropria- areas of national-park land to Forest Service jurisdiction and small tion of $40,000 for emergency reconstruction and fighting forest fires areas of national-forest land to National Park Service jurisdiction. in national parks, fiscal year 1926. This act also contained an item These adjustments were for the purpose of substituting natural boun- for the Indian Service of $100,000 which is to defray one-half of dary lines formed by rivers issuing from the park at the southwest, the cost of construction of a bridge and approaches thereto across northwest, and northeast corners for the old artificial land lines. the Colorado River at a site about 6 miles below Lee Ferry, Ariz. S. 2703,8 signed by the President June 7, entitled "An act to This sum is to remain available until June 30, 1927, and is to be restore to the public domain certain lands within the Casa Grande reimbursed from funds hereafter placed in the Treasury to the Ruins National Monument, and for other purposes," eliminated from credit of the Navajo Indians. When completed this bridge and the Casa Grande National Monument a small area needed for right approaches will greatly facilitate motor travel between the North of way in the construction of a canal to provide irrigation facilities and the South Rims in the Grand Canyon National Park. for lands of the Pima Indians. The Interior Department appropriation act of May 10, 1926,2 II. R. 9390,9 approved June 9, entitled "An act to eliminate cer- carried appropriations of $3,698,920 for the National Park Service tain privately owned lands from the Rocky Mountain National Park in Washington and for the administration, protection, maintenance, and to transfer certain other lands from the Rocky Mountain Na- and improvement of the various national parks and monuments. In ad- tional Park to the Colorado National Forest, Colorado," provided dition to $2,000,000 appropriated for road work within the national for the elimination of certain privately owned lands from the park. parks and monuments, the Secretary was authorized to incur obliga- H. R. 12264, 10 signed by the President July 3, entitled "An act to tions and enter into contracts for additional road work not exceeding facilitate and simplify the work of the National Park Service, a total cost of $1,500,000. The act also contained a proviso authoriz- United States Department of the Interior, and for other purposes, ing the National Park Service to contract for medical attention and provided for the assisting of visitors within national parks and service for employees and to make necessary pay-roll deductions national monuments in emergencies by selling food supplies, and also agreed to by the employees therefor. for medical attention to employees in the service. S. 3595,3 signed by the President May 10, entitled "An act to H. R. 9387, 11 approved July 3, entitled "An act to revise the authorize the exchange of certain patented lands in the Grand boundary of the Sequoia National Park, California," provided for Canyon National Park for certain Government lands in said park," the addition of a large area east of the park, including the Kern authorized the consolidation of the private holding of William Randolph Hearst, located near Grand View on the south rim of the Public No. 268. 7 Public, No. 303. 10 Public, No. 513. Public No. 283. 8 Public, No. 342. 11 Public, No. 465. Grand Canyon. Public No. 295. Public, No. 363. 1 Public No. 36. Public No. 206. Public No. 210. 21. small areas. une are given hereafter: The deficiency act of July 3, 1926,12 contained no appropriations H. R. 184, "A bill authorizing the construction of approach roads for the National Park Service but made the appropriation of $20,000 to national parks and monuments." carried in the second deficiency act, fiscal year 1925, to enable the H. R. 337, "A bill to provide for the enlargement of the winter Secretary of the Interior to carry out the provisions of the act game (elk) refuge in the State of Wyoming." entitled "An act for securing of lands in the Southern Appalachian S. 1046, "A bill to consolidate certain patented lands in Glacier Mountains and in the Mammoth Cave regions of Kentucky for National Park." perpetual preservation as national parks," approved February S. 1405, "A bill making an appropriation for the construction of 21, 1925, available until June 30, 1927. It also provided that roads and bridges on the north approach to and within the Petrified not to exceed $3,000 of the appropriations of the National Park Forest National Monument." Service for the fiscal year 1927 should be available for the payment H. R. 6097, "A bill to accept the cession by the State of Arkansas of travel, subsistence, supplies, and other expenses of the committee, of exclusive jurisdiction over a tract of land within the Hot Springs including its secretary, created upon recommendation of the Presi- National Park, and for other purposes." dent's Committee on Outdoor Recreation to study and report H. R. 7672, "A bill to provide for the protection of the Dinosaur upon adjustment of boundaries between national parks and national National Monument, and for other purposes." This bill proposes forests. that $100,000 be made available to protect the monument and to ex- cavate and prepare for exhibition at the monument a fossil dinosaur. BILLS INTRODUCED BUT NOT ENACTED BEFORE THE CLOSE OF THE LAST SESSION H. R. 9388, "A. bill for establishing a forestry experimental station II. R. 9916, "A bill to revise the boundary of the Grand Canyon and national park at the Old Stockade,' near Millen, in Jenkins National Park in the State of Arizona, and for other purposes." County, Georgia, and for other purposes." The bill proposes the transfer of lands required for the adequate S. 3295, " A bill authorizing the construction of a road in Rainier development of the park-road system to be added to the park, and National Park." This bill authorized the appropriation of $500,000 the return of lands not needed for park purposes to national-forest for the construction of this road, inclusive of necessary bridges. status. S. 3386, A bill to provide for the construction of a road from H. R. 9917, "A bill to revise the boundary of Yellowstone National Maine, Arizona, to the south boundary of the Grand Canyon Na- Park in the States of Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho, and for other tional Park." purposes." The bill provides for the extension of the park to include H. R. 10278, A bill to provide for the acquisition of additional lands for the Lassen Volcanic National Park." the Teton Mountains, an area at the southeast corner of the park, and two smaller sections at the northwest and northeast corners of H. R. 11606, " A bill for establishing a hardwood forestry experi- the park, and for the elimination of three small areas. At public mental station and national park near Colfax, Louisiana, and for hearings on this bill opposition developed. A counterproposal was other purposes." made to eliminate 20 square miles in the southwestern portion of the H. R. 12261, " A bill authorizing appropriation of funds for con- park for irrigation purposes, which was vigorously opposed by con- struction of a highway from Red Lodge, Montana, to the boundary servationists. The bill was not reported out of committee during the of the Yellowstone National Park near Cooke City, Montana, as session. an entrance to the Yellowstone National Park." S. J. Res. 237, authorizing the Committee on Public Lands and CONCLUSION Surveys to hold hearings to investigate the advisability of changing the boundary of Yellowstone and other national parks. As submitted The first decade of its service to the public has closed, and a new this resolution authorized the expenditure of $15,000 by the com- era is opening up before the National Park Service. After review- mittee, but this amount was reduced to $3,500. ing the activities of the past 10 years, and especially of the period H. R. 12416, "A bill to establish a national forest reserve and na- covered by this report, I can say with deep conviction that I believe tional park in each of the several States to promote reforestation, and the service is fulfilling to the best of its ability the task outlined for other purposes." for it by Congress. The increased travel to the parks, and the Bills were also introduced for the creation of the following na- larger area now included in the national park and monument system tional parks: Killdeer, N. Dak.; Mount Katahdin, Me.; Roosevelt, have brought greatly increased responsibilities to the service, which N. Dak.; Grand Coulee, Wash. Blue Knob, Pa.; Mena, Ark.; Ponce have been capably met by its loyal field and office personnel. de Leon, Fla.; Olympic, Wash.; 5,000 acres of land in Jeff Davis While the report in general covers the fiscal year ended June 30, County, Tex., and for parks in the Blue Ridge and Cohutta Moun- for comparative purposes in connection with travel statistics it has tains, Ga. A bill was also introduced for the establishment of the been deemed advisable to consider the travel year as ending Septem- Battle of the Bear's Paw National Monument, Mont. ber 30. STEPHEN T. MATHER, Director. 12 Public, No. 492. 14166-26- 47 NATIONAL PARKS ADMINISTERED BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR [Number, 19; total area, 11,710 square miles, or 7,493,243 acres; chronologically in order of creation] Name Location When Area Private Nearest rail stations established Statute reference (square Area (acres) lands Special characteristics miles) (acres) Hot Springs, Rock Is- (4 Stat. 505 (46 hot springs possessing curative prop- Hot Springs Middle Arkansas land and Missouri Apr. 20, 1832 21 Stat. 288 11/2 911.6 None. erties-Many hotels and boarding Pacific Systems. [41 Stat. 1407 houses-19 bathhouses under Gov- Yellowstone ernment supervision. Vyoming, Montana, Gardiner, Mont. Mar. 1, 1872 17 Stat 32, 33 13,348 142,720 None. More geysers than in all rest of world and Idaho. Northern Pacific; together-Boiling springs-Muc vol- West Yellowstone, canoes-Petrified forests-Grand Mont., Union Pa- Canyon of the Yellowstone, remark- cific; Cody, Wyo., able for gorgeous coloring-Large Burlington Route; lakes-Waterfalls-Vast wilderness Lander, Wyo., Chi- inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, cago & North West- antelope, bear, mountain sheep, ern; Three Forks, etc.-Greatest wild bird and animal Mont., Chicago, preserve in the world. Milwaukee & St. Paul. (Several hundred Sequoia trees over 10 Sequoia (s-kwoi-'a) Middle eastern Cal- Exeter or Visalia, feet in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet ifornia. Santa Fe and South- Sept. 25, 1890 July 3, 1926 26 Stat. 478, 650 604 386, 560 2, 600 in diameter-Towering mountain ern Pacific. nges-Startling precipices-Mount Whitney, highest peak in continen- tal United States-Fine trout fishing. Merced, Southern Pa- Valley of world-famed beauty-Lofty cific and Santa Fe; (26 Stat. 650 cliffs-Romantic ristas-Waterfalls Yosemite (y-s--t) do thence Yosemite Oct. 1, 1890 33 Stat. 702 ,125 719, 802. 4 8, 993. 64 of extraordinary height-3 groves of Valley R. R. to El [34 Stat. 831 big trees-Large areas of snowy Portal. peaks-Waterwheel Falls-Good General Grant do trout fishing. Fresno, Sanger, or do 26 Stat. 650 4 2, ,536 160 Created to preserve the celebrated Visalia, Santa Fe General Grant Tree, 35 feet in di- and Southern Pa- cific. ameter-6 miles from Sequoia Na- Mount Rainier (rä-ner') tional Park West central Wash- Ashford, Chicago, Mil- Mar. 2, 1899 30 Stat. 993 325 207,782 485.59 ington. waukee & St. Paul. Largest accessible single-peak glacier (May 28, 1926 system-28 glaciers, some of large size-4 square miles of glacier, 50 to 500 feet -Wonderful subalpine Crater Lake wild-flower fields. Southern Oregon Medford or Klamath May 22. 1902 32 Stat. 202 249 159, 360 1,949.21 Falls, Southern Pa- Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano, no inlet, no outlet- cific Sides 1,000 ethigh-interesting lava formations-Fine fishing. (July 1,1902 32 Stat. 641, 655. (Sulphur, Santa Fe Sys- (Apr. 21, 1904 33 Stat. 220 11/3 848.22 None. Many sulphur and other springs pos- Southern Oklahoma. sessing medicinal value. Platt tem and Frisco lines. June 29, 1906 34 Stat. 837 Jan. 9, 1903 32 Stat. 765 17 10,899.22 None. Cavern having many miles of galleries Wind Cave South Dakota Hot Springs, Burling- and numerous chambers of consid- ton Route and Chi- erable size containing many peculiar cago & North West- formations. ern. Devils Lake, Great Apr. 27, 1904 33 Stat. 322, 323, 13/5 780 None. Small park with woods, streams, and a Sullys Hill North Dakota 2368. lake; is an important wild-animal Northern, and Soo preserve. Line. Most notable and best preserved pre- Southwestern Colo- Mancos, Denver & Rio June 29, 1906 34 Stat. 616 77 48, 966. 950 historic cliff dwellings in United Mesa Verde (mä'sa Grande Western. June 30, 1913 38 Stat. 82, 83, 84. States, if not in the world. ver'da) rado. 1,534 981, 681 11,525 Rugged mountain region of unsur- Northwestern Mon- Glacier Park Station May 11, 1910 36 Stat. 354 Glacier (glä'sher) passed aipine character-250 glacier- tana. and Belton, Great fed lakes of romantic beauty-60 Northern. small glaciers-precipices thousands of feet eep-almost sensational scen- ery of marked individuality-fine trout fishing. Longmont, Burling- ton Routeand Colo- rado & Southern; Loveland, Colorado & Southern; Lyons, Burlington Route; Jan. 26, 1915 38 Stat. 798 Heart of the Rockies-snowy range, (North middle Colo- Boulder, Denver In- Feb. 14, 1917 39 Stat. 916 378 241, 2 113 peaks 11,000 to 14,255 feet altitude- Rocky Mountain terurban and Colo- June 2, .1924 rado. 43 Stat. 252 remarkable records of glacial period. rado & Southern; June 9, 1926 Fort Collins, Union Pacific and Colo- rado & Southern; Granby, Denver & Salt Lake. (3 separate areas: 2-Kilauea, continu- ously active for century and section of interesting Kau Desert, and Mauna Loa, altitude 13,675 (largest active volcano in world, erupting (Interisland steamers Aug. 1, ,1916 39 Stat. 432 Hawaiian Islands May 1,1922 42 Stat. 503 } 186 118,695 241.000 every decade)- on Hawaii; Hale- Hawaii (hä-wie) from Honolulu. akala, on Maui. 10,000 feet high, with tremendous rift in summit 8 miles across and 3,000 feet deep; contain many cones, gorgeous tropical forests; mahogany groves. and lava caves; erupted 200 years ago. 1 In W yoming 3,114 square miles; in Montana, 198 square miles; in Idaho, 36 square miles. 2 Estimated 68 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 69 ORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Devils Tower, John M. Thorn, custodian, Hulett, Wyo. (Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.) El Morro, Evon Z. Vogt, custodian, Ramah, N. Mex. Gran Quivira, W. H. Smith, custodian, Gran Quivira, N. Mex. Stephen T. Mather, director. Montezuma Castle, Martin L. Jackson, custodian, Camp Verde, Ariz. Arno B. Cammerer, assistant director. Muir Woods, John T. Needham, custodian, Mill Valley, Calif. A. E. Demaray, assistant in operations and public relations. Natural Bridges, Zeke Johnson, custodian, Blanding, Utah. R. M. Holmes, chief clerk. Navajo, John Wetherill, custodian, Kayenta, Ariz. Isabelle F. Story, editor. Papago Saguaro, J. E. McClain, custodian, Tempe, Ariz. FIELD SERVICE Petrified Forest, Wm. Cox Buehler, acting custodian, Holbrook, Ariz. Pinnacles, W. I. Hawkins, custodian, Hollister, Calif. GENERAL Scotts Bluff, A. N. Mathers, Gering, Nebr. (Yellowstone Park, Wyo.) Sitka, Peter Trierschield, custodian, Sitka, Alaska. Tumacacori, John B. Bristol, custodian, Blackwater, Ariz. Horace M. Albright, assistant director (field) Verendrye, Adolph Larsen, custodian, Sanish, N. Dak. Wupatki, J. O. Clarke, custodian, Flagstaff, Ariz. CIVIL-ENGINEERING DIVISION No superintendent has been appointed for the Lassen Volcanic National Park, (Yellowstone Park, Wyo.) nor have custodians been appointed for the Dinosaur, Katmai, Lewis and Clark Cavern, Rainbow Bridge, Shoshone Cavern, Yucca House, Fossil Cycad, Bert II. Burrell, acting chief civil engineer. Hovenweep, Pipe Spring, or Glacler Bay National Monuments. LANDSCAPE-ENGINEERING DIVISION (730 South Los Angeles Street, Los Angeles, Calif.) Daniel R. Hull, landscape engineer. EDUCATIONAL DIVISION (957 Regal Road, Berkeley, Calif.) Ansel F. Hall, chief park naturalist. THE NATIONAL PARKS Crater Lake, C. G. Thomson, superintendent, Medford, Oreg. Giacier, Charles J. Kraebel, superintendent, Belton, Mont. Grand Canyon, J. Ross Eakin, superintendent, Grand Canyon, Ariz. Hawaii, A. O. Burkland, acting superintendent, Honolulu, Hawaii. Hot Springs, Dr. Joseph Bolten, superintendent, Hot Springs, Ark. Lafayette, George B. Dorr, superintendent, Bar Harbor, Me. Lassen Volcanic, L. W. Collins, acting chief park ranger in charge, Red Bluff, Calif. Mesa Verde, Jesse L. Nusbaum, superintendent, Mancos, Colo. Mount McKinley, Henry P. Karstens, superintendent, McKinley Park, Alaska. Mount Rainier, Owen A. Tomlinson, superintendent, Ashford, Wash. Platt, King Crippin, superintendent, Sulphur, Okla. Rocky Mountain, Roger W. Toll, superintendent, Estes Park, Colo. Sequoia, John R. White, superintendent, Alder Creek headquarters via Three Rivers, Calif. General Grant, John R. White, acting superintendent, Alder Creek headquarters via Three Rivers, Calif. Sullys Hill, Wm. H. Beyer, acting superintendent, Fort Totten, N. Dak. Wind Cave, Roy Brazell, superintendent, Hot Springs, S. Dak. Yellowstone, Horace M. Albright, superintendent, Yellowstone Park, Wyo. Yosemite, W. B. Lewis, superintendent, Yosemite National Park, Calif. Zion, Richard T. Evans, acting superintendent, Springdale, Utah. THE NATIONAL MONUMENTS Frank Pinkley, superintendent of southwestern monuments, Blackwater, Ariz. Aztec Ruin, Earl H. Morris, custodian, Aztec, N. Mex. Capulin Mountain, Homer J. Farr, custodian, Capulin, N. Mex. Carlsbad Cave, W. F. McIlvain, custodian, Carlsbad, N. Mex. Casa Grande, Frank Pinkley, custodian, Blackwater, Ariz. Chaco Canyon, Gus Griffin, custodian, Crown Point, N. Mex. Colorado, John Otto, custodian, Grand Junction, Colo. Craters of the Moon, Samuel A. Paisley, custodian, Arco, Idaho. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 71 Visitors to the national monuments in 1921-1926 1 Name 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 APPENDIX B Aztec Ruin (New Mexico) 6,234 5,908 27,000 5,646 Capulin Mountain (New Mexico) 23,000 23,000 1,000 27,000 17,000 14,965 Carlsbad Cave (New Mexico) 1,280 1,794 10,904 Casa Grande (Arizona) 6,296 5,068 6,787 9,583 13,587 16,542 STATISTICS Chaco Canyon (New Mexico) 2,000 2,500 Colorado (Colorado) 25,500 6,000 27,000 28,000 9,000 29,000 Craters of the Moon (Tdaho) 3,349 4,620 Visitors to the national parks, 1911-1926 Page Devils Tower Wyoming) 27,000 28,500 23,000 $ 7,800 8,450 16,640 Visitors to the national monuments, 1921-1926 El Morro (New Mexico) 3,000 2,500 2,500 3,200 1,800 5,794 Private automobiles entering the national parks during seasons 1919-1926 Gran Quivira (Now Mexico) 1,000 1,577 Automobile and motor-cycle licenses issued during seasons 1922-1926 Hovenweep (Utah-Colorado) 250 250 Receipts collected from automobiles and motor cycles during seasons 1922-1926 Katmai (Alaska) 15 17 Statement of appropriations made for and revenues received from the various national parks and Montezuma Castle (Arizona) 24,500 26,000 27,400 7,500 9,000 12,385 national monuments and expenditures made therefrom during the fiscal years 1917-1926, inclusive; Muir Woods (California) 87,400 90,370 91,253 92,391 93,643 97,426 1 also appropriations for the fiscal year 1927 Natural Bridges (Utah) 20 62 68 Summary of appropriations for the administration, protection, and improvement of the national Navajo (Arizona) 65 112 85 200 2 250 inclusive parks and national monuments, together with the revenues received, for the fiscal years 1917-1927, Papago Saguaro (Arizona) 3,000 8,000 26,000 10,000 30,000 253,000 Petrified forest (Arizona) 32,700 31,338 45,475 42,781 55,227 53,345 Pinnacles (California) 26,500 8,973 10,000 10,167 Pipe Spring (Arizona) 24,000 16,728 Rainbow Bridge (Utah) 142 115 250 300 Scotts Bluff (Nebraska) 20,000 26,000 20,000 35,000 24,000 27,000 Visitors to parks, 1911-1926 Sitka (Alaska) 2,500 Tumacacori (Arizona) 25,000 5,100 6,000 8,800 10,500 13,683 Verendrye (North Dakota) 1,000 3,500 1,400 28,000 1911 Wupatki (Arizona) 2500 200 Namo of park 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Yucca House (Colorado) 100 2150 1918 Total 164,461 171,988 212,826 248,555 294,050 384,040 Hot Springs 130,000 1 135,000 1 135,000 Yellowstone 125,000 115,000 118,740 23,054 22,970 135,000 24,929 1 140,000 20,250 Sequoia 51,895 35,849 3,114 2,923 35,400 3,823 21,275 Yosemite 4,067 7,647 10,780 1 No records for other 5 national monuments. 12,530 10,884 18,510 13,735 15,001 General Grant 15,145 33,452 2,160 33,390 2 Estimated. 2,240 34,510 Mount Rainier 2,756 33,497 3,735 10,523 10,306 15,360 8,946 17,390 13,501 15,496 Opened to public June 1, 1924. Crater Lake 15,038 35,166 23,989 14,500 5,235 35,568 6,253 43,901 Wind Cave 7,096 11,371 3,887 12,265 3,199 11,645 13,231 3,988 3,592 2,817 Private automobiles entering the national parks during seasons 1919-1926 1 Platt 9,000 130,000 31,000 16,742 1 35,000 36,000 Sullys Hill 30,000 20,000 200 30,000 200 35,000 14,431 300 500 Mesa Verde 1,000 206 1,500 230 2,207 280 4,188 502 Glacier 663 14,000 1,385 6,257 2,223 2,058 Name of park 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 , 138 Rocky Mountain 14,108 14,265 12,839 18,387 9,086 Hawaii 31,000 151,000 117,186 101,497 Lassen Volcanic Yellowstone 10,737 13,586 15,736 18,253 27,359 30,689 33,068 33,194 Mount McKinley (2) 500 2,000 Sequoia 2 3,852 5,657 7,139 7,886 9,796 11,032 14,273 26,503 Grand Canyon (2) Yosemite 12,109 13,418 18,947 19,583 27,233 32,814 49,229 74,885 Lafayotto General Grant 3,366 4,710 6, 545 12,010 12,036 9,118 11,108 12,869 Zion Mount Rainior 10,434 10,814 12,271 17,149 27,655 38,351 39,860 38,626 Crater Lake 4,637 5,158 802 9,429 15,377 19,301 19,451 20,442 Total 223,957 8,240 7,686 9,078 10,096 13,570 17,200 22,598 8,332 229,084 251,703 235,193 334,799 Wind Cave 356, 488,268 451,661 Platt 3 21,848 30,000 50,000 57,400 60,000 45,796 Sullys Hill 2,271 4,484 Mesa Verde 436 570 651 969 1,255 1,803 2,197 3,054 Name of Park 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1,697 2,009 2,614 2,416 5,599 6,756 7,585 6,727 1925 1926 Glacier Rocky Mountain 3 33,638 50,502 457,438 52,112 51,800 53,696 58,057 450,407 Hawaii 8,025 10,150 12,650 4,500 Hot Springs 160,490 1 162,850 1 130,968 1 106,164 Yellowstone 1 112,000 1 164,175 265,500 1 260,000 Lassen Volcanic 2,646 5,423 62,261 79,777 Grand Canyon 1,575 3,260 5,104 ,890 11,731 13,052 19,910 22,849 81,651 98,223 Sequoia 138,352 144,158 30,443 154,282 31,508 187,807 28,263 27,514 30,158 34,468 Lafayette 7,000 10,000 9,958 650 8,600 12,561 9,381 15,361 Yosemito 58,362 46,677 68,906 91,513 89,404 100,506 209,166 274,209 Zion 644 604 662 1,446 1,993 3,928 4,796 General Grant 130,040 105,894 21,574 19,661 30,312 Mount Rainier 50,450 46,230 35,020 55,232 40,517 56,491 55,771 50,597 Crater Lake 70,371 123,708 161,473 173,004 Total 97,721 128,074 175,825 197,1 271,482 315,916 368,212 406,248 16,645 20,135 28,617 161,796 Platt 33,016 52,017 64,312 125,000 65,018 38,000 86,019 60,000 Wind Cave 170,000 117,710 134,874 26,312 1143,380 27,023 1144,284 28,336 31,016 41,505 52,166 1 Automobiles entering parks with or without licenses, to and including Sept. 30, 1924, Sullys Hill 4,026 69,267 9,341 85,466 9,100 9,548 Mesa Verde 8,478 8,035 9,183 , License required only for Giant Forest Road. 2,287 2,890 3,003 19,921 Glacier 4,251 5,236 7,109 18,956 22,449 9,043 11,350 No license required. 19,736 23,935 33,988 33,372 40,063 Estimated, Rocky Mountain 169,492 240,966 273,737 3 37,325 219,164 Hawaii 218,000 224,211 233,912 (2) 225,027 116,071 27,750 Lassen Volcanic 41,150 52,110 12,500 64,155 12,000 135,000 10,000 10,000 9,500 Mount McKinley 12,500 (2) 12,596 (2) 18,739 17 4 34 Grand Canyon 4 22 206 37,745 4533 67,315 67,485 84,700 Lafayette 102,166 108,256 64,000 1 66,500 134,053 169,836 140,252 73,779 Zion 64,200 71,758 73,673 3,692 101,256 2,937 4,109 6,408 8,400 16,817 21,964 Total 755,325 919,504 1, 007,335 1, 044,502 1,280,886 1, 422,353 ,760,51 1,930,865 1 Estimated. 2 No record. 3 4 Actual park visitors; many miners and prospectors passed through park. Indicated loss in travel from 1921 due largely to better methods of checking and estimating employed. 70 74 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 75 Statement of appropriations made for, and revenues received from, the various national parks and national monuments, etc.-Continued Statement of appropriations made for, and revenues received from, the various national parks and national monuments, etc.-Continued Appropriations Revenues Appropriations Revenues Name of the national park Appropri- Name of the national park ated Expended Received Expended Appropri- ated Expended Received Expended Crater Lake-Continued, 1921 1922 $25,300.00 $25,223.40 Hawaii: $9,784.98 1919 $750.00 $731.40 1923 25,300.00 25,290.41 15,277.53 32,000.00 1920 750.00 747.55 1924 31,787.77 18,139.75 35,000.00 1921 1,000.00 125.00 1925 34,822.5 30,495.93 30,700.00 1922 10,000.00 9,645.16 1925 (deficiency) 1926 1,980.00 32,623.41 39,789.4 1923 10,000.00 9,969.03 $775.0 35,980.00 10,000.00 9,658.74 35,865.26 1924 1,460.00 1927 41,486.50 Platt: 37,160.00 1925 10,000.00 9,377.05 760. 00 1925 (deficiency) 1,260.00 1917 8,000.00 1926 15,500.00 13,349.54 2,450.00 1918 8,000.00 434.1 7,180.00 $138.1 7,179.84 1927 18,000.00 1919 1,010.40 1920 7,500.00 1,699.88 7,485.05 Lassen Volcanic: 482.63 6,000.00 (1) 5,980.24 1917 81.25 (1) 1921 480.59 8,900.70 1918 118.05 1922 9,000.00 726.2 7,500.00 1921 2,500.00 2,410.90 1923 7,238.26 519.80 7,500.00 7,325.62 1922 3,000.00 2,922.41 1924 65.30 10,000.00 1923 3,000.00 2,963.42 228.66 1925 9,982.48 74. 14 10,000.00 1924 3,000.00 2,865.61 277. 1925 (deficiency) 1,920.00 11,780. 00 50 1925 3,000.00 1926 100.00 2,914.93 170. 96 17,920.00 17,818.6 1925 (deficiency) 1927 54.13 12,400.00 1926 10,000.00 9,783.0 135. 97 Wind Cave: 1927 12,700.00 1917 2,500.00 Grand Canyon: 1918 2,499.87 1, 632.6 2,500.00 1, 013. 1919 525. (2) 1919 2,498.40 4,082.60 4,000.00 8, , 006.53 1920 40,000.00 39,874.27 399.32 1920 3,988.77 2,533.15 4,000.00 (1) 1921 60,000.00 59,948.45 8,305.43 1921 3,987.24 3,714.18 5,000.00 1922 100,000.00 99,966.55 4,872.02 1922 4,971.55 2,918.20 7,500.00 7,500.00 1923 75,000.00 73,906.35 7,508.72 1923 3,785.2 7,500.00 1924 125,400.00 124,798.40 12,655.42 1924 7,443.84 3,869.0 1925 10,000.00 9,934.56 1925 (without year) 100,000.00 63,757.24 3,856.50 10,000.00 1925 116,000.00 1925 (deficiency) 4,360.0 118,729.19 12, 550. 06 900.00 10,954.71 232. 1925 (deficiency) 1926 10,960.00 1926 192,360.00 189,579.00 15, 806. 45 1927 11,827.07 5, 934. 54 10,275.00 1927 132,000.00 Mesa Verde: Mount McKinley: 1917 1918 10,000.00 9,999.00 1922 8,000.00 7,792.88 130.1 10,000.00 (9) 9,913.05 1923 8,000.00 7,850.61 1919 2,763.75 18,000.00 17,022.44 1924 8,000.00 1,730.85 1920 3,348.66 1921 11,000.00 10,959.69 1925 11,020.00 3,317.95 11,533.00 08. 93 (2) 1922 14,000.00 13,929.71 1925 (deficiency) 700.00 3,771.35 1923 10,400.00 16,339.30 1926 13,800.00 13,575.80 135. 45 1,273.72 43,000.00 42,812.62 1927 18,700.00 1924 3,690.10 1924 (deficiency) 35,000.00 Lafayette: 3,000.00 36,685.2 4,071.65 1919 10,000.00 9,972.42 1925 1925 (deficiency) 42,500.00 1920 10,000.00 9,930.00 1,895.0 43,169.93 599. 45 1921 20,000.00 19,997.73 1926 42,835.00 42,596.97 1922 25,000.00 24,992.99 1927 3,221.15 72,300.00 1923 25,000.00 24,819.20 Glacier: 1924 30,000.00 29,785.89 1917 1918 110,000.00 108,148.16 1925 34,700.00 3,202.40 150,000.00 1,352.75 36, 995. 82 1919 114,362.82 1925 (deficiency) 2,820.00 4,438.22 80,000.00 9,026.86 79,958.69 1926 34,190.00 33,636.66 1920 2,624.53 1920 (deficiency) 85,800.00 85,000.00 1927 34,000.00 7,253.85 Zion: 1921 11,849.12 81,572.94 1921 (deficiency) 95,000.00 1917 (deficiency) 15,000.00 14,963.8 12,564.09 107,847.30 10,513. 20 1920 511. (3) 1922 195,000.00 194,803.03 1921 7,300.00 1923 3,082.71 1,585.07 8, 825. 524. 1924 178,700.00 178,515.70 1921 (deficiency) 10,732.67 225,000.00 1922 10,000.00 9, 968. 414.9 1925 227,133.1 9,759.23 281,000.00 1923 10,000.00 9,727.39 584. 37 1925 (deficiency) 9,260. 290,221. 5,328.71 1923-24 (deficiency) 133,000.00 1926 172,888.11 13,750.00 144,066.88 913.25 184,960.00 1924 1927 1,311.72 167,745.00 1925 15,190.00 Rocky Mountain: 16,790.71 195.80 1925 (deficiency) 1,500.00 1917 10,000.00 19,968.90 9,964.24 1926 20,000.00 479. 50 1918 871.27 1919 10,000.00 ($) 9,922.1 1927 22,000.00 598.75 1920 10,000.00 9,993.94 Protection of national monuments: 307.50 1921 10,000.00 1917 9,924.85 3,500.00 2,586.06 1,507.78 1922 40,000.00 39,945.40 1918 5,000.00 4,832.70 225. (11) 537.25 65,000.00 1919 10,000.00 9,473.10 320.75 1923 64,923.10 2,695.41 73,900.00 73,153.99 1920 8,000.00 7,802.92 123.50 1924 3,077.08 74,280.00 1921 8,000.00 7,838.99 123.20 1924 (deficiency) 74,000.03 582.38 26,171.00 1922 12,500.00 12,019.98 39.00 1925 1923 12,500.00 11,385.55 135, 38 1925 (deficiency) 93,000.00 122,805.78 3,183.83 1926 4,540.00 1924 12,500.00 11,774.15 23. 50 84,660.00 82, 259. 56 1925 20,750.00 1927 2, 538. 35 1,230.00 20,343.75 57. 00 87,000.00 1925 (deficiency) 1926 46,980.00 46,752.31 72. 1927 21,270.00 148 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 149 INSECT INFESTATION ON NORTH RIM EDUCATIONAL WORK The Black Hills beetle, whose inroads in the Kaibab Forest and adjacent During the past year one ranger has been acting as ranger naturalist. He lands of the park have occasioned considerable alarm, appears to have been suc- has collected a great deal of interesting material in and around the canyon. cessfully combated by park service crews under the supervision of the Bureau He also found eight species of invertebrate fossils which had never been found of Entomology. No new infestations were in evidence this year. here before. Other activities consisted of the monthly issue of nature notes, camp-fire MINING PROPERTY ELIMINATED lectures, and a daily nature guide walk along the rim. Dr. C. W. Gilmore of the Smithsonian Institute and Dr. David White of the The Bass mining claims were acquired by the Santa Fe Development Co., a United States Geological Survey spent several weeks in the park making subsidiary of the Santa Fe Railroad. It is understood these claims will be special investigations. donated to the Government. Our work the past year was carried on with our regular force and as a result was not very extensive. However, what little we have done has made REVISION OF PARK BOUNDARIES a very favorable impression, and has given us a basis on which to work in the future. It is regretted that the bill for revision of boundaries as recommended by the LAFAYETTE NATIONAL PARK coordinating commission did not pass at the last session of Congress. Until this bill becomes a law it will be impossible to build a road to Desert View and Cape GEORGE B. DORR, Superintendent, Bar Harbor, Me. Solitude on the south rim and Point Sublime and perhaps Cape Royal on the north rim. The proposed addition to the north rim would preserve a repre- The past year was one of great development for Maine as a recreational sentative section of the Kaibab Forest in its natural state and furnish a sanetu- State, and Lafayette National Park has been given full recognition as the ary for wild life with both summer and winter range for deer. enlmination of its coastal scenery and recreational opportunities. Extensive work of permanent character is being done on the State highways leading to FISH CULTURE the park. The work on these has temporarily impeded travel but when Rainbow trout are now fairly well established in Bright Angel Creek. These finished will result in a great increase. In spite of this the park has experienced a marked increase in travel, trout are only found in the upper stretches of the creek which is fed by springs. An effort is being made to find a species of trout which will thrive in the lower which came to it from all sections of the country. The recreational use of the sea has increased enormously within the last and warmer waters. On December 13 and 14, 25,600 eyed eggs of Loch Leven trout were planted in few years and this year more than ever. Flects of sailing crafts are a beautiful sight on the ocean bays bordering the park on every pleasant day, Bright Angel Creek. This was following up the plant made a year before. The and races are held twice a week. Power boats are constantly increasing in eggs were received from the United States Bureau of Fisheries at Saratoga, number and speed and for these the islanded and sheltered waters that sur- Wyo. round rhe park on all but its ocean front and stretch away for 40 As we are experimenting in planting operations, we have not requested the shipment of other kinds of fish, as this might cause some complications. miles offer wonderful opportunity. ROAD WORK WILD LIFE Wild life of all kinds has shown a splendid increase. On the south rim deer The park motor road connecting the Bar Harbor region with Jordan Pond are seen much more frequently than was the case a year ago. Signs show and the resorts upon the ocean front-a 5-mile stretch-is now completed in that they now range close to the village, and sometimes even wander among the all but its final surfacing, which will be given it later this fall and in the buildings. There are several reports of more than 10 being seen in one band. spring. The road rising from this to ascend Cadillac Mountain has been There was no evidence of starvation among the deer on the north rim. Even built, though not surfaced, for three-fifths of a mile, halting at a point where during the early spring months those seen around Bright Angel Point were there is a view of unsurpassed beauty eastward over Frenchman's Bay. in a very satisfactory condition. The driving and horseback road system in the park, still under construction, Mountain sleep are steadily increasing. During the month of January 17 has advanced rapidly and when completed will be unique in variety, magnifi- trail parties saw specimens of this interesting animal in the canyon. cence, and range of scenery. The 12 antelope which were placed on the Tonto Plateau have had a rather NATURAL HISTORY bad time. Only during three months of the year were they able to subsist on natural forage. At present there are 10 in the band, 3 does, 4 bucks, and 3 The study of the natural history of the park has progressed far during the fawns which were born this spring. past year. Dr. E. T. Wherry, president of the Washington Wild Flower Predatory animals were not very numerous and only about 20 coyotes were destroyed. Society, vlsiting the park for the fourth consecutive season, has compiled a list of several hundreds of the most interesting wild flowers, ferns, and other Hunts made during the year brought the total number of wild burros destroyed on the Tonto Plateau to 638. plants of Mount Desert Island with descriptive text which now only awaits funds for publication. This will be of great value to park visitors and to FOREST FIRES naturalists. This year, for the first time, the Massachusetts Audubon Society visited the There were a total of 11 forest fires on the park. The largest of these park, a party of 26 spending two weeks in early July at the Appalachian burned over about 20 acres. One man on Hopi Tower kept a constant lookout Mountain Club camp on Echo Lake and studying the birds upon the island. during the dangerous fire season which we have just had. The prompt loca- They went off enthusiastic at what they found and the beauty of the park and tion of all fires on the park no doubt explains the small areas burned over. plan to return next year, making their visit to the park an annual event. On June 21, the tent used as a checking station on the south rim was Dr. Charles W. Johnson, the entomologist, who has been studying the insect destroyed by fire, and on June 10 the large woodpile behind the Hopi House life of the park during the last half dozen years, returned again this year and was destroyed. Both of these caused a small amount of damage to trees has now compiled a list of nearly 3,000 species of insects which also, with text near by. to accompany it, awaits funds for publication. All of the forest fires were started by lightning except one. This was caused Prof. Douglas Johnson, of Columbia University, who visited the superinten- by a careless camper who was afterward apprehended. dent three years ago seeking material for his then forthcoming book on the REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 151 150 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE At a power plant was installed which early in July began to generate and the the company's utility site, to supersede the inadequate two-unit Delco Acadian-New England coast line, arranged this summer for an intimate geological study of the park and island by Prof. Ervin J. Raisz, of Columbia, plant, electricity for lights, fans, the refrigeration of a ton of ice daily, who stayed with the superintendent for six weeks and has brought to light operation of a moving-pieture projector in the recreation hall. The to garages be of new features of the ancient story. His report will be printed later for the and cottages for two mechanics were completed but not in time use of visitors. FOREST FIRES service. The increased travel enabled the Utah & Grand Canyon Transportation Co. to maintain a daily bus service to the north rim of Grand Canyon. The present season has been singularly free from forest fires within 'or bordering the park whose forests protected from ax and fire, are growing SANITATION rapidly, and make magnificent shelter for wild life. Additional measures were taken to prevent the pollution of the Virgin River the PUBLICITY by sewage of the Utah Parks Co. and one at the public camp grounds. The situation aban- seepage by the construction of two new filtration trenches at The park has received conspicuous publicity during the past year, numerous plant materially improved during the w.nter when the town of Rockville Graf- articles being written on it and published in various leading papers and maga- was doned the use of the river water and constructed a pipe line to a spring. zines. TRAVEL ton, a village a of 37 families, 5 m.les below Grafton, are on the point of following village of seven families, 3 miles farther down the river, and Virgin, Rockville's example. Travel to the park to September 30, 1926, has shown a gratifying increase At the suggestion of Sanitary Engineer II. B. Hommon cooperation Board was over any previous year, the total reaching 101,256, an increase of 27,583 over established between the park service, the Utah Parks Co., and the State River the number recorded on September 30, 1925. Records show that every State of Health by the collection of samples of sewage effluent and Virgin and several foreign countries are represented by visitors. water at frequent intervals for analysis. TELEPHONES ZION NATIONAL PARK RICHARD T. EVANS, Acting Superintendent, Springdale, Utah Modern the Utah Parks Co. from Cedar City and the commercial line of the Southern entrance telephone service was established on July 20, when the private line PARK TRAVEL of Utah Telephone Co. from St. George were brought to the lodge. The rights of the latter company was effected by their purchase on June 10 of the National interest in Zion National Park was attested by the registration of and good will of the original pioneer permittee, John A. Winder. 21,964 visitors, an increase of 5,147, or 30.6 per cent over last year, a good Both lines consist of a two-wire copper metallic circuit and are strung on one showing for the second year of encouraged travel. They came from every set of poles. State in the Union and from many foreign countries. The most celebrated ROADS visitors were the Crown Prince and Princess of Sweden who, with their dis- tinguished party, spent two days in open admiration of the unsurpassed highway of 7 1/2 miles within the park and the trails were maintained 28 in scenery. It is worthy of note that several of last years' visitors from far distant caused the most trouble, as it covered a mile of road with mud and besides excellent The condition throughout a rather dry year. The cloudburst of bowlders, July States came again to the park. destroyed some retaining walls, and damaged the supports of one bridge, The travel for the year ending September 30 was divided as follows: filling with sand the reservoirs of the four water systems. Immediately outslde the park for 7 miles to Rockville a new Federal approach aid highway the park. Of the 65 miles from Cedar City 22 miles remain to road was built during the spring months, materially improving the be improved. Visitors Number of to have been made beyond Rockville SO that this winter more North new Creek, auto- mobiles By private By stage Surveys may be built according to plans to Coalpits, Wash., 3 miles, or to auto- and mis- Total mobile cellaneous 8 miles. THE EAST RIM ROAD 4,796 18,923 3,041 21,964 investigations route is now in progress under the d rection of the Bureau of Public The to determine the best ronte. Survey of the so-called Parunuweap Roads. much desired new road to the east rim was temporarily halted pending The well-kept and comfortable free camp grounds were ample to accom- modate 3,339 motor cars and 10,381 motorists during the year. NEW TRAILS ACCOMMODATIONS AND FACILITIES FOR VISITORS service's major achievement during the year was the reconstruction of In preparation for the increased travel the Utah Parks Co. during the early spring erected 15 new cottages and a comfort station and practically the form to park standards of 16 per cent average maximum grade, 5-foot credit for The West Rim and East Rim Trails. Formerly mere routes, they now width, con- rebuilt the lodge, doubling the size of the kitchen and dining room and adding two wings-one to contain a recreation hall, the other a curio shop and store. these outside fine trails is due to the energy and sk.ll of Chief Ranger Walter guard wall, inside drainage ditch and level turns. Much Ruesch, Besides adding to the comfort of the guests this effected a distinct improve- Ranger Donal J. Jolley, and Ranger Harold Russell. ment in the artistic appearance of the building. It is hoped that by next third of the West Rim Trail, all entirely new route, opened to of season suitable dormitories for the company's employees will be erected as travel The on upper July 11, was formally dedicated by the Crown Prince and Princess the present quarters in the old Wiley camp are too dilapidated to be much Sweden and in their honor named the Royal Trail. longer used. half of the East Rim Tra is likewise a new trail, cl mbing this Some young trees and grass seed were planted last spring, but more atten- through The upper the sheer white cliffs directly to Observation Point thus rendering in the develonment of many dense grass plots. for they famous view point easily accessible. 154 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 155 accessible cliff dwelling in a good state of preservation in the Southwest. It was hoped before this to put Mr. Jackson on a full salary, but this was zation of this division, and for turning over to the Bureau of Public Roads During the month of December provision was made for the complete reorgani- impracticable and the 12,000 visitors who went through the castle this year through interbureau agreement practically all of the going contracts and the did more or less damage because we had no one in direct charge. We have principal surveys for major projects. thus far been unable to get the funds and must look forward to about The reorganization was practically completed during the month of February 14,000 more visitors next year who will tear down, scratch names, and hunt and all major road work and survey projects were turned over to the Bureau souvenirs in the linest cliff dwelling in the United States. Natural Bridges National Monument is in southern Utah under the charge Wind of Cave, and Lafayette National Parks, certain small projects in Yellow- Public Roads, except the road work in Mesa Verde, Platt, Hot Springs, of Custodian Zeke Johnson. This monument is reached by trail only. No stone, for the Mount Cannon road and the Platt Park roads were completed by and the Mount Cannon section of road in Glacier Park. The contracts this money was expended at the monument the past year but trail improve- ment is planned for next year. division and also the construction work in IIot Springs and Wind Cave. Navajo National Monument, in northern Arizona, is under the charge of As a result of the reorganization the persounel of the division was reduced Custodian John Wetherill and the three fine cliff dwellings on the monu- a total permanent engineering force of 11 to 3, and the clerical force from ment form a most interesting exhibit. Thus far visitors have not been from 4 Three new resident engineers were appointed and all resident engineers, numerous enough to this monument to demand a resident custodian. numbering six, were placed under the advisory control of the new engineering dur- Papago Saguaro National Monument, located in southern Arizona, is under division. The office was moved from Portland, Oreg., to Yellowstone Park charge of Custodian J. E. McClain who receives a nominal salary. Here ing March. we have reserved a typical section of desert scenery which forms a wonderful The division is now functioning more along general engineering lines than contrast with the waving alfalfa fields and beautiful orange groves of the formerly, and Is working on the coordination and systemization of construction reclaimed desert which surrounds it under the Roosevelt Irrigation Project. and maintenance methods in all parks. Petrified Forest National Monument, in northern Arizona, is under the charge the least of the new duties will be the accomplishment of general supply of Custodian William Cox Bueliler, who joined our service last April. Mr. contracts by construction and maintenance Not the engineering division, which will enable all parks to take Buehler had three temporary rangers assisting him during the summer months advantage of concerted buying prices for all of buying and they did the best they could to give service to the 53,000 visitors and staples, not only to prices, but avoid il multiplicity of contracts for the There same machinery, etc. The savings resulting from this method protect the monument from vandalism. The greatest need at the Petrified Forest is for one permanent ranger and three more temporary rangers during the season of heavy traffic. articles is also a better opportunity to take full advantage of land-grant railroad rates apply and corresponding clerical work in both parks and Washington. Pipe Spring National Monument, in northwestern Arizona, has no custodian, and cash discounts. due to a lack of funds. Repair work here is going on at the rate of about road equipment, fire-fighting apparatus, standard road and trail signs, building danger Seven general contracts are now in force for the fiscal year 1927 covering $500 per year and we have already made a great improvement in the looks of the place. signals, supplies will be entered into as soon as the necessary information can boundary signs, and blue prints. Other contracts for general be Rainbow Bridge National Monument, in southern Utah, the largest natural bridge in the world, has no custodian, and none is really necessary yet. It is reached only by trail and no money has yet been expended upon the monument. obtained. Authority was given the division to act as intermediary between the parks valu- Tumacacori National Monument, in southern Arizona, again touches the mis- sion period in the history of the southwest. This mission was first visited in atlon of several thousand dollars has already been transferred under ar- the exchange of surplus materials and equipment. Equipment with this a by Padre Kino in 1691, and the present walls were erected about 1800. It is with a corresponding saving to the receiving park. The acting one of the most charming and interesting of the ruined missions in the United rangement chief civil engineer and the maintenance engineer have been making studies with in a States. Some repair work was carried on during the past year. field of all park and many State and county maintenance systems Wupatki National Monument, under charge of Custodian J. C. Clarke, of the view to standardizing such work in the parks beginning the 1927 season. Spe- Flagstaff, Ariz., had its usual number of visitors during the year. Wupatki cial study and observation is now being made of methods of dust elimination contains some very interesting ruins belonging to a little known phase of the for application to all parks in the near future. prehistoric culture of northern Arizona. unit cost-accounting system was put in force beginning August 1, Yucca House National Monument, in southwestern Colorado, is one of our which A new is expected to obtain accurate construction and maintenance cost data in- little known and little visited monuments. The ruins on this monument will for future estimates. The calls upon the civil engineering division are have to be excavated before they can be appreciated by the visitors. When that creasing rapidly and will soon necessitate a substantial increase in the present is done, Yucca House will be one of our most interesting monuments. force. The number of visitors at the various southwestern monuments during the past season has been as follows: REPORT OF LANDSCAPE ENGINEERING DIVISION, 1926 Aztec Ruin 646 Navajo 250 DANIEL R. HULL, Landscape Engineer, Los Angeles, Calif. Capulin Mountain 14,90 Papago Saguaro 53,000 Carlsbad Cave 10,90 Petrified Forest 53,345 Roads and trails, gateways and bridges, hotels and camps, along with nu- Casa Grande 16,5 Pipe Spring 16,728 merous other problems, have occupied the time of the landscape division during Chaco Canyon 2,500 Rainbow Bridge 300 the just closed. With the progress being made in various parks of comes the El Morro 5,794 Tumacacori 13,683 the need year for protection of the landscape, and here.n lies the chief work Gran Quivira 1,577 Wupatki 600 landscape division. Hovenweep 250 Yucca House 150 Cleaning up" has been one of the tasks in the parks which has brought this Montezuna Castle 12,385 Natural Bridges 68 Total 207, 783 most respect being the roadside clean-up in Yellowstone and the removal of favorable comments from the travelers, most noticeable results in old buildings from Giant Forest to a new village site. REPORT OF THE CIVIL ENGINEERING DIVISION Following is a list of the parks and monuments visited by a member of land- the landscape division, with a brief outline of some of the more important BERT H. BURRELL, Acting Chief Civil Engineer, Yellowstone Park, Wyo. scape projects. CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK At the commencement of the fiscal year 1926 practically all road work, both survey or construction, was in control of the civil engineering division, either industrial and administrative center planned in conjunction with new directly or through supervisory control of funds or engineering. road New layout. Improved conditions around hotel. Bridge and development at Anna Springs. Gateways. U.S Department of the Interior. Report National of the Park Director Service of to the The Secretary of the Interior. CONTENTS 1930. [Incomplete] Page 1 1 Introduction 3 Outstanding Deaths of former events Director Mather and Assistant Director Lewis of the year 4 4 Death Changes of in W. the W. national Wylie, park park pioneer and monument status system 4 5 Carlsbad Caverns given park 5 Zion National Park Rocky Mountain National Park 5 6 Yosemite National Park 6 Acadia New George Washington Birthplace enlarged National Monument National Park 6 of the Moon Monument 7 Craters Papago Saguaro area no longer a national monument 7 7 Pending boundary problems 7 Yellowstone National Park 8 Mount Rainier National Park 8 Grand Teton National Park 9 Kings River country 10 Grand Canyon National Park 10 Eastern Bryce national park and monument projects Canyon National Park 10 11 Great Smoky Mountains project 11 Shenandoah project 12 Mammoth Cave project 12 Proposed Everglades park 13 Colonial Monument project Other projects pending or investigated De Soto Monument project 13 13 14 Isle Royale 14 Apostle Islands and Menominee Bandelier and Canyon de Chelly 14 Hoover of park and monument projects expedited Dain and Death Valley projects 15 15 Inspections Unfavorable report on Wallowa project 16 17 Elimination of private holdings Educational and research developments 18 Activities of educational committee 19 21 Museums 22 Guided trips and lectures 22 Auto caravans Nature trails and exhibits Field Natural in place History and Junior universities Nature School and 23 Yosemite Field studies School of parks of made by groups from various 23 23 colleges 24 Visual education 25 Archeological research 26 Other scientific research 28 Animal conditions 28 Fish-culture activities Senate Special Committee on Wild Life Resources 28 29 Forest protection 29 Fire control and prevention 30 Insect and tree-disease control 31 Preservation of park landscape 31 Reforestation 33 11 Sanitation and medical service The parks in winter III IV CONTENTS CONTENTS V Page Appendix D.-Reports of officers in charge of the national parks, monu- Appropriations and revenues 34 ments, and engineering, educational, landscape architectural, and for- Park road development 34 estry divisions; also reports on sanitation, fish-cultural operations, and Park approach roads 35 survey of wild-life conditions-Continued Page. Publications Mesa Verde National Park 118 36 Reclassification and reorganization of the National Park Service Mount McKinley National Park 127 36 Public-utility service Mount Rainier National Park 129 37 Cooperation from Federal, State, and private sources Platt National Park 137 39 Hawaii National Park now under Federal jurisdiction 40 Rocky Mountain National Park 138 Donations 40 Sequoia National Park 145 State, county, and municipal park development 151 41 Sullys Hill National Park Park developments abroad Wind Cave National Park 152 42 Legislation Yellowstone National Park 43 154 Bills enacted into law Yosemite National Park 163 43 Other measures introduced or pending in the second session of the Zion National Park 172 Seventy-first Congress which failed of enactment 46 The southwestern national monuments 178 Presidential proclamations Craters of the Moon National Monument 48 181 Executive orders Muir Woods National Monument 48 181 Individual park reports in Appendix D 48 Report of civil engineering division 181 Conclusion 49 Report of landscape architectural division 186 Appendix A.-Organization of the National Park Service Report of field educational division 189 49 Appendix B.-The national parks and monuments: Report of forestry division 194 The national parks administered by the National Park Service, Dc- Report of sanitation division 198 partment of the Interior 52 Report of fish-cultural inspections and activities 200 The national monuments administered by the National Park Service, Report of survey of wild-life conditions 202 Department of the Interior 56 The national monuments administered by the Department of Agri- culture 59 The national monuments administered by the War Department 61 The national military and other parks administered by the War De- partment 62 Appendix C:-Travel and fiscal statistics: Visitors to the national parks, 1915-1930 63 Visitors to the national monuments, 1925-1930 64 Private automobiles entering the national parks during seasons 1923-1930 64 Automobile and motor-cycle licenses issued during seasons 1926-1930. 65 Receipts collected from automobiles and motor cycles during seasons 1926-1930 65 Statement of appropriations made for and revenues received from the various national parks and national monuments, and expenditures made therefrom during the fiscal years 1917-1930, inclusive; also appropriations for the fiscal year 1931 66 Summary of appropriations for the administration, protection, and improvement of the national parks and national monuments, to- gether with the revenues received, for the fiscal years 1917-1931, inclusive 73 Statement of amounts transferred under the authority contained in the appropriation acts to transfer 10 per cent from one appropriation to another 73 Statement of appropriations and authorizations for road and trail work in the national parks and national monuments 74 Appendix D.-Reports of officers in charge of the national parks, monu- ments, and engineering, educational, landscape architectural, and for- estry divisions; also reports on sanitation, fish-cultural operations, and survey of wild-life conditions: Acadia National Park 75 Bryce Canyon National Park 77 Carlsbad Caverns National Park 81 Crater Lake National Park 83 General Grant National Park 89 Glacier National Park 91 Grand Canyon National Park 98 Grand Teton National Park 106 Hawaii National Park 108 Hot Springs National Park 112 Lassen Volcanic National Park 115 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, Washington, D. C., October 9, 1930. The SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. SIR: I submit to you herewith the fourteenth annual report of the National Park Service. As in past years, it covers activities and progress in the field of national parks in general for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930, although for comparative purposes in con- nection with travel statistics the travel year is considered as ended September 30. Progress on road and other construction is also reported on a seasonal rather than a fiscal year basis. Travel to the national parks and monuments made a good showing despite the fact that the nation-wide financial depression was re- flected in a decided falling off of rail travel to the parks, and in the number of people using the hotels. Another factor in lessening the travel increase was the abolishment of the Papago Saguaro Na- tional Monument, which last year had 87,600 visitors, and for which only 50,000 were reported up to the time of its change of status. The increase in park travel was due to the private motorist who fre- quently used his own camping equipment or made use of the housekeeping accommodations in the public auto camps. National park travel increased to 2,774,561 visitors, as against 2,680,597 in 1929. The total of 3,246,656 visitors to both classes of reservations the past year was 1,608 less than the previous high record of 1929. My official inspection trips this season included, in May and early June, the Mammoth Cave, Great Smoky Mountains, and Shenandoah projects, and the Acadia National Park. Between June 21 and October 3 all of the big western parks as far east as Wind Cave were inspected, as well as the Casa Grande, Tonto, Montezuma Cas- tle, Petrified Forest, El Morro, Chaco Canyon, Aztec Ruins, Devils Tower, and Pipe Spring National Monuments and the proposed Badlands Monument in South Dakota. OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE YEAR The acquisition of the most important timber stands in private ownership in Yosemite National Park, at a cost of approximately $3,300,000, ranks high among important happenings of the year. Half of this cost was contributed by John D. Rockefeller, jr., who for so many years has evinced a keen interest in the welfare of the national parks. 1 2 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 3 The National Park Service was reclassified as one of the largest and the roads have a dustless surface, having been either paved or and most important bureaus of the Department of the Interior and finished with oil-processed top. In Rainier, the new road to Paradise its key positions reallocated accordingly. It was also enlarged July Valley by Ricksecker Point is finished. This road, rebuilt of course, 1 through the authority granted to expand personnel and quarters. now stands out as the finest thing of its kind in the Northwest. The A new branch of education and research was established in the Yakima Park Road was used this year for the first time and it is Washington headquarters of the Service, headed by 'a prominent almost as spectacular as the Paradise Valley Highway. educator who has been identified with educational activities in the In Glacier Park the west side portion of the Logan Pass or Trans- national parks since their inception. Several new trail-side museums mountain Road has been used more than ever before and tourists are have been built in the parks and there were other extensions of the overwhelmed by the majestic views and beauty of the scenery. In educational program. Yellowstone the road over Sylvan Pass is finished, as well as the The first concrete step was made toward the establishment of the new Gibbon Canyon Highway and the road to Inspiration Point and national parks authorized in the southern Appalachian region when Artist Point. In Rocky Mountain it is possible for people to view Secretary Wilbur accepted, upon behalf of the United States, deeds the new highway and realize what an extraordinary road we are to approximately 150,000 acres of lands within the approved bound- building there. Seven miles of this road will be at an altitude of aries of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park project. Under over 12,000 feet. The new road to the Mesa Verde Plateau is finished congressional authority to undertake administration when this and will be surfaced next year. amount of land became available, a small ranger force has already The landscaping of these roads attracted quite as much attention been installed. as the location of the roads themselves and the views to be obtained Authority was secured for the employment of specialists and from them. Roadsides have been cleaned in most cases, old roads experts for investigations and examinations of lands to determine wiped out, the sloping of shoulders mmsually well done, and in many their suitability for national park and monument purposes. This places planting to cover up scars has been started. The most beau- will greatly relieve the staff officers, upon whom has rested the greater tifully landscaped roads are in Mesa Verde. part of the burden of such examinations in the past, and at the same Another thing that impressed me, and appealed especially to time will facilitate the work of examination in a manner more satis- visitors, was the progress made in oiling roads and making them factory to the proponents of the various projects. dustless. Sequoia, General Grant, Yosemite, Crater Lake, Mount The Carlsbad Caverns National Park was established through con- Rainier, Glacier, Yellowstone, Grand Canyon, and Zion either had gressional action changing the status of this area from that of a all their main-traveled roads given a permanent oil-processed surfac- national monument. ing or pavement, or at least received palliative measures to combat The definite entrance of the National Park Service into the field of the dust menace. In Mount Rainier, Yosemite, and Sequoia there preservation of historic shrines was marked by the establishment of was oiling of trails. This work will be continued next year in other the George Washington Birthplace National Monument, at Wake- field, Va., and the authorization of the Colonial National Monument. parks. The excellent results achieved by the civil engineering and sanita- Road and trail improvement was pushed on a basis involving the tion divisions in providing for the comfort and convenience of expenditure of approximately $5,000,000 annually. visitors also deserve special comment. The spectacular Zion-Mount Carmel Highway between Zion and Bryce Canyon National Parks, Utah, was brought to completion, and DEATHS OF FORMER DIRECTOR MATHER AND ASSISTANT at its dedication on July 4 governors of 15 States of the Union DIRECTOR LEWIS participated. During my inspections last summer it was evident that we have The personnel of the National Park Service, both field and Wash- at least attained some very important and tangible results in our ington, was greatly saddened by the deaths of former Director landscape and road construction work. This year for the first time Stephen T. Mather and Assistant Director W. B. Lewis. Both several new roads were opened. The Zion-Mount Carmel Highway, became engaged in national park work some time before the Service with its 5,600-foot tunnel, undoubtedly is the most spectacular and was established, bearing the responsibilities, trials, and discourage- unusual feat of road engineering yet undertaken. The road system ment not only of organization but of reorganization. There is no on the north rim of the Grand Canyon, including the highway to doubt but that their faithful devotion to the work and their en- Cape Royal and Point Imperial and out to the new north entrance, thusiastic endeavors to bring it up to the highest standards in the was completed and thrown open. It is now being paved. On the quickest possible time shortened their spans of life. They gave more south rim, the Desert View Road is receiving a permanent surface SO of themselves than was humanly possible, if strength were to be that Grand Canyon now has a splendid new system of highways on conserved. both north and south rims. In Yosemite Park, several miles of the Mr. Mather died in Brookline, Mass., January 22, 1930, as a result new Wawona Road were opened, giving the people of California an of the stroke he suffered in November, 1928, when he went to Chicago idea of what that fine new all-year road to the Mariposa Big Trees to vote in the presidential election. No better epitaph could be con- will be. Crater Lake's road system is complete to the rim of the lake ceived than that uttered by Representative Cramton, of Michigan, on helplil OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 5 the floor of the House when, in announcing Mr. Mather's death, he authorized the President to add to it by proclamation, upon the said There will never come an end to the good that he has done." recommendation of the Secretary of the Interior, surrounding lands His retirement from park activities in 1929 was reported in the last up to a total of 193 square miles additional. An investigation will annual report with a brief résumé of his most outstanding work. be made by department experts to determine how much of the The recipient of many honors during his lifetime, Mr. Mather last authorized lands should be added to provide adequate surface pro- April was posthumously awarded the public-welfare medal of the tection to the caves, which extend for miles underground, and also National Academy of Sciences for his meritorious work in the possibly to take in caves not yet explored. application of science to the public welfare." The giving of park status to this area was of especial importance Mr. Lewis's death occurred August 26, 1930, at his home in Chevy in that it gave recognition to the fact that the Carlsbad area is one Chase, Md., following a long illness. Appointed superintendent of of the most spectacular of underground wonders in America and, Yosemite National Park in 1916, he served in that capacity for over probably, anywhere in the world. 11 years. For the first four years of this period, in addition to the ZION NATIONAL PARK administrative work and reorganization of park utilities, he acted as his own engineer and personally supervised all construction work. Zion National Park was enlarged to a total area of 148.26 square In 1927 ill health, brought on by his untiring devotion to his work, miles through the addition of 17,900 acres of land by act of Con- made necessary an extended leave. The following July he was gress approved June 13, 1930. appointed assistant to the director and later assistant director in the Through the addition of this new area, on the southeast, south, Washington headquarters in charge of the branch of lands. Hc and southwest boundaries of the park, offensive landscape condi- initiated the tremendously important work of acquiring the private tions near the park entrance can be eliminated. The upper section holdings in the national parks and played a large part in the recent of Clear Creek Valley, through which is located portion of the new purchase of the Yosemite sugar-pine holdings through the coopera- Zion-Mount Carmel Highway, was given protection, as were a num- tion of Mr. Rockefeller. Handicapped as he was by a serious malady, ber of excellent cliff ruins in the Parunuweap Canyon. Additional he was one of the biggest producers the Washington office ever had, camping space was also provided for visitors and some land added and was always smiling, happy, and courageous. which is suitable for the grazing of deer and mountain sheep, ani- So two of our beloved comrades have gone on ahead in the short mals native to the Zion region which had come near to extinction. span of less than a year. In addition to these very practical reasons for enlarging the park some of the territory added is of unusual scenic value. DEATH OF W. W. WYLIE, PARK PIONEER ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK W. W. Wylie, who in the eighties began the establishment of national-park accommodations for persons of small means, died in Through the addition of approximately 14,144 acres of land, the Los Angeles February 7, at the age of 82. Mr. Wylie first estab- area of Rocky Mountain National Park was increased to 400.52 lished the Wylic Way" system of camping in the Yellowstone. square miles. The extension was made by proclamation of President This was the forerunner of the lodge system still in use there. Many Hoover dated June 25, 1930, under authority of the act of Congress years later, but while these areas were comparatively unknown, he approved June 21. pioneered in the establishment of Wylie Way camps in Zion National This added to the park the headwaters of the Colorado River in Park and at the north rim of the Grand Canyon. the Never Summer Mountains, a magnificently scenic area. It is also of interest from a geological standpoint and topographically CHANGES IN THE NATIONAL PARK AND MONUMENT SYSTEM is a natural unit of the park. Through it will be constructed a portion of the new Trail Ridge Road. The total area of the national park system is now 12,431.63 square YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK miles, an increase of 313 square miles since the submission of the 1929 annual report. The total area of the monuments has decreased The pending adjustment of Yosemite boundaries, mentioned in from 3,728 square miles to 3.724.03. These changes were caused the thirteenth annual report, was put into effect by presidential partly by the establishment of new reservations and partly through proclamation dated April 14, 1930, and added 7,725.19 acres to the boundary revisions and eliminations. There are now 23 national park. This brought into the park impressive sugar-pine stands in parks and 32 national monuments. the watershed of the South Fork of the Tuolumne River, which were CARLSBAD CAVERNS GIVEN PARK STATUS threatened with imminent lumbering activities and which formed part of the land acquired in the great Yosemite timber deal de- The Carlsbad Cave National Monument was given park status scribed on page 16. A further addition of 960 acros in the Mather by act of Congress approved May 14, 1930, and its name changed section of the park was authorized by Congress during its last ses- to that of Carlsbad Caverns National Park. Its total area is now sion, but this has not yet been consummated. only slightly over one square mile, but the act giving park status also SERVICE ACADIA NATIONAL PARK The Acadia National Park was extended by the addition of 229 acres of land included in the Seawall Naval Radio Station, trans- ferred from the Navy Department to the Department of the In- terior, under congressional authority approved May 23, 1930. The land was no longer needed for naval purposes. A further addition of approximately 412 acres was added through the acceptance of deeds donated by George B. Dorr, superintendent of the park, and the Hancock County trustees of public reservations. The total area of the Acadia National Park is now 16.72 square miles. NEW GEORGE WASHINGTON BIRTHPLACE NATIONAL MONUMENT The act of Congress approved January 23, 1930, establishing the George Washington Birthplace National Monument and placing it under the administration of the National Park Service, marks the entrance of this Service into the field of preservation of historic places on a more comprehensive scale. The old homestead in which George Washington was born was destroyed by fire on Christmas Day, 1780, but parts of its founda- tions are still in place, and a study has been made of them and of old records SO that a house of the period and probable size in Photo by Lindley Eddy Studios which George Washington was born, and of the type used by families SCENE AT DEDICATION OF MOUNT WHITNEY TRAIL of Washington's circumstances, may be constructed and furnished by the time of the bicentennial celebration in 1932. Bricks for use in the construction work are now being made by hand at Wakefield from native clay. Work in connection with the house and surrounding grounds is being carried on by the National Park Service, in cooperation with the Wakefield National Memorial Association, to which is due the credit for the preservation of the grounds. In addition to arousing public opinion in favor of preserving Wakefield, the Memorial Association bought 100 acres of historic lands and in addition is spending approximately $50,000 on the project. This land is now being turned over to the Federal Government for administration as part of the monument. In recognition of this public-spirited action, Congress during the past year appropriated $80,000 for the Wakefield work, $30,000 for moving the granite shaft which has marked the birth site and other work, and $50,000 for construction of the house and improvement of the grounds. A further tract of approximately 254 acres of land, which was purchased by John D. Rockefeller, jr., to save it from commer- cialization, will also be turned over to the Government as part of the monument. When these transfers are completed the area of the George Washington Birthplace National Monument will be approxi- mately 365 acres. CRATERS OF THE MOON MONUMENT ENLARGED Photo by W. L. lluber Photo by W. L. Huber SCENES ALONG HIGH SIERRA TRAIL. SEQUOIA NATIONAL PARK. THIS TRAIL By presidential proclamation dated July 9, 1930, there was added WHEN COMPLETED WILL JOIN THE MOUNT WHITNEY TRAIL to the Craters of the Moon National Monument an area of 37 acres 0-1 containing a spring needed in connection with road construction and administration of the monument. 10 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 11 BRYCE CANYON NATIONAL PARK Meanwhile, to carry out the authorized protective measures, two Lands south and west of the Bryce Canyon National Park, com- assistant chief rangers have been assigned to the area. John T. Need- parable with it in scenic and scientific interest, were studied during ham, a trained park man from the West, has been placed in charge the summer by representatives of the National Park and Forest of the North Carolina area and Philip R. Hough, an experienced Services, with a view to recommending to President Hoover the addi- forester, in charge of the Tennessee portion. Later in the year it is tion of certain areas to the park. To expedite the adjustment of planned to transfer to the Great Smokies Supt. J. Ross Eakin, who boundaries, congressional authority was granted last June for the has been in charge of two of the major parks of the system during the addition of a total of 42,240 acres, or such part thereof as should be past nine years. At present he is superintendent of Glacier National found desirable, by presidential proclamation upon recommendation Park. Himself a West Virginian, Mr. Eakin has spent a great deal of the Secretaries of Agriculture and Interior. The land in question of time in the mountains of the South on engineering work for the lies within national forest boundaries. United States Geological Survey and is thoroughly familiar with the country and its people. His selection is believed, therefore, to be an EASTERN NATIONAL PARK AND MONUMENT PROJECTS exceptionally happy one. After January 1 it is planned to send a force of civil engineers, Excellent progress has been made during the year on the projects to landscape architects, and sanitary engineers into the area to study establish national parks in the East and to expand the work of the the many impending problems along their specialized lines. This National Park Service into the field of preservation of historic areas. will expedite development of the area when the necessary lands have Of especial interest are developments in the three park projects in been acquired. the southern Appalachians, authorized by Congress in 1926 upon Funds for this preliminary work and for the protective activities recommendation of the Southern Appalachian National Park Com- were carried in the second deficiency act of 1930. mission appointed by the Secretary of the Interior. One of the Most of the remaining area has been acquired or is under con- conditions precedent to the establishment of these parks was that the demnation by the State commissions engaged in the acquisition of lands within their proposed boundaries as outlined should be donated lands for this purpose, and it is hoped that within a very short time to the Federal Government in fee simple, without expense to the the development of the entire park as a great educational and recrea- United States. tional center may be undertaken. Field studies and examinations of all three areas were made during SHENANDOAH PROJECT the year by the Director and the Associate Director of the National Park Service. All possible assistance was also rendered by the staff In the effort to expedite the consummation of the Shenandoah of this Service to officials of the States interested in the successful project the minimum boundary lines of the proposed park have been culmination of the park plans. definitely established on the ground. This has enabled officials of Associate Director Arno B. Cammerer has been special representa- the State of Virginia to have a force of appraisers, working with tive of the Secretary of the Interior and contact man for the Service local commissioners, engaged in the appraisal of the land in order to in all matters affecting the acquisition of these several eastern park ascertain the exact cost of acquiring the lands needed for park projects. purposes. GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS PROJECT MAMMOTH CAVE PROJECT Partial realization of the project to establish the Great Smoky Through the efforts of the Mammoth Cave National Park Asso- Mountains National Park came with the presentation to the Secretary ciation in obtaining subscriptions of funds and gifts of land, and of the Interior of deeds to 158,876.50 acres of land in the Great the action of the State of Kentucky in authorizing funds of $1,500,- Smokies region. The presentation was made on February 6, 1930, by 000 for the purpose, sufficient money became available during the the Governors of North Carolina and Tennessee on behalf of their year to purchase the lands needed for the establishment of the park respective States. After examination of title and approval by the as authorized by act of Congress. Already some of the area has Attorney General of the United States, acceptance of the land on be- been acquired by the association, and steps are now being taken to half of the United States followed on August 28, 1930. secure the remainder for transfer to the United States. This action was made possible by the provision in the enabling act The law authorizing establishment of this park prescribes a mini- authorizing the Secretary to accept, for administration and protec- mum of 45,309 acres, including all the caves, for administration, pro- tion, an area of 150,000 acres within the boundaries of the proposed tection, and development out of a maximum total of 70,618 acres. park. Not until a total of about 427,000 acres specified by Congress A representative of the Service, acting as representative of the Depart- as the minimum area for full park status have been deeded to the ment, as a measure of cooperation with the State authorities, will lay Government and accepted will it be legal to develop the new park out the minimum taking lines on the ground. This was done in the along the lines of the great western parks. Such development, how- cases of the proposed Shenandoal and Great Smoky Mountains ever, will promptly follow the acceptance by the Government of the National Parks. total minimum area. 17448-30- 16 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 17 ELIMINATION OF PRIVATE HOLDINGS half cost, the railway in effect contributed to the purchase of the More progress was made during the past year in the acquisition of lands on a 50-50 basis. It is expected that this deal will be con- summated in the near future. private holdings in the national parks than at any time in the past. A tract of land 80 acres in extent in Lassen Volcanic National The biggest transaction was the Yosemite deal, in which 15,570 acres Park, valuable primarily because of the fact that extensions to the of land were involved and which cost approximately $3,300,000. Half park loop road were routed directly across it, has also been obtained of the cost of purchasing these lands was defrayed by John D. for the Government. Rockefeller, jr., the remainder coming from the fund provided by In addition to the new lands added to the Acadia Park, an area of Congress for the acquisition of private holdings in national parks, as 45 acres within its boundaries was acquired by the Government. outlined in the 1929 annual report. In the monument field a most important acquisition is in progress. It is impossible to overestimate the importance of this Yosemite In the Petrified Forest National Monument, with a total area of forest acquisition. It brought into perpetual Government owner- 25,908.4 acres, 12,792.74 acres are in private ownership, representing ship the finest remaining stands of sugar-pine timber in the original railroad land grants occupying alternate sections through- area and reduced the total area of private holdings in that park to out the monument. This naturally procludes effective administration 5,034 acres. This total will be materially reduced when two pending deals are consummated. A tract containing 640 acres is now in and also makes impossible the construction of an adequate road and trail system to make the principal features of the monument available course of acquisition with funds contributed by George A. Ball, of Muncie, Ind., as is another of about 380 acres, half the funds for the to the visiting public. When the matter was brought to its attention the New Mexico & Arizona Land Co., owners of the private holdings, latter transaction being contributed through the cooperation of Dr. Don Tresidder, president of the Yosemite Park & Curry Co. agreed to exchange the monument lands for other Government-owned Additional timber holdings in the Tuolumne River watershed- lands in Navajo and Apache Counties, Ariz. Authority for this ex- fine stands of sugar and yellow pine-remain in private ownership change was carried in the act of Congress approved by the President May 14, 1930. The private holdings in the monument have already outside the park. One can not help regretting that they are im- periled, and it is hoped by all friends of these majestic forests that been appraised and the company has been requested to select the lands they may yet be saved. it wishes to take in exchange, in order that further appraisals and In order that the beauty of the Big Oak Flat Road may be unim- final exchange may be made. paired arrangements have been made between the Sugar Pine Lum- To further expedite the elimination of private holdings an appro- ber Co., the Forest Service, the State, and the Park Service to pre- priation of $1,750,000 was carried in the 1931 Interior Department serve the roadsides through selective cutting of the larger trees and appropriation act for the acquisition of privately owned lands and careful removal of any trees that are taken out. Particularly inter- standing timber in the national parks and monuments, this fund to esting and valuable stands of timber which should be preserved un- remain available until expended. In addition, authority was given to touched will be made the subject of exchanges between the Forest use not to exceed $200,000 of the unexpended balance of appropria- Service and the Sugar Pine Lumber Co. tions heretofore made for this purpose in full payment of the pur- A gratifying start has also been made toward eliminating the pri- chase price of certain lands, with the understanding that the funds vately owned lands in Glacier National Park. Efforts have been later would be matched on a 50-50 basis by subsequent donations. directed particularly toward the region at the foot of Lake While these funds were used to the best possible advantage in Glacier McDonald, where unsightly conditions as well as perplexing adminis- National Park, there still remains considerable property to be trative problems prevailed. About 60 per cent of these lands have acquired in the Lake McDonald section. been acquired or are in process of acquisition. An allotment of At this time I wish earnestly to recommend that in the future pro- $198,000 of private-land funds was made available for this purpose vision be made for the purchase of these private holdings 100 per cent during the year. Further funds will be needed to complete the from Government funds. Much as I appreciate the cooperation of eliminations in this section. the public-spirited people who have assisted us SO generously in the Important among the Glacier transactions is the deal to acquire past, I feel that it should not be necessary to ask for private dona- tions to save lands of national value. the Lewis Hotel property, near the head of Lake McDonald, which is now in process of completion. The Glacier Park Hotel Co. EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS has cooperated with the Government on a 50-50 basis in acquiring this important private tract. Two lots in Glacier Park were also Coordination of all educational opportunities in the national parks purchased, at a total cost of $1,000, through the cooperation of and national monuments will be greatly facilitated by the recent Hon. George R. Beach, Nathan Porter, George F. Perkins, J. Lester establishment of a branch of education and research in the Washing- Parsons, and Harrie V. Schieren in matching the Federal funds. ton office. Authority and funds for this purpose were carried in the The Northern Pacific Railway Co. has agreed to transfer back 1931 Interior Department appropriation act. This was one of the to the United States approximately 304.85 acres of railway holdings practical results of the investigations and recommendations of the in Mount Rainier National Park, upon payment from Government Secretary's committee on study of educational problems in national funds of one-half the cost of the lands. By waiving the remaining parks. 18 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Dr. Harold C. Bryant of Berkeley, Calif., was appointed chief of the new branch and assigned to natural history research problems in the field during the summer. He took up his duties in Washington late in September. Dr. Wallace R. Atwood was appointed assistant chief of the branch of education. The National Park Service considers itself fortunate in securing the services of these men to further its work along popular educa- tional lines. Doctor Bryant is outstanding in the fields of natural history and conservation. Ten years ago he assisted in the initiation of nature guide work in Yosemite National Park, through the coop- eration of the California State Fish and Game Commission. So successful was the new endeavor, and SO great the demand for similar service, that it rapidly spread to other parks and eventually led to the establishment of the new branch. Throughout this entire period Doctor Bryant has been connected with the work. The enlarged program of educational activities of the National Park Service is based upon the following main general policies: 1. Simple, understandable interpretation of the major features of each park to the public by means of field trips, lectures, exhibits, and literature. 2. Emphasis upon leading the visitor to study the real thing itself rather than utilizing second-hand information. Cut and dried aca- Photo by Lindley Eddy Studios demic methods must be avoided. PEOPLE FROM AN AUTO CARAVAN AT MORO ROCK. SEQUOIA NATIONAL PARK 3. Utilization of a highly trained personnel with field experience, able to interpret to the public the laws of the universe as exemplified in the parks, and able to develop concepts of the laws of life useful to all. 4. A research program which will furnish a continuous supply of dependable facts suitable for use in connection with the educational program. Proper interpretation by ranger naturalists in accordance with the above policies is dependent on accurate scientific knowledge sup- plied by the specialist. The proper background of information will be built up by securing the cooperation of universities, scientific insti- tutions, and scientific men in solving the numerous geologic and biologic problems which present themselves. Research along these lines carried on during the past season is outlined on pages 24, 25, and 26. The interest displayed by visitors in the educational work has attracted to this branch of the Service men of keen scientific attain- ments. trained in explaining to others the earth and life sciences, both of which are so prominently exemplified in the principal fea- tures of the parks. The educational staff is still undermanned. but expansions made during the past season were a step in the right direction, and it is hoped to further increase the staff during the coming year. This is necessary both to meet the public demand for conducted nature tours and lectures and to enable the naturalists to spend a certain amount of time in scientific research. ACTIVITIES OF EDUCATIONAL COMMITTEE Photo by Grant MESA VERDE AUTO CARAVAN LEAVING PARK HEADQUARTERS FOR TRIP TO The committee on the study of educational problems in the national RUINS 18-1 parks, appointed by the Secretary of the Interior for a term of two years to make an intensive study into problems in the educational field, continued to function during the past year and to be of great assistance to the National Park Service. Results of field studies dur- ing the 1929 season by various members of the committee gave a general review of practically the entire park and monument field. Reports on these activities were submitted as follows: Atwood, W. W., Glacier, Grand Teton, and Yellowstone National Parks. Bryant, 11. C., Yosemite, Grand Canyon, Sequoia, and Lasseu Volcanic National Parks. Bumpus, H. C., Acadia and Yellowstone National Parks. Kellogg, Vernon, Rocky Mountain National Park. Merriam, J. C., Grand Canyon, Sequoia, Yosemite, Crater Lake, and Mount Rai- nier National Parks. Oastler, Fr. R., Isle Royale, Rocky Mountain, Mount Rainier, Yellowstone, Bryce Canyon, Mesa Verde, Grand Teton, Zion, Grand Canyon, McKinley, Aztec Ruins, Pueblo Bonito, Casa Grande, Bandelier, Petrifled Forest, Glacier Bay, and Mount Olympus. Wissler, Clark, Mesa Verde, Aztec Ruins, El Morro, Gran Quivira, Bandelier, also various archeological areas which are of importance in connection with studies of the national parks and monuments. At its meeting on November 26 and 27, 1929, held in the Interior Department Building, examination was made of the entire group of reports for the purpose of determining and considering questions TRAIL HUB, PARADISE VALLEY, MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK believed to be of fundamental importance in the development of the major features of the educational program in national parks. The decision was reached that further studies should be made through practical contacts with operations in the national parks, and various members of the committee visited the parks during the 1930 season. Reports of these investigations are not yet available. The committee ATTENTION! again met in Washington on May 9. FREE GOVENMENT SERVICE The word "education," as applied to a particular branch of national-park activities, has at times seemed open to misinterpreta- TIME OF HIKES AND LECTURES ALL HIKES START FROM OLD FAITHFUL CONE tion, as perhaps implying the formal type of education dispensed in - MORNING - institutions of learning. As used in the parks, it implies imparting per AM GREATEN to the visitor something which is a blending of the recreational, GEYSER HOUNS 10% AM GEYSER HILL NOUN intellectual, and spiritual. At the request of the Director of the AF TERNOON- National Park Service, therefore, the committee on education gave 120 PM GEYSEN HILL NIKE I HOUR serious consideration to the possibility of using some other term than 230 PM GREATER GEYSER HOURS 300 PM NATURE TRAIL "education" to define the educational functions in terms of use and 320 PM GEYSER HILL I NOUR enjoyment of the national parks. Discussion, however, finally led EVENINGS - to the conclusion that, while this word in some measure may be dis- 700 P.M. SHARP BEAR LECTURES advantageous in connection with a program for use of the parks by FEEDING BEARS AT BEAR FEEDING GROUNDS 84PM ILLUSTRATED LECTURE-AT MUSEUM the whole people, no other name has been suggested which seems 9001'M OR AFTER-SHORT LECTURE AT more desirable. ILLUMINATED ERUPTION OF In this connection it was stressed that the educational activities OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER. II.S.N.P'S of the National Park Service should be limited to those aspects of guidance of visitors concerning particularly the use of the parks involved, and that they should not extend to the teaching of subjects not illustrated in exceptional manner by the national parks. MUSEUMS Museum activities in the national parks continued to expand at SIGN PLACED NEAR OLD FAITHFUL CONE. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK an interesting pace. To expedite the work a field naturalist was 18-2 appointed and assigned to the special field of museum planning and technique. The Yellowstone Museum development, made possible under the grant of $118,000 secured two years ago by the American Associa- NATIONAL PARK SERVICE tion of Museums from the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, of a replica of an early Indian camp. Here an old squaw demon- into was continued and two additional museum units completed and strated basket weaving, cooking, and other Indian activities. Basin use during the season. These were located at Norris Geyser put The museums at Lassen Volcanic and Hawaii National Parks con- and Madison Junction. In the latter the history of the Yel- tinued to function as important features of the educational work. lined, while the former contains exhibits of petrology, geochem- lowstone up to and including the establishment of the park is out- The collections in the temporary museums at Zion, Glacier, Sequoia, Mount Rainier, and Rocky Mountain National Parks were increased nomena. the Old Further exhibits of hydrothermal activity were added to istry, volcanism, and physiography explanatory of the near-by phe- during the year and again proved their popularity. It is important that permanent structures to house these collections be obtained as A Faithful Museum which was opened to the public last promptly as possible. In Sequoia Park in particular the extensive and new trail-side museum to be located near Fishing Bridge at Lake year. and valuable exhibits collected by Judge Walter Fry should be a trail-side shrine at Obsidian Cliff are the projects now under housed in a fireproof building. early next spring. way. These new museum buildings will be ready for occupancy A temporary museum was also started at the Grand Teton National observation station and museum on the south rim of the Grand The installation and arrangement of exhibits in the Yavapai Point Park to display specimens of the flora and fauna of the region. Museum collections are on view at the Aztec Ruins, Casa Grande, erected Canyon were brought to completion. Telescopes and field Chaco Canyon, Gran Quivira, Montezuma Castle, Petrified Forest, with to show points of special geologic significance, glasses, and Tumacacori National Monuments, all in the southwestern group. the exhibits, unfold to the visitor iu an absorbingly interesting together While some of the exhibits were donated from private sources, most of them were excavated on the ground. It has been found from small way the story of the Grand Canyon. The story told in brief by experience that visitors are unusually interested in this latter type inside expanded by means of transparencies, exhibits, and motion pictures is exhibits along the parapet where the canyon itself is in view of exhibit. During the year plans previously prepared for adequate museum tion and installation of exhibits in this museum were obtained from the inuseum. As reported previously, funds for the construc- buildings at Rocky Mountain National Park and the Casa Grande and Petrified Forest National Monuments were carefully studied and the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial by Dr. John C. Merriam, revised in the light of fuller experience and understanding of local president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington and chairman needs. of the educational committee on national parks, who has spent The interesting Indian museum established near the Sieur de great deal of time and thought on this project. Plans were also a Monts Spring in Acadia National Park was deeded to the Govern- drawn for the erection of a small museum near Lipan Point, for ment during August. A perpetual lease for its maintenance and which funds have been pledged by Mrs. Winifred MacCurdy as operation was given the museum trustees by the Government, as the contribution of The Medallion' of Pasadena. The Gila Pueblo of a trustees hold an endowment fund of $60,000 for this purpose. An The Medallion was engaged in research work at Lipan Point dur- archeologist is in charge of the museum. ing the summer in an effort to obtain museum material. A. general When a suitable museum can be constructed at the Pinnacles museum was also opened at park headquarters, the old administration National Monument an excellent private collection of Indian artifacts building having been converted for this purpose, and a large room at will be donated to the United States. the Grand Canyon Lodge on the north rim, through the courtesy of museum. the Utah Parks Co., was fitted up and utilized as a temporary GUIDED TRIPS AND LECTURES by the erection of several additional units and by the installation of The unique museum at Mesa Verde National Park was augmented An outstanding feature in the popularization of the educational features of the parks and monuments is the guided trips. The newly excavated archeological material of prime importance. This walking trips, under the escort of a park naturalist or ranger-natural- in the United States. muscum in its especial field is said to be among the most valuable ist, are routed through areas rich in the particular natural phenomena exemplified in the park in question, and the objects of interest along Plans were drawn for the Sinnott Memorial at Crater Lake the way pointed out and explained. The guided trips vary in length National Park with funds appropriated by Congress for this par- throughout the national park system from a few hours to those of ticular purpose. Actual construction will be undertaken during the several days' duration extending into the mountainons back country. fall of 1930. This little observation station is planned to honor the Despite the increase in the educational personnel last year, it was memory of the late Representative Nicholas J. Sinnott. of Oregon, not sufficient adequately to handle the large crowds desiring to take who did SO much for Crater Lake Park. Meantime, museum collec- the nature trips, since the demand for this type of service increased in tions were installed in the community building at the rim of Crater even greater proportions. Unquestionably this service is unique and Lake, and these were viewed by a large number of visitors. one of the most popular rendered in the national parks. Increasing An interesting new development in connection with the Yosemite attention must be given to it as the years go by if the public demand Museum was the establishment, in an open area back of the museum, is to be met satisfactorily. plane survey was made of Yellowstone National Park by an ento- inologist from the Coeur d'Alene station of the bureau. A gratify- ingly low degree of infestation was observed in this area. No epi- demic infestations were found in the Yosemite, although there were some endemic attacks in restricted areas. There were numerous outbreaks of infestations in the forests in some of the other parks, however, requiring considerable control work. A serious epidemic of beetle infestation occurred in Glacier Park in the spring and control measures are being pushed against it. Another serious infestation in Crater Lake Park is now yielding to intensive control measures. A bark beetle attack in Sequoia National Park was studied during the season and park rangers were trained by bureau entomologists in the detection and recognition of the insects and methods of con- trol, preparatory to an intensive eradication campaign next year. In Zion National Park the ash-tree caterpillar was again in evidence and caused some concern. Control measures were taken by blister-rust control experts of the Bureau of Plant Industry in the Pacific Northwest. A campaign of eradication of wild-currant and gooseberry bushes was carried on in sections of Mount Rainier National Park, where the white pine has been attacked. As is well known, the blister rust is transmitted to the trees from these bushes. White pines are not abundant in Mount Rainier, but in some areas they are of unusual scenic value. REARING PONDS, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. CAPACITY 250,000 LARGE TROUT PRESERVATION OF PARK LANDSCAPE With larger use of the national parks and the resultant increase in the construction of facilities, the importance of careful planning in order to preserve the natural landscape has become more and more apparent. To enable it to handle the increased responsibilities upon it, the personnel of the landscape architectural division was enlarged during the year. Nineteen-thirty is important in the annals of this division as the year in which the fruits of its labors to protect the roadside and the natural landscape generally during road and trail construction be- came definitely apparent, to the casual visitor as well as to the specialist. There is now a distinct contrast between carefully planned park roads and others planned on a strictly engineering basis. The cooperation of the road engineers aided greatly in achieving this result. An interesting study of the season was that of the Mammoth Hot Springs headquarters area in Yellowstone National Park. This was made jointly by the landscape architectural division and Maj. Gil- more D. Clarke, landscape architect of the Westchester County Park Commission of Bronxville, N. Y. Major Clarke represented a com- mittee of the New York chapter of the American Society of Land- scape Architects, which has been cooperating in the study of this major problem. The resultant plan for the area is now being care- fully studied. A landscape study was also made of the Rocky Mountain National 30-1 REARING PONDS, GLACIER NATIONAL PARK Park region for the purpose of working out the final boundaries to be recommended for the park and of means of restoring the natural landscape. Major Clarke, Charles W. Eliot, 2d, of the National Capi- tal Park and Planning Commission of Washington, Chief Landscape Architect Vint, and Assistant Landscape Architect Peterson made this study, accompanied by Superintendent Rogers and myself. The operators of the park public utilities did little in the way of major extensions during the year. Nevertheless, their efforts from a landscape point of view were most important, since they were directed toward picking up loose ends and generally giving a more finished appearance to their facilities. Also the lack of big projects on hand gave them opportunity properly to appraise what has been done in the past and to plan more carefully for future developments. As a matter of cooperation with the Treasury Department the landscape architectural division prepared plans for a customs and immigration building at Babb-Piegan, Mont. The Bureau of Cus- toms requested the preparation of such a design in order that its structure might be in keeping with those of Glacier National Park. Construction of the customs building will be carried out by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury. Recently a member of the landscape force was transferred to the East, to assist in the development of the George Washington Birth- place National Monument, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (proposed), and the proposed Colonial National Monument. REFORESTATION Courtesy Bear Photo Service Twelve hundred three-year-old western yellow-pine trees were MOUNT HARKNESS LOOKOUT STATION. LASSEN VOLCANIC NATIONAL PARK planted in the Aspenglen camp section of Rocky Mountain National Park during the year in cooperation with various local organizations. It is hoped that this will become an annual event. In Sequoia National Park the nursery at Ash Mountain for the propagation of sequoia seedlings and other plants was extended. The nursery for reforestation in Acadia National Park was continued. SANITATION AND MEDICAL SERVICE Perhaps the most important problem confronting the National Park Service, in its contacts with the public, is the furnishing of adequate sanitary conveniences. This includes the supervision of the sanitary arrangements of the hotels and lodges, the installation of the proper facilities at the public camp grounds and other centers, the furnishing of pure water, mosquito and fly control. and other related matters. In several of the larger national parks the great number of visitors using the park facilities during the summer season gives rise to conditions similar to those of a fair-sized town. In order that the best service possible may be available along these lines, the National Park Service has entered into an arrange- ment with the Public Health Service whereby one of its most com- petent engineers has been detailed entirely to national park' sanita- tion work. Other assistance has been rendered as needed. NORTH FORK FIRE CACHE. GLACIER NATIONAL PARK The Public Health Service also continued to cooperate by detailing 30-2 one of its senior surgeons to serve as the superintendent of the Hot Springs National Park. Bacteriological examination of water sup- 34 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE skating experts gave special exhibitions in addition to the numerous construction during the 1929 working season $1,000,000 in cash and contests held. A ski lodge was maintained at Snow Creek, both for authorization of $2,500,000 for entering into contractual obligations. the use of those enjoying snow sports in that area and as a snowshoe The road appropriation for the 1931 fiscal year is continued on a rest house on the winter route to the Tuolumne area. basis of $5,000,000 in cash and authorizations totaling $2,500,000. with their moderate climates, are excellent winter resorts. Zion, Hawaii, Grand Canyon, Hot Springs, and Platt National Parks, As only one-half of the 1931 cash had been obligated during the 1929 construction season, the 1930 construction season program provides Acadia, and Wind Cave National Parks also were accessible during $2,500,000 in cash and $2,500,000 in authorizations. the winter although in the present stage of development they offer During the 1930 working season, in those parks located within no special inducements to the visitor at this time of the year and areas where unemployment was most prevalent, it was possible to assist in the relief of this situation to soine extent by advancing calls have no accommodations. for proposals and accelerating contract placements. With unusually APPROPRIATIONS AND REVENUES favorable operating conditions throughout the summer the expendi- ture of a larger sum of money than available would have been pos- The total appropriations for the National Park Service for the sible and would have been productive of results to an unusual degree. fiscal year 1930 totaled $7,813,817.18. Of this amount, $209,996.18 Our plans are being developed on a basis that permits an enlarged authorized in the first deficiency act of March 26, 1930, and program whenever additional funds are made available. was $5,381 in the second deficiency act of July 3, 1930. In addition, for Wherever possible Indians were employed as laborers on road and authorization was granted to enter into contractual obligations other construction work and also on some specialized work. Navajos, road work up to $2,500,000. It is especially gratifying to report that Havasupais, Hualpais, and Apaches were used during the past the cash donations to the national parks for the fiscal year ended season. Next year it is planned to extend the employment of Indian June 30, 1930, amounted to $1,781,453.05. These funds were depos- labor, bringing in Indians from other tribes as this proves feasible. ited in the United States Treasury and expended under the same PARK APPROACH ROADS fiscal regulations which govern in expenditure of Federal funds. For the fiscal year 1931 there was appropriated $9,999,135, of which Public Law No. 90, approved April 7, 1930, provides for speeding amount $65,000 was authorized in the first deficiency act of March up the Federal road-building program, authorizations for appropria- 26, 1930, and $45,000 in the second deficiency act of July 3, 1930. tions for Federal aid being increased for the fiscal years 1931, 1932, Authority also was granted to enter into contractual obligations on and 1933 from $75,000,000 to $125,000,000. By Public Law No. 179, road work up to $2,500,000. :approved May 5, the authorization for appropriations for construc- Despite the downward revision of automobile-entrance fees effec- tion of national-forest roads and trails was increased from $7,500,000 tive during the 1926 season, resulting in a decrease of revenues total to to $12,500,000 for the same three-year period. The annual appropria- $703,849.60, as compared with $826,454.17 received in 1925, the tions for construction of roads and trails in national parks are now income derived from the operation of the national parks this year on the basis of $5,000,000 annually. for the first time reached the million-dollar mark; the exact amount At present, although the national parks are the great lodestones being $1,015,740.56. of travel to the West, no provision is made for speeding up construc- The increased appropriations for the operation of the national in tion of national-park approach roads whose primary value is to parks and national monuments; the unusual degree of interest and carry this national-park travel. In connection with forest roads these activities as reflected by donations from private sources; which are of primary importance to the States, counties, or communi- the ever-increasing popularity of the areas under the jurisdiction the of ties, provision in law is made for their construction within, adjoin- the National Park Service, as attested both in the revenues and ing, or adjacent to the national forests. The annual road and trail attendance records, all served to mark 1930 as the most successful appropriations for the national parks and monuments are limited year in the history of the National Park Service. to construction of roads and trails within these areas. From a business standpoint and with a view to a balanced pro- PARK ROAD DEVELOPMENT gram, it would appear essential to provide for financing the con- struction of the necessary approach roads in order that the maximum and national monuments in cooperation with the Bureau of Public Major road construction work was continued in the national parks usefulness of the national parks may be enjoyed. With the speeding up of the Federal-aid and national-forest road Roads of the Department of Agriculture. For the 1930 fiscal year programs, and with the possibility of additional aid for approach $5,000,000 in cash was appropriated for the construction, reconstruc- roads, there is danger of the park-road program falling behind. tion, and improvement of roads and trails, with additional authority With plans well advanced for economical expenditure of whatever granted to enter into contractual obligations to the extent of $2,500,- sum may be granted, a construction authorization of at least 000. Of the $5,000,000 cash appropriation, $4,000,000 was expended the $6,000,000 annually would provide a better balanced and coordinated for payment under the contractual authorization provision in for program. 1929 appropriation act. There remained available, therefore, GAAJUAAL PARK SERVICE PUBLICATIONS The educational developments of the past two years have SO awakened interest in national parks and monuments that the demand for literature regarding them has grown notably. Last year it was SO great that a number of the free publications were exhausted some time before the 1930 supplies became available. At the present time several of the 1930 booklets are nearing the zero point, and we are again faced with a shortage of publications after the 1st of Janu- ary, and perhaps sooner. The superintendent of Grand Canyon has just reported that his annual supply of circulars on that park should be increased 50 per cent to enable him to meet the demands of visitors to that area. The same condition prevails in most of the larger parks. There is also a crying need for publications on the fauna, flora, and other natural features of the parks. Larger appropria- tions for printing and binding, therefore, are imperative if we are to serve the public to the fullest degree. Several years ago it was necessary to discontinue supplying motor- ing organizations, travel clubs, and other such organizations with supplies of park circulars adequate to meet the requests of prospec- tive travelers calling at their offices. Through an arrangement made with the Superintendent of Documents of the Government Printing Office his office now quotes prices on these bulletins in large quanti- GARBAGE INCINERATOR, STANDARD DESIGN, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK ties, and this Service circularizes information regarding them to the interested clubs. The result is that a number of organizations have ordered supplies of Government booklets and issued them to visitors in their localities. While this in a slight measure relieves the pres- sure upon the Service, we are still far behind our normal yearly requirements. The National Parks Portfolio, issued by this Service and sold through the Superintendent of Documents, continued to be the Gov- ernment's best seller. The sale of this and other special park bulletins is now pushed in the museums and information offices of the various national parks, with the result that greatly increased receipts are turned over to the Superintendent of Documents. RECLASSIFICATION AND REORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE An appeal was made by the Secretary of the Interior from the action of the Personnel Classification Board in designating the Na- tional Park Service a major bureau" instead of one of " the largest and most important bureaus " of the Department, with the result that the Classification Board, upon careful review of the entire matter, classified the Service as one of the most important bureaus of the Department of the Interior. Later there was a reorganization and redistribution of the work of the headquarters office of the Service. and a reclassification of the SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT. GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK. AVERAGE staff officers to bring their in similar posi- OF 120.644 GALLONS OF WATER RECLAIMED EACH DAY 36-1 As nor constituted there are four major branches was under the supervision of a staff officer. Under the branch of operations, headed by Senior Assistant Director Demaray, come all the financial affairs REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 37 accounts divisions. of the bureau. including the accounting, personnel, and operators' The branch of use, law, and regulation, under Assistant to the Director Moskey, is charged with all matters regarding legislation, contracts, permits. leases and other agreements, and rules and regulations. The branch of lands, which was headed by the late Assistant Dirce- tor Lewis, is charged with the handling of all land matters and the administration of the national monuments. Under it is the division of mapping. The new branch of education. headed by Assistant Director Bryant, is charged with coordinating and supervising all the educational and research work of the Service, including the nature-guide, lecture, and museum work. Under it comes the division of publications. which handles the editorial and publicity work and the distribution of publications. Several new positions were authorized for the 1931 fiscal year, among them the position of land expert mentioned elsewhere in this report. This necessitated increased quarters. Further space will be needed soon if the service is to expand along the most efficient lines. SNOGO PLOW OPERATING IN 9 FEET OF SNOW ON RIM ROAD IN CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK PUBLIC-UTILITY SERVICE A conference of the operators of the public utilities in the national parks was held in Washington last December at the invitation of the Secretary of the Interior. An outstanding accomplishment of this meeting was the formation of an organization of operators to work together for their mutual benefit and for the best interests of the visiting public. Strong emphasis was placed upon the need for comparative uni- formity in the service rendered. It is not intended that the parks should be in any way standardized, for a great part of their charm lies in their individuality. Uniformity in types of accommodations furnished and prices charged is most desirable, however, if the vis- itor to several different parks is to be thoroughly satisfied. Study by Service officials. was given this matter during the year, both by the operators and The necessity of the operators submitting to the Government plans of operation and expansion over a five-year period was also stressed, in order that the National Park Service and the operators, working together, may provide the public with the best possible facilities for enjoying the parks. It is especially important that the service have before it information as to the operators plans for the future when making up its own budget for roads, trails, and camp grounds. It is a pleasure to report close cooperation from the operators during the year, both in meeting the request for five-year plans and in expansion of existing facilities as needed. FROZEN LAKE, IN MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK. WHICH IS THE WATER While practically all the operators have submitted their five-year SUPPLY FOR THE NEW YAKIMA PARK DEVELOPMENT programs, it was not possible for them to completely carry out their 36--2 first-year program owing to disappointment in business this year. Few big undertakings were advanced, owing to inability to finance them satisfactorily. Despite the fact that travel was heavy, the bility for preserving from its vast, though rapidly disappearing, to advocate extensive national parks there. A very interesting natural scenic resources representative areas that may serve as report was received during the year from the Tongariro National breathing spaces for its future citizens. Park Board of New Zealand. England and Scotland are also interested in the national-park PARK DEVELOPMENTS ABROAD idea. There is now a Prime Minister's Committee on National Parks to study the situation and make recommendations. At pres- The National Park Service has continued to take a keen interest ent the proposal to give the Forest of Dean in England and the in foreign national-park development, particularly in view of the Scottish Cairngorms national-park status is under consideration. fact that many foreign countries have appealed to the United States Other areas that have been suggested are the English Lakes, Dart- for information to be used in modeling their own park systems upon moor, the Pembroke Coast, the High Peak, and the South Downs. ours. Again the point has been brought out that to the British mind the In officially inaugurating the work of the commission in charge of word parks " denotes a more circunscribed area than our national the Albert National Park in the Belgian Congo, King Albert of parks and one more highly developed for amusements. The title Belgium last fall paid high tribute to the national-part activities 'national domain' " has been suggested, among others, for British of the United States, which, he said had inspired and set an example parks. to all the world in the work of preserving the public domain for The first annual report on the national parks in Poland was re- future generations. He referred at length to his own visit to several ceived during the year, and was exceedingly interesting. In men- parks of this country. A further study of these areas was made by tioning the service rendered in the Tatras reference is made to the a member of the Belgian foreign office, with a view to obtaining in- motto above the north entrance gate to Yellowstone National Park, formation which would be helpful in administering the Albert " For the benefit and enjoyment of the people." This seems to have National Park. been adopted for the Polish parks also. When it was establishing A game preserve, to protect elephants, buffalo, antelope, and other its parks, the Government of Poland requested data and guidance native animals, was established in the Oriental Province of the Bel- from the United States, and this Service has followed their progress gian Congo. It is hoped later to make this a complete nature reserve, with the keenest interest. administered on the same principle as the Albert Park. The Dominion Government has continued the development of the LEGISLATION Canadian national parks and the reserving of historic sites of national importance. Many people now include in one trip visits to several. The following is a summary of legislation affecting the National Dominion and United States national parks. The interesting nature- Park Service pending or considered in the second session of the guide work introduced in the Canadian parks during the past season Seventy-first Congress: already has been referred to under the section on educational activi- BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW ties. Along historic lines the recent preservation as a national his- toric site of the Southwold Earthworks, in Ontario, is interesting. The first deficiency act of March 26, 1930 (Public, No. 78), carried These ruined fortifications are declared by Canadian archeologists- appropriations for the National Park Service, as follows: and officials of the Smithsonian Institution to be the only existing Crater Lake National Park, insect-control work $12,000 double-walled Indian fortifications in America. They were built by Yellowstone National Park, as a reimbursement to appropriations used the Attiwandaronk or Neutral Nation of Indians, who were driven in administration of the Grand Teton National Park and for expenses from Ontario by the militant Iroquois about 1650. Canada has a paid in connection with the Yellowstone Park Boundary Commission. 17,000 National Parks Association to support the preservation of the George Washington Birthplace National Monument, Wakefield, Va., $15,000 for moving to a new site the monument marking the place national parks. where George Washington was born, and $50,000 for payment to the Interesting from the standpoint of conservation is the Quetico- Wakefield Memorial Association for use in restoring the house and Superior project, to protect the Rainy Lake watershed by combin- grounds of the birthplace 65,000 ing the Superior National Forest in Minnesota and the Quetico Emergency reconstruction and fighting forest fires 180,000 Provincial Park in Ontario in one vast international wilderness This act also authorized the use of $4,500 of the 1930 appropriation sanctuary. Legislation was enacted at the last session of Congress for Bryce Canyon National Park for the completion of a superin- giving authority to proceed with the working out of the problem tendent's residence at Zion National Park. in the United States. The Interior Department appropriation act for the fiscal year In Australia a proposal has been made for the establishment of ending June 30, 1931 (Public, No. 217, approved May 14, 1930), the New England National Park, on the New England Plateau in carried appropriations of $9,889.135 for the National Park Service in the Guy Fawkes region. Proponents of the plan, which is sponsored Washington and for the administration, protection, maintenance, by the Wild Life Preservation Society of Australia, say that this and improvement of the various parks and monuments, as well as area comprises some of the grandest and wildest scenery of their for the construction of roads and trails therein. Included in this country. The State of Queensland has a National Park Association 17448-30-4 66 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 67 NATIONAL PARKS TABLE 11.-Statement of appropriations made for, and revenues received from, the various national parks and national monuments, and ex- NATIONAL PARKS TABLE 11.-Statement of appropriations made for, and revenies penditures made therefrom during the fiscal years 1917-1930,4 inclusive; also received from, the various national parks and national monuments, and ex- appropriations for the fiscal year 1931 penditures made therefrom during the fiscal years 1917-1930,1 inclusive; also appropriations for the fiscal year 1931-Continued. Appropriations Revenue Appropriations Revenue Name of tho national park Appropri- Expended Received ated Expended Name of the national park Appropri- ated Expended Received Expended Acadia (formerly Lafayette): 1919 2 $10,000.00 $9,972.42 Glacior-Continued. 1920 10,000.00 9,930.06 1929 $188,200.00 1921 20,000.00 19,997.73 1929 (deficiency) 5,065.00 $191,061.00 $18,436. 1922 25,000.00 24,992.99 1930 219,400.00 215,726.91 22,146.10 1923 25,000.00 24,819.20 1931 227,000.00 1924 30,000.00 29,785.89 1930-31 (deficiency) 9,550.00 1925 34,700.00 2,820.00 37,258.20 Great Smoky Mountains: 1930-31 (deficiency) 30,000.00 1925 (deficiency) Grand Canyon: 1926 34,190.00 33,636.66 1919 525.03 1927 34,000.00 33,014.22 (3) 1920 40,000.00 39,874.27 399.32 1928 37,940.00 37,376.99 1921 60,000.00 59,948.45 8,305.43 1929 30,000.00 10,014.00 1922 100,000.00 99,966.55 4,872.02 1929 (deficiency) 1,355.00 1923 75,000.00 73,906.35 7,508.72 1930 52,600.00 48,701.52 1924 125,400.00 124,798.40 12,655.42 1931 59,900.00 1925 (without year) 100,000.00 63,757.24 Bryce Canyon: 1925 116,000.00 1930 26,100.00 21,580.01 1925 (deficiency) 4,360.00 115,908.64 12,550.06 1931 13,700.00 1926 192,360.00 189,579.00 15,800.45 Crater Lake: 1927 132,000.00 127,097.12 41,300.12 1917 8,000.00 7,999.88 $4,565.25 1928 128,760.00 128,268.33 46,097.43 1918 15,000.00 14,738.44 5,505.72 1929 169,000.00 1919 13,225.00 13,203.84 5,958.21 (3) 1929 (deficiency) 3,540.00 151,813.00 49,078.3 1920 28,225.00 28,162.05 8,327.73 1930 145,000.00 141,389.56 55,684.46 1921 25,300.00 25,223.40 9,784.98 1931 153,000.00 1922 25,300.00 25,290.41 15,277.53 Grand Teton: 1923 32,000.00 31,787.77 18,139.75 1929 25.0 1924 35,000.00 34,822.5 30,495.93 1930 70.00 1925 30,700.00 32,613.30 39,789.49 1931 30,700.00 1925 (deficiency) 1,980.00 Hawaii: 1926 35,980.00 35,865.20 41,486.50 1919 750.00 731.40 1927 37,160.00 36,733.05 20,232.00 1920 750.00 747.52 1928 63,590.00 62,382.53 22,927.69 1921 1,000.00 125.00 1929 47,100.00 24,318.22 1922 61,464.00 10,000.00 9,645.16 1929 (deficiency) 850.00 1923 10,000.00 9,969.03 775.00 1930 59,800.00 38,023.70 1924 67,938.75 10,000.00 9,658.74 1,460.00 1930 (deficiency) 12,000.00 1925 10,000.00 1931 73,300.00 1925 (deficiency) 1,260.00 9,463.09 760.00 General Grant: 1926 15,560.00 13,349.54 2,450.00 1917 2,000.00 1,999.55 1,153.78 $536.97 1927 18,000.00 17,765.44 1,975.00 1918 2,000.00 1,999.97 1,801.63 3,951.88 1928 18,250.00 18,119.10 1,450.00 1919 4,500.00 4,481.51 1,063.90 (8) 1929 21,500.00 1920 6,000.00 5,992.79 1,870.83 1929 (deficiency) 785.00 21,070.00 1,477.00 1921 5,300.00 5,300.00 2,663.37 1930 27,400.00 25,700.05 1,532.52 1922 6,000.00 5,981.24 3,480.45 1931 35,800.00 1923 6,500.00 6,419.88 3,180.16 Hot Springs: 1924 50,000.00 49,874.91 1,847.73 1917 35,611.75 $31,302.98 1925 14,175.00 1918 15,151.5 2,907.54 28,883.44 42,822.02 1925 (deficiency) 1,180.00 1919 140,000.00 140,000.00 52,109.15 32,130.36 1926 12,180.00 11,986.37 3,298.55 1920 45,682.85 35,710.33 1927 12,300.00 12,299.73 3,686.63 1921 (deficiency) 60,000.00 60,000.00 57,807.00 74,021.19 1928 13,650.00 13,529.20 3,488.90 1922 55,339.15 85,043.85 1929 15,650.00 3,305.70 1923 15,802.00 63,900.00 63,289.88 56,669.16 1929 (deficiency) 500.00 1924 67,600.00 67,294.82 44,769.53 1930 15,650.00 15,448.14 3,868.28 1925 78,000.00 1931 15,860.00 1925 (deficiency) 11,800.00 85,541.38 60,577.70 Glacier: 1926 72,100.00 69,537.19 55,421.75 1917 110,000.00 108,148.16 3,202.40 1,352.75 1927 71,000.00 69,767.10 47,535.70 1918 150,000.00 114,362.82 4,438.22 9,026.86 1928 69,800.00 67,443.19 47,695.50 1919 80,000.00 79,958.69 2,624.53 1929 68,000.00 1920 85,800.00 85,000.00 7,253.85 1929 (deficiency) 6,320.00 471,970.00 47,930.90 1920 (deficiency) 81,849.12 81,572.9 1930 70,900.00 69,173.38 47,931.33 1921 95,000.00 1931 107,847.30 10,513.20 218,500.00 1921 (deficiency) 12,564.09 Lassen Volcanic: 1922 195,000.00 194,803.0 6,082.71 1917 81.25 (3) 1923 178,700.00 178,515.70 10,732.67 1918 118.05 1924 225,000.00 227,133.13 19,759.23 1921 2,500.00 2,410.90 1925 281,000.00 1922 1925 (deficiency) 9,260.00 288,233.45 15,328.71 3,000.00 2,922.41 1923 3,000.00 2,963.42 228.66 1926 184,960.00 172,888. 21,311. 72 1924 3,000.00 2,805.61 277.27 1927 167,745.00 165,392.3 12,020.58 1925 3,000.00 1928 163,300.00 162, 2,525.1 14,652.59 1925 (deficiency) 100.00 2,957.51 170. 1926 10,000.00 9,783.00 135. 97 Fontnotos at ond of tablo. Footnotes at end of table. 14 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE APPENDIX D REPORTS OF OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF THE NATIONAL PARKS, MONUMENTS, AND ENGINEERING, EDUCATIONAL. LANDSCAPE, ARCHITECTURAL. AND FORESTRY DIVISIONS, ALSO REPORTS ON SANITATION, FISH-CULTURAL OPERATIONS, AND SURVEY OF WILD-LIFE CONDITIONS ACADIA NATIONAL PARK GEORGE B. DORR, Superintendent, Bar Harbor, Me. Developments that it will take years to complete are in intended the making gift at of Acadia magnificent stretch of ocean front on the Atlantic coast ownership. National Park. These are largely concerned with the with other lands the most important to the park held until now in private park essentially these lands the donation of a superb extension of the present under the motor-road Over system is intended in accordance with plans prepared experience in public direction work are guarantee of the thought and care with which the study of Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted, whose name and wide has been Bar mountainous formation from the ocean front to the bluffs on Frenchmans The Harbor plan and its environs with park lands following in a grand sweep Bay. made. proposed and the lands secured for its execution will surround the APPROACHES TO PARK The approach to the park over the designated highway from bridge Bangor above to Bar Narrows under plans approved by the Bureau of Public Roads. This is a Harbor is being materially extended this year from the The town the of Bar Harbor is liberally sharing in the expense of this extension. concrete road of the best construction. steel and concrete bridge over the Penobscot River at Bucksport, at a near cost A new it debouches upon Penobscot Bay, is in process of building the State of where a million dollars, the expense being borne by and yet greater approximating This bridge, together with one of similar character park a Maine. constructed at Bath across the Kennebec, will give the with cost recently and most attractive shore-highway approach from Boston, the State continuous highway connection inland from Portland through through an capital alternate at Augusta, at the head of navigation on the Kennebec, and Bangor at its head on the Penobscot. THE SEAWALL RADIO STATION The turned over to the park by act of Congress. This. before the home pur- Seawall Radio Station, beyond Southwest Harbor on the ocean its front, has been the Government, was an abandoned farm of some 200 acres, It contains chase by settlers, watered abundantly from the old farm well. This of early and upon it built by the Government during the war. suited for a tract, house with grasslands garage bordering widely on the shore, is admirably camp-ground purposes. THE INDIAN MUSEUM the Indian Museum near Sleur de Monts Spring, built deeded on to land the In August the Spring Corporation for the purpose, was freely maintenance donated park and by a perpetual lease given to the museum trustees for its and operation. 75 17448 30 6 purpose. The trustees hold an endowment fund of $00,000 which will be used for this tions An and archeologist of the region, Walter B. Smith, is in charge of A proposal was made last spring by Admiral Andrews, since retired, but then at the head of the first naval district, that the radio station now at Otter their arts special fund for an annual publication on the Indians public of the visiting them. A of making them educationally valuable to the wide its collec- Cliffs be located on park land at Schoodic. The site, he said, is the finest on the Atlantic coast for radio communication. That the park should furnish such the inuseum in connection with the museum, has been donated by will be published and crafts and relation with the early colonists, which region, opportunity for the guidance that means safety to ships at sea and swift and sure communication with England and the lands of western Europe appeals to as Governor Endicott Series. the who is a descendant of Governor Endicott. This will a trustee be known of the imagination. The inclusion in the park of this grand projection into the ocean, fronting the eastern mountains of the park across the entrance to Frenchmans Bay, was of GROWTH OF THE PARK the first importance. fecting The growth to of the park has been held back by the lack of funds This inclusion, it is to be recorded, is one of the fruits of the brief visit to long since the Government's high standard of requirement the title for per- the park two years ago of Congressman Louis C. Cramton, chairman of the House Committee upon Interior Department Appropriations, to whose suggestion, funds acquired and held for the Government's acceptance. For to lands encouragement, and support the act making it possible is due. western pose were provided in the park's 1930 budget, and much territory this in pur- the Another fruit of this most fruitful visit is found in the attractive development, portion of the island is now in process of transfer. made and making, of the national park camp ground at the foot of Champlain Mountain, which is sought and used by people of a type far beyond the usual- THE SUMMIT ROAD teachers, artists, men of affairs-who, one of them recently told the superin- The summit road being built under the direction of the Bureau of Public tendent, preferred it in its beauty of location, its convenience, and its out-door surfacing, nearing completion and will be done this fall with the Jordan Pond the is of Cadillac Mountain from the present motor road to Roads to freedom, to a hotel, even of a costly type. PRYOR'S ISLAND that will spring. No road in the country overhanging the ocean completed in the which will be made the subject of a special contract exception and of its Pryor's Island, at the head of Somes Sound, has obtained recognition during views it will compare command with on this every in side. magnificence of outlook and the can beauty ever be of built the the last two years as one of the outstanding possessions of the park. It now has excellent landing facilities, being visited by people who come to it by water only, CHANNEL DEEPENING WOULD AFFECT PARK WATERWAYS for it has no land approach. Its one need is that of a good water supply, prob- ably to be best obtained by an artesian well. The park recently entertained at tional A matter contact of great importance to the park in the development of its supper there some forty members of the New England Tercentenary touring committee headed by Governor Tobey, of New Hampshire, and letters received survey and Hale in the naval estimate bill recently passed of inclusion by Senator with the sea has recently arisen, brought forward by the recrea- by the superintendent afterwards spoke of it as the crowning point of their entire trip. and sheltered Narrows which connects Frenchmans Bay with the through Mount Desert report upon the project of deepening the channel an item the for RESORT TOWNS IMPORTANT TO PARK upon the Bay and the long tidal estuary of its river. A hearing coast to Penobscot western waters that extend for 40 miles along the islanded Acadia National Park finds in the old resort towns that lie about it the Army, district subject recently in Bar Harbor before Col. S. A. Cheney, United was held convenience to visitors of hotels and stores, of hospital and medical attendance, and commercial engineer, and the project was strongly supported by both States resort and of much besides that are supplied generally in other national parks by interests and summer residents. the enterprise of concessioners. It can not, therefore, be indifferent to the boats Deepening from and straightening this channel will make accessible developments that take place in them. At Bar Harbor a health commissioner tiful and Frenchmans Bay, without the lifting of the draw, the to motor with duties extending over the whole island has been established, the expense safe, and extensive archipelago on the Atlantic coast and will afford most beau- borne in part by the towns, in part by the summer residents who have been Mount Desert speedy motor-boat connection between the western direct, instrumental in bringing this about. There, too, a new casino has been built, island-sheltered Island, the islands and the coast beyond, and the harbors on opened this summer, at a cost shared among the summer residents ambitious the park water upon the east, on which the motor-boating great activities sheet of of for the resort, while at Northeast Harbor a town-planning movement is on must always center. foot that will transform it at large cost and give it new attraction, the move- ment for it being Ied by one of the most public-spirited citizens of Pennsyl- VISIT OF DIRECTOR vania, Vance McCormick. The superintendent of the park looks forward to steadily increasing coopera- June. Acadia All National Park had its first visit from Director Albright of tion between the Federal activities of the national park and those of these Such a visit, was brief new to him and in all he saw he took the greatest at the interest. end resorts, by which each will benefit, in health, in service, and in opportunities though it had to be, can not but be richly fruitful. for pleasure. stay, Director when he Albright at once made plans to return next sunimer BRYCE CANYON NATIONAL PARK tory in the can study at leisure the unique possibilities of this for a longer system. recreational and educational development of the national-park coastal terri- EIVIND T. SCOYEN, Superintendent, Springdale, Utah ADMINISTRATION AND ORGANIZATION THE SCHOODIC TERRITORY opening Director to the Albright recognized at once the necessity of a well-built Bryce Canyon National Park was established September 15, 1928, under Bay, upon whose public the recently acquired Schoodic territory across park road authority of the acts of Congress approved June 7, 1924, and February 25. 1928. Final creation of the park was conditional upon the transfer of all eastward, on rocky coast, and from the heights of whose bold headland elsewhere this far-flung point the surf beats more splendidly than Frenchmans private holdings in the area to the Government, and this was accomplished He therefore to the sunrise and the entrance to the Bay of Fundy, is the view on the above date. The park has just closed its second season of operation under control of the is now in authorized a survey for it by the Bureau of Public Roads, unequaled. and this process. National Park Service and much was accomplished in fitting it into the present scheme of organization. The superintendent, supervisor, chief ranger, and chief clerk of Zion Park also have appointments covering these same posi- UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RAY LYMAN WILBUR, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE HORACE M. ALBRIGHT, Director ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1932 AND THE TRAVEL SEASON, 1932 OF DEPARTMENT THE BEA D UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1932 CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Summary of activities 2 Inspection of the parks and monuments 5 Plaques in memory of first director 5 Development of national-park policies 7 New national-park literature 9 Cooperation of outside agencies 11 Canadian-United States international peace reserves 12 Scout naturalist expeditions 13 Ascent of Mount McKinley 13 Find thermometer left by Stuck's party 14 Carpe-Koven tragedy discovered 14 Winter use 15 New national monuments 17 Additions made to existing national parks and monuments 18 National parks 18 National monuments 18 Acquisition of private lands 19 Pending boundary problems 20 Investigation of proposed parks and monuments 21 Authorized park and monument projects 21 Everglades project 22 Progress in education and research 22 Advisory board continues assistance 23 Popularity of trips afield and of camp-fire lectures 23 Museum expansion 23 Wild flower displays 24 Naturalist leaflets 24 University field classes 24 Yosemite school of field natural history 24 Libraries 24 Scientific research 25 Animal conditions 26 Wild-life survey 26 Other animal investigations 26 Fishing and fish-cultural operations 27 Preservation of park landscape 27 Protection of park forests 28 Experiments in radio communication in park work 29 Public utility service 29 Appropriations and revenues 31 Park road development 31 Superintendents' conference 33 Professionalizing the Park Service 34 Airplanes in the national parks 35 State-park developments 35 Important city park project 36 Service Joses many friends through death 36 The year in the parks and monuments 38 Acadia National Park 38 Bryce Canyon National Park 39 Carlsbad Caverns National Park 39 Crater Lake National Park 41 General Grant National Park 42 Glacier National Park 42 Grand Canyon National Park 43 Grand Teton National Park 45 III IV CONTENTS Page Great Smoky Mountains National Park 46 Hawaii National Park 47 Hot Springs National Park 48 Lassen Volcanic National Park 50 Mesa Verde National Park 51 Mount McKinley National Park 53 Mount Rainier National Park 54 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE Platt National Park 55 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Rocky Mountain National Park 56 Sequoia National Park 57 Wind Cave National Park 58 Yellowstone National Park 59 Yosemite National Park 61 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Zion National Park 64 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, National monuments 64 Washington, D. C., October 12, 1932. The southwestern monuments 65 Colonial 66 The SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Devils Tower 66 SIR: This is the sixteenth annual report of the National Park Service. George Washington Birthplace 66 Muir Woods It is submitted with pride and satisfaction because, in these trouble- 67 Petrified Forest 67 some times when our people have been under the great strain of Conclusion 68 anxiety and uncertainty, hundreds of thousands have sought and Appendix A.-Organization of the National Park Service 69 found in the national parks and monuments diversion, recreation, Appendix -The national parks and monuments: The national parks administered by the National Park Service, De- and rest, while under the protection of National Park Service officers partment of the Interior 71 and with the aid of facilities provided by our organization and by our The national inonuments administered by the National Park Service, utility operators. Department of the Interior 75 The report, as in previous years, is seasonal for travel and construc- The national monuments administered by the Department of Agri- culture tion work. The travel year ended September 30, 1932. All financial 79 The national monuments administered by the War Department matters are recorded for the fiscal year which ended June 30. 81 The national military and other parks administered by the War De- The amazing factor in park aflairs during the past year was the partment 83 travel to the national parks and national monuments. Despite unem- Statement of holdings acquired by deed for national park and monu- ment purposes ployment, and the natural disinclination even of the employed to 84 Appendix C.-Travel, fiscal, and miscellaneous statistics: spend savings, because of future needs, and despite a great decrease in Visitors to the national parks, 1917-1932 85 travel by rail, the national parks and monuments were visited in the Detail comparative statistics of travel and campers, 1931-32 86 1932 season by 3,754,596 persons, 5.9 per cent more than last year. Visitors to the national monuments, 1927-1932 88 Entries of private automobiles to the national parks during the seasons Reports show that large numbers of people remained in park areas 1925-1932 88 longer than usual, camping more than utilizing the hotel and lodge Automobile and motor-cycle licenses issued during seasons 1928-1932_ 89 facilities. They unquestionably found life in the mountains and Receipts collected from automobiles and motor cycles during seasons woods and along the streams and lakes restful and healthful and in 1928-1932 89 Statement of appropriations made for, and revenues received from, every way worth while, and at the same time realized that simple camp the various national parks and national monuments, and expendi- life offers more opportunities for the practice of economy than often- tures made therefrom during recent fiscal years 89 times can be found at home. Statement of amounts reappropriated and made available for expend- This new usefulness of the parks, particularly to people in financial iture in subsequent fiscal years 93 Statement of amounts transferred under the authority contained in difficulty, gave us unusual satisfaction. National Park Service men the appropriation acts to transfer 10 per cent from one appropriation and women derive their greatest pleasure in contributing to the happi- to another, fiscal year 1932 93 ness of park and monument visitors. Our opportunities this year Summary of appropriations for the administration, protection, and were myriad, and without regard to hours or physical effort involved improvement of the national parks and national monuments, these Park Service folks devoted themselves to our guests, who more together with revenues received, for the fiscal years 1917-1932, inclusive than ever before approciated our various types of service, particularly 94 Statement of amounts transferred to emergency reconstruction and the educational features of the program and the entertainment that fighting forest fires under authority contained in the appropriation was provided, the latter almost always with the enthusiastic assistance act, fiscal year 1932 94 of our visitors themselves. Statement of appropriations and authorizations for road and trail work in the national parks and national monuments It seems to us that the true value of the parks to America could not 94 Summary of educational activities in the national parks for the year be more clearly shown than by the fact that, in a time of anxiety and ended September 30, 1932 95 restlessness, they were immensely useful to large numbers of our National Park Service forest-fire statistics, calendar year 1931 96 people. Undoubtedly, too, they have been a strong influence for Big game animals in various national parks estimated on the basis of censuses made in 1932 stabilization and good citizenship. 100 1 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 3 While park travel has been surprisingly heavy, I have been seriously and property; and the establishment of the Everglades National Park concerned over the lack of patronage of the hotels and transportation in Florida. lines. These operations, carried on under Government supervision Hot Springs National Park, set apart as a special reservation under and at rates approved by the Government, have suffered big losses, one of our earliest conservation measures, the act of April 20, 1832, largely because of the decline in rail travel. The public-utility oper- celebrated its one-hundredth anniversary with spectacular parades ators render an efficient and highly essential public service. Many of and pageants. It was made a national park in 1921, but has been the stockholders in these companies have invested their money solely managed along park lines since 1877. from a sense of public obligation, in some cases at the urgent sugges- Yellowstone National Park, the first national park to be established tion of Government officials. Several of the individual operators and anywhere in the world, celebrated the sixtieth anniversary of its some companies, too, are now in dire financial straits, and all aid con- creation. sistent with Government policy and procedure must be extended to The total area of the national park and monument system was them in order that their facilities may be kept available to the public. increased from 12,119,579.64 acres to 12,592,316.21 acres through the During the season we encouraged and occasionally suggested changes inclusion of two monuments and extensions to existing park and in the types of service, special rates to encourage longer stays, and monument areas. other measures to attract patronage. To conserve utility-operator A total of 21,065.29 acres of private lands within national parks resources and reduce losses we permitted curtailment of service, and and national monuments was acquired-739.08 acres by donation, some plants were authorized to be closed when it was apparent that 12,792.80 by exchange, and 7,533.41 acres by purchase. the public demand for their facilities would not justify their avail- Memorial tablets to Stephen T. Mather, first Director of the National ability during the entire season. Park Service, were presented to the National Park Service and were It has been particularly gratifying to Service officials to receive installed in nine national parks and two national monuments, and hundreds of letters commenting on the fine sense of duty and uniform in the Washington office. spirit of kindliness displayed by the personnel of the various parks in Use of the educational facilities in the parks showed a decided contact with the public. increase, although the total number of visitors to the parks was less In a long tour of inspection I did not hear a word of dissatisfaction than last year. Several new types of field trips were inaugurated, or complaint from our employees about the payless furlough, loss of including the game-stalk caravan at dusk in the Yellowstone and annual leave, and other changes in privileges and status due to naturalist-conducted privately operated airplane trips over the Grand economy measures. They have taken a keen interest in relief work, Canyon. The grand total of contacts made through the naturalist and have contributed their full share to community chests and other and historical staffs in the parks and monuments was 1,629,859. funds to meet local charity and benevolence requirements. The Field educational headquarters were maintained at Berkeley, Calif., Washington office responded generously to the President's plea that and continued to function admirably. three days' pay be contributed to the community chest of the capital Serious attention was given to the matter of determining the present city. status of preservation and operation of important historical and In view of the high spirit, personality, loyalty, zeal, and other fine archeological sites in the United States, whether under the control qualities of this organization, it is quite natural that I should be very of private, local, or Federal agencies. proud of it. A major concern of the Service is the protection of park forests SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES through control of insect infestations and tree diseases. Several of these problems are discussed in detail later in this report. Notable Developments during the year in park and monument work were progress is being made in providing facilities for fire prevention. varied and interesting. With considerably over 200 fires started last year in the parks, Congress continued to give sympathetic consideration to the needs only one reached serious proportions. of the national parks and national monuments. Eight pieces of legis- The wild-life survey, carried on for two years under private funds, lation involving National Park Service activities were passed during remains an outstanding measure of cooperation with the National the last session. Park Service. Last year the expense was partly assumed by the Appropriations for the fiscal year 1933 were $7,650,620 compared Government, but cheerfully the cooperation has been extended until with $13,069,817.47 for 1932, which includes $55,000 included in the National Park Service can meet the full cost of this extremely the first deficiency bill to partially meet expenses of forest-fire important work. The first report of the wild-life survey is now in control. In July an additional $3,000,000 was made available in course of publication. the emergency unemployment relief act. Revenues for the 1932 Fishing conditions were unusually good throughout the system, fiscal year were $820,654.19. with more fish per capita taken than ever before reported. Important measures still pending on House and Senate Calendars Outstanding among the major engineering projects supervised by for possible consideration next session cover the transfer of juris- the chief engineer's office were the elevator construction at Carlsbad diction of the national military parks and monuments from the War Caverns, where the single-lift trip of 750 feet from cave floor to sur- Department to the Department of the Interior; the creation of a face is made in slightly more than one minute; the completion of the national park trust fund board to manage and invest gifts of funds hot-water.collection system at Hot Springs, started in 1931; the elec- trical generating and distributing system at Sunrise in Mount Rainier National Park; deep-water well-drilling operations and power-line installation in Mesa Verde; and reconnaissance surveys for the pro- posed relocation of the Big Oak Flat and Glacier Point Roads in Yosemite. An eastern engineering division was established to supervise civil engineering work in the national parks and monuments of the East, including Hot Springs, and to make advance engineering plans for eastern park and monument projects. This division is in charge of an assistant chief engineer. Notable progress in road construction was made during the past season. The Bureau of Public Roads completed the surfacing of the Cadillac Mountain Summit Road in Acadia National Park. First Assistant Secretary Dixon represented Secretary Wilbur in a distinguished gathering present for the opening of the road to public use. This road has been pronounced one of the most beautiful scenic roads in the world. I was present with Governor Hunt of Arizona at the opening of the Rio Puerco Bridge and the north and south highway in Petrified Forest National Monument on July 3. This bridge assures access to the Petrified Forest at all times from the north. In Yosemite National Park the Wawona Tunnel, 4,200 feet in length, was completed and the surfacing of the entire Wawona Road placed under contract. A start was made on the reconstruction of UNVEILING MATHER MEMORIAL PLAQUE, IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. the Chinquapin-Glacier Point Road. Under an agreement reached JULY 4, 1932 with the city and county of San Francisco in connection with its Hetch Hetchy road-building obligations, there will shortly be initiated the reconstruction of the Tioga Road through donation of the first of five yearly increments of $250,000. In Rainier National Park the East Side Highway was placed under construction at three points, assuring expedition in the construction of this most important highway connecting Paradise Valley and Yakima Park. Completion of the grading of the Transmountain Road in Glacier National Park was well along and in Rocky Mountain Park grading of the Trail Ridge Road was completed and the road opened to travel early in August. These roads are acclaimed among the outstanding mountain highways of the world. Grading of a section of the Skyline Drive down the summit of the Blue Ridge in the central part of the proposed Shenandoah National Park has been completed, and surveys have been started in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, contract to be let early next year for construction of the first section of a ridge road extending from Newfound Gap toward Deals Gap. Road surveys are also to be undertaken in the Mammoth Cave area. Additional progress was made on construction of the Colonial Monument Parkway in Virginia, three bridges being placed under contract in September. The landscape division continued to function as professional adviser to the Service on architectural landscape matters. The division now has 24 professional architects and landscape architects. Of these, 5 are assigned to the eastern division, with headquarters at Yorktown, Photograph by Lindley Va. The landscape work during the year fell into three general THE LINDLEY-LIEK PARTY FINDS THE THERMOMETER LEFT ON MOUNT MCKINLEY BY ARCHDEACON STUCK AND FORMER SUPERINTENDENT classes: Plans for and supervision of construction of buildings by KARSTENS IN 1913 both the Government and the public-utility operators; supervision of 4-1 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL LAID SERVICE landscape features of road construction; and the preparation of master plans for each park six years in advance of actual construction. These master plans, when finished, will give a complete picture of each park's present and future development, showing roads and trails, power and communication facilities, wilderness areas, tourist and administration centers, sewer and water systems, and other important items. In the preparation of the master plans the park superintend- ents, the chief civil engineer, and the sanitary engineer cooperated. The ascent of both the north and the south peaks of Mount Mc- Kinley last spring by the Lindley-Liek party was one of the most dramatic events in mountain-climbing annals. This was only the second time the great peaks had been climbed and was the first and only time that both peaks were climbed by the same expedition. Unfortunately the triumph of the Lindley-Liek party was marred by the tragedy which occurred to the cosmic ray party, on the moun- tain at the same time, when Allen Carpe and Theodore Koven lost their lives through a fall into a crevasse. INSPECTION OF THE PARKS AND MONUMENTS The Secretary of the Interior inspected Crater Lake and the Assistant Secretary covered Carlsbad Caverns, Grand Canyon, Yosemite, Crater Lake, Mount Rainier, and Mount McKinley. The First Assistant Secretary was in Acadia and Glacier Parks representing NEW WAYSIDE MUSEUM OF ARCHEOLOGY LOCATED NEAR THE TUSAYAN the Secretary. PUEBLO RUIN IN GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK The Senate Subcommittee on Indian Affairs, studying Indian prob- lems in the West, and consisting of United States Senators L. J. Frazier, B. K. Wheeler, and Elmer Thomas, were in Yosemite Valley in September interviewing the Indians who reside there. Congress- man Scott Leavitt, of Montana, personally presented to Glacier Park and Waterton Lakes National Park in Canada framed messages from the President and pens used by him in signing the Waterton- Glacier International Peace Park Act. My inspection tours of the year took me to all the eastern parks and monuments, and, in the West, I divided a summer trip between the Southwest, the Pacific coast, and the Rocky Mountains. I visited in the Southwest Carlsbad, Mesa Verde, and Grand Canyon Parks, and Gran Quivira, Aztec Ruins, Natural Bridges, Hovenweep, Navajo, Petrified Forest, Canyon de Chelly, and Rainbow Bridge National Monuments. I also saw the Great White Sands, Old Oraibi, and Monument Valley National Monument projects. On the Pacific coast, the San Francisco office, Yosemite, Sequoia, and Crater Lake Parks, and Pinnacles Monument occupied all available time. In the Northwest and Rocky Mountain region I visited Yellowstone, Glacier, Grand Teton, Wind Cave, and Rocky Mountain Parks, and Scotts Bluff National Monument. The pro- posed parks and monuments in the Bad Lands of North Dakota, and South Dakota, and along the Oregon Trail in Nebraska and Wyoming were also inspected. PLAQUES IN MEMORY OF FIRST DIRECTOR TIOGA PASS RANGER STATION, YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK In pursuance of plans formulated in 1929 to honor the memory of the late Stephen T. Mather, first Director of the National Park 1-2 Service, the Stephen T. Mather Appreciation presented a number of bronze memorial plaques to the National Park Service to be placed in and to them is due the thanks of all who are interested in this fine the parks and monuments. Where possible these memorial tablets movement to perpetuate the memory of the great and good man who were located in areas especially dear to Mr. Mather. built the National Park Service. Memorial ceremonies were held on July 4, Mr. Mather's birthday, and tablets were unveiled in Yosemite, Yellowstone, Grand Canyon, DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL-PARK POLICIES Mount Rainier, Crater Lake, Mesa Verde, Rocky Mountain, and Zion National Parks, and in Petrified Forest and Casa Grande National Following the brief discussion of national-park policies in the 1931 Monuments. One has been installed in the Washington office. annual report, careful consideration has been given to clarifying and In Sequoia Park the unveiling services were held in the Giant Forest codifying the various policies governing the establishment, preserva- on July 10. I was happy to be able to attend the dedication at the tion, protection, maintenance, use, and enjoyment of the national Petrified Forest. The plaque was unveiled by my son, Robert Mather parks. Albright. Plaques were also unveiled in the Sand Dunes State Park Fortunately, in the spring of 1932 the Secretary of the Interior made available to the National Park Service the services of Hon. in Indiana, the Palisades Interstate Park in New York and New Louis C. Cramton, special attorney to the Secretary, who while a Jersey, and on the Mather Memorial Parkway in the State of Washington. Member of Congress and chairman of the Interior Department sub- At cach ceremony there were present distinguished men and committee of the House Appropriations Committee took exceptional women who came from far and near to join with National Park interest in national-park affairs and played a part in building the financial structure of the national-park system that will rank in Service employees and other friends of Mr. Mather in commemorating his great work. Dr. Gilbert Grosvenor, of the National Geographic importance second only to the great achievements of Stephen T. Society, and Mrs. Grosvenor made a special trip by airplane to attend Mather in developing the fundamental organization and policy pro- the Sequoia Park services. grams of the bureau. Mr. Cramton was asked to make a careful John Hays Hammond, chairman of the Stephen T. Mather Appre- study of the Congressional Record and of all other legislative docu- ciation, sent the following telegram to the officials in charge of the ments relating to Yellowstone National Park, to determine what various dedications: Congress, in initiating the park system, intended the national parks to be, and what policies it expected would govern the administration On behalf of the officials and executive committee of the Stephen T. Mather of the parks. Appreciation I extend greetings to all who are present at this dedicatory cere- mony. The spirit prompting the placing of this memorial plaque was well The results of the study, which is not yet completed, can best be expressed in a letter which I received two years ago from Gen. John J. Pershing set forth in a statement of policy as follows: of our national committee. This letter read: 'While ordinarily averse to appear- 1. A national park is an area maintained by the Federal Govern- ing on committees, I am prompted to accept in this case because of the tremendous ment and "dedicated and set apart for the benefit and enjoyment of appeal which this slight recognition of Mr. Mather's work should make to anyone familiar with it. Men of such public-spirited generosity are all too few. Recog- the people." Such Federal maintenance should occur only where the nition of this sort is small recompense for a life devoted to public service. preservation of the area in question is of national interest because of Permit me to add the thought that appreciation of this service will increase with its outstanding value from a scenic, scientific, or historical point of the years. This plaque will reveal the noble profile of one who had the vision view. Whether a certain area is to be so maintained by the Federal and whose courage and perseverance brought the achievement. Government as a national park should not depend upon the financial Hundreds of Mr. Mather's friends who could not attend the unveil- capacity of the State within which it is located, or upon its nearness ing ceremonies listened to the broadcast of the memorial service of the to centers of population which would insure a large attendance Bohemian Club of San Francisco through the courtesy of the National therefrom, or upon its remoteness from such centers which would Broadcasting Co. as the unveiling ceremonies in Sequoia were being insure its majority attendance from without its State. It should held. Ralph L. Phelps, an old friend of our former director, delivered depend upon its own outstanding scenic, scientific, or historical a fine eulogy of Mr. Mather as a man and a public servant. quality and the resultant national interest in its preservation. This beautiful memorial service of the Bohemian Club has been 2. The national-park system should possess variety, accepting the perpetuated for the benefit of Mr. Mather's family and close friends supreme in each of the various types and subjects of scenic, scientific, by William Horsley, a California friend, connected with the motion- and historical importance. The requisite national interest does not picture industry. Mr. Horsley made not only an excellent picture of necessarily involve a universal interest, but should imply a wide-spread the dedication service in Sequoia, but also a record of the Bohemian interest, appealing to many individuals, regardless of residence, because Club program. of its outstanding merit in its class. Other plaques later will be placed in seven additional parks. At 3. The twin purposes of the establishment of such an area as a some time in the near future plaques will be unveiled on the Trans- national park are its enjoyment and use by the present generation, mountain Highway in Glacier National Park, at the Mather Grove with its preservation unspoiled for the future; to conserve the scenery, on the Redwood Highway in northern California, and on the grounds the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein, by such of the University of California at Berkeley. means as will insure that their present use leaves them unimpaired. Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Adams, of Washington, devoted friends of Proper administration will retain these areas in their natural condition, Mr. Mather, have alternately acted as secretary of the Appreciation, sparing them the vandalism of improvement. Exotic animal or plant life should not be introduced. There should be no capture of fish or 9. Every effort is to be made to provide accommodations for all game for purposes of merchandise or profit and no destruction of visitors, suitable to their respective tastes and pocketbooks. Safe animals except such as are detrimental to use of the parks now and travel is to be provided for over suitable roads and trails. Through hereafter. Timber should never be considered from a commercial proper sanitation the health of the individual and of the changing standpoint but may be cut when necessary in order to control the community is always to be protected. attacks of insects or diseases or otherwise conserve the scenery or the 10. Roads, buildings, and other structures necessary for park ad- natural or historic objects, and dead or down timber may be removed ministration and for public use and comfort should intrude upon the for protection or improvement. Removal of antiquities or scientific landscape or conflict with it only to the absolute minimum. specimens should be permitted only for reputable public museums or 11. The national parks are essentially noncommercial in character for universities, colleges, or other recognized scientific or educational and no utilitarian activity should exist therein except as essential to institutions, and always under department supervision and careful the care and comfort of park visitors. restriction and never to an extent detrimental to the interest of the 12. The welfare of the public and the best interests of park visitors area or of the local museum. will be conserved by protective permits for utilities created to serve 4. Education is a major phase of the enjoyment and benefit to be them in transportation, lodging, food, and incidentals. derived by the people from these parks and an important service to 13. The national interest should be held supreme in the national- individual development is that of inspiration. Containing the park areas and encroachments conflicting therewith for local or indi- supreme in objects of scenic, historical, or scientific interest, the educa- vidual benefit should not be permitted. tional opportunities are preeminent, supplementing rather than 14. Private ownership or lease of land within a national park con- duplicating those of schools and colleges, and are available to all. stitutes an undesirable encroachment, setting up exclusive benefits for There should be no governmental attempt to dominate or to limit the individual as against the common enjoyment by all, and is con- such education within definite lines. The effort should be to make trary to the fundamental purposes of such parks. available to each park visitor as fully and effectively as possible 15. National parks, established for the permanent preservation of these opportunities, aiding each to truer interpretation and apprecia- areas and objects of national interest, are intended to exist forever. tion and to the working out of his own aspirations and desires, whether When, under the general circumstances such action is feasible, even they be elementary or technical, casual or constant. though special conditions require the continuance of limited com- 5. Recreation, in its broadest sense, includes much of education mercial activities or of limited encroachments for local or individual and inspiration. Even in its narrower sense, having a good time, it is benefit, an area of national-park caliber should be accorded that a proper incidental use. In planning for recreational use of the parks, status now, rather than to abandon it permanently to full commercial in this more restricted meaning, the development should be related to exploitation and probable destruction of its sources of national inter- their inherent values and calculated to promote the beneficial use est. Permanent objectives highly important may thus be accom- thereof by the people. It should not encourage exotic forms of plished and the compromises, undesired in principle but not greatly amusement and should never permit that which conflicts with or destructive in effect, may later be eliminated as occasion for their weakens the enjoyment of these inherent values. continuance passes. 6. These areas are best administered by park-trained civilian 16. In a national park the national laws and regulations should be authority. enforced by a national tribunal. Therefore, exclusive jurisdiction of 7. Such administration must deal with important problems in the Federal Government is important. forestry, road building and wild life conservation, which it must 17. National monuments, under jurisdiction of the Department of approach from the angles peculiar to its own responsibilities. It the Interior, established to preserve historic landmarks, historic and should define its objectives in harmony with the fundamental purposes prehistoric structures, and other objects of scientific or historical of the parks. It should carry them into effect through its own per- interest, do not relate primarily to scencry and differ in extent of sonnel except when economy and efficiency can thereby best be served interest and importance from national parks, but the principles herein without sacrifice of such objectives, through cooperation with other set forth should, SO far as applicable, govern them. bureaus of the Federal Government having to do with similar sub- jects. In forestry, it should consider scenic rather than commercial NEW NATIONAL-PARK LITERATURE values and preservation rather than marketable products; in road building, the route, the type of construction and the treatment of The year has brought us many new books on the national parks and related objects should all contribute to the fullest accomplishment of national monuments. Space permits mention of only a few of these the intended use of the area; and, in wild life conservation, the preser- valuable works. vation of the primitive rather than the development of any artificial The Civic Annual, Volume IV, of the American Civic Association, ideal should be sought. really the 1932 yearbook on Parks and Planning, features important 8. National park administration should seek primarily the benefit phases of National Park Service activities both in Washington and the and enjoyment of the people rather than financial gain and such en- field. If one would keep up to date on every important subject joyment should be free to the people without vexatious admission directly or indirectly related to park protection and administration, charges and other fees. he should have the new Annual at hand. The book is published for 10 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE the Civic Association by the J. Horace McFarland Co., of Harris- This book, known as Senate Document No. 273, is one of the most burg, Pa. authoritative works on the subject. The Stanford University Press, which already had a large list of A valuable addition to our collection of Wakefield material is the national-park books, added to it this year by publishing two volumes work by Charles Arthur Hoppin entitled "The Washington Ancestry on Yosemitc National Park. and Records of the McClain, Johnson, and Forty Other Colonial The first was Dr. Carl Russell's 100 Years in Yosemite, the first com- American Families," in three magnificent volumes which were pri- plete history of this great park. It is a fascinating account of the vately printed at Greenfield, Ohio, in 1932. Volume I deals with the discovery of the region, its carly settlers and visitors, and the develop- genealogy of the Washington family and is a most voluminous and ment of facilities for seeing and enjoying its lovely natural features. authoritative work, going into the British ancestry of George Wash- The other Stanford Press book is Trees of Yosemite. This book ington more than does anything else published along this line. Mr. contains exceptionally well-written descriptions of Yosemite's trees Hoppin spent 17 years compiling the material contained in these by Mary Curry Tresidder, and it is illustrated by 34 linoleum block volumes. prints by Della Taylor Hoss. Both the author and artist are talented Several new Government publications relating to our territory and women who live in the Yosemite Valley, and devote much time to study interests appeared during the year. A Geological Survey work, The of the trees and flowers. Kaiparowits Region, a Geographic and Geologic Reconnaissance of Another book soon to come from the Stanford Press is a new edition Parts of Utah and Arizona, by Herbert E. Gregory and Raymond C. of Chittenden's Yellowstone National Park, revised and brought up Moore, gives us a remarkable historical and scientific account of a to date by Isabelle F. Story, editor of the National Park Service. part of the Southwest in which we have several parks and monuments. In the Shadow of Mount McKinley is a new book on our farthest Bryce Canyon National Park received the special consideration of the north park and its surrounding wilderness country in Alaska, by authors, and thus their treatise becomes a basic reference work for our William N. Beach. It is a profusely illustrated account of the author's naturalist staff. The book is for sale by the Superintendent of many explorations in and around Mount McKinley, including inter- Documents, Washington, D. C., at $1.05. esting and thrilling experiences in hunting big game. The book is Our own booklet, Research and Education in the National Parks, by beautifully printed, in limited edition at $12 per volume, by the Assistant Director Harold C. Bryant and Wallace W. Atwood, jr., Derrydale Press, New York. It is a very valuable addition to the appeared during the summer, and has received much favorable men- literature of Mount McKinley National Park. tion. It is a record of the growth and present scope of our activities Scout Naturalists in the Rocky Mountains, by three Eagle Scouts in a special field of education and research. who visited many parks and monuments in 1930, is a new book from the press of Brewer, Warren & Putnam. It is mentioned elsewhere COOPERATION OF OUTSIDE AGENCIES in this report. It is a book of real adventures by boys in a new field of activity-assisting in scientific work while enjoying a grand vacation. Throughout the year the National Park Service has had the finest Adding to his publications on Grand Teton National Park, Dr. support from associations interested in our work. The American Fritiof Fryxell, former naturalist in the National Park Service, has Civic Association, which played such an important part in the creation published this year The Teton Peaks and Their Ascents, a carefully of the Service, carefully studied problems of planning and legislation revised collection of his mountain-climbing articles which have here- and gave advice on general policies governing national parks and tofore appeared in Appalachia. Doctor Fryxell is the authority on monuments. The association devoted much space in Civic Comment the geology and exploration of the Teton Range, and his writings are and the Civic Annual to discussions of national-park affairs. Taking very valuable both to Grand Teton Park officers and the visiting advantage of opportunities afforded its officers in. arranging for the public. The new book is from the Augustana Book Concern, Rock recent conference on parks, planning, and government, the Civic Island, Ill. Association featured National Park Service activities in programs and A fine book which recently came off the press is the one by Robert after-conference trips. Frothingham entitled "Trails Through the Golden West," published The National Parks Association devoted its annual meeting and its by Robert M. McBride & Co. of New York. This book gives an out- dinner program on May 9 to national-park matters, and at the dinner standing presentation of the numerous units of our park system, brought together a group of distinguished men and women very covering the southwestern monuments particularly well. The chap- influential in public life in Washington. The National Parks Associa- ter dealing with wild animals in Yellowstone and the account of the tion also detailed a committee of Messrs. Frederick Law Olmsted days the author spent with John Wetherill make especially fine and William P. Wharton to visit the proposed Everglades National reading. Park and report on its natural features. Their report, a remarkable Yorktown, 1781, by Col. H. L. Landers, F. S., historical section, presentation favoring the project, was printed as a Senate document. Army War College, a book of 219 pages on the Virginia campaign and Other cooperating associations rendering valuable aid outside of the blockade and siege of Yorktown, 1781, including a brief narrative Government circles were the American Game Protective Association, of the French participation in the Revolution prior to the southern the American Forestry Association, the American Nature Association, campaign, was printed by the Government Printing Office late in 1931. the Smoky Mountains Hiking Club, the Sierra Club, and the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club. ADDITIONS MADE TO EXISTING NATIONAL PARKS AND 2,375.69 acres. All the money appropriated by the Federal Govern- MONUMENTS ment for the purchase of land has been spent and all the Government land transfers have been completed. No further additions can be The problem of readjusting existing park and monument boundary made until additional funds have been appropriated, with the one lines to establish better administrative units, take in additional es- possible exception of adding the lands on Jamestown Island, for which sential features, better protect existing features, and make the areas the State of Virginia has available $100,000. more accessible to the public was given a great deal of attention There are many very important purchases within the boundaries during the year and several important adjustments made. of this monument, and when Congress again feels that it can appro- NATIONAL PARKS priate money for land purchase, it is my hope that they will look with favor on the land needs of this monument. Acadia.-Three hundred acres were tendered the Government by George Washington Birthplace.-George Washington Birthplace private individuals and accepted for addition to Acadia National National Monument is now established at its approximate final size, Park. The area of this park now is 11,859.32 acres. containing 394.47 acres. There are a few minor additions under con- Crater Lake.-A small but very important addition of 973 acres sideration which are more in the category of protective measures to was made to this park along the southern boundary at the Annie the present monument, such as a proper approach road from the main Creek entrance by act of May 14, 1932, to bring into the park a highway. lovely stand of very large yellow-pine trees which borders both sides Scotts Bluff:-By presidential proclamation dated June 1, 1932, of the highway. 1,346 acres were added to the Scotts Bluff National Monument. Great Smoky Mountains.-On November 2, 1931, the States of Petrified Forest.-On September 23, 1932, the President signed a North Carolina and Tennessee presented to the United States, proclamation adding approximately 53,300 acres to the Petrified through the Secretary of the Interior, deeds covering 138,843.20 Forest National Monument, including the outstanding section of acres of land for inclusion in the Great Smoky Mountains National the Painted Desert. The Painted Desert section is connected with Park, bringing the total number now deeded to the Government the Petrified Forest by a narrow strip of land, 1 mile wide and approx- within 129,280.30 acres of the 427,000 acres required by law. The imately 6 miles long, to provide a proper road connection. The road deeds are being reviewed by the Attorney General's office. also will serve as an entrance to the Petrified Forest area of the In North Carolina at this writing there remains to be negotiated for monument from transcontinental highway U. S. No. 66 which runs only one tract belonging to the Ravensford Lumber Co. The State between the Painted Desert and the Petrified Forest. The area of Tennessee has granted additional legislation to condemn, if neces- added, besides containing the brilliantly colored sands from which sary, areas formerly not included in condemnation legislation within it derives its name, also contains the black petrified forest. the Tennessee section of the park boundaries, and involving pri- marily the Elkmont and Cherokee Orchard sections. A few leases ACQUISITION OF PRIVATE LANDS have been granted in both States under authority of law by the Secretary of the Interior to old settlers and others where such occu- A definite program for eliminating alienated lands within national pancy will not conflict with development of the park itself. parks and national monuments was worked out during the year and Mount McKinley.-The act of March 10, 1932, added 246,693 excellent progress made in assembling the necessary preliminary data. acres to this park and increased its total area to 1,939,493 acres. No funds were carried in the 1933 appropriation act for the pur- The eastern boundary now extends to the Nenana River, and the chase of private lands. Several transfers were completed, however, northwest line farther north, bringing Wonder Lake into the park. from money previously appropriated and also under exchange acts Rocky Mountain.-Under authority of the act of June 21, 1930, and by gift. Alienated lands acquired during the year from all President Hoover, by proclamation on January 11, 1932, added 3,075 sources amounted to 21,065.29 acres. acres in Moraine Park to the Rocky Mountain National Park. The total expenditure of Government funds during the year for the Most of the land added was privately owned, but a large part has purchase of lands was $668,708.85, of which $109,205 were 100 per since been acquired. Several other changes in the boundary line of cent funds and $559,503.85 were 50 per cent money. The 50 per cent this park will be necessary before it is finally fixed. money was matched by private donations. The acquisitions were as Yosemite.-The Wawona acquisition of 8,784.94 acres will have follows: far-reaching effects during the future years of Yosemite National Glacier.-Two thousand five hundred sixteen and thirty-two hun- Park. It adds to the park the superb area along the new Wawona dredths acres by purchase at a total cost to the Government of Highway lying between the old park line and the Mariposa Grove, $202,002.85, of which sum $8,730 was from 100 per cent funds. and is the outstanding addition since the acquisition of the sugar- Rocky Mountain.-Four thousand two hundred thirty-seven and pine forest in 1930. seventeen hundredths acres by purchase with expenditure of $411,231. NATIONAL MONUMENTS The 100 per cent funds expended amounted to $66,125 and the balance Colonial.-The Colonial National Monument has been extended of $345,106 was 50 per cent money. by purchase of private lands and transfer of Government-owned lands Wind Cave.-One hundred and seventy-seven hundredths acres from the Navy mine depot and Navy fuel depot, and now consists of were purchased with special appropriation of $9,500. 30 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 31 After careful consideration and full discussion of the issues raised by the comptroller's decision, the conference reached the conclusion and in others, where no provision has been made for this class of travel, new plants must be developed. Experience has shown that the finan- that it should request the Government to resubmit the question to the cial returns from these operations are attractive and that the public Comptroller General in order to clarify the situation. This was done will patronize them even to the extent of renting cabins in areas by the Secretary of the Interior under date of March 31, 1932, and he received a formal decision from the Comptroller General under date adjoining the parks when they are not to be had inside. There were a few very important improvement projects carried out of April 28, 1932, which contemplates, in proper cases, the cancella- tion of existing contracts, and the issuance of new contracts in lieu during the year by our park operators. In the Grand Canyon National Park, Fred Harvey and the Santa thereof for the full period of 20 years authorized by law, as legal and Fe Railroad system installed a new water system, pumping water within the purview of the authority granted to the Secretary of the to the Rim from Indian Gardens, which lie 3,000 feet within the Interior by the Congress. This decision is a further assurance to the canyon itself. And at Desert View, a watch tower and kiva, several operators of the integrity of their contracts and the stability of their investments. times the scale of similar structures of prehistoric inhabitants of the Southwest, was built to provide visitors with a place for rest and The full effect of the general economic conditions of the past three refreshment. years was not felt in the national parks until the season just passed. In Yosemite National Park, the utility operator built in the Mari- While the volume of travel was well maintained, being only about 6 per cent below that of last year, it was by no means an indication of posa Grove of Big Trees a new lodge, fully equipped to meet the the patronage of the public utilities. The extent to which economic increasing demand for meals and lodgings in this important section of the park. This new lodge replaces an old plant, much of which. conditions have affected the volume of business handled by park was destroyed by heavy snow accumulation last winter. operators can best be realized when it is remembered that gross receipts in 1930 were 35 per cent less than in 1929, the last year in APPROPRIATIONS AND REVENUES which conditions were normal, that the gross receipts in 1931 suffered a decline of 35 per cent from those of the previous year, and that the The appropriations for the National Park Service for the fiscal year volume this year was approximately 50 per cent below that of 1931. 1932 totaled $12,831,250. Of this amount $77,000 was authorized The continued decline in rail travel was the largest contributing in the first deficiency act of February 2, 1932. factor to the poor showing made this year. Those traveling by other Cash donations to the national parks and national monuments for means conserved their funds by limiting expenditures to necessities. the fiscal year ended June 30, 1932, amount to $14,828.50. These With the amount of business in 1929 considered as an index at 100 funds were deposited in the United States Treasury and were expended per cent, we find that the volume has decreased to 21 1/8 per cent in under the same fiscal regulations which govern in the expenditures 1932. Under this subnormal state of affairs it is doubtful if any oper- of Federal appropriated funds. ator will show a profit for this year's operations. It is'hoped that the For the fiscal year 1933 there was appropriated $10,640,620, of low point has been reached and that steady improvement will be which amount $7,640,620 was authorized in the Interior Department noticed from now on. The success or failure of these enterprises can appropriation act, approved April 22, 1932, and $3,000,000 in the not be gaged by the results of a year or two. As has been said in the emergency relief and construction act of 1932, approved July 21, 1932. past, they must be viewed in the light of results obtained over a 5 or 10 Despite the country-wide unfavorable economic conditions which year period. prevailed, there was received a total income of $820,654.19, which was Many administrative questions involving rates and services during derived from the operation of the national parks and national monu- the past season had their origin in the unusual conditions prevailing. ments this past year, as compared with $940,364.79 n year ago. The Service cooperated in every way possible in meeting the desires Under the provisions of the economy act, the Secretary of the of the operators for changes in rates, curtailed service and shortened Interior has made transfers from the appropriation "Roads and trails, operating seasons. Some experiments authorized, such as the chang- national parks," to enable certain other bureaus of the department ing from the American to the European plan and the approval of to meet their most urgent expenses. The transfers are as follows: special rates for longer stays as well as lower rates for off-season To the General Land Office, $150,000; Geological Survey, $284,400; travel, were productive of good results and will probably grow into Office of Education, $30,000. permanent features. During the past few years there has been a definite trend toward PARK ROAD DEVELOPMENT the lower-priced type of accommodations. Housekeeping cabins have exercised a particular appeal to private-car tourists, who are In the 1932 fiscal year the cash appropriated for road and trail becoming more and more critical regarding these facilities. Patrons work amounted to $7,500,000 as compared with an appropriation invariably compare the conveniences of these accommodations in of $7,078,800 in 1931. The Secretary of the Interior was also author- the national parks with those in adjacent areas and in some cases ized to contractually obligate on construction projects an additional we have suffered by this comparison. The time has come when the amount of $2,850,000 in 1932, and $2,500,000 in 1931. Of the $7,- need of adequate facilities of this type must be recognized by all 500,000, the Interior Department appropriation act for the fiscal year park operators. Existing plants in some parks must be modernized 1932 made available $5,000,000. However, there prevailed a strong 32 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 33 congressional feeling that provisions should be made for constructing vail climatic and other factors compelling extension into a succeeding a number of national park approach roads, which, unless special season. Federal aid was provided, could not be built within a decade or more. With the privilege of entering into obligations contractually to a Passage by both houses of the so-called Leavitt Act, approved by limited authorization for each fiscal year, units that are larger and the President on January 31, 1931, authorized $7,500,000 annually those containing variable combinations of elements conducive to for the fiscal years 1932 and 1933, $1,500,000 of which the Secretary cost reductions and expedition of work can be contracted for with of the Interior was empowered to expend each year for the construc- resultant better prices. The performance under contracts limited to tion of approach roads which lead across lands wholly or to the extent one season would compel a division of projects to smaller units and of 90 per cent owned by the United States. Following enactment of inevitably there would be conflict between operators in their zeal to this legislation, $2,500,000 was appropriated by the second deficiency start operations on the sections in which they are concerned, which act of 1931, approved March 4, 1931. difficulties of operation would be reflected in higher cost prices. Consideration by Congress of the 1933 appropriation was begun on Another objectionable feature would be the spreading out over a a basis of the $6,000,000 approved by the Budget Bureau, a reduction longer period the obstructions which detain travelers over the park in the proposed road program by the $1,500,000 contained in the road systems. Entering into large contracts without the advantages emergency relief act of 1931, which act had for its purpose accelern- of this authorization would tend to impound the cash in the United tion by the various Federal road building agencies of construction to States Treasury until completion of contracts in the following con- alleviate unemployment conditions. By reason of congressional struction season. The principle which has been operative in the effort to balance the 1933 Budget, the cash appropriated was reduced financing of work has been partly on the basis of cash and partially to $4,500,000, against which there were outstanding obligations of by authorization, which facilitates and expedites reconstruction of $2,500,000 that had been incurred under authority of the 1932 act. roads because the construction and travel season are coincidental. While the bill was under consideration, the legislation authorizing These fundamental governing factors obtained in the basic law the Secretary of the Interior to incur advance contractual obligations covering Federal-aid and forest highway construction and the Con- was stricken out in the House, with subsequent restoration by the gress has given this authority to the National Park Service in annual Senate effected after the cash appropriation had been reduced to appropriation acts. $4,500,000. Although all prior roads and trails appropriations for As in past years the Bureau of Public Roads of the Department of the National Park Service had contained this authorization provision, Agriculture continued its excellent cooperation in major road con- there is no basic legislation similar to that contained in the Federal-aid struction in the national parks and monuments except in Mount and forest highway organic acts. McKinley National Park, Alaska, where the road work has been By the emergency relief and construction act of 1933, approved performed by the Alaska Road Commission. Effective July 1, July 21, 1932, an additional $3,000,000 became available for roads 1932, the Alaska Road Commission was transferred from the War and trails construction in the national parks and national monuments to the Interior Department, an arrangement which has facilitated so that for 1933 the roads appropriations were brought to the total fiscal matters, and, as the civilian personnel of the commission has authorized limitation of $7,500,000. This act also enabled expendi- been retained, construction and policy phases remain unchanged. ture of funds for construction projects within the Shenandoah and There have been constructed, reconstructed, and improved to date Great Smoky Mountains areas for the first time. (cleared, graded, and surfaced) 361.32 miles of roads. In addition, The National Park Service was also placed on a parity with other work in various stages of construction includes 430.92 miles of clearing Federal road building organizations by the requirement of securing and grading, and 260.37 miles of surfacing. Considerable progress has 2-year authorizations in advance of appropriations. The authoriza- been made on construction of adequate trail systems, $1,687,720.71 tion for appropriations to construct roads and trails in national parks having been expended on the construction of 732.04 miles of trails and national monuments was contained for the first time in Senate built on suitable standards of grade and alignment. While fino bill 36, the general authorization bill for roads which is considered by progress has been made to date, there still remain 1,199.20 miles of both the House and Senate Roads Committees. The general author- roads to be constructed and improved. Additional national parks ization bill containing legislative provision for authorizations during have been authorized for establishment by Congress, particularly the fiscal years 1934 and 1935 was passed by the Senate but not by the Great Smoky Mountains in North Carolina and Tennessce, the the House and consequently awaits consideration at the December Shenandoah in Virginia, Mammoth Cave in Kontucky, and Isle session of Congress. Authority is contained in the pending law to Royale in Michigan. contract in advance for road work in the national parks and national monuments as now operative under the forest highway and Federal- SUPERINTENDENTS' CONFERENCE aid appropriation acts. Such authority is essential to the most orderly and economical procedure in the placement of contracts for The first conference of national park executives to take place for road construction. As with few exceptions the roads to be con- more than two years was held at Hot Springs National Park from structed in the national parks are at high altitudes, the completion of April 3 to 8. With the exception of Acadia and Mount McKinley, a practical contract in one year is not possible as generally there pre- each park was represented by its superintendent, as were several of 34 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 35 the national monuments. The senior assistant director in charge for a new type of examination for ranger positions comparable with of the branch of operations, the assistant director in charge of the the present junior park naturalist examination is now under consider- branch of research and education, and myself were present. Repre- ation, and it is hoped that when this is properly worked out, a register sentatives of several of the cooperating Federal bureaus, including of college-trained men and women divided into special groups such as the Bureau of Public Roads, the Civil Service Commission, and the biologists, geologists, archeologists, and historians will be available. Public Health Service, also attended the conference. It is my belief that if experience is to be substituted for education On the first day, Louis C. Cramton, special attorney to the Secre- at all, it must be national-park experience. The Civil Service Com- tary of the Interior, addressed the gathering on the policies of the mission has assured all possible cooperation in this matter. National Park Service as they have been evolved through legislation, It is not at all unlikely that courses in park administration and especially those relating to Yellowstone, the first national park. Mr. development will be offered in some of our colleges and universities Cramton made an exhaustive study of this subject during the past in the future. winter at your request. His formal report to you is being printed and will constitute a valuable addition to the historic records of the AIRPLANES IN THE NATIONAL PARKS National Park Service. His findings reduce to concrete form the policies of the National Park Service as they have been established An autogiro, the first machine of that type ever to land in a national by Congress in laws enacted during the past 60 years, and will be of park, was successfully brought down in Leidig Meadow in Yosemite invaluable assistance in keeping to the course mapped out by the National Park on May 22 by Capt. Lewis A. Yancey, noted trans- farsighted men who laid the foundation of our present national-park Atlantic flyer. He was accompanied by a representative of a news- system. reel agency who made some very fine pictures of the waterfalls, Half Conference sessions began carly and ended late and special group Domc,a other famous features of this park. Though Leidig Meadow meetings were also held. Important administrative matters includ- is rough, covered with high grass, and provided a runway of less than ing road maintenance, ranger personnel, fire protection, wild-life 1,000 feet, Captain Yancey experienced no difficulty in taking off and problems, engineering questions, landscape development, educational cleared the 250-foot trees in perfect safety. It was his belief that work, cooperation with public utility operators, and camp ground autogiros would be extremely adaptable to winter patrol work in developments were thoroughly discussed with mutual benefit. parks like Yosemite, stating that the machines work more smoothly on skis than wheels. PROFESSIONALIZING THE PARK SERVICE Airplane service at Grand Canyon was continued by the Grand Canyon Airlines, their operations being entirely outside the park. While every permanent employee of the Service is under the The National Park Service cooperated with the air lines by detailing classified civil service, it becomes insistently apparent each year members of the naturalist staff of Grand Canyon to accompany that the National Park Service must be more completely profession- parties making the trip over the park as an experimental service to alized. With increased municipal, State, and Federal park activities, the public. park administration has become a profession, and should be definitely On July 10 the Assistant Secretary and I, with park officers and recognized as such. At the height of the travel season between 3,000 executives of the air line, made an extensive flight over Grand Canyon and 4,000 persons are employed by this bureau. As the system and Zion National Parks for the twofold purpose of studying certain expands, the number will increase. Many are, of course, seasonal boundary problems and to gather data for consideration of the general employees, but an organization of such size, spread over the vast subject of making air service available in the national parks for territory represented by our 58 reservations, offers opportunities for sightseeing purposes. We were greatly impressed with the fine specialized scientific and executive work of unique interest and great service now provided by the Grand Canyon Airlines. public importance. The sublease of the Pacific-Alaska Airways (formerly Alaska Every year brings many changes in our organization, and it should Airways), from the Mount McKinley Tourist & Transportation Co., be possible to fill all vacancies by promotion. Wherever possible this was again renewed. This company inaugurated its work of flying is done, but with the Park Service on a professional basis, more young visitors over the park and to Mount McKinley in 1930. men and women from our colleges and universities would be attracted into the Service, and the problem of securing qualified and properly STATE-PARK DEVELOPMENTS trained persons for the higher positions in our organization would be solved. This statement is not intended as a reflection on the present The National Park Service continues, as it has for the past 12 years, personnel. The majority of our ranger force is college trained, and to maintain close touch with the State-park movement, chiefly through those who are not have proved their worth. the National Conference on State Parks, which was established in The superintendents' conference went on record as favoring the 1921 by former Director Stephen T. Mather. This organization is full professionalization of the National Park Service. The chief now headed by Col. Richard Lieber, director of the Indiana depart- examiner of the Civil Service Commission, who attended the con- ment of conservation and one of the most distinguished leaders in ference, expressed himself as favoring this step and even went SO the movement for State parks. Three representatives of the National far as to say that he had often wondered why it was not done. Plans Park Service, including myself, attended its twelfth annual meeting, 38 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 39 it lay dormant until others took it up later in promoting the present park project. The establishment of both the Pisgah National Forest waters are life's most ancient habitat, parent to all life upon the land, and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park may, however, be the most crowded of all areas in the struggle for existence and the attributed in large part to this conservationist, who furthered those richest in diversity of form. projects wherever and whenever he could. BRYCE CANYON NATIONAL PARK THE YEAR IN THE PARKS AND MONUMENTS The Bryce Rim Road, begun in 1931, was completed in July. Last year in order to conform to the President's policy of economy Work is now going forward on a project to extend this road about in Government expenditures, the reports of the various park and 3 1/2 miles to Natural Bridge, a logical scenic objective, and it is expected monument executives were omitted from Appendix D and a brief that the undertaking will be completed before the end of the year. résumé of the outstanding achievements of the year in each park When the entire project is completed, this road system will afford and monument was given in the main body of the report. unexcelled opportunities for viewing the beauties of Bryce Canyon. This year these reports are again omitted, and, going a step For 7 miles the road follows the canyon rim, and spurs to Inspiration, farther, it has been found necessary to omit the reports of the Bryce, and Little Bryce Points affording cspecially fine views. The several field divisions carrying on specialized work in the parks entire project, including the Natural Bridge extension, is 14 miles in and monuments. Their work is covered in the various sections in length. the main body of this report. The inner-canyon trail system in the vicinity of Bryce Canyon Below is a summary of work in the parks and monuments: Lodge was completed. This project includes the Peck-a-Boo Can- yon-Bryce Point trail, the Fairyland trails, and the trail from Sunrise ACADIA NATIONAL PARK Point into Campbell Canyon connecting the Fairyland trails. Bryce Canyon trails are noted for their excellence and are heavily used. The great event in the history of Acadia National Park during the In spite of diminished revenues, the Utah Parks Co. continued its past year was the completion and opening to the public of the Cadillac high standard of service at Bryce Canyon Lodge. In fact it may be Mountain Road. This is one of the great drives of the world in stated that the park's visitors have never received better service at magnificence, variety, and interest of the great sweep of land and the Lodge than they have this year. ocean it discloses. From the standpoint of road construction and In the spring of 1932 the Utah Parks Co. began the construction of scenic effects there is nothing finer on the continent. a cabin camp. The permanent buildings constructed were a cafe- During the past few years Mr. John D. Rockefeller, jr., has con- teria and a comfort station, temporary tents being used this season structed a system of driving roads some 48 miles in length open to for sleeping accommodations. The unit was placed in operation on the general public in the park and on his own lands adjoining the July 23. It is expected that several permanent cabins will be con- park, for foot and horse travel only. They form a truly park road structed next spring. system penetrating beautiful and theretofore unfrequented sections. He also completed and donated to the park the Mountain Road, a CARLSBAD CAVERNS NATIONAL PARK motor road which traverses the park for more than 5 miles and is used for automobile traffic, connecting Bar Harbor with Scal Harbor by Carlsbad Caverns is a motorists' meeca, with 97 per cent of the way of the entrance to the Cadillac Mountain Road and Jordan Pond. park visitors estimated as arriving in privately owned cars. For Mr. Rockefeller during the past two years also offered to construct a this reason the development of approach and tributary highways is scenic automobile road, about 11 miles in length, a large part of which vital to the future of the Caverns. Realizing this, and the value of was to be over park lands, and whose location involved the removal the park to the Southwest as a tourist objective, the highway com- of the naval radio station from the Otter Cliffs. Negotiations have missions of the States of New Mexico and Texas have cooperated by been carried on since then with the Navy Department with the view improving and keeping open to traffic throughout the year all of of finding another location for the station acceptable to that Depart- the near-by highways. ment, and it is hoped that this may be achieved before Mr. Rocke- Cavern elevator.--The major construction work of the year was the feller's offer, which has been extended, is withdrawn. The road completion of the 2-compartment elevator shaft and the installation location has been laid out by eminent architects and engineers, and therein of a high-speed elevator. The installation of the second promises to be a most beautiful scenic drive when it is completed. elevator will be completed in the near future. Educational work commenced.-A new departure in Acadia this The first elevator was dedicated to public use on January 23 by year, opening a field of great interest and value, is the commence- Gov. Arthur Seligman, of New Mexico, who personally handled the ment of educational work along natural history lines through nature controls during several trips. guide service. The field for such study in Acadia is unusually wide The primary purpose of this elevator is to serve as an exit and to because it takes in not only the fauna and the flora of this northeastern handle supplies, and visitors are urged to make the full cavern trip territory, which is rich in both, but also the teeming life of the oceanic on foot unless unduly tired by the exertion. It is felt that in this way littoral, the sea beach at low tide, and the waters off the shore. Such only can the full glory of the cave be appreciated. 68 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE satisfactory basis, and visitors are enthusiastic over the presentation of the natural wonders of this monument. proclamation of the President on September 23, brought an exceed- The addition of the Painted Desert area to the monument by ingly beautiful region and the unique petrified Black Forest into the of monument system. This additional extension of 53,300 acres, 23,832 increase the number of visitors to Petrified Forest. which were already Government owned, will undoubtedly greatly APPENDIX A ORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE CONCLUSION (Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.) during the fifteen years of existence-has functioned effectively and The National Park Service during the past year-and, indeed, Horace M. Albright, director. Arno B. Cammerer, associate director. progressively to protect and administer the national parks and A. E. Demaray, senior assistant director, branch of operations. G. A. Moskey, assistant director, branch of lands and use. monuments, and to advance their use by the American people. Harold C. Bryant, assistant director, branch of research and education. In order that an even broader usefulness may be possible in the Conrad L. Wirth, assistant director, branch of planning. future, adoption: I make the following recommendations and sincerely urge their Isabelle F. Story, editor, chief, division of public relations. Charles L. Gable, chief auditor, park operators' accounts. 1. Especially needed is the consolidation of all Federal park activi- R. M. Holmes, chief clerk. Everett E. Tillett, chief accountant. ties under the National Park Service, the bureau of the National Charles R. Brill, chief, mails and files. Government established by law for this purpose. This would include FIELD SERVICE upon for several years by the Secretaries of War and Interior. the transfer of the national military parks and monuments as agreed WESTERN FIELD HEADQUARTERS 2. Several existing national parks should have their boundaries (409 Underwood Building, San Francisco, Calif.) rounded out to take in areas needed for administrative purposes, and Frank A. Kittredge, chief engincer. more particularly to include priceless scenery, such as the Kings Thomas C. Vint, chief landscape architect. Canyon country of California and areas in the vicinity of the Grand FIELD EDUCATIONAL AND FORESTRY HEADQUARTERS Teton and Yellowstone National Parks. This subject is covered more fully in the section "Pending Boundary Problems," beginning (333 Hilgard Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Calif.) on page 20. Ansel F. Hall, senior park naturalist and forester. 3. The passage of the pending legislation for the creation of a na- John D. Coffman, fire control expert. tional park trust fund board is considered extremely important, as Carl P. Russell, field naturalist. it would give necessary authority for the administration of gifts or WILD LIFE SURVEY for the accomplishment of national-park purposes. There is no bequests of funds and securities, the income of which may be applied (213 Hilgard Hall, Unlversity of California, Berkeley, Calif.) George M. Wright, park naturalist aid. authority under existing law under which gifts of money and other Joseph S. Dixon, field naturalist. property may bo administered in this manner. Ben H. Thompson, park naturalist aid. Respectfully submitted. EASTERN FIELD HEADQUARTERS HORACE M. ALBRIGHT, Director. (Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.) Oliver G. Taylor, assistant chief engincer. Charles E. Peterson, assistant chief landscape architect, Yorktown, Va. FISH-CULTURAL INSPECTIONS AND ACTIVITIES (P. O. Box 988, Salt Lake City, Utah) Fred J. Foster, district supervisor, Bureau of Fisherics. SANITARY ENGINEERING (420 Call Building, San Francisco, Calif.) H. B. Hommon, Sanitary Engineer, Public Health Service. THE NATIONAL PARKS Acadia, George B. Dorr, superintendent, Bar Harbor, Me. Bryce Canyon, Preston P. Patraw, superintendent, Zion National Park, Utah. Carlsbad Caverns, Thomas Boles, superintendent, Carlsbad, N. Mex. Crater Lake, Elbert C. Solinsky, superintendent, Crater Lake, Oreg. 69 84 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE APPENDIX C TRAVEL, FISCAL, AND MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS NATIONAL PARKS TABLE -Visitors to the national parks, 1917-1932 Name of park 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 61,000 66,500 169,836 73,779 61,200 71,758 Acadia 11,645 16,645 20,135 28,617 33,016 52, 017 64,312 Crater Lake 13,231 General Grant 15,496 21,574 19,661 30,312 50,456 46,230 35,020 7,390 18,387 9,086 18,956 22,449 19,730 23,935 33,988 33,372 Glacier 67,485 84,700 102,166 108,256 Grand Canyon 37,745 67,315 (2) (2) (2) (2) 10,071 27,750 41,150 52,110 Hawaii 140,000 1 160,490 162,850 1.130,968 106,164 112,000 1 164,175 Hot Springs 1 135, 000 18,500 12,000 12,500 12,000 10,000 10,000 19,500 12,500 Lassen Volcanic 2,287 2,890 3,003 4,251 236 7,109 Mesa Verde 2,223 2,058 (2) (2) 17 234 262 (2) Mount McKinley 55,771 70,371 123, 161,473 35,568 43,901 55,232 56,491 Mount Rainier 135,000 14,431 26,312 27,023 160,000 170,000 117,710 134,874 Platt 101,497 169,492 240,966 1273,737 219,164 218,000 224,211 Rocky Mountain 117,186 18,510 15,001 30,443 31, , 508 28,263 27,514 30,158 34,468 Sequoia Sullys Hill 4,188 4,026 341 9,100 19,548 8,478 8,035 2,207 Wind Cave 136,000 25,000 38,000 28,336 31,016 41,505 52,166 16,742 21,275 62,261 79,777 81,651 98,223 138,352 144,158 Yellowstone 35,400 34,510 58,362 68,906 91,513 100,506 130,040 105,894 Yosemite 33,497 3,692 2,937 4,109 6,408 8, 400 Zion Total 488,268 755,325 919,504 1007,335 1,044,502 1,280,886 1, 422, 353 451,661 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 Name of park 1925 101, 250 123,699 134,8 897 149,554 154, 734 162, 238 237, 596 Acadia 73, 673 21, 907 35, 982 41,572 34, 143 Bryce Canyon 90,104 81,275 61, 474 Carlsbad Caverns 65,018 82,354 113,323 128,4 157,693 170,284 109,738 Crater Lake 86,019 50,597 47,996 51,988 44,783 43,547 51,995 40,806 General Grant 40,517 40,063 41,745 53, 454 70, 742 73, 776 63,497 53,202 Glacier 37,325 Grand Canyon 140,252 162,356 167, 226 184, 093 172, 763 156,964 121,20 134,053 151,500 60, 000 162,000 40,000 Grand Teton Great Smoky Moun- 154,000 300,000 tains 135,000 37,551 78,414 109,857 ,578 124,932 139,603 Hawaii 64,155 1 181,523 1 199,099 184,517 167,062 153,394 201,762 IIot Springs. 1 265,500 1 260,000 18,739 20,089 26,057 26,106 31,755 56,833 41,723 Lassen Volcanic 12,956 9,043 11,015 16,760 14,517 16,656 18,003 15,760 Mesa Verde 1,350 651 038 951 771 357 Mount McKinley 533 802 206 217,783 265,620 293,562 216,065 173,004 161,796 200,051 219,531 Mount Rainier 124,284 294,954 280,638 204,598 178,188 325,000 200, 471 Platt 1 143,380 225,027 1 229,862 235,057 274,408 255,874 265,663 282,980 Rocky Mountain 233,912 46,677 100,684 98,035 111,385 129,221 143,573 131,398 89,404 Sequoia 19,921 22,632 24,979 21,004 21,293 (7) Sullys Hill 9,183 Wind Cave 85,466 81,023 100,309 108,943 88,000 85,000 12,539 69,267 187,807 200,825 230,984 260,697 227,901 221,248 157,624 Yellowstone 154,282 209,166 490,430 400,619 461,257 458,566 461,85 498,289 Yosemite 274,209 10,817 21,964 24,303 30,016 33,383 55,297 59,186 51,650 Zion Total 1, 930,955 2,351,643 2,522,188 2, 680, 507 2, 774, 561 3, 152, 815 2, 948, 507 1,760,872 1 Estimated. No record. visitors; some miners and prospectors also passed through park. Actual park loss in travel from 1921 due largely to better methods of checking monument. and estimating employed. Indicated National park established hy act of May 14, 1930. Formerly the locality. a national $ 6 Much of of this Congress travel, of which Mar. is 3, estimated, 1931, this originated area was transferred in to the Department of Agriculture to be 7 By act administered admissions as a game to preserve. the Cave. Through travel over the park highway is estimated at 100,000 cars Actual carrying 300,000 visitors. 85 NATIONAL PARKS TABLE 8.-Detail comparative statistics of travel and campers, 1931-1932 Number of private Visitors by private automobiles Visitors by stage Visitors by other automobiles Name of park and rail Total visitors Number of means campers 1931 1932 1931 1932 1931 1932 1931 1932 1931 1932 1931 1932 Acadia Bryce Canyon 40,393 58,174 155,788 232.696 6,450 11,714 34,900 (1) Carlsbad Caverns 10,469 39,258 33,118 162,238 2,308 237,596 991 (1) 19,667 6 (1) 27,808 79,580 200,000 34 41,572 1,695 1,474 34,143 (1) 7,348 364 Crater Lake: (1) 81,275 61,474 North entrance West entrance. 1,362 625 4,183 1,999 27,713 13 South entrance 15,331 83,350 6 44,989 198 4,196 19,850 135 2,005 14,592 120 60,106 58 East entrance 45,269 337 83,668 45,182 167 7,264 5,917 122 21,855 70 17,027 60,565 45,506 18 Total 21,855 17,045 56,189 36,465 169,494 109,284 535 302 255 General Grant 152 170,28 109,738 16,647 11,524 Glacier 16,245 12,773 51,995 40,806 Grand Canyon: 16,415 14,150 53,314 46,706 6,046 51,995 3,268 40,806 4,412 4,137 2,597 ,228 South rim entrance 63,497 53,202 13,848 12,944 North rim entrance 34,147 28,455 102,109 84,793 35,150 5,697 21,521 4,648 17,677 14,132 2,028 106,314 821 54,261 50,317 Total 14,953 39,844 33,103 119,786 98,925 37,178 22,342 Grand Teton 156,964 121,267 54,261 50,317 Great Smoky Mountains 216,170 11,432 61,198 39,664 368 251,000 161 Hawaii 85,000 154,000 434 300,000 175 (1) 62,000 (1) 20,000 13,279 (1) Hot springs 31,026 32,204 124,932 139,663 (1) 9,335 254,000 200,000 (1) (1) 13,394 33,651 82,395 107.456 70,999 124,932 94,306 139,663 (1) (1) Lassen Volcanic: 153,394 201,762 3,730 4,491 Warner Valley entrance Juniper Lake entrance 2,401 2,182 7,228 6,713 (1) Sulphur Works entrance 931 (1) 493 2,866 1,513 (1) 7,228 6,713 9.787 (1) Manzanita Lake entrance 6,455 31,447 21,772 (1) 3,222 (1) 2,866 1,513 3,622 10,996 3 22 Lost Creek entrance 10,076 (1) (1) 31,450 21,794 Butte Lake entrance 780 34 3 2,357 114 (1) 3 752 (1) 10,999 10,079 524 1,933 1,510 (1) (1) 2,357 114 Total 1,933 1,510 18,273 12,910 56,827 41.698 6 Mesa Verde 25 56,833 41,723 8,099 11.065 Mount McKinley 5,334 4,914 17,654 15,639 121 52 228 69 771 18,003 357 15,760 10,620 637 771 357 Mount Rainier: 188, 135,661 44,125 47,289 33,587 182,749 132,016 5,935 591 63 54 Nisqually entrance White River entrance 17,591 92,039 70,104 172 18 92,039 70,294 43,540 23,493 Carbon River entrance 3,083 2,205 10,678 7.660 110 10,678 7,770 4,829 769 2,098 2,328 12 2,098 2,340 1,859 Ohanapecosh entrance 608 99,353 Total 74,473 54,152 287,564 212,108 5,935 3,763 63 194 293,562 216,065 194,372 Platt 2 100,000 40,1 325,00 200,471 (1) (1) (1) (1) 2325,000 200.47 2 68,140 98,342 Rocky Mountain: Bear Lake entrance 18,307 24,017 64,890 77,815 1,520 970 418 1,546 66,828 80,331 62,932 Fall River entrance 22,396 17,702 76,208 61,484 2,498 943 669 505 79,375 High Drive entrance 6,473 13,674 22,404 45.670 943 1,007 547 707 23,894 47,384 Grand Lake entrance 14,642 14,758 46,301 45,764 641 600 195 394 47,137 46,758 8,006 5,930 4,773 4,985 12,779 10,915 Other entrances 2,196 1,450 Unclassified pre-season 11,415 9,758 35,650 34,660 35,650 34,660 Total 75,429 81,359 253,459 271,323 5,602 3,520 6,602 8,137 265, 282, 1,664 12,743 Sequoia: Ash Mountain entrance 40,787 37,282 127,316 116,476 Mineral King entrance. 3,914 3,538 9,652 298. 143,573 131,398 59,266 75,927 Total 44,701 40,820 136,968 125,774 211 245 6,394 5,379 Wind Cave 25,000 4,500 281,500 12,539 3,500 (1) (1) (1) 258,000 12,539 500 620 Yellowstone: North entrance 13,311 10,857 41,272 33.506 6,693 3,242 249 775 48,214 37,523 342 360 79,371 54,232 West entrance 21,407 15,350 70,157 50,127 8,872 3,745 East entrance 21,825 15,322 67,868 47,458 3,203 1,524 247 294 71,318 49,276 South entrance 7.093 5,209 22,126 16,500 161 61 58 32 22,345 16,593 147,591 18,929 8,572 896 1,461 221, 248 157,624 135, 613 66,329 Total 63.636 46,738 201,423 Yosemite: Arch Rock entrance, 83,296 94,298 240,541 280,034 Mariposa Grove 17,098 20,854 55,564 67,263 Alder Creek 13,561 18,220 41,425 54,248 Tuolumne Grove 13,565 10,241 37,869 30,232 Aspen Valley 7,716 6.814 20,458 18.753 Tioga Pass 10,958 6,326 29,546 17,829 Mather 4,756 5,021 13,036 14,502 Total 150,950 161,774 438,439 482,861 20,785 12,736 2,631 2,692 461,855 498,289 2 132,000 165.000 Zion 18,215 16,180 56,687 50.483 2,438 1,087 61 80 59,186 1,650 18,825 11,026 1 No record kept. 2 Estimated. , Rail and steamboat. 4 Includes 41 passengers in private planes and 81 passengers in military planes who landed at Grand Canyon Airlines Airport. 5 6 Estimated number of cars used by visitors who went into the cave; approximately 100,000 cars went over park highway during season. Includes both campers and picnickers. :Actual admissions to the cave. Through travel over the park highway is estimated at 100,000 cars carrying 300,000 persons. 88 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 89 NATIONAL PARKS TABLE 9.-Visitors to the national monuments, 1927-1932 1 NATIONAL PARKS TABLE 1.-Automobile and motor-cycle licenses issued during seasons 1928-1932 Name 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 Arches (Utah) 500 Aztec Ruins (New Mexico) 200 405 2400 7,298 18,359 193 Bandelier (New Mexico) 12,906 10,710 8,322 Name of park 1 Auto- Motor Auto- Motor Auto- Motor Auto- Motor Auto- Motor Canyon de Chelly (Arizona) 4,164 Capulin Mountain (Now Mexico) 423 395 mobiles cycles mobiles cycles mobiles cycles mobiles cyclos mobiles cycles 12,617 2,600 Carlsbad Cave (New Mexico) 12,000 210,500 18.000 25,000 26,436 Casa Grande (Arizona) 46,335 76,822 (3) (3) (3) 28,818 28,274 ,244 Chaco Canyon (New Mexico) 36,656 27,675 1,895 Colonial (Virginia) 1,500 Crater Lake 27,898 46 23,954 46 37,595 10 35,716 51 29, 637 425 2,750 2,300 1,780 2,725. General Grant 6,380 6,028 7,199 7,397 5,900 Colorado (Colorado) 400,000 9,500 Glacier 7,350 5 7,577 10,498 7 11,362 10,712 11 10,000 Craters of the Moon (Idaho) 12,000 13,000 2 16,000 18,000 5,771 7,768 Grand Canyon 26,429 29,229 33,780 36,797 32,651 Devils Tower (Wyoming) 7,730 7,365 5,885 6,296 10,400 8,000 Lassen Volcanic 4,803 3 El Morro (New Mexico) 12,000 14,720 11,000 11,585 Mesa Verde 4,256 13 3,926 9 , 599 4,863 4,382 5,178 5,356 George Washington Birthplace (Virginia) 2,625 3,500 3,854 2,700 Mount Rainier 32,885 33 32,184 61 35,498 28 41,217 16 44,719 Gran Quivira (New Mexico) 10,000 22,500 65,154 2,034 2,779 Sequoia 3 16,599 799 20,998 21,802 18,304 Great Sand Dunes (Colorado) 3,357 4,812 1,232 3,814 ellowstone 54,139 179 6,150 159 63,853 187 56,401 176 52,597 155 Hovenweep (Utah-Colorado) 2500 Y osemite 75,213 183 ,229 167 81,365 186 76,678 175 67,482 120 263 240 2450 Montezuma Castle (Arizona) 2400 2440 2400 15, 400 Zion 6,107 822 10,284 15,754 12,967 16,232 Muir Woods (California) 17,824 19,298 14,411 14,000 101,514 103,571 93,358 Natural Bridges (Utah) 77,311 73,717 50,746 Total 257,256 459 256,898 442 305, 669 418 307,987 418 284, 154 298 82 175 260 300 Navajo (Arizona) 368 344 260 315 965 215 Papago Saguaro (Arizona) 300 300 60,540 Petrified Forest (Arizona) 66,450 287,600 50,000 (5) (5) 1 No licenses required for Wind Cave, Hot Springs, Platt, Hawaii, Sullys Hill, Rocky Mountain, Carls- 61,761 75,225 Pinnacles (California) 69,350 105,433 93,898 84,228 11,265 bad Caverns, Mount McKinley, and Ácadia National Parks. 13,216 Pipe Spring (Arizona) 10,756 11,862 12,813 14,238 16,853 2 No license required prior to 1932 fiscal year. 17,321 Rainbow Bridge (Utah) 24,883 8,765 2,300 2,100 3 300 License requried only for Giant Forest Road. 200 450 Scotts Bluff (Nebraska) 325 350 325 2 30,000 237,500 Shoshone Cavern (Wyoming) 242,500 24,500 248,000 45,000 Licenses not required in certain parks because of small road mileage or unimproved condition of roads 300 (see footnote 1). Licenses also not required for travel on unimproved roads in other parks. No charge Sitka (Alaska) 3,000 3,000 Tumacacori (Arizona) 3,500 2,000 28,000 6,500 for license issued for operating cars on official business. 16,761 17,341 Verendrye (North Dakota) 18,250 15,603 12.036 13,758 15,000 15,000 Wupatki (Arizona) 11,500 28,000 2,000 2,000 NATIONAL PARKS TABLE 12.-Receipts collected from automobiles and motor cycles 2450 500 2550 684 Yucca House (Colorado) 650 2850 during seasons 1928-1932 196 174 250 240 264 240 Total 443,197 502,656 567,667 472, 392,011 806,089 Name of park 1 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1 No records for other national monuments. 2 Estimated. Crater Lake $27,944.00 $24,000.00 $37,623.00 $35, 803.00 $29,087.00 3 Made a national park by act of Congress approved May 14, 1930. 4 General Grant 3,190.00 3,014.00 3,599.50 3, 098. 2,950.00 Includes 225,000 attending Sesquicontounial colobration. Glacier 3,355.00 7,577.00 506.0 11, 302.00 11,092.00 5 National monument status of Papago Saguaro abolished by act of Congress approved Apr. 7, 1930. Grand Canyon 26,429.00 29,300.00 33,988. 00 36, 950.0 32,764.00 Lassen Volcanic 2 5,778.50 NATIONAL PARKS TABLE 10.-Entries of private automobiles to the national parks Mesa Verde 4,269.00 3,944.00 4,644.00 917.00 4,396.00 Mount Rainier 32,918.00 32,245.00 $5,526.00 41,233.00 44,719.00 during seasons 1925-1932 1 Sequoia 3 16,599.00 16,799.00 20,998.00 21,802.00 18,304.00 Yellowstone 162,596.00 168,608.00 192,218.00 169,379.00 156,537.00 Yosemite 150,609.00 148,613.00 162,784.00 153,531.00 135,831.00 Name of park 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 Zion 053. 3,431.50 7,521.00 15,400.00 12,976.00 1932 Acadia 2 9,381 15, 361 29, 181 31,998 35,972 Total 434,962.50 437,531.50 509,407.50 494,075.5 455, .034. Bryce Canyon 37,118 10,393 58,174 ,223 Carlsbad Caverns 3 10,007 11,734 10,469 Crater Lake 28,850 27,808 19,667 9,451 26,442 25,667 34,869 1 39,043 General Grant 51,020 No licenses required for Wind Cave, Hot Springs, Platt, Hawaii, Sullys Hill, Rocky Mountain, Carls- 56,189 36,40 11,108 12,869 13,172 14,681 bad Caverns, Mount McKinley, and Ácadia National Parks. Glacier 12,995 13,924 16,245 12,773 7,585 6,727 7,980 .860 14,320 Grand Canyon 18,318 16,415 14,150 2 No license required prior to 1932 fiscal year. 19,910 849 28,479 32,316 Grand Teton 37,848 39,572 39,84 33,103 License required only for Giant Forest Road. Great Smoky Mountains 4 16,200 20,000 16,170 1,432 Hawaii 2 51,000 85,000 NATIONAL PARKS TABLE 13.-Statement of appropriations made for, and revenues 12,650 36,500 8,345 Hot Springs 2 14,505 18,347 28,251 31,026 32,204 received from, the various national parks and national monuments, and expendi- 1,559 1,455 Lassen Volcanic 28,290 25,426 13,394 33,551 2,646 5,423 5,899 8,137 8,370 tures made therefrom during recent fiscal years 1 Mesa Verde 896 18,273 12,910 2,197 3,054 3,315 4,803 Mount Rainier 4, 224 023 5,334 4,914 39,860 38,626 48,275 Platt 2 50,005 51,998 62,866 74,947 54,180 60,000 Appropriations 45,796 75,000 70,000 Rocky Mountain 2 65,000 71,500 100,000 40,174 58,057 50,407 54,109 57,381 Sequoia 67,682 Revenue re- 73,101 75,429 81,359 14,273 26,503 30,165 29,290 Name of the national park 33,250 colved Sullys Ilill 39,631 44,701 40,820 2,271 4,484 Appropri- 4,700 5,229 936 Wind Cave 2 4,284 (7) ated Expended 22,598 28,332 26,879 33,300 36,317 Yellowstone 20,000 25,000 4,500 33,068 4,326 49,055 58,186 Yosemito 68,415 63,588 63,795 46,846 49,229 74,885 137,296 131,689 132,00 Zion 141,267 151,126 161,909 3,928 706 6,203 7,532 612 15,633 18,215 16,180 Acadia (formerly Lafayette): 1928 $37,940.00 $37,376.9 Total 368,212 417, 557,079 595, 689, 897, 1929 39,000.00 779, ,275 810,780 1929 (deficiency) 1,355.00 40,014.00 52,600.00 48,701.52 1 Automobiles and motor cycles entering parks with or without licenses, to and including Sept. 30, 1932 1930 t No license required. 1931 9,900.00 56,984.42 1932 61,600.00 59,892.14 1 National park established by act of May 14, 1930. Formerly a national monument. 4 Estimated 1933 59,400.00 5 Count made only at public camp ground. Bryce Canyon: 6 License required only for Giant Forest Road. 1930 26,100.00 21,580.01 7 By act of Congress of Mar. 3, 1931, this area was transferred to the Department of Agriculture to be 1931 13,700.00 13,700.00 administered as a game preserve 1932 20,000.00 19,257.50 1933 14,800.00 Estimated. Approximately 100,000 cars went over park highway during 1932 season, but only 4,500 cars (estimated) were used hy persons actually entering the cave. See footnotes at end of table. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REPORT 1 OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1929 AND THE TRAVEL SEASON, 1929 OF SECURITY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1929 CONTENTS Introduction National The year's Resignation most of Stephen conspicuous events park T. Mather Page Lassen National Park Park Yellowstone Grand Teton and National monument system enlarged 1 I established 2 Yosemite New National Acadia National Volcanic National Park Park 3 3. Proposed park Arches National Park adjustments Monument 4 4 4 Zion National National Park Park 4 Eastern Bryce Canyon National Park 5 Progress national park projects 5 5 The The Shenandoah on Smoky Mountains project 6 Transfer The Ouachitn of project of other proposed project park and Investigations Mammoth Cave project 6. 6 7 8 Educational The private Congress military situation parks and monuments monument not authorized areas by Seventieth 8 land 8 N Educationeducational Report of committee development. 9 10 Educational Museum development plans Division developed in Washington organization planned 10 12 Lectures Libraries in in the the national parks 12 15 Field trips national 16 Universities Self-guiding Wild-flower conducted gardens and nature by trails parks ranger naturalists 16. 17 17 Forest Archeological Funds protection donated investigation and for colleges conduct activities field classes in parks 18 18 18 The fire menace 18 Glacier Park fire 19 Expert Preservation Insect advisers and of tree-disease park landscape control work 19 20 20 Condition Studies of park continue fauna study of Yosemite 21 22 Fish-culture Predatory of wild-animal animal control problems conducted 22 23 Sanitation Winter in the work parks 24 25 The Service airplane use by the of problem the public national utility parks operators 25. 26. Eleventh Airplanes national at the Grand Canyon 27 28 Appropriations Park road development and park revenues conference 29 30 II National Service wrongly classified 30 Rocky Interburcau Capital and State Park and Planning 31 31 Legislation park developments. Foreign Donations Park under cooperation Federal Commission jurisdiction Mountain 31 32 33 33 Other Bills euacted into 34 measures 34 session of the introduced or 35 not receive partially the Congress acted 36 of the which President failed during the second 36 of passage or did 39 IV CONTENTS Legislation-Continued. Page Bills introduced in the first session of the Seventy-First Congress and still pending 40 Presidential proclamations 41 Executive orders 41 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF Individual park reports in Appendix C 42 Conclusion 42 THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Appendix A.-The national parks and monuments: The national parks administered by the National Park Service, De- partment of the Interior 44 The national military and other parks administered by the War De- 45 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, partment The national monuments administered by the National Park Service, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, Department of the Interior 46 Washington, D. C., October 14, 1929. The national inonuments administered by the Department of Agri- The SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. culture 48 The national monuments administered by the War Department 49 SIR: In submitting to you this thirteenth annual report of the Appendix B.-Statistics: National Park Service, I wish to express, on iny own behalf and Visitors to the national parks, 1914-1929 50 Visitors to the national monuments, 1924-1929 51 that of our field officials, deep appreciation of the interest which Private automobiles entering the national parks during seasons 1922- you have taken in the national parks. Your visits to several of 1929 51 these reservations during the past summer, and particularly your Automobile and motor-cycle licenses issued during seasons 1925-1929. 52 meeting the superintendents at the opening of the Yellowstone con- Receipts collected from automobiles and motor-cycles during seasons 1925-1929 52 ference, have been a source of inspiration and encouragement to us Statement of appropriations made for, and revenues received from, all. the various national parks and national monuments, and expendi- As has been the practice in past years, this report of conditions tures made therefrom during the fiscal years 1917-1929, inclusive; also appropriations for the fiscal year 1930 53 in the National Park Service and progress of work in general covers Summary of appropriations for administration, protection, and im- the fiscal year ended June 30, 1929, although for comparative pur- proveinent of the national parks and national monuments, together poses in connection with travel statistics the travel year has been with the revenues received, for the fiscal years 1917-1930 59 considered as ending September 30. Progress of road and other Statement of amounts transferred under the authority contained in the appropriation acts to transfer 10 per cent from one appropriation construction work, which is done on a seasonal rather than a fiscal to another 59 year basis, is also reported for the year ended September 30. Appendix C.-Reports of officers in charge of the national parks and Again all travel records have been broken, with a total amount of monuments, and engineering, educational, and forestry divisions: 60 3,248,264 visitors to the national parks and monuments. Of these, Acadia National Park Bryce Canyon National Park 62 2,680,597 visited the parks, an increase of 158,409 over 1928. The Crater Lake National Park 64 monument total of 567,667 visitors was 65,011 more than recorded General Grant National Park 68 last year. Among the visitors were the members of the subcommittee Glacier National Park 70 77 of the House Appropriations Committee, handling appropriations Grand Canyon National Park Grand Teton National Park 84 for the Department of Agriculture, accompanied by Forester Stuart, Hawaii National Park 86 head of the United States Forest Service. This party visited Yellow- Hot Springs National Park 91 stone, Mount Rainier, Yosemite, Zion, and Bryce Canyon National Lassen Volcanic National Park 95 Mesa Verde National Park 98 Parks. The Park Service was glad to cooperate in making arrange- Mount McKinley National Park 106 ments inside the parks for the party. While the trip was not made Mount Rainier National Park 107 in connection with park matters, we appreciated the interest which Platt National Park 115 Rocky Mountain National Park 116 the members took in coordinating Park Service problems with those Sequoia National Park 122 of the Forest Service. I regret that the Senate Public Lands Com- Sullys Hill National Park 127 mittee was unable to make the park trip planned, and hope that they Wind Cave National Park 128 may be able to arrange it for next summer under the leadership Yellowstone National Park 130 144 of Senator Nye. Yosemite National Park Zion National Park 150 Southwestern National Monuments 155 THE YEAR'S MOST CONSPICUOUS EVENTS Carlsbad Cave National Monument 158 Craters of the Moon National Monument 160 The outstanding event of the year was the adoption by Congress Muir Woods National Monument 160 Pinnacles National Monument 161 of a policy directing that the private holdings in the national parks Report of civil engincering division 161 shall be acquired, and authorizing the employment of the power of Report of the landscape architectural division 163 condemnation, if necessary, in order to accomplish this purpose. Report of the educational division 169 Authorization of a fund of $3,000,000, of which $250,000 in cash Report of the forestry division 173 1 2 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 3 was actually appropriated, these funds to be matched by equal Under your splendid leadership the people of the Nation have been awak- amounts of private contributions, was the financial structure set up ened to the beauties and possibilities of the national parks and the necessity to carry out the plan. A friend of the service immediately agreed of conserving these areas for all time. So firmly have you built the founda- tions of the National Park Service that it is now bound to move firmly on- to match as much of the funds as might be necessary to acquire ward along the lines of greatest service to the people. Taken all in the magnificent stands of sugar and yellow pine on private lands all, you have achieved results that I believe no other man could have accom- in Yosemite National Park which were in imminent danger of plished in the early days of organization and administration during the trying destruction. period of the World War and its aftermath. The high lights of our educational activities for the year were Newspaper and magazine tributes to Mr. Mather's character and the report of the informal educational committee, the appointment public achievements appeared in all sections of the country. A fine of an educational advisory board, headed by Dr. J. C. Merriam, appreciation of his work was voiced by Congressman Louis C. Cram- president of the Carnegie Institution, and the continuation of trail- ton, of Michigan, in an address in the House of Representatives, and side and branch museum development in Yellowstone National Park, this in turn was widely quoted and commended by the press. The all of these achievements being made possible by grants of the Pugsley gold medal was awarded to Mr. Mather by the American Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial. Notable progress was also Scenic and Historic Preservation Society this past year, and the made in educational division planning, extension of lecture and gold medal of the National Institute of Social Sciences in 1926 for guide service, compilation of scientific data, and publication of his service to the Nation in the development and administration of Nature Notes, our little magazine issuing from various parks in the national parks. He was awarded the degree of doctor of laws mimeograph form. by George Washington University in 1921 and by the University Park visitors benefited by the road improvements which it has of California in 1924 for his conspieuous service to the country in been possible to make during the past several years under enlarged the fields of conservation and education. appropriations. With the passing of jurisdiction over Rocky Moun- Briefly summing up national park affairs under his administra- tain National Park to the Federal Government, our first major road tion, when Mr. Mather entered Government service as assistant to construction project has been initiated in that park through the the Secretary in 1915 there were 14 national parks and 18 national letting of a contract for the construction of the first section of the monuments, with a combined area of 7,426 square miles, and $253,- Trail Ridge Road to cross the Continental Divide. 646.80 was appropriated to maintain them. In addition the War The establishment of the Grand Teton National Park, through Department was allowed $245,000 for road work and maintenance congressional act approved last February, ended a 31-year effort to in several of the parks during 1915. At the present time there are give this outstanding area park status. I believe this new park, 21 national parks and 33 national monuments, with a total area of which is located about 11 miles. south of the Yellowstone in the heart 15,846 square miles. For the 1929 fiscal year $4,754,015 was appro- of the picturesque "dude ranch country, is destined to become one priated for the administration and maintenance of the national of the most popular of the system. parks and monuments, and in addition $4,000,000 was authorized for construction of roads and trails. RESIGNATION OF STEPHEN T. MATHER NATIONAL PARK AND MONUMENT SYSTEM ENLARGED Early in this report I record the resignation of Stephen T. Mather, Since the submission of the 1928 annual report of the National the first director and founder, in more than one sense, of the National Park Service, the total area of the national parks has been increased Park Service. Coming into Government service in 1915, before there was a park bureau, Mr. Mather gave all his time and thoughts and from 11,846 to 12,118 square miles and that of the national monu- ments from 3,723.7 to 3,728 square miles. These changes were caused energy to the furtherance of the park work during the next 14 years. Through his earnest efforts the National Park Service through the establishment of new reservations and by boundary emerged from a desired ideal to an accomplished fact, and great revisions, as indicated below. strides forward were made along all lines of park endeavor. Espe- GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK ESTABLISHED cially noteworthy were the results he obtained in attracting an unusually high class of men to positions of responsibility in the The creation of the Grand Teton National Park in the State of Park Service and in interesting capital in the development of public Wyoming, by act of Congress approved February 26, 1929, added utilities in the parks themselves. Mr. Mather was personally be- the twenty-first national park to the system and brought to a suc- loved by every member of his organization, and for this reason cessful termination a 31-year effort to give parkhood to the most alone his resignation caused each and every one of us poignant sor- spectacular portion of the Teton Mountain Range. The new park, l'OW and regret. located about 11 miles south of the southern boundary of Yellow- When he was forced to retire last January on account of ill health, stone National Park, has an area of approximately 150 square miles. brought on largely through his steadfast devotion to his work, Sec- The Grand Teton Mountain group, within the park area, is one of retary West, in accepting his resignation, paid high tribute to him the noblest and most spectacular in the world, probably being more when he said: comparable with the Swiss Alps than other American mountain ranges. On the west the new park borders the famous Jackson Hole Senate on February 23 by Senator Johnson. On March 3, 10 days country. after its introduction in the House, the legislation received the The park was dedicated to public use on July 29. The Governor approval of the President. of Wyoming and other State officials, members of the National Edi- torial Association, which had been holding a convention in Cheyenne, NEW ARCHES NATIONAL MONUMENT railroad officials, and others interested attended the dedicatory cere- monies held at String Lake in the shadow of the mighty Tetons. The thirty-third national monument of the system administered by the National Park Service was established last April. when Presi- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK dent Hoover signed the proclamation creating the Arches National Monument, in Grand County, Utah. The new monument has an The area of Yellowstone National Park was enlarged by 78 square area of 4,520 acres. In it are extraordinary examples of the work miles through boundary revisions on the north and east. Additions of wind erosion in the form of gigantic arches, natural bridges, to the northwest corner included the drainage areas of certain window openings, balanced rocks, and other unique wind-worn streams emptying into the Gallatin River and those to the north. formations, which it is desired to preserve because of their educa- east corner included all of the headwaters of the Lamar River in tional and scenic value. the park. The east boundary was also changed to follow the crest of With the addition of this new monument the total area of the the Absaroka Range as a natural boundary line, to aid in good national monuments administered by the National Park Service is administration. These changes were in conformity with the recom- 3,728 square miles. mendations of the President's Coordinating Commission on National Parks and National Forests. PROPOSED PARK BOUNDARY ADJUSTMENTS LASSEN VOLCANIC NATIONAL PARK Studies continued to be made of certain existing national parks to ascertain the desirability, from either a scenic or an administrative Lassen Volcanic Park, in northern California, was enlarged by standpoint, of adjusting their boundaries. the addition of 39 square miles. The new area contains some interest- ing spectacles associated with the volcanic plienomena which was YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK primarily responsible for the establishment of the park, and also includes some land which serves as a summer habitat for deer and The most important boundary survey undertaken during 1928-29 was needed to provide adequate sanctuary and grazing ground for was that made by the new Yellowstone Boundary Commission ap- park animals. pointed by President Hoover under congressional authorization to ACADIA NATIONAL PARK determine the advisability of further changing park boundary lines, with particular reference to the southwestern and southeastern sec- The area of the Lafayette National Park, on Mount Desert Island, tions. The addition of the Upper Yellowstone region, long proposed Me., was enlarged to 16 square miles, and authority was given the by park authorities for addition on the southeast, would give a Secretary of the Interior to accept donations of certain important natural boundary to this portion of the park and at the same time headlands and islands off Mount Desert Island, in the act that also would add some exceedingly interesting rugged wilderness country changed its name to Acadia. This latter change was in line with the which possesses national-park characteristics. In the bottoms along policy of the department to employ where possible only such names the rivers and creeks in this section the moose native to the region as are descriptive of a park region or are associated with it from find their most favored feeding grounds, and the addition of the earliest times. Acadia, the naine once applied to the region in which region to the Yellowstone could be justified on the ground of pro- the park is located, is of native origin, coming from an Indian word tecting the moose, were it not for its scenic quality. The Upper apparently describing the region that was in use among the early Yellowstone country, with the adjacent portion of the present park, fishermen and traders from the sea and that was brought back by constitutes one of the largest wilderness areas remaining in America, them to Europe before recorded explorations of the area by either and it is proposed to keep it in its wild state if added to the park, the French or English. never permitting the construction of roads, hotels, or other such modern structures. YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK The Bechler River Basin, in the southwestern corner of the park, has long been desired by irrigation interests in eastern Idaho for Another boundary adjustment that has been authorized, but has use as a reservoir site. This has been consistently opposed by the not yet actually been effected, is in Yosemite National Park, where National Park Service. These differences of opinion culminated in the President is empowered to add an area containing magnificent referring the entire question to the boundary commission for an sugar pine stands in the watershed of the South Fork of the Tuol- impartial opinion. umne River. The area to be added will be about 7,000 acres. The The members of the President's commission carefully investigated bill authorizing this addition was introduced in the House of Repre- both these areas during the summer, and it was my privilege to sentatives by Representative Englebright on February 21 and in the accompany them through the Upper Yellowstone country. Repre- 16 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE EDUCATIONAL PLANS DEVELOPED An interesting museum was also made available to visitors to Las- sen Volcanic National Park last summer, through the donation to Comprehensive plans for the development of general educational the Government of a museum and 40 acres of land on which it work in the national parks, stating the general principles of adminis- stands by B. F. Loomis, of California. The museum, for which tration of the educational division as a whole, were carefully worked plans were approved by the landscape architectural division, is de- out and approved during the past year. This general plan is supple- voted to exhibits of the volcanic history of the area, including a mented by individual plans outlining the educational activities for photographic account of the latest eruptions of Lassen Peak. In a the various national parks. Several naturalists from the individual separate building, constructed on the same plan as the central parks were detailed to the educational headquarters at Berkeley, museum, is an exhibition seismograph under glass, which is of great Calif., during the winter to assist in the preparation of administra- public interest. The seismograph instruments were installed by tive plans for the current operation of the educational activities in the Geological Survey of the Department of the Interior and are their individual parks and to secure scientific data needed for the use designed to measure earthquake shocks and tremors around the of their local staffs. This proved to be an excellent method of train- Lassen Peak regions. ing the educational personnel in their special fields of activity. The interesting museum at Mesa Verde National Park, made pos- MUSEUM DEVELOPMENT sible entirely through gifts from friends of the park, was immensely popular last season. Acquisitions to the museum during the year The American Association of Museums, which has taken such a as a result of archeological investigations in the old cliff-dweller keen interest in museum development in the national parks, con- ruins are mentioned under the heading "Archeology." tinued to advise and assist in this work during the past year. The Small museums were maintained at several of the other national greatest museum activity was in Yellowstone National Park, where parks, as well as at six of the monuments in the southwestern group. under a grant of $118,000 secured a year ago by the Museum Asso- In these latter reservations the museum exhibits are not, as a rule, ciation from the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, a definite- labeled. Instead the custodian or the guide shows visitors through policy of museum expansion was in progress. The museum of both the ruins and the museum, explaining the various exhibits. hydrothermal phenomena, begun last year at Old Faithful, was com- LIBRARIES IN THE NATIONAL PARKS pleted and put into operation. During the past season this was successful beyond all expectations, and it is proving to be one of There is need for the establishment of libraries in the national the major educational features of the park. Illustrated lectures were parks for use by members of the educational staffs and also for the given nightly in the court of the museum, the attendance sometimes reference use of visitors interested in particular phases of natural reaching as high as 1,500 at one lecture. Construction of a smaller history. The value of such libraries has been amply demonstrated branch museum at Norris Geyser Basin is now in progress. This, by the use of the one maintained in connection with the Yosemite like the one at Old Faithful, will be chiefly one of hydrothermal museum. During the past year many books were added to that phenomena, but its exhibits will in no way duplicate those of Old library, and the small library in Yellowstone National Park was Faithful, due to the differences in types of formations, hot springs, much enlarged. Considerable progress was made at educational and geysers found in the two localities. Anotlier branch museum headquarters toward the compilation of a bibliography of books on now under construction is located at Madison Junction, at the con- all the national parks. fluence of the Firehole and Gibbon Rivers. In this museum, located near the site of the camp fire of the Washburn-Langford-Doane LECTURES IN THE NATIONAL PARKS expedition of 1870, at which the fate of the Yellowstone was dis- cussed and the national park idea first advanced, will be an exhibit Especially interesting were the lectures given in the national telling the story of this camp-fire discussion and its far-reaching parks during the season at the hotels, lodges, and community build- results. Both the Madison Junction and Norris Geyser Basin ings, and around the camp fires. Although covering scientific and museuns will be conducted as trail-side museums. Trail-side ex- technical subjects, these lectures were given in popular form SO as hibits, lookouts, and other branch museums are being planned for to appeal to all listeners, whether scientifically trained or not. As other points throughout the park, each to be a unit of the general an example of the type of men who are offering their services to museum and educational development. assist in this work, last summer three popular scientific lectures on The museum at Yosemite National Park, established in 1924 The Past, Present, and Future of the Giant Sequoia were given through the cooperation and generosity of the American Associa- at Giant Forest in Sequoia National Park by Dr. Ralph W. Chaney, tion of Museums and the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, internationally known paleobotanist, under the auspices of the Car- functioned excellently during the past season and served an esti- negic Institution of Washington. Many teachers of note through- mated total of 439,852 people, by far the largest number that has out the country are serving on the educational staff. More than half yet used the museum. The Glacier Point Lookout also proved very a million people heard the various lectures throughout the parks popular during the season, as did the new branch museum in-- during the season. stalled at the Mariposa Grove of big trees. 22 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 23 ing on private lands either within or without SO long as the present laxness with regard to proper slash disposal and operation of engines to one park for an entire season, or longer if necessary, to enable in the woods during periods of high fire hazard is permitted to con- him to familiarize himself with the entire area of the park and be- tinue on private holdings. Only through the combined efforts of come acquainted with the local conditions, the development plans of all agencies, Federal, State, and private, can a proper protection counties and States in connection with approaches to the park that program be worked out that will prevent a repetition of the circum- have such a bearing on the future, proposed adjustments in park stances which made possible this catastrophe. ahead. boundaries, and the plans for public operators for many years INSECT AND TREE-DISEASE CONTROL WORK During the year a general revision was made of the specifications covering the landscaping features on road construction. In the past The effectiveness of insect control measures taken by the Bureau a specification has been made for each project, but under this new of Entomology and the National Park Service during recent years procedure standard specifications were drawn up covering such became evident this past season, when infestation conditions in SCV- points as are common to every construction job. To supplement eral of the parks recently under control were found better than for these general specifications, a check list of points applicable to par- several years past. Both Yellowstone and Yosemite National Parks ticular types of work was also made up. This will be of valuable were free from serious epidemic infestations, although a certain assistance in the future in checking plans from a landscape angle amount of control work was necessary in both these areas. Winter use of certain of the national parks has brought about an The most serious insect infestations occurred in Crater Lake and entirely new perspective of developments and improvements on the Glacier National Parks. In the former an especially severe attack part of park officers. Whereas formerly construction was planned by the mountain pine beetle required prompt suppressive measures, primarily for summer use, it is essential in the future, in all parks while a survey of the white pine near headquarters in Glacier Park, where winter-sport use is encouraged, that no construction or de- made by representatives of the Bureau of Plant Industry and the velopment be undertaken that does not fully consider its use under Bureau of Entomology, showed a serious condition. In fact, it is winter as well as summer conditions. While this will necessarily the opinion of these experts that unless prompt and drastic steps involve larger appropriations at the time of construction, it will are takeu to eradicate the infestation, the white pine stands in the avoid waste later on. Lake McDonald district are doomed. Roadside clean-up was continued in Yellowstone National Park Field investigations to determine the seriousness of the infestations both with Federal funds and donations. Approximately 69 miles generally are conducted by Bureau of Entomology experts and con- of roadsides have been cleaned to date, 45 miles with donated funds. trol measures planned and supervised by them, although the work This work has included the removal not only of logs and other is actually carried out by Park Service employees. Last summer the débris of that nature along the roads, but also of obsolete structures park naturalist and chief ranger of Yellowstone Park attended a such as sprinkling tanks and pipe lines. Roadside clean-up has also class of instruction conducted by the Bureau of Entomology at Wis- been continued in Crater Lake Park under an allotment of Govern- dom, Mont., for the purpose of obtaining information on the moun- ment funds. Some planting was also done here.t eliminate dust. tain pine beetle, and at present an intensive survey is being made to The landscape division has in course of preparation a schedule of discover whether this insect has entered the park from infested areas data pertaining to the planting needs of both the park administra- outside. tion and the public operators at Yellowstone National Park, with The most important tree disease threatening the forests of the the idea of inaugurating a definite planting project. national parks is the white pine blister rust. An intensive survey of the rust situation in Acadia National Park was made by the office EXPERT ADVISERS CONTINUE STUDY OF YOSEMITE of blister rust control of the Bureau of Plant Industry, and careful plans made for its cradication. Expert field examinations for this The board of expert advisers appointed under congressional tree disease were also made in Mount Rainier and Glacier National authority to study and assist in the solution of problems in connec- Parks. tion with the management of Yosemite Valley continued its pains- PRESERVATION OF PARK LANDSCAPE taking study of conditions in the valley during the past year. The original members, Duncan McDuffie, John P. Buwalda, and Fred- The landscape architectural division continued to supervise all erick Law Olmsted, continued to serve. While some of their de- work affecting the park landscape, such as the location of roads cisions have relieved situations that are immediate, in the main their and the location and type of bridges, buildings, and other struc- studies are directed toward the future development of the valley. tures. Although enlarged during the year, this division was still The proposal to build a cableway from the floor of Yosemite handicapped by not having sufficient personnel to give broadgauge Valley to Glacier Point, SO often advanced, was given thorough study treatment to park landscape problems. Such problems can not be by the board of experts. While agrecing that some suitable rapid solved by a casual inspection. Therefore one of the needs of the means of mechanical transportation between the valley floor and future is a landscape personnel large enough to assign an architect Glacier Point would be very advantageous to the best enjoyment of the park by the public, it was felt that the disadvantages from an esthetic standpoint would far outweigh the usefulness of a cable. 30 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 31 THE AIRPLANE PROBLEM ELEVENTH NATIONAL PARK CONFERENCE The newest transportation problem in the national parks is pre- sented by the airplane. Up to the present time the National Park The Eleventh National Park Conference was held in Yellowstone Service has not permitted the construction of permanent landing National Park, Wyo., from September 18 to 27, 1929. It was at- fields within park areas, upon the grounds that airplane transporta- tended by the superintendents of all the major national parks, the tion was still in its experimental stage, and that until more safeguards general field engineering, landscape, and educational officers, and were assured the public in this mode of travel the service could not other field officers. The Washington office was represented by the sanction it. Director and the Associate Director. Officials of cooperative bu- There is no doubt, however, but that the airplane, probably in the reaus and other agencies were also invited to attend. The first four near future, will become an accepted means of transportation to days were spent in studying the operations of Yellowstone Park and various parks, if not within them. Realizing that when this happens visiting the newly-established Grand Teton National Park to the it will be necessary to provide facilities for airplane transportation, south. The business sessions, which lasted another four days, were and make regulations concerning its operations within park bound- held at park headquarters at Mammoth Hot Springs, with two more aries, former Secretary West on February 20, 1928, called a confer- days devoted to conferring with various officials on their individual ence of interested parties, at which the entire question was discussed. problems. Special attention was devoted to road and trail problems, Attending this meeting, in addition to the department and service educational activities, landscape protection, fire control, patented officials, were representatives of the various western railroads, park land problems, and matters of public contact. operators, representatives of the aviation interests, and others inter- After each of these service conferences I am more and more im- ested in the subject generally, either from the point of view of pressed with the important part they fill in bringing about personal aviation or of preservation of the national parks in their natural contact between the various field representatives, and between them condition. and officials from both field and Washington headquarters. The No definite decision was reached at the conference, but at its close cost is more than justified by the results obtained. Secretary West appointed a committee to give further study to the matter. The committee consists of Representative L. C. Cramton, APPROPRIATIONS AND REVENUES the Secretary of the Interior, and the Director of the National Park The total appropriations to the National Park Service for the Service, with such additions as the committee itself may wish to fiscal year 1929 were $4,754,015, with additional authority to enter make. into contractual obligations for road work up to $4,000,000. This AIRPLANES AT THE GRAND CANYON includes $17,500 contained in the second deficiency act of 1928, ap- Two years ago sightseeing trips by airplane over the Grand Canyon proved May 29, 1928, and $94,315 contained in the second deficiency were inaugurated. Upon the refusal of the National Park Service to act of 1929, approved March 4, 1929. Cash donations to the national permit the construction of a landing field upon park lands, permits parks received for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1929, amounted to were obtained for the location of an airport in the Tusayan National $16,255.10. These funds were deposited in the United States Treasury Forest, 18 miles south of park headquarters and entirely outside the tures of Federal funds. and expended under the same fiscal regulations governing expendi- park. This service, somewhat experimental in character, has become very popular with visitors, trips across the canyon being made daily. Late fiscal year 1929 amounted to $849,272.95, an increase of $41,017.14 Revenues derived from the operation of national parks during the this season, with the installation of Wasp motors in the big tri- over the 1928 revenues and an increase of $22,818.78 over the record motored planes, sufficient lifting power was obtained to enable the 1926 révenues. At the end of the 1926 year sharp reductions were planes to take off at the high elevation of V. T. Park, on the north made in the fees for automobile licenses that motorists are required rim, and a regular trans-canyon service was instituted. to secure in the various parks. With the notable improvements in In order to determine to what extent airplane facilities are of the park road systems made possible by the $5,000,000 annual author- service to the park visitor, an arrangement was made by the National Park Service and the utility operators whereby the airplane com- substantially. ization for road construction the revenues should continue to increase pany was permitted to maintain an office in connection with the trans- PARK ROAD DEVELOPMENT portation department of the operator, and motorbus service between the park hotel and the airport was established. Judging from the public approval with which this new service has met, its future seems of adequate road and trail systems in the national parks on modern With the approval of base plans for the continued development assured. Undoubtedly the question of officially recognizing airplanes standards calling for an ultimate expenditure of $51,000,000, annual at this park, at least. will be given more consideration. Meantime authorization for park road construction was increased by Congress in its dealings with park authorities the airplane company has co- from $2,500,000 to $5,000,000 in the 1929 Interior Department operated in every way possible and displayed a willingness to work propriation act. Of the $2,500,000 in cash appropriated by this ap- in a fair-minded way toward the final solution of the entire problem. act, however, $1,500,000 was taken up by contractual authorizations made of under the authority of the 1928 act, leaving only $1,000,000 free cash to apply to the 1928 construction season program. In 32 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE addition the 1929 act authorized the Secretary of the Interior to Not only do I personally feel this discrimination against the incur obligations and enter into contracts for additional road-con- National Park Service, but this feeling is general with officers and struction work not exceeding a total of $4,000,000. Under this cash employees who are adversely affected by the board's ruling, par- appropriation and authorization the 1928 construction season pro- ticularly as we are brought in constant contact with the personnel gram provided for $5,000,000 worth of work. The 1928 construc- of the other conservation bureaus and thus made to feel more keenly tion season from the standpoint of weather conditions was excellent this discrimination. and contractors on major road projects were enabled to earn more I sincerely hope that at an early date the Personnel Classifica- cash than was available in the Treasury. As the result of these con- tion Board will properly classify the service as one of the largest ditions cash was exhausted prior to the end of the construction sea- and most important bureaus of the Department of the Interior in son, and all contracts had to be shut down except where contractors accordance with the facts. were able to continue by financing themselves until the 1930 appro- NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK AND PLANNING COMMISSION priation became available. This worked considerable hardship on many of the contractors and valuable time was lost in road building. Under its organic act the Director of the National Park Service The 1930 Interior Department appropriation act became law is a member of the National Capital Park and Planning Commis- March 4, 1929. Of the $5,000,000 cash appropriated, $4,000,000 sion, established in 1924 under the name of the National Capital was covered by contractual obligations authorized by the 1929 act. Park Commission for the purpose of extension of the park and Outstanding payments due contractors were made promptly after playground system of Washington and its environs, and the preser- March 4 and work resumed under going contracts. vation and protection of its natural attractions, forests, valleys, In order to avoid a similar deficiency in cash at the end of the rivers and open streams, waterfalls, military fortifications, and 1929 construction season the amount of authorization in the 1930 act historic homes. Under further legislation changing the name of was limited to $2,500,000, SO that the current construction program the commission its functions were enlarged to include highway ex- was reduced to a basis of $3,500,000, with only $1,000,000 in cash tension, location and type of public buildings, and all features of available. A number of projects programmed for the current con- city planning. During the year the commission met monthly, its struction season had to be deferred for advertising and letting until meetings consuming from two to five days' time. Particular at- late this season SO that contractors would not earn more than avail- tention was given to the developing of a fort drive, connecting the able cash. Civil War forts, and during the last two or three months consider- For 1931 it is expected that the roads and trails appropriation will able property has been acquired for this purpose. Perhaps the big- be continued on the $5,000,000 cash basis with authorizations totaling gest single accomplishment of the year was the acquiring of the $2,500,000. As one-half of the 1931 cash will have been obligated by Patterson tract, which contains 421/2 acres of forest land. the 1930 appropriation, the forthcoming construction season program The Associate Director of the National Park Service is a member will provide $2,500,000 in cash and $2,500,000 in authorization. Ex- of the coordinating committee of the National Capital Park and perience has proved that due to the high elevation in the parks road Planning Commission, together with representatives of every ac- projects can not be completed within one construction season but are tivity of the Federal Government concerned with District parks, extended over at least two construction years. At least cash equal highways, and public buildings, and as Acting Director he also to one-half of the total authorization is necessary in order to effi- attends, with power of vote, regular meetings of the commission ciently carry on the park programs. during the absence of the director in the field. Under the stimulus of the enlarged park road program the better- INTERBUREAU AND STATE COOPERATION ment of park approach roads has gone forward steadily under State and Federal aid. The long-established policy of the National Park Service of SERVICE WRONGLY CLASSIFIED availing itself whenever possible of the scientific and technical resources of other Government bureaus in solving special problems Of the conservation bureaus of the Federal Government, the Na- was continued during the past year. Because of the splendid co- tional Park Service alone, under decision of the Personnel Classifica- operation of all bureaus approached in helping this service solve tion Board, remains as a " major bureau' instead of one of the its many technical and scientific problems, it has been possible to largest and most important" bureaus of the department in which obviate the need for building up within the bureau corps of spe- it is placed. From the standpoint of appropriations, revenues, serv- cialists in many different lines. This course, it is believed, has re- ice to the public, and constructive work in conservation, the Na- sulted in securing for the national parks the best advice obtainable. tional Park Service is second to no other conservation bureau of the and at the same time has been economical from the standpoint of Federal Government. Furthermore, in our own department the expenditure of Government funds. It was continued to the fullest National Park Service is the only one of the seven bureaus not extent during the year just closed. classified as one of the most important, although its appropriations The work of the Bureau of Public Roads of the Department of exceed those of the majority of the other bureaus, and its volume Agriculture in handling the major road construction projects in of work and responsibilities increase tremendously each succeeding the national parks, and the cooperation of the Public Health Service year. of the Treasury Department in handling park sanitary problems iu REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE this movement is making considerable headway. If created, this In addition to the above, the second deficiency act made appro- Scottish reservation will probably be called a national forest reserve, as according to Scottish custom the word forest" is applied to priations for Yellowstone National Park available for the Yellow- a tract of hill country even if practically treeless, while park to stone National Park Boundary Commission, authorized the sale or the Scots conveys the idea of more circumscribed pleasure grounds, disposal otherwise of surplus elk from Yellowstone, and carried an appropriation of $60,000 for the Geological Survey to complete a such as our city parks. The Americans of two continents also have park projects under topographic survey of the boundaries of the proposed Great Smoky Mountains National Park. way. A new national park in the Mount Tremblant district of the The Department of the Interior appropriation act for the fiscal Laurentian Mountains of Canada is to be opened to the public in year 1930, approved March 4, 1929 (Public No. 1033), carried appro- 1930, according to present plans. The land for this reserve was set priations of $7,627,940 for the National Park Service in Washington aside by the Province of Quebec several years ago and the Quebec and for the administration, protection, maintenance, and improve- Fish and Game Protection Association recently has been making the ment of the various national parks and monuments, as well as the necessary arrangements with the Dominion Government for the construction of roads and trails therein. Included in this sum is opening of the park. In it are lakes that have never been fished a reappropriation of the unexpended balances of appropriations for and arrangements have been made between the Fish and Game Asso- preliminary expenses incident to the proposed Shenandoah, Great ciation and the provincial government to provide instruction in the Smoky Mountains, and Mammoth Cave National Parks, and an schools throughout the province with regard to fish and game con- appropriation of $250,000, available when matched dollar for dollar servation. I am informed that the plan of administration involves by money from private sources, for the acquisition by condemnation the payment of rather nominal entrance fees by all visitors, regard- proceedings or otherwise of privately-owned lands within the less of the length of their sojourns in the park. boundaries of national parks, except summer homes in Acadia, The scenic Kaieteur Fall in British Guiana also may be preserved Glacier, Grand Canyon, Great Smoky Mountains, Hot Springs, as a national park, under a bill which has recently been drawn up for Platt, and Yellowstone. The act also carried authority for the Seo- introduction at the next meeting of the legislative council and which retary of the Interior to incur obligations for the acquisition of such will be known as the Kaieteur National Park Ordinance, 1929. This privately-owned lands to the amount of $2,750,000 and the entering fall, located on the Potaro River, plunges with a sheer descent of into of contracts in the amount of $2,500,000 for roads and trails 741 feet over a hard ledge of rock 370 feet wide, whose underlying work. The 1930 appropriation act also made available $75,000 for softer layers have been worn back into an enormous black cavern. the acquisition of lands to be added to the Absaroka and Gallatin The surrounding scencry is described as most picturesque. National Forests to improve winter feed facilities for elk from Reports from Japan indicate that the national-park movement of Yellowstone National Park. This sum, before it could be used, had that country received great impetus through the visit of experts to to be matched by money from private sources, but the private funds this country several years ago, and through the participation of a were available as soon as this appropriation from the Treasury. number of Japanese delegates in the Pan-Pacific Conference on Edu- H. R. 4589, to reimburse Dan A. Morrison for expenses incurred cation, Rehabilitation, Reclamation, and Recreation, held in Hawaii in developing the Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument was in April, 1927. Just recently word comes of a novel means of popu- approved February 4, 1929. (Private No. 354.) larizing the national-park idea through the display in Tokio's leading H. R. 11285, which authorized the establishment of Federal prison department store of exhibits featuring proposed national parks. camps and the use of Federal prisoners on road and trail work was approved February 26, 1929. (Public No. 822.) This act will per- LEGISLATION mit the use of such labor on road and trail projects in national The following is a summary of legislation affecting the national parks, if it is deemed advisable to employ convicts in these areas. parks considered in Congress since the preparation of the twelfth There are some serious problems to dispose of before this should be done. annual report. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW H. R. 11406, authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to exchange lands outside of Lassen Volcanic National Park for privately-owned The second deficiency act of March 4, 1929 (Public No. 1035), lands therein was approved March 1, 1929. (Public No. 896.) carried the following appropriations for the National Park Service: H. R. 11719, which was approved January 19, 1929 (Public No. 665), changed the boundaries of Lassen Volcanic National Park SO Crater Lake National Park, insect-control work by transfer from appro- priations for the fiscal year 1929 for Mesa Verde, Rocky Mountain, as to include therein certain scenic areas of lava beds, mountains, and and Yellowstone National Parks $9, 000 lakes that were inadvertently left out at the time the park was estab- Mount Rainier National Park, sewage-disposal system in Paradise lished. This added approximately 25,000 acres to the park. Valley 500 Yosemite National Park, electrical energy for the fiscal year 1929 000 H. R. 15088, changing the name of Lafayette National Park to Emergency reconstruction and fighting forest fires, including replace- Acadia National Park and authorizing the acceptance of donations ment of equipment destroyed by fire in Glacier National Park 29,000 of lands to be added thereto was approved January 19, 1929. (Pub- Supplemental appropriations to carry out the provisions of the Welch lic No. 667.) Act 60, 315 38 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 39 H. R. 17101, by which the United States accepted the cession by OTHER MEASURES INTRODUCED OR PARTIALLY ACTED UPON DURING THE the State of Colorado of exclusive jurisdiction over Rocky Mountain SECOND SESSION OF THE SEVENTIETH CONGRESS WHICH FAILED OF PASSAGE National Park was approved March 2, 1929. (Public No. 1009.) OR DID NOT RECEIVE THE APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT S. J. Res. 206, authorizing the appointment of a commission to study the proposed adjustment of the southeast, south, and southwest H. R. 5729 and S. 675, to establish the Quachita National Park, in boundaries of Yellowstone National Park, was approved February the State of Arkansas. The latter was passed by Congress but did 28, 1929. (Public Resolution 94.) The purpose of this boundary ad- not receive the approval of the President. This proposed park is justment is to make it conform to natural physical conditions rather opposed by the department, as it does not measure up to national- than arbitrary lines. park standards. S. Res. 237, of the Seventieth Congress, authorized the Committee H. R. 13624, to authorize the building of roads and making of on Public Lands and Surveys to visit sites of proposed national parks improvements in Craters of the Moon National Monument, and and to study proposed revisions of boundaries of existing parks. On authorizing an appropriation of $35,000 for this purpose. The March 2, 1929, the committee submitted its report, recommending the department's report on this bill says there is already authority to establishment of the Roosevelt and Grand Teton National Parks and build the road. the Bad Lands National Monument. The Grand Teton National H. R. 13694, to authorize the striking of a medal commemorative Park was established and the Bad Lands National Monument author- of the enactment of legislation providing for the establishment of ized to be established under certain conditions by the Seventieth Mammoth Cave National Park. Congress. The committee also commended the manner in which the H. R. 15199, for the relief of the Yosemite Lumber Co. in the Park Service was being conducted, and stated that it is becoming amount of $2,114.74 for money spent in fighting forest fires in apparent that additional national parks are needed. Yosemite National Park. S. Res. 316, agreed to on February 26, 1929, authorizes the Com- H. R. 15475, providing for the establishment of Grand Teton mittee on Public Lands and Surveys to study the advisability of National Park and revising the boundaries of Yellowstone National establishing additional national parks. Park. This bill provided that no new roads or trails, hotels, or S. 3001, providing for additions to the northwest, northeast, and permanent camps should be constructed in the proposed park or in east boundaries of Yellowstone National Park was approved March the area proposed to be added to Yellowstone. The Grand Teton 1, 1929. (Public No. 888.) The additions include the drainage area Park was created by a separate act. of certain streams emptying into the Gallatin River, the drainage H. R. 15713, to provide for uniform contracts. area of Pebble Creek, and make the crest of the Absaroka Range H. R. 16352, providing that no lands owned by any religious or- a natural boundary line. ganization within national parks, when used exclusively for religious S. 4385, approved March 4, 1929 (Public No. 1021), authorizes the purposes, may be purchased or acquired by the Government. establishment of the Bad Lands National Monument, in the State H. R. 16652, to authorize the Secretary of War to enlarge the of South Dakota, when the necessary lands have been donated to the Army and Navy General Hospital at Hot Springs, Ark. Government, provided the State builds a road, satisfactory to the H. R. 16715, to extend the eastern boundaries of the Great Smoky Secretary of the Interior, from Interior, S. Dak., to the monument Mountains National Park. area. H. R. 17219, to grant the consent of the United States for the S. 4704 authorizes the investigation of advisability and practica- taxation, by the State of Wyoming, of all structures and other prop- bility of establishing the Everglades National Park, Florida. Ap- erty in private ownership in Yellowstone National Park. proved March 1, 1929. (Public No. 897.) H. R. 17277, to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to investi- S. 5543. approved February 26, 1929 (Public No. 817), established gate and report on the advisability and practicability of establishing the Grand Teton National Park, Wyo. This bill provides that no a national park in the Okefenokee Swamp, Ga. new roads or permanent hotels or camps shall be constructed in the S. 2571, to change the boundaries of Yellowstone National Park park without the consent of Congress. The intent of the bill is to by taking in headwaters of the Yellowstone River. keep the undeveloped part of the area a wilderness. S. 3874, authorizing an appropriation of funds for construction of S. 5880, approved March 2, 1929 (Public No. 924), authorized the a highway from Red Lodge, Mont., to the boundaries of Yellowstone President to add approximately 9,000 acres of contiguous national National Park near Cooke City, Mont. forest land to the western boundary of Yosemite National Park S. 4172, to establish the Kildeer Mountain National Park in the upon joint recommendation of the Secretaries of the Interior and State of North Dakota. The department's report says this area is Agriculture. not of national-park caliber. S. 4171, to establish the Roosevelt National Park, N. Dak. S. 4173, to transfer jurisdiction over certain national military parks and monuments from the War Department to the Department of the Interior. S. 4674, to establish the Grand Teton National Park and to revise the boundaries of Yellowstone National Park. 40 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 41 S. 5896, to provide for uniform administration of national parks. nance of main roads through unappropriated or unreserved public S. 5897 provides that no permits, etc., shall be issued for prospect- lands, nontaxable Indian lands, or other Federal reservations other ing the mineral resources of Mesa Verde National Park; no more than forest reservations without contribution from the States, and mining claims to be granted in Mount McKinley; no more permits authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to cooperate with the Sec- to be issued for summer homes in Glacier or Lassen, except those retary of the Interior in the improvement and maintenance of roads now outstanding may be renewed; no more rights of way for rail- through said lands. It is not believed that the parks will be eligible roads or roads in Lassen to be issued; that acquisition of rights for allocation of funds from appropriations made under this bill, as of way through the valley of the Flathead River for railroads in the highway act provides that highways in national parks shall not Glacier Park is prohibited; and repealing authorization for the be taken over by the Secretary of Agriculture. granting of rights of way in Mount Rainier and Rocky Mountain S. 195, to facilitate administration of national parks. National Parks. S. 196, to facilitate the administration of the National Park Serv- S. 5900, to abolish the Papago Saguaro National Monument and ice by authorizing purchase of supplies and equipment for employees dispose of the lands therein to the town of Tempe, Ariz., for park and making deductions from their salaries; payment of mileage to and recreational purposes. employees for use of their own automobiles on official business when expenses can be reduced thereby; in emergencies to sell supplies to BILLS INTRODUCED IN THE FIRST SESSION OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST CONGRESS operators; permitting acceptance of travelers' checks, authorizing AND STILL PENDING central warehouse and purchase of supplies to be charged to projects under specific appropriations; care of indigents in national parks; H. R. 151, authorizing an appropriation of $1,943,200 for construc- reimburse employees for loss of property destroyed while in use tion of a highway from Red Lodge, Mont., to the boundaries of the on official business; that employees may be required to furnish Yellowstone National Park near Cooke City, Mont. transportation and equipment necesary for their work, but that H. R. 235, to establish the Roosevelt National Park along the the Government may provide fuel, forage, etc.; and that the Gov- Little Missouri River, N. Dak. ernment may purchase, hire, or rent property from employees. H. R. 239, to establish the Kildeer Mountain National Park, in the S. 326, to establish the Royal Gorge National Park, Colo. This State of North Dakota. bill repeals an act ceding the lands to be included in this park to the H. R. 717 and S. 1143, to enlarge the Army and Navy General city of Canon City, Colo. Hospital at Hot Springs National Park, Ark. S. 428, to transfer the former naval radio station, Seawall, Me., H. R. 2374, to add 4,080 acres to the Sequoia National Park. This to the Acadia National Park. bill extends the mineral land laws to the added area. S. 940, to create a department of conservation. H. R. 2940, to provide for extension of the eastern boundary limits S. 1183, to authorize the conveyance of a tract of land in Hot of the proposed Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Springs National Park to P. F. Connelly Paving Co. H. R. 3568, to remove the proviso carried in Public No. 888, Seventieth Congress, revising the boundaries of Yellowstone Na- PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATIONS tional Park, prohibiting the building of roads and hotels in the On April 12, 1929, the President issued a proclamation establish- added area. ing the Arches National Monument, Utah, comprising 4,520 acres. H. R. 3572, to establish the Homestead National Park on the This monument contains extraordinary examples of wind erosion Daniel Freeman homestead in Nebraska. The purpose of this act is to develop a memorial to the homestead law. in the shape of gigantic arches, natural bridges, windows, spires, balanced rocks, and other unique wind-worn sandstone formations. H. R. 3590, to establish a national park in Texas. H. R. 3658, to establish Fort Boonesboro National Monument, EXECUTIVE ORDERS Kentucky, as a memorial to the pioneer settlers of the West. H. R. 3867 and S. 1494, to establish the Quachita National Park. May 3, 1929, No. 5105, withdrawing from entry 9 square miles of H. R. 4020, authorizing investigation of advisability and practica- land in Nevada pending determination as to the advisibility of bility of Upper Mississippi National Park in Iowa. establishing a national monument. This area includes the Forty- H. R. 4021, to accept the grant by the State of Montana of con- mile Canyon Pueblo. current police jurisdiction over the rights of way of the Blackfeet January 28, 1929, No. 5037, withdrawing from entry 5,080 acres Highway, and over the rights of way of its connections with the pending determination as to the advisibility of adding to Zion National Park. Glacier National Park road system on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation. February 2, 1929, No. 5038, withdrawing from entry 13,680 acres S. 121, to amend the Federal aid highway law. This bill pending determination as to the advisibility of including in the Pin- nacles National Monument. provides for the survey, construction, reconstruction, and mainte- February 4, 1929, Supplemental Executive Order No. 5040, with- drawing from entry, location, or sale, but subject to prior claims 42 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 43 legally initiated and maintained, certain lands in the Jackson Hole and trail systems and the public camp grounds for visitors, we fully country for elk refuge purposes. have in mind the original purpose of the national parks to preserve August 29, 1929, No. 5182, lands in the Owens River Valley, Calif. as nearly as possible in their original condition the bits of native and Nev., were withdrawn pending classification, subject to existing America for the benefit of future generations. All these ideals can withdrawals affecting certain of the lands. These lands contain and will be accomplished with the continued support of the public, Indian petroglyphs and ruins. the department, and the Congress. Respectfully submitted. INDIVIDUAL PARK REPORTS IN APPENDIX C HORACE M. ALBRIGHT, Director. In the foregoing report the outstanding phases of national park administration have been touched upon. Further details of field work are given in the individual reports from the various park superintendents, the superintendent of southwestern monuments, and the chiefs of the technical and special divisions, and are printed in Appendix C. The acting superintendent of Sullys Hill National Park, whose report is included in Appendix C, is superintendent of the Fort Totten Indian School and serves as acting superintendent of the park through the courtesy of the Indian Service without cost to the National Park Service. No appropriations for the administration of the park have ever been made through the National Park Service, all funds for its improvement having been expended by the Bureau of Biological Survey, as the park is in a game preserve administered by that bureau. For this reason its designation as a park is a mis- nomer, and I hope its status may be changed from that of a national park to a game preserve. CONCLUSION In concluding this thirteenth annual report of the National Park Service, I wish to express my keen appreciation to all who have assisted in promoting the successful development of the national park and monument system during the past year, and particularly since my incumbency of the office of Director. The vacancy that my transfer to Washington left in the Yellow- stone superintendency resulted in many transfers and promotions throughout the field service. The officers of the department have been most helpful and sym- pathetic, members of the headquarters office have worked almost to the limit of physical endurance in their loyal support of park prin- ciples, and the field officers and employees continued their unwaver- ing support of park policies without which the service would cease to function. It is a source of great pleasure and pride to me to be at the head of such a loyal, efficient, and result-producing organiza- tion. I look to even greater opportunities in the future to render public service through the administration of the national park system. Three new national parks are in the process of making in the East, and when established they will serve the highly-concentrated popula- tion of the Eastern States. In the educational work which we have inaugurated we are just beginning to substantially develop the unique opportunities afforded the public for the study of the natural sciences, and through extension of visual education service will be enabled to bring the national parks to the people who may not have oppor- tunity to visit them. With the continued development of the road REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 51 NATIONAL PARKS TABLE 7.-Visitors to the national monuments in 1924-1929 1 Name 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 Arches (Utah) APPENDIX B Aztec Ruins (New Mexico) 500 5,968 27,000 5,646 7,298 18,359 Capulin Mountain (New Mexico) 18,193 27,000 27,000 14,965 12,617 27,600 Carlsbad Cave (New Mexico) 12,000 1,280 1,794 10,904 26,436 46,335 Casa Grande (Arizona) 76,822 9,583 13,587 16,542 28,818 Chaco Canyon (New Mexico) 28,274 37,244 2,000 2,500 1,500 1,425 Colorado (Colorado) 2 2,750 28,000 9,000 9,000 29,500 10,000 TRAVEL AND FISCAL STATISTICS Craters of the Moon (Idaho) 212,000 3,349 4,620 5,771 7,768 Devils Tower (Wyoming) 7,730 27,800 8,450 16,640 10,400 28,000 El Morro (New Mexico) 12,000 $ 3,200 1,800 5,794 5,178 5,356 Gran Quivira (New Mexico) 2,625 1,000 1,577 2,034 2,779 Hovenweep (Utah-Colorado) 3,357 250 250 263 240 2450 Katmai (Alaska) 17 NATIONAL PARKS TABLE 6.-Visitors to national parks, 1914-1929 Montezuma Castle (Arizona) 27,500 9,000 12,385 15,400 16,232 17,824 Muir Woods (California) 92,391 93,643 97,426 101,514 103,571 Natural Bridges (Utah) 93,358 62 68 82 175 2 260 Navajo (Arizona) 85 200 250 2260 315 965 Name of park 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 Papago Saguaro (Arizona) 10,000 30,000 53,000 60,540 66,450 Petrified Forest (Arizona) 87,600 42,781 55,227 53,345 61,761 75,225 Pinnacles (California) 69,350 8,973 10,000 10,167 11,265 13,216 10,756 Acadia 1 Pipe Spring (Arizona) $4,000 264,000 16,728 Crater Lake 266,500 2 69,836 16,853 17,321 24,883 7,096 11,371 Rainbow Bridge (Utah) 115 250 200 12,265 200 11,645 13,231 16,645 200 2450 General Grant 20,135 28,617 3,735 Scotts Bluff (Nebraska) 10,523 15,360 35,000 17,390 24,000 15,496 27,000 30,000 Glacier 21,574 237,500 19,601 242,500 30,312 14,168 Shoshone Cavern (Wyoming) 14,265 12,839 18,387 9,086 200 18,956 22,449 Grand Canyon 19,736 Sitka (Alaska) 37,745 Hawaii 67,315 2,500 67,485 2,000 23,000 23,500 Tumacacori (Arizona) (8) (3) 28,800 10,500 (1) (3) 13,683 (3) 16,761 17,341 16,071 18,250 Hot Springs 125,00 Verendrye (North Dakota) 2 115,000 1,400 2 118,740 28,000 135,000 140,000 15,000 160,490 15,000 162,850 11,500 Lassen Volcanic 130,908 Wupatki (Arizona) 500 200 450 28,500 200 2 , 20 0 2550 2,500 2,000 10,000 Mesa Verde 502 Yueca House (Colorado) 663 100 150 1,385 196 2,223 2,058 174 2,287 250 2,890 Mount McKinley 3,003 Mount Rainier Total 15,038 35,166 248,555 23,989 35,568 294,050 384,040 43,901 443,197 55,232 55,771 502,656 567,667 Platt 56,491 30,000 20,000 20,000 235,000 14,431 26,312 27,023 60,000 Rocky Mountain 31,000 51,000 117,186 101,497 169,492 240,966 273,737 Sequoia 1 No records for other national monuments. 4,667 7,647 10,780 18,510 15,001 30,443 31,508 28,263 2 Estimated. Sullys Hill 2500 1,000 21500 2,207 4,188 4,026 9,341 Wind Cave 9,100 1 Opened to public June 1, 1924. 3,592 2,817 29,000 16,742 36,000 25,000 38,000 28,336 Yellowstone 20,250 51,895 35,849 35,400 21,275 62,261 79,777 Yosemite 81,651 15,145 33,452 33,390 34,510 33,497 58,362 68,906 91,513 Zion NATIONAL PARKS TABLE 8.-Private automobiles entering the national parks dur- 3,692 2,937 ing seasons 1922-1929 1 Total 235,193 334,799 356,097 488,268 451,661 755,325 919,504 1,007,335 Name of park 1922 1923 1024 1925 1026 1927 1928 1920 Name of park 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 Acadia 8,650 8,600 12,561 9,381 15,361 29,181 31,998 35,972 Acadia 1 73,779 64,200 71,758 73,673 101,256 123,699 134,897 149,554 Bryce Canyon 5,223 Bryce Canyon Crater Lake 21,997 9,429 15,377 19,301 19,451 26,442 25,667 34,869 39,043 Crater Lake 33,016 52,017 64,312 General Grant 65,018 86,019 82,354 113,323 128,435 12,010 12,036 9,118 11,108 12,869 13,172 14,681 12,995 General Grant 50,456 46,230 35,020 40,517 Glacier 50,597 47,996 51,988 44,783 2,416 5,599 6,756 7,585 6,727 7,980 9,860 14,320 Glacier 23,935 3,988 33,372 40,063 37,325 41,745 53,454 70,742 Grand Canyou 7,890 11,731 13,052 19,910 22,849 28,479 32,316 37,848 Grand Canyon 84,700 102,166 108,256 134,053 Grand Teton 140,252 162,356 167,226 184,093 16,200 Grand Teton Hawaii 2 251,500 8,025 10,150 12,650 46,500 8,345 14,505 18,347 Hawaii 27,750 41,150 52,110 64,155 35,000 37,551 78,414 109,857 Hot Springs 2 1,559 $ 1,455 28,290 Hot Springs 106,164 112,000 164,175 265,500 260,000 Lassen Volcanic 2 181,523 199,099 184,517 2,646 5,423 5,899 8,137 8,370 Lassen Volcanic 10,000 9,500 212,500 12,956 18,739 Mesa Verde 20,089 26,057 26,106 969 1,255 1,803 2,197 3,054 3,315 4,803 4,224 Mesa Verde 4,251 5,236 7,109 9,043 Mount Rainier 11,356 11,915 16,760 14,517 17,149 27,655 38,351 39,860 38,626 48,275 50,005 51,998 Mount McKinley 34 $ 62 500 $ 533 Platt 1 5651 802 1,038 30,000 50,000 57,400 $ 60,000 45,796 475,000 170,000 65,000 Mount Rainier 70,371 123,708 161,473 173,004 161,796 200,051 219,531 217,783 Rocky Mountain 2 52,112 51,800 53,696 158,057 50,407 $ 54,109 457,381 67,682 Platt 70,000 117,710 134.874 143,380 124,284 Sequoia 6 294,954 280,638 204,598 7,886 9,796 11,032 14,273 26,503 30,165 29,290 33,250 Rocky Mountain 219,164 218,000 224,211 233,912 225,027 229,862 235,057 274,408 Sullys Hill 2 2,271 4,484 4,700 5,229 4,936 Sequoia 27,514 30,158 34,468 46,677 89,404 Wind Cave 2 100,684 98,035 111,385 10,096 13,570 17,200 22,598 28,332 26,879 33,300 36,317 Sullys Hill 9,548 8,478 8,035 9,183 19,921 Yellowstone 22,632 24,979 21,004 18,253 27,359 30,689 33,068 $44,326 49,055 58,186 68,415 Wind Cave 31,016 41,505 52,166 69,267 85,466 Yosemite 81,023 100,309 108,943 19,583 27,233 32,814 49,229 74,885 137,296 131,689 132,903 Yellowstone 98,223 138,352 144,158 154,282 Zion 187,807 200,825 230,984 260,697 662 1,446 1,993 3,928 4,796 6,203 7,532 8,612 Yosemite 100,506 130,046 105,894 209,166 274,209 490,430 460,619 461,257 Zion 4,109 6,408 8,400 16,817 Total 21,964 24,303 30,016 33,383 197,105 271,482 315,916 368,212 417,386 557,079 595,236 689,945 Total 1,044,502 1,280,886 1,422,353 760,512 1,930,865 2,354,643 2,522,188 2,680,597 1 Automobiles entering parks with or without licenses, to and including Sept. 30, 1928. , No license required. 1 Formerly Lafayette National Park. Formerly Lafayette National Park. 2 Estimated. Estimated. 3 No record. Count made only at public camp ground. Indicated loss in travel from 1921 due largely to better methods of checking and estimating employed. License required only for Giant Forest Road. s Actual park visitors; soine miners and prospectors also passed through park. 50 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 61 UTILITY BUILDING Work on the utility building for which an appropriation of $3,000 was made has been delayed owing to the need felt for further study of its location, on land to be donated for the purpose, in relation to the planned approach from the park office at Bar Harbor to the park's mountain areas. A structure of this character can be erected quickly when the site is chosen. APPENDIX C CADILLAC MOUNTAIN ROAD After long delay, owing to transfer of construction to the Federal Bureau REPORTS OF OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF THE NATIONAL PARKS, MONUMENTS, AND of Roads and a new survey of route, the road to the summit of Cadillac ENGINEERING, EDUCATIONAL, AND FORESTRY DIVISIONS Mountain, the highest point In the park or on our eastern coast, is again under way under a contract which promises Its completion, apart from surfacing, by next suininer and final completion for the season of 1931. This is the only road to a mountain summit contemplated in the park and will be of out- ACADIA NATIONAL PARK standing interest to motorists from every eastern section of the country, com- manding magnificent and unique views of mingled land and sea to far GEORGE B. DORR, Superintendent, Bar Harbor, Me. horizons. FLYING SERVICE Acadia National Park, the former Lafayette National Park, has had the most eventful year since its establishment 10 years ago, thanks to the warm The commencement of flying service to Bar Harbor and the park from the interest taken in it by Congressman Cramton, of Michigan, chairman of the great cities of our eastern seaboard has been instituted this year but not as House Committee on Appropriations, Interior Department, who visited it for yet developed. For hydroplanes the opportunity is great, with quiet waters the first time last fall and through whose cooperation with the IIon. John E. at every hand for landing. For landing fields for airplanes the rugged Nelson, of Maine, Representative from its district, an act to change the name nature of the country offers little opportunity, and use of these must wait of the park to Acadia and to enlarge beyond the bounds of Mount Desert Island till greater progress has been made in vertical descents and ascents. the authority given the Secretary of the Interior to accept lands donated for its increase was passed last winter. The passage of this act made possible EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY the acceptance of a magnificent tract of land, Schoodic Point, framing the entrance to Frenchmans Bay upon the eastern side as Mount Desert Island An important movement is taking place in the development of the region does upon the western and comprising in a wild and wooded area of from bordering the national park as a summer home for research workers along 1,500 to 2,000 acres a superb headland and miles of surf-swept, rocky shore biologic lines, over 40 of whom, men of national and world-wide standing, jutting far into the ocean. have carried on their studies this summer as members or associates of the The headland on this tract rises boldly from the shore on either side to an Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, established on its own land at elevation of over 400 feet and commands one of the finest coastal views the Salisbury Cove on upper Frenchmans Bay. The president of the laboratory is world affords, eastward toward the entrance of the Bay of Fundy, southward to Dr. Hermon C. Bumpus, a member of Secretary Wilbur's educational com- a boundless sea horizon, and westward across the island-broken entrance of mittee on national parks, who sees a most interesting opportunity here to Frenchmans Bay to the mountains of the national park. carry out the Secretary's educational park policy. A good road is needed for the development of this new territory of the park, it having at present none but an old horse road of the early time, narrow, VISITORS AT SIEUR DE MONTS SPRING AND THE INDIAN MUSEUM rough. and winding, and now wrecked beyond repair by water, use, and time. Visitors in numbers greater than ever before have come to the Sieur de A preliminary survey and thorough study of the need and opportunity by the Monts Spring entrance, while the recorded visitation of the present season Federal Bureau of Public Roads is called for. at the Indlan Museum adjoining it, first opened a year ago last August, has HOMANS PROPERTY exceeded 19,000 people. A pamphlet written by the museum curator, Walter B. Smith, of Bangor, Auother feature of great interest in the park's development during the past an archeologist, on the exploration made last season of a shell mound on year, also made possible through the interest and cooperation of Congressman the neighboring shore has been printed and is on distribution at a nominal Cramton, is the acquisition by the park. of one of the earliest summer homes price, its publication being made possible by the generosity of one of the trustees of the museum. and most beautiful sites upon Mount Desert Island, whose lands connect un- interruptedly westward with mountain lands long since secured and front The total number of visitors to the park recorded for the year on October boldly eastward across the entrance to Frenchmans Bay to the newly acquired 1 was 149,554, an increase of 14,657 over the figure of a year ago. Schoodic territory. ROADS, TRAILS, AND TELEPHONE LINES From the owner of this land, Mrs. Charles D. Homans, of Boston, came the earliest considerable donation of land received by the trustees of public reser- There are within the park 7 miles of important motor road, 16 miles of vations, whose gift to the Government initiated the national park. In her carriage road, and 150 miles of foot trail. In the Schoodic Peninsula area memory the house, repaired and put in order, will be named the Homans of the park there are 4.8 miles of old carriage road roughly passable to motor House, and used in connection with park administration. The work of restora- use. tion, through an appropriation obtained for the purpose by Mr. Cramton, is WILD LIFE well advanced. and the house, beautiful beyond expectation, will henceforth be a leading and central feature of the park. An accurate estimate of the number of wild animals within the park is The restoration of the Homans House has already won for the park a Impossible, but it is safe to say that the number of deer stands at about 150, magnificent fract of land adjoining and superbly widening its site and front- ruffed grouse are many, and there is an indeterminate number of small fur- age on the sea, which has been recently acquired for future inclusion in the benring animals-foxes, muskrats, skunks, mink, weasel, and otter. park when plans for its (levelopment in conjunction with the Homans prop- erty have been worked out. 76008-29-5 60 plan is evidenced by increased responsibility which the superintendents volun- tarily place upon the engineers furnished from this office and the numerous chase of equipment and supplies for the various national parks. These pur- chases are in the nature of centralized purchase involving the preparation requests for additional engineering assistance. The trial of this plan during the early part of 1928, on a much smaller scale, evidenced its practicability, of definite specifications, the fullest competition in bidding, and the prepara- and this resulted in the authorization of increased engineering personnel tion of contracts and the making of payments all through this division. Some which has greatly facilitated the construction activities, increased efficiency, and slight adverse criticism has been made in individual cases, but it is almost made possible the additional studies desired by the director and the Secretary suflicient to say that only one temporary suspension has been made by the for which no specific appropriation had been made. reviewing authorities of any contract entered into by this division. This is The groundwork has been made for a comprehensive plan of ultimate develop- the direct result of careful preparation and justification of specifications as ment in the various national parks which has been so greatly needed. Enough to the definite quality required after extensive research and comparison of all data have been obtained this year to permit the completion of a general outline material or equipment of the class available, and insistence upon the article into which the building of park needs may be later fitted. This outline must delivered being entirely in accordance with the specifications. necessarily be revised and added to each year, so that in its ultimate form A great many standard specifications have been prepared and furnished to it will be the basis of a future development for perhaps 10 or 20 years. The the parks for specialized equipment and supplies, the purchase of which was general program will be the joint study and plans of superintendents, landscape made directly by the park interested. The situation of San Francisco as a architects and engineers, and others interested, and should be of inestimable market center has made it possible to give great assistance to the western benefit not only as an aid to our thinking along comprehensive lines, but also parks in emergency purchases, with proper competition, where time of delivery to enable the Secretary, the Director of the Park Service, the Budget officials, was a strong factor. and congressional committees to know our ultimate objective and to realize The past year has proved by the amount of work accomplished and the in- that we are working along systematic lines which will not require the abandon- creased efficiency in prosecuting such work, that this division is a working ment or misuse of utilities for which funds have been or are to be appropriated. organization in every sense of the word and is entitled to definite independent Two fully equipped parties are now in the field making topographical surveys, appropriations as such. Very little work can be classed as purely overhead. which are of fundamental importance in planning for the proper use of ground in the layout of roads, buildings, landscaping, and the general utilization of REPORT OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURAL DIVISION the various areas. Much yet remains to be done in the preparation of tono- THOMAS C. VINT, chief landscape architect, San Francisco, Calif. graphical maps, but 31 maps have been prepared this year, including those most important from the standpoint of immediate use. GENERAL STATEMENT A special investigation was made of a possible system of Interpark roads across Indian reservations lying in northern Arizona, southern Utah, southern The work of the landscape division is that of professional advisor to the Colorado, and New Mexico. This was made at the urgent request of the service in matters pertaining to the field of landscape architecture. Its pri- Secretary's office. These studies involve proposed routing, costs, and the mary purpose is to obtain a logical, well-studied general development plan necessity and practicability for roads which would connect Mesa Verde National for each park, which includes a control of the location, type of architecture, Park with the various national monuments and Grand Canyon, Zion, and Bryce planting, grading, etc., in connection with any construction project within the Canyon National Parks. Many hundreds of miles were investigated, from parks. It is concerned to a degree in all phases of park development. It which the proposed four projects, comprising 572 miles of standard highway, administers no construction funds and does not assume direct charge of any were selected. These findings will be very valuable to the Secretary when construction work. Its work is accomplished by a review of plans. It pre- Indian affairs and interpark roads are further considered. pares the architectural and landscape plans for the Government facilities An investigation of a possible scenic corridor and highway connecting constructed by the park superintendent and his organization. It reviews the Sequola and General Grant National Parks was made by reconnaissance. This plans submitted by the public-utility operators for the construction of tourist proposed highway is necessary as a northern outlet from Sequoia National Park facilities. It reviews the plans for road projects and prepares the archi- and for the facilitation of the administration of the General Grant National tectural plans for bridges constructed by the Bureau of Public Roads. Park, besides providing a link in the proposed Sequoia to Yosemite High Sierra The year being reported was not one with outstanding high lights. There road. was a large volume of minor structures built by both the Government and An investigation was made in the Kings River area in California to determine the utility operators which required much time and study. There were no its suitability as a national-park area from scenic, recreational, and adminis- conspicuous building projects. The road program was of the usual volume of trative viewpoints and to determine what effect, if any, proposed power develop- work, consisting largely of attention to projects under way. There were fewer ment would have upon its value as a future national park. new projects due to the limitation of funds for this purpose. Comprehensive study was made of road and trail development, administrative It was a year of catching up. We made progress within the organization areas, public-utility and camp sites, and methods of protection in various for a more thorough and efficient method of handling the office work. national monuments which have heretofore been greatly neglected in so far In the field we were able to cover our territory more thoroughly and to as engineering studies and monument requirements are concerned. It was found make trips to parks and monuments that have not heretofore been covered that in a number of the national monuments extensive operations would be because of lack of time. required to protect the prehistoric ruins from damage by the elements and from PERSONNEL vandalism. This is particularly true with regard to Petrified Forest, Devils Tower, and Chaco Canyon. We have authority to employ 6 assistant landscape architects and 2 Intensive engineering study has been made in dustless surfacing of trails and juniors. At present we have 3 assistants and 2 juniors under permanent footpaths which have developed satisfactory methods of handling this problem. appointments. Two of these were qualified during the year. We have been a Actual statistics had developed the fact that the trails were going into great year and a half trying to fill the other 3 places. The men we employed disuse, due to the intolerable, dusty condition. have difficulty in qualifying with the civil service, and the civil service has had Our engineers have, at the instance of the superintendents, been intensively difficulty in finding qualified eligibles. This situation has become a serious employed in the location and survey of the more important trails in the major handicap, as we are unable to hold the best men under a temporary appoint- parks. These operations have resulted in a great saving to the Government ment because of the uncertainty of the length of time we can assure them in cost of construction, and in much better alignment, grades, and scenic values. of work. They really involve the proper study and exchange of ideas before, rather than The turnover of temporary employees has proved an expensive and in- after, the trail is constructed. efficient procedure, as we find it takes about a year in the organization to get During the period from October, 1927, to October, 1929, this division has full value out of a man's time. This situation is mentioned in this report entered into 141 contracts for the aggregate amount of $345,000 for the pur- because it has lowered the efficiency of the division during the year to at least 30 per cent below what it should be. 100 OFFICE WORK checked in the diary before any plans or correspondence is filed. it has proved a tremendous timesaver and has avoided our overlooking or delaying a point. This work constitutes the preparation and review of plans for the current We made a general revision of the specifications covering the landscaping year's construction. It is largely a drafting-room job. All field men are brought features. Heretofore a specification was made for each project. This year into the San Francisco oflice for this work when not required in the field for we made a standard specification covering such points that are common to supervision of construction. This procedure has proved very satisfactory, as every job. Supplementing this, we made a check list of points that are spe- the men are familiar with the purpose of all features of a plan when they cial to particular types of work. We feel that we have this phase of the follow it through its preparation and are thus able to better carry out the work properly organized SO that a specification can be checked much more intent of the plans in the field. rapidly and with reasonable certainty that no point has been overlooked. Our office work is divided into two general classes. The first covers items The most important change in specifications for road construction was the within the regular park appropriations and the construction done by the introduction of what we call 'Type B" excavation. This provides for the operators or work done directly by the superintendent's organization. The careful handling of rock excavation for the purpose of avoiding damage to other covers work done under the road appropriations or work done through outstanding natural features. It is logical that in a national park the same the Bureau of Public Roads. protection from blasting should be given some natural feature that can not Building plans constitute the largest volume of our drafting-room work. be replaced as in cities is given to buildings. This type of work is more expen- During the current year plans for hospitals for Yosemite and Grand Canyon sive and is required only at special points. It was introduced on four new Parks were the outstanding ones, There was the usual volume of work, projects this year, and the prices obtained were not in excess of the engi- but it consisted of a long list of minor buildings, residences, utility strnctures, neers' estimates. To date actual construction according to this specification checking stations, etc. Administration buildings were completed during the has not progressed sufficiently to report the results. year for Rainier and Grand Canyon. These are rather outstanding structures, The bureau made a change in handling bridge plans which has proved to and, we feel, successfully done. The plans for these were prepared during the be an outstanding advantage to us on this work. All bridge plans are pre- previous year. pared in the regional office at San Francisco instead of In the office of each We made considerable, but by no means totally satisfactory, progress in the district engineer. This enables us to work with the bureau bridge engineers preparation of sketch plans for the 1931 construction season. The purpose throughout the development of the plans. Heretofore the plans were checked of these is to furnish a definite plan to the park superintendent in order that 'by us when they came to the regional office for checking. This gave but two he may estimate the cost of the structure required and submit the sketch plan copportnnities-one in the sketch stage and one when the final plans came in. with his estimate to the Budget when requesting funds for his park. This Last year we established the procedure of incorporating architectural sheets procedure should prove more satisfactory than the previous method of pre- prepared by our oflice in the working plans of all bridge projects. This has paring the plan after the money becomes available. We succeeded in preparing resulted in a more satisfactory carrying out of the architectural features of sketch plans for about one-half of the parks this year. It was a considerable this work. The change to preparing the engineering plans at the San Fran- gain over former years, and we will endeavor to complete all the necessary cisco office of the bureau has made it possible to collaborate our efforts with sketches for the 32 estimates. theirs throughout the process of preparing the plans. PUBLIC-UTILITY CONSTRUCTION TRAVEL AND FIELD WORK While there was no large hotel or lodge constructed during the past year, With the exception of the southern or all-year parks, our field work is nearly every existing hotel or lodge had additions or enlargements to make. done during the summer construction season, or from May or June to October Many times an addition requires more of our time. as the plans are more or November. Assistant and junior landscape architects are assigned to a frequently returned for a revision. This is because less time and thought is park, or two or three adjacent parks, to cover our work In a given territory. being given to it by the operator, the amount of money involved being small I endeavor to make one or two trips a year to each park having an active compared to that needed for new work. From a landscape viewpoint an construction program. Having men to cover a district enables us more addition may have an importance equal to that of the original project. adequately and more thoroughly to cover the work. They are available to The growth in housekeeping camp facilities is probably the most con- interpret the intent of the plans and make decisions as the work progresses spicuous development of the year. Several new housekeeping camps were without delay to the construction forces. opened in different parks and existing camps were expanded. The growth This year we were able to assign men to the field that have been with the in this type of facility has reduced the need of expanding the free-camping organization at least a year. This is important, as we have succeeded in area to such a degree that in some parks all the increased travel was handled by making good landscape men out of our park superintendents and the project the increased housekeeping facilities without adding to the free-camping area. engineers of the Bureau of Public Roads. Under this condition a well-trained BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS landscape architect entering national park work, deals with men who are more familiar with his particular problems than he is himself. It takes at Our work with the Bureau of Public Roads, while this was not a year of least a year to make a national park man out of the best of new men, as it is great volume because of the limited funds for new work, was distinctly pro- a specialized work. Although we are somewhat short-handed because the gressive. We have been handicapped in previous year with a limited personnel civil service has had difficulty in qualifying men for the work, we are making in the division. Our method was to meet the problems at hand and get the it a policy to send only men who have been with the office a season before work through the office by forced effort rather than system. The volume of giving them a field assignment. road-project plans grew faster than we did. Besides we are probably the Field assignments this year only office to do landscape work in connection with large road projects in the 1. Glacier and Rainier. western mountains, and we are doing this work through another organization. 2. Crater, Lassen, Yosemite. We had much to learn about the work and about the Bureau of Public Roads, 3. Yellowstone, Southwestern Monuments. The bureau likewise had to learn about our work and about us. Because of 4. Zion, Bryce Canyon, Grand Canyon. all of these things, the first few seasons it was necessary for us to feel our 5. Rocky Mountain, Platt, Mesa Verde, Sequoia. Besides being a little better equipped to handle our general run of field way. This year we were able to catch up and take time to work out a system work, I was able to take advantage of the quiet year and visit parks that we for handling each project. We can tell in n moment what the status of any have heretofore left out of our field work. Hot Springs, Platt, Wind Cave, project is. Heretofore we depended upon the correspondence file, our memories, and the Southwestern Monuments were covered by field trips. No one now in and reminders from the bureau or a park superintendent that certain plans the landscape organization had covered the parks before. Whereas the prob- were waiting. We now keep a diary of each project, and every point is lems are not large in these, they are far-reaching in that what work is done now influences the work that is to be done many years hence, 100 UL This report is being written en route to McKinley Park in Alaska. This is GRAND CANYON the first time any landscape man in the service has covered that park. I feel that our year in the field has been a successful one. We were able Sketches.-Residence, south rim : ranger station; American Legion hall : to cover parks and monuments that had been neglected heretofore and at the checking stations; comfort station; residence; barn; caretaker's cabin: machine same time adequately handle the work within the parks that we have been storage shed. covering. If our personnel troubles can be adjusted during the next few Working drawings.-Comfort station, north rim; residence, south rim ; equip- months we will be able properly to cover the enlarged field in the future. ment shed; hospital; parking area, Cape Royal; addition to superintendent's residence; laborer's cabin oil house. LANDSCAPE PROJECTS Drawings reviewed.-Gasoline storage station; cabins, Phanton Ranch; gaso- line-loading racks layout; water-tank layout; cottage layout, village ; generator The following is a list of drawings and list of road projects under study house; cabins, north rim: comfort station, north rim; iron fence: location for by the landscape division in each of the parks: auto camps; power line; male-help dormitory; head house: housekeeping camp; GENERAL 4-room de luxe cabin: fireplaces; tenthouses; auto cabins; Phantom Ranch comfort station; incinerator. Working drawings.-Typical log residence; standard symbols for drawlugs; Road projects reviewed.-Grand Canyon, Desert View, Route No. 1: Grand standard designs for lookout towers (five complete sets) ; standard comfort Canyon, south entrance, Route No. 2; Bright Angel, Cape Royal, Route No. 3; stations (two sets) ; road signs; typical building details. North entrance, Route No. 4; Grand Canyon, National Old Trails, Arizona, Road projects reviewed.-Base specifications for roads; standard head walls Route No. 2. for culverts. HAWAII ACADIA Sketches.-Ranger cottage, volcano entrance checking station. Building sketches.-Equipment shed. Working drawings.-Ranger cottage; volcano entrance checking station. Drawings reviewed.-Kane Memorial Bridge. Drawings reviewed.-Ranger cottage; park headquarters map; volcano house alterations. BRYCE CANYON HOT SPRIN Sketches.-Ranger residence barn and corral: equipment shelter; warehouse; Drawings reviewed.-Additions to Superior bathhouse; addition to Imperial superintendent's cottage. bathhouse. Working drawings.-Ranger residence; standard comfort station; checking LASSEN VOLCANIC kiosk; trail stairway. Drawings reviewed.-Extension to power plant; de luxe cabins. Sketches.-Employee's cottage; bunk house and mess; lookout, White Mountain. CARLSBAD CAVE NATIONAL MONUMENT Working drawings.-Employee's cottage; bunk house and mess; machine shop. Road projects reviewed.-Loop, Route No. 1. Sketches.-Administration building. Working drawings.-Enlargement of ticket office; garage. MESA VERDE CRATER LAKE Working drarvings.-Road-maintenance buildings; stables. Road projects reviewed.-North and south highway, Route No. 1. Sketches.-Kiser studio; administration building; curb dock and float: bunk house and dining room; rim ranger station; rim area layout; headquarters M'KINLEY area layout; rim planting layout. Working drawings.-General store and cafeteria; rock railings; administra- Sketches.-Ileadquarters building, Sable Pass camp. tion building; oil station; guard rail: bunk house and dining room ; Anna Working drawings.-Dog kennels and corral fence; power house; labor cabin Springs ranger station; employees' cabins; winter comfort station; checking superintendent's residence: ranger's station, Copper Mountain: relief cabin kiosk. dog-feed cache; shed storage and cookhouse; machine shop; headquarters building; Sable Pass camp. Drawings reviewved.--Victor rock railing; septic tank and sewage-disposal Drawings reviewed.-Water-storage tank. plant; ranger cabin. Road projects review.-East Entrance, Lost Creek: project 5-A; Anna MOUNT RAINIER Springs rim, routes 3 and 4. GLACIER Sketches.-Community house; 4-room house; Longmire Plaza; Yakima Park development (eight schemes) checking station; outbuildings, White River Sketches.-Swiftcurrent Bridge ; Avalanche Creek layout; checking station: entrance layout (three schemes) South Puyallup River bridge; St. Andrews residence United States commissioner: planting plan, Belton residence No. 2: Creek bridge; Indian Henry trail camp site; Klickitat Creek bridge, Frying Swiftcurrent Gorge development; Many Glacier layout; Sun Camp layout Pan bridge. overhead trail crossing; dormitory, Robb customhouse; customhouse; nature Working drawings.-Map of Longmire area: map of Narada Falls area: guide residence; story-and-a-half residence; 1-story residence; equipment shed; 4-room house; warehouse: map of Paradise area; culvert stonework; stables: road-maintenance buildings; Fielding ranger station. White River entrance station: Dry Creek bridge; landscape plan for adminis- Working drawings.-0i house : Swiftcurrent Bridge; checking station; resi- tration building ; Cowlitz Canyon trail bridge. dence, chief mechanic; porch, chief clerk's house; snowshoe cabin comfort Drawings reviewed.-Gasoline station. station: residence United States commissioner; barn for ranger station; hikers' Road projects reviewed.-Nisqually Road, project No. 1-B: west side high- shelter cabins; water-gaging station. way, Route No. 2; White River (Yakima Park) highway. Route No. 3. Drawings reviewed.-Alterations at Sun Camp. Road projects reviered.-Trans-Mountain Highway, project 1-C; Two Medi- NATIONAL MONUMENTS cine Road, project 2-B Babb-Many Glacier Road, Route No. 3. Sketches.-Petrified Forest, employees' quarters; Tumacacori, custodian's quarters: Chaco Canyon, custodian's house: Petrified Forest, general plan Aztec Ruins, custodian's residence and comfort station and tool and workroom Casa Grande, superintendent's residence: Gran Quivira, custodian's residence: Montezuma Castle, tool and implement shed Petrified Forest, ranger's quarters Tumacacori, tool shed and wash room. Working drawings.-Casa Grande, ranger's residence; Montezuma, addition Working drawings.-Pine Creek bridge; Virgin River Bridge; masonry arch to custodian's residence; administration area map. culverts; superintendent's house; checking station; parking area, Zion Lodge ; parking area, Temple of Sinewava; museum area layout. PLATT Drawings reviewed.-Chemical-cart house. Sketches.-Pavilion for Black Sulphur Springs (three schemes) tool shop. Road projects reviewed.-Zion-Mount Carinel Road. Working drawings.-Pavilion for Black Sulphur Springs; tool shop. REPORT OF EDUCATIONAL DIVISION ROCKY MOUNTAIN ANSEL F. HALL, Chief Naturalist, Berkeley, Calif. Sketches.-Warehouse; employee's residence; Onahu Creek bridge. Working drawings.-Employees' cottages (two buildings) wash-room build- The year ended September 30, 1929, has been marked by a continuation of ing; road camp stable; Bear Lake Road checking station. active interest and assistance on the part of many organizations and individuals Drawings reviewed.-Storehouse for Boulder Field. cooperating in planning for carrying out of the educational program in national Road projects reviewed.-Trail Ridge, west side, projects Nos. 1-B and C; parks. The broad survey of educational possibilities of national parks, which Bear Lake Road, project No. 2-B. was started during the field season of 1928, under a grant made available by SEQUOIA the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, was continued during the field season of 1929. The informal committee of five eminent scientists who con- Sketches.-Wolverton Creek culvert; maintenance shop; employees' quarters; ducted the survey during the field season was enlarged to seven members. community building. The membership at present is as follows: Drs. John C. Merriam, Hermon C. Working trawcings.-Employees' cottage; garage; assistant superintendent's Bumpus, Vernon Kellogg, Frank R. Oastler, Clark Wissler, W. W. Atwood, residence; chlorination building; Marble Fork Bridge; planting plan for Isaiah Bowman, and Harold C. Bryant, with Dr. W. J. Cooper, Commissioner Sherman Tree; Lodgepole Bridge; Clover Creek Bridge. of Education, acting as member ex officio. Drawings reviewed. Eddy studio; Ash Mountain sewage-disposal plant. Upon the recommendation of this informal committee the Secretary of the Road projects reviewed.-Park entrance, Alder Creek; project No. 1-A-1; Interior appointed an informal advisory group to assist the Director of the Sherman Trcc, Lodgepole, No. 1-C-2; Lodgepole, north park boundary, project National Park Service on matters pertinent to educational policy and develop- No. 1-D. ment in the national parks. Doctor Merriam accepted the chairmanship of WIND CAVE the advisory group, and Doctors Bumpus, Kellogg, Oastler, Wissler, Atwood, Skctches.-Headquarters layout; public-utility buildings. and Bowman accepted appointment as members. Roads revicwed.-North and south highway, project No. 1-A-1. PERSONNEL OF THE EDUCATIONAL DIVISION YELLOWSTONE During the past year there have been many additions to and changes in per- Sketches.-Snake River station layout; Old Faithful layout; barn for Silver- sonnel of the educational division. Three new officers were added to the Tip Ranch; Mammoth plan; Gardiner entrance revision, trail side map shelter. staff of educational headquarters. Carl P. Russell was promoted from the Working drawings.-Rearing Pond; gaging station; map of Paint Pot area; position of park naturalist in Yosemite National Park to that of field naturalist map of Buffalo Ranch; Buffalo Ranch bunk house; revision to Lake bunk house, and was assigned to the specialized field of museum planning. George A. Hamilton's store. Grant was appointed photographer for the educational division. Dr. Harvey Drawings reviewed.-Porch for Whittaker's store; Haynes' picture shop at E. Stork served as assistant to the chief naturalist in the field during the Mammoth; Haynes' motion-picture theater; tailor shop, Mammoth ; laundry summer season of 1929. building, Lake; housekeeping headquarters, Old Faithful cafeteria and house- In Mount Rainier National Park, C. Frank Brockman was chosen to fill the keeper's headquarters, Canyon; sewage-disposal plant at Fishing Bridge; park vacancy left by the resignation of Park Naturalist Floyd W. Schinoe. The curio shop; Old Faithful museum; Madison Junction, trail side museum; regrettable denth of Glen E. Sturdevant at Grand Canyon during the winter Yellowstone Park Transportation Co.'s bunk house at Lake and West Yellow- of 1928 made it necessary to appoint a new park naturalist for that park; stone; addition to Canyon garage; addition to hotel boiler rooin at Old Faithful; Edwin D. McKee now fills this position. Bert Harwell entered on duty as linen rooms at Canyon Lodge and Old Faithful Lodge. park naturalist of Yosemite National Park July 1, 1929, filling the vacancy Road projects reviewed.-Gibbon Canyon, project Nos. 1-B-1 and 2; east created by the promotion of Mr. Russell. Harold E. Perry was appointed assist- entrance road, Route No. 5; West Gallatin Road, projects Nos 6-A and B; ant park naturalist, probational, for Yosemite National Park on July 1, 1929. Canyon Junction, Tower Junction, project No. 1-G; Artist Point, project In Sequoia National Park the new position of park naturalist is temporarily No. 9-B. filled by Acting Park Naturalist Frank T. Been. The position of park natural- YOSEMITE ist was created in Glacier National Park and this has been filled by Dr. George Sketches.-Museum layout; development, Camp No. 15; winter picnic C. Ruhle. In Yellowstone National Park the new position of assistant park naturalist is temporarily filled by Newell B. Joyner. grounds; women's dormitory; Glacier Point barn and ranger station; Glacier Point plan; Vernal Falls Bridge alterations. TRAINING OF PERSONNEL Working drawings.-Footbridges; teacher's residence: pump house; Camp Curry parking area; Yosemite hospital; remodeling superintendent's house; During the winter of 1928-29 the park naturalists of Yosemite, Mount women's dormitory; Glacier Point barn and ranger station; employees' cottage. Rainier, Glacier, and Grand Canyon National Parks were assigned to tem- Drawings reviewed.-Ahwahnee group employees' cottages; Camp Curry build- porary service at educational headquarters in Berkeley, to work upon ad- ings; bungalow apartments; cottage apartments; deer guard and bridle path, ministrative plans for the current operation of the educational activities in the Ahwahnee; water-supply plans; Sierra trail sign; toilet unit for Little their individual parks and upon scientific data needed for the use of their Yosemite. local staffs. The chief naturalist wishes to point out the special effectiveness Road projects reviewed.-Happy Isles Bridge, project No. 1-B-2; Wawona of the planning work accomplished by these men at educational headquarters Road, project No. 2-A; Big Oak Flat Road; Mather, White Wolf, project and recommends similar assignments in the future for the efficient formulation No. G-B. of plans and training of individual staff members. ZION Sketches.-Virgin River bridge; superintendent's house; barn and corral; general layout, park headquarters; lodge area layout; employees' residence; trail shelter. PLANNING ACTIVITIES OF THE EDUCATIONAL DIVISION NEW EDUCATIONAL FIELD PROJECTS During the past year much time has been devoted to the careful prepara- While in the field the chlef naturalist is engaged chiefly in planning and other tion of written plans for the administration of all activities being conducted administrative activities in cooperation with the park superintendents and park under the educational division. A "General Plan of Administration for the naturalisis. He had found it difficult in past years to devote sufficient time to Educational Division," setting forth the principles of organization and opera- the detalled work of the establishment of new educational projects in the indi- tion of this division, was completed at educational headquarters during the vidual parks. During the season of 1929, however, such detailed work was winter of 1928-29 and was reviewed by the Washington office and approved by made possible by the temporary appointment of Dr. Harvey E. Stork as field the director on June 4, 1929. This plan states the general principles of assistant to the chief naturalist, under whose direction he planned and carried administration of the division as a whole. out the following activities with the assistance of much contributed volunteer The above plan is supplemented by individual plans of administration of the help: educational activities for each national park. The latter detailed plans are In Grand Canyon National Park weather-proof metal labels were prepared and prepared by the park naturalist, park superintendent, and the chief naturlist placed along the trail from El Tovar Hotel to Yavapai Point Lookout, a distance working in cooperation. Much time has been devoted during the past year to of 1.3 miles along the south rim. A series of metal labels was also prepared the preparation of these individual administrative plans for the educational for use in connection with the establishment of a new nature trail at north rim. units in the various parks, and such plans have been drafted for Yosemite, In Zion National Park two new nature trails, one to Weeping Rock and the Glacier, Grand Canyon, Crater Lake, and Mount Rainier National Parks. These other to Mineral Pool, were planned in cooperation with Park Naturalist Wood- were concurred in by the superintendents, recommended by the chief naturalist, bury and metal signs were prepared. Also, Doctor Stork and his volunteer and approved by the director, as are the plans of other techuical divisions. assistants restored one unit of a cliff dwelling which stands beneath the Giant Arch' in Zion Canyon. The building reconstructed was a granary, the walls INCREASED CURRENT SERVICE TO THE PUBLIC of which were still standing to a height of about 2 feet. Rock masonry, plastered with mud, was carried up to the original height and the roof arched In all of the national parks in which lectures, field trips, and other educa- with a dome of flat stones plastered with clay. It is recommended that. the tional activities are offered to the public, an increasing demand has been shown remaining units of this group of cliff dwelling be restored, as we have in the on the part of the public for such service. During the year 4,096 lectures were vicinity examples of the type of structure which once stood there, and these delivered in the parks to a total of 558,656 visitors, and the 4,044 conducted would make an exceedingly attractive archeological exhibit. field trips were attended by 138,273 persons. The few park museums now iu In Sequoia National Park a wild-flower garden was established at Giant operation were visited during the year by 505,644 persons. Thousands of Forest in an area approximately 40 by 60 feet, adjacent to the museum and other visitors used the nature trails, self-guiding trails, lookout stations, and administration building. About 70 species of wild flowers were transplanted and other features of educational value. A (letailed summary of the current labeled with metal signs, many of the specimens being carried from Alta Peak service rendered in individual parks during the past year is appended in and other timberline habitats many miles distant, while others were brought up tabular form to this report. from lower elevations. During the past year there has been a remarkable increase in current edu- In Yosemite a wild-flower garden was established in the area, surrounding the cational service to the public-an increase oftentimes effected without ma- Glacier Point Lookout, essentially as planned in cooperation with the landscape terial additions to the already overworked staff. Such new activities are division four years ago, when the lookout was constructed. All species planted especially to be commended in Yosemite National Park, where some of the new were labeled with informative metal tags. Similar metal labels were prepared projects are the daily lectures being offered in two of the large public camps for use along the 11-mile trail to Glacier Point and the 4-mile trail to Glacier at the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees, at Hetch Hetchy, at Tuolumne Meadows, Point as an experiment to determine the value of such labels along the regu- at Aspen Valley, and at several other outposts: Also, a new branch museum larly used trails. These labels not only. contain data on the plants, flowers, was put into operation at the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees and temporary geological features, etc., but also give distances and indicate the most inter- exhibits installed at Tuohmne Meadows. esting scenic features to be seen at each outlook point. The new museum at Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park was succes- In Crater Lake National Park metal labels were prepared for the experi- ful beyond all expectations during the first season of its operation, and is mental labeling of a natural wild-flower garden near the present headquarters, proving to be one of the major educational features of the park. Illustrated which has been designated Castle Crest Garden, The labels are inconspicu- lectures are offered nightly in the court of this museum and are regularly ously placed and during the season of 1930 a careful study will be made to attended by audiences as large as 1,500 persons. During the summer of 1929 determine their relative advantages and disadvantages. A well-labeled nature construction has been pushed on another smaller branch museum at Norris trail was established along the rim of Crater Lake from the hotel to a new Geyser Basin. Trail-side exhibits, lookouts, and other branch museums are lookout point about 1.3 miles westward. A temporary view finder was prepared being planned for other points throughout the park, each being a unit of the for the latter point, which forms an objective for this interesting trlp. educational development being carried out in Yellowstoue with the assistance In Mount Rainier National Park more than 600 metal labels were prepared of funds provided by the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, administered by for use on 6 nature trails which were laid out at Paradise and Longmire. representatives of the American Association of Museums in cooperation with the National Park Service. Field Naturalist Carl P. Russell devoted the sum- PUBLICATIONS DURING THE PAST YEAR mer of 1929 to planning of the exhibits and lay-out of these new branch museums. The publication of Nature Notes was continued in Yosemite, Crater Lake, Many new nature trails and self-guiding trails were established in the Mount Rainier, Yellowstone, Rocky Mountain, and Grand Canyon National parks during the season of 1929, particularly in Grand Canyon, Zion, Sequoia, Parks and a similar publication was started by Doctor Ruhle at Glacier National Yosemite, Crater Lake, and Mount Rainier National Parks. Park. Wild-flower gardens were also established and labeled at Sequoia, Yosemite, As an experiment, a number of mimeographed leaflets containing information and Crater Lake National Parks. on the geology, wild life, and other phases of natural history were prepared by In Mount Rainier National Park two experimental rustic trail centers were Acting Park Naturalist Homuth at Crater Lake National Park. These were constructed near Paradise. These proved to be exceedingly effective and were placed at Victor Rock and other points widely visited by the public and were immediately widely used by the public. most enthusiastically received by park visitors. Similar leaflets are being pre- A series of three popular scientific lectures on The Past, Present, and Future pared for use in Yosemite, Yellowstone, and other national parks. of the Giant Sequoias was offered during July, 1929, at Giant Forest in Sequola Much progress can he reported in the matter of information manuals for the National Park, under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. national parks. General summaries were prepared for each of the subjects Dr. Ralph W. Chaney, internationally known paleobotanist, delivered lectures planned for the Yosemite Informal Manual. This was mimeographed and bound and it is sincerely hoped that similar addresses can be offered annually. with copies of the Plan of Administration of the Educational Activities of 172 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 173 Yosemite National Park and the new Manual of Instruction for Educational LAND CLASSIFICATION SURVEY OF THE NATIONAL PARKS Workers in that park. The work of Park Naturalist Homuth, of Crater Lake National Park, in compiling an extensive Information Manual for Crater Lake, During the past year the educational division has cooperated with the Cali- in his own personal time, during the winter of 1928-29, is to be especially coin- fornia Forest Experiment Station in a forest type survey of the State of Cali- mended. Much progress has also been made on the Mount Rainier Manual of fornia, and forest type maps have been prepared for Yosemite and Sequoia Information by Park Naturalist C. Frank Brockman, and upon the information National Parks, the field work being accomplished by the local park staffs. manuals for Glacier National Park and Grand Canyon National Park. Another Similar land classification maps are now being prepared for all of the national volume of the Ranger Naturalist Manual for Yellowstone was produced by the parks. These are not only exceedingly important scientifically bnt are vitally educational staff of that park. needed in forest fire-control activities. LIBRARIES FOR THE NATIONAL PARKS PHOTOGRAPHIC ACTIVITIES STARTED IN THE PARKS There is still a very urgent need for the establishment of libraries, especially Dr. Frank R. Oastler secured a grant of $1,000 through the American Associa- for use by members of the educational staffs in the various national parks, and tion of Museums for the preparation of lantern slides to be used in educational also for reference of visitors specially interested in particular phases of natural activities in Yellowstone National Park. These are being prepared under Doctor history. During the year many items were added to the Yosemite library as Oastler's personal supervision. contributions from the Yosemite Natural History Association. Also, the small So important is the establishment of a photographic department in connec- library in Yellowstone National Park was much enlarged by the addition of tion with the educational division that the matter was laid before a friend books obtained from Government surplus. Little progress can be reported in of the national parks by the chief naturalist, and sufficient funds were secured the other parks, however, chiefly on account of the lack of funds available for to establish a photographic department and provide for its operation to July this purpose. At educational headquarters much progress was made toward the 1, 1930. George A. Grant was appointed as photographer for the educational compilation of a bibliography of books on all national parks. This was accom- division, funds being contributed to the Park Service for this purpose. By plished through the volunteer assistance of Dr. Williain C. Bebb during the request of the donor, the fund contributed for the purchase of photographic winter of 1928. equipment and supplies is being administered by the trustees of the Yosemite RESEARCH Natural History Association, contributions being made to the Park Service as needed. Photographer Grant devoted the summer season of 1929 to field There is a vital need in all of the national parks for accurate and detailed work in the Southwest, making hundreds of negatives in Grand Canyon, Mesa scientific facts upon which the educational program can be based. Also these Verde, Bryce Canyon, Zion, and Sequoia National Parks and in the Southwest- facts are exceedingly important to the proper administration and interpretation ern National Monuments. of wild life and other distinctive features of the National Park Service. Scien- tific investigations were carried on in a number of the parks during the past Summary of current educational activities in the national parks for the year year, but it is strongly urged that this research program be augmented by ended September 30, 1929 additional investigations as soon as practicable. In Yellowstone National Park the geophysical laboratory of the Carnegie Field trips Lectures Institution continued the detailed scientific investigation of the thermal phe- Museum Total Visitors nomena of that region under the auspices of Dr. Arthur L. Day. National park attend- persons during The Museum of Vertebrate Zoology of the University of California continued Number Attend- Number Attend- ance served period ance ance a survey of the animal life of Lassen Volcanic National Park under the direc- tion of Dr. Joseph Grinnell. It is understood that at least two more years of fleld work are necessary before a monograph similar to that on the fanna of Crater Lake 53 1,277 91 11,235 10,055 22,567 128,435 Glacier Yosemite will be published by the University of California. 361 4,980 194 13,459 18,439 70,742 Grand Canyon 110 1,500 500 33,000 30,500 65,000 184,093 Through the generosity of a friend of the national parks a detailed survey Hawaii 540 18,000 300 11,000 15,000 44,000 109,857 of the Yellowstone elk herd and the life habits of the Yellowstone elk was con- Mount Rainier 176 4,171 117 24,895 28,516 57,582 217,783 Rocky Mountain ducted during the winter of 1928 and the summer of 1929. The data being 40 1,300 55 5,000 1,500 7,800 274,408 Sequoia and General Grant 154 3,872 266 43,692 10,700 58,264 156,168 secured will be exceedingly valuable in governing the plan for the management Yellowstone 1,385 84,611 1,155 291,125 166,480 542,216 260,697 of the big game herds of that park and will also be of great interest in making Yosemite 1,088 14,322 1,103 112,900 234,325 361,547 461,257 Zion 137 available much additional data for the use of our educational staff. 4,240 312 12,350 8,568 25,158 33,383 Another friend of the national parks, Georgo Wright, has at his own ex- Total 4,044 138,273 4,096 558,656 505,644 1,202,573 1,896,824 pense inaugurated a comprehensive survey of the wild life of all national parks, and has employed Joseph Dixon, formerly of the California Museum Total number of persons counted on all field trips 138,273 of Vertebrate Zoology, to direct this survey, which it is estimated will occupy Total number of persons counted at all lectures. 558,056 approximately two years of field work and study. Total number of persons counted at all museums 505,044 Grand total WILDERNESS RESEARCH RESERVES 1,202,573 The chief naturalist is cooperating with the Forest Service, the California 1 Estimated. Forest Experiment Station, and the University of California, Division of For- REPORT OF FORESTRY DIVISION estry, in planning investigations looking toward the setting aside of wilderness research reserves in the national parks of California similar to the reserve estab- ANSEL F. HALL, Chief Forester, Berkeley, Calif. JOHN D. COFFMAN, Fire Control Expert lished several years ago in Yosemite National Park. Also plans are being made in cooperation with the Northwest Experiment Station at Portland, Oreg., The work of the forestry division, which is associated with the educational for the establishment of similar research reserves in Crater Lake National division, is devoted chiefly to the protection of park forests against fire, insects, Park, and other parks in the Northwest. tree diseases, and other injury. The appointment of John D. Coffman as fire-control expert has resulted in great strldes being made in the organiza- tion of our fire-protection forces In the national parks, and his accomplish- ments in this field should be specially mentioned. 76008-2912 114 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 175 FORESTRY POLICY During the winter of 1928 a forestry policy was codified by the chief forester. After being studied and revised by the director, it was approved and now forms the basis for forestry activities in the national parks. FIRE PLANS During the past year a detailed survey has been made of the fire hazard in Glacler, Sequoia, Yosemite, Lassen Volcanic, Crater Lake, and Mount Rainier National Parks, and Muir Woods and Pinnacles National Monuments, Based upon the detailed reports prepared by the fire-control expert, comprehensive plans have been made for the prevention and suppression of forest fires in these areas. These were approved by the director, and the plans for Glacier, Sequoia, Yosemite, and Lassen Volcanic National Parks were put into effect during the fire season of 1929, resulting in greatly increased efficiency and economy in fire control. A condensed analysis of our forest-fire situation in the national parks during the season of 1928 is appended to this report. Owing to the fact that the present annual report must be submitted before the close of the fire season, it is impossible at this time to include a similar report for the season of 1929. During the past year forestry headquarters has offered assistance to the park superintendents in the preparation of estimates for fire control and has acted as a clearing house for the cooperative purchase of equipment, tools, etc. The cooperation received from the Forest Service in the matter of pur- chases has greatly reduced expenditures in many items. Forestry headquarters, through Fire Control Expert Coffman, assisted in training rangers and other local personnel, in fire-control methods in Sequola, Yosemite, Glacier, and Mount Rainier National Parks. During the past year a fire code for national park buildings was produced at forestry headquarters in cooperation with the Forest Service and the National Board of Fire Underwriters, and submitted to the director for approval through the landscape architectural division. INSECT CONTROL Forestry headquarters acts as a clearing house for the reporting of insect infestations in the national parks, and during the past year has been in constant touch with the Bureau of Entomology. The heartiest cooperation has been received from the latter organization. Field investigations to determine the seriousness of insect infestations are conducted under their auspices and actual control measures, although carried out under Park Service administra- tion, were planned and supervised by them. An especially severe attack by the mountain pine beetle in Crater Lake National Park made it necessary to transfer funds from practically all of the other parks where money had been allotted for insect control, and all these funds were devoted to the stamping out of this exceedingly bad out- break. Due to the fact that such infestations flare up without previous warning, it is sincerely hoped that, in the future, appropriations for insect control can be set aside in a lump sum SO as to provide for the utilization of these funds in the parks where they are most needed. TREE DISEASES The most important tree disease threatening the forests of the national parks is the white pine blister rust. An intensive survey of the situation in Acadia National Park was made by the blister rust control, and careful plans were made for the eradication of Ribes. The office of blister rust control of the Bureau of Plant Industry also cooper- ated with the Park Service to the extent of a careful field examination in Mount Rainier, Crater Lake, and Glacier National Parks. Requests for appro- priations for the control of this tree disease will be based upon these careful field surveys.