Ordinary R. Stanton Avery Special Collections Dept. New England Historic Genealogical Society 101 Newbury Street Boston, MA 02116 1871 - GBD & WWD go to London- then join parents at Baden-Baden (Good copy - to be read for typographical errors) Trace noute on map. Italy, 1872-1874 - C.H.D. to Paris for winter, going to Riviera and &WWW to Rome; ChD. returned home in spring; GBD & WWD going again, the same spring to England, Scotland and Wales, with Mr. Dana as a companion on the trip; in the fall of 1873 WWD returned home, & CHD joined GBD for a winter in Paris and on Riviera, returning home in the spring of 1874. (Good copy, but change has to be made, as it is written incorrectly.) 1874 - 1878 -- Abroad - Rome, etc. (unfinished) 1878 - trip to Brittany ; trip to Spain, winter of 1877 to be added to the story. 1882 - Trip to Central Italy & Sicily - Rough Copy 1891-1892 - Trip to Palestine & Up Nile - Good Canoeing Trip to Moosehead Lake with Sam Warren - 1895 1902 - Trip with Geologists - Good 1903 - GBD & Vanderbilts - Good 1904 - To Sierras - Good 1907 - Last Trip Abroad Rough A trip through Virginia Staying at Biltmore Estes Park - (Col. Fordyce* June 22, 1939. Dear Dr. Marlatt: While it is all fresh in my mind I want to tell you and Mrs. Marlatt how interested I was in what you told me yesterday of your winter's journey up the White Nile and into the lake and mountain region of Central Africa. It will be forty-eight years ago next November when my father, mother and I left Cairo for our trip up the Nile in a newly- built, most comfortable sailing dahabeah which was our home for the next four months, when we left it to go to Jarusalen and through the Holy Land to Beyrouth, which made a most interesting climax to our winter on the Nile. As I said yestarday, we could then go no further in the dahabeah than Assuan, at the foot of the first cataract, no private boats being allowed beyond at that time on account of the war with the Mahdt, then at the height of his power at Khartoun; but once a week the Government mail usefull steamer went up to the second cataract, at Wadt Halfa, where there was stationed a garrison of some seven or eight thousand Nubian troops com- manded by a score or more of English officers, and, waiting our opportunity, we made the trip up and returned on her, with a few other passen- Harfa gers. Among these was a son of Professor Darwin with whom I became intimate on the way up, and who, having a letter to the commander of the garrison, was promptly invited, on our arrival, to dinner with the Yeas, it being New Year's Eve, 1892. He wrote back asking that I be included in the invitation and we went together to an occasion, very gay and pleasant, I have always looked back to with peculiar pleasure - all the more for its con- trast with the grim fighting under these same men which later followed. [G.B.Dorr] 38 Quite," "On the Point"; and, this year, " Omar, the Tent-maker," some nurseries which contained some translations from the Persian. Published in at Bar Harbor, 1895 a volume of poems, entitled "The Häwthorn Tree," of which Is a member Professor Norton, in an unsolicited letter, said, it was "marked by Resides in the simplicity, sincerity, and much grace of rhythm,-rare virtues in these days." In 1896 contributed to the Educational Music Course JAMES DWI about two hundred and fifty songs for children, and edited for the Dwight, was b Joseph Knight Company a multivariorum edition of the Rubáiyát of In the fall o Omar Kháyyám, containing versions not only in English, but also in Medical School French, German, Italian, Hungarian, and Danish, carefully collated. illness, he did Has also edited three other editions of the same poem, including a Passed the win limited one privately printed. Was an assistant in the compilation of in Hospital, an Charles Dudley Warner's "Library of the World's Literature," and Boston and at contributed several articles to it. During his residence in Boston low of the Ma has contributed a monthly literary letter to Book News, and a fort. linquished the nightly letter to the Bookseller, Newsdealer and Stationer, and is prominent am now editor of Book Culture, a small monthly devoted to the interests try, and, after - of fine book-publishing. Has lectured widely before women's clubs fall of 1883, an and educational institutions, having delivered regular courses of and Ireland. ] lectures on English, Russian, Italian, and French literatures, and articles on spor for a time was at the head of the department of English Literature Boston. of the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston. Is a member He was ma of the Twentieth Century Club, Harvard Musical Association, Children : Dor Cercle de l'Alliance Française, of which he has been first vice-presi- 28, 1889, died 1 dent from the beginning, Franklin Field Club, and Kanai Camera born March I Club. at 225 Beacon He was married June 28, 1882, at Boston, to Helen James Ben- has been spen nett, who has translated several books from the German and French. Children : Robert Montgomery, born June 13, 1884; Arthur Alex- LOUIS DYE ander, born March 14, 1886; Margaret Aliona, born Jan. 26, 1891; Dyer, was borr and Harold Sanford, born March 30, 1893. Resides at " Hedgecote," In the fall o Glen Road, Jamaica Plain (Boston), Mass., and has a summer cot- continued his s tage, "The Moorings," at Ogunquit, Me. home to Chica some months, s GEORGE BUCKNAM DORR, son of Charles H. and Mary Gray for three years (Ward) Dorr, was born in Jamaica Plain, Mass., Dec. 29, 1853. the degree of I Soon after graduation went to Europe, where he remained trav- was assistant P elling and studying until 1879, when he returned to Boston and con- for purposes e tinued his studies as a graduate student at Harvard and elsewhere, country in Dec in various branches for several years. A few years ago spent tute lectures i nearly a year in travelling through Greece, Egypt, and the Holy went back to Land, and since his return has been mainly occupied in studying which is his pe plant life, in landscape gardening work, and in the establishment of lectures,-"S 39 some nurseries for the growth and sale of northern trees and plants at Bar Harbor, Mount Desert, Maine, where he has a summer home. Is a member of the Somerset and University Clubs of Boston. Resides in the winter at 18 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston. JAMES DWIGHT, son of Thomas and Mary Collins (Warren) Dwight, was born in Paris, France, July 14, 1852. In the fall of 1874 began the study of medicine at the Harvard Medical School; but, his work at the school being interrupted by illness, he did not receive the degree of M.D. until June 25, 1879. Passed the winter following as house physician at the Boston Lying- in Hospital, and subsequently practised medicine to some extent in Boston and at Nahant in the summer. In 1879 was elected a Fel- low of the Massachusetts Medical Society. Some years since re- linquished the active practice of his profession. Was for a time prominent among the leading lawn-tennis players of the coun- try, and, after winning several matches here, went to Europe in the fall of 1883, and competed with the champion players in England and Ireland. Has published two books on Lawn Tennis and various articles on sporting matters. Is a member of the Somerset Club of Boston. He was married Jan. 12, 1887, at Boston, to Elizabeth Iasigi. Children: Dorothy, born July 15, 1888; Alfred Warren, born July 28, 1889, died May 4, 1893; Ruth, born Jan. 18, 1891 Philip Joseph, born March 16, 1892; and Elizabeth, born Feb. 24, 1894 Resides at 225 Beacon Street, Boston, one-half the year; and the other half has been spent for ten years at Woods Holl, Mass. LOUIS DYER, son of Charles Volney and Louisa Maria (Gifford) Dyer, was born in Chicago, Ili., Sept. 30, 1851. In the fall of 1874 entered Balliol College, Oxford, England, and` continued his studies there until February, 1877, when he was called home to Chicago by his father's illness. Remained in Chicago for some months, studying, teaching, and lecturing, and was afterwards y for three years tutor in Greek at Harvard. In July, 1878, received the degree of B.A. from Oxford. From Sept. I, 1881, to June, 1887, was assistant professor of Greek at Harvard, and then went abroad for purposes of study and travel. Returning temporarily to this country in December, 1889, he gave a course of eight Lowell Insti- tute lectures in Boston on "The Gods in Greece." In June, 1890, went back to England, and purchased Sunbury Lodge in Oxford, which is his permanent home. In June, 1891, published his Lowell lectures,- " Studies of the Gods in Greece at Certain Sanctuaries ) Leading Nineteenth Century Publishers of Travel Guidebooks to Egypt Page 1 of 7 Leading Nineteenth Century Publishers of Travel Guidebooks to Egypt By: Lisa Spiro Summary: Part of the Travelers in the Middle East Archive (TIMEA), this module describes the history of three of the leading publishers of travel guidebooks in the nineteenth century: John Murray and Sons, Thomas Cook Ltd., and Karl Baedeker. It focuses on guidebooks to Egypt and provides links to the full text of these books in TIMEA. Introduction During the nineteenth century, leisure tourism became a significant industry, driven by improvements in transportation, the rise of the middle-class, and the development of an infrastructure to support travel. Travel guidebooks both contributed to and documented the rise of tourism, helping tourists to navigate foreign places without a human guide and mediating their experience of sites. These guidebooks not only provided advice about what to see, how to behave, and where to find important goods and services, but also reflected the cultural attitudes of their authors and intended audience. By studying travel guidebooks, historians, anthropologists, geographers, literary scholars, and others can understand the theatricality of travel (see, for instance, Gregory) and the evolving relationship among colonizers and colonized. Between 1847 and 1929, dozens of guidebooks were published about Egypt, which drew an increasing number of European and American travelers. Tourists came to view ancient monuments, float up the Nile on a riverboat, look for bargains in bazaars in Alexandria and Cairo, and embark on packaged tours that made travel to Egypt "more convenient and increasingly affordable" (Hazbun, 2007, 3-4). Authors of travel books on Egypt typically began by acknowledging that many books had preceded their own, as did Charles Warner when he noted in 1876 "that if the lines written about Egypt were laid over the country, every part of it would be covered by as many as three hundred and sixty five lines to the inch" (quoted by Gregory, 114). Three companies, John Murray and Sons, Thomas Cook Ltd, and Karl Baedeker, dominated the guidebook industry in the nineteenth century, and all three produced important Egypt guides. Some editions of these guidebooks are collected in the Travelers in the Middle East Archive, an online archive that collects texts, images, maps and contextual materials related to travel in Egypt and other areas of the Middle East. In this module, we provide a brief overview of the leading publishing houses and their guides to Egypt. By comparing travel guides from different periods, one can trace changes in modes of transportation, the politics of travel, travelers' perceptions, urban development, the role of the dragoman (interpreter and guide), and more. For instance, Wilkinson's 1847 travel guide gives lengthy instructions for hiring a dhabeah-a Nile sailboat-whereas Baedeker's 1929 guide describes the Imperial Airways service to Egypt (Cumming 1974). John Murray and Sons http://cnx.org/content/m15453/latest/ 5/14/2009 Leading Nineteenth Century Publishers of Travel Guidebooks to Egypt Page 2 of 7 EGY Figure 1: Cover of A Handbook for Travellers in Lower and Upper Egypt (London: John Murray, 1888) John Murray and Sons was a leading British publishing house that produced the first modern travel guides (Thompson 167). In 1836, John Murray, son of the publisher of Byron, brought out his first travel book, A Hand Book for Travellers in Holland, Belgium, and along the Rhine, and throughout Northern Germany. Murray's travel handbooks were aimed at middle-class travelers and were often authored by experts such as members of the Royal Geographical Society. Murray's first handbook that included Egypt was Handbook to the East (1840). In 1847, Murray published a fuller guide to Egypt, Handbook for Travellers in Egypt by Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (1797-1875), a distinguished British Egyptologist and author of Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians (1837). Murray created the handbook by condensing Wilkinson's Modern Egypt and Thebes: including the information required for travellers in that country (1843) and reorganizing it around a series of routes. Wilkinson's Handbook went through many editions, reaching its seventh edition by 1888 (Mitchell 230). According to Wilkinson's biographer Jason Thompson, "Many English travelers in Egypt subsequently floated up and down the Nile with Handbook for Travellers in Egypt in one hand and Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians in the other" (168). Murray's handbook was the most popular guidebook to Egypt in English until the 1890s, when Baedeker's began to lead the market (Gregory 118). Murray Guidebooks in TIMEA: Wilkinson, John Gardner, Sir. Hand-book for travellers in Egypt; including descriptions of the course of the Nile to the second cataract, Alexandria, Cairo, the pyramids, and Thebes, the overland transit to India, the peninsula of Mount Sinai, the loases, &c. Being a new edition, corrected and condensed, of 'Modern Egypt and Thebes.' (London: John Murray, 1847). http://rudr.rice.edu/handle/1911/9190 A Handbook for Travellers in Lower and Upper Egypt (London: John Murray, 1888). http://rudr.rice.edu/handle/1911/13077 Thomas Cook Ltd. http://cnx.org/content/m15453/latest/ 5/14/2009 Leading Nineteenth Century Publishers of Travel Guidebooks to Egypt Page 3 of 7 EGYPT Figure 2: Cover of Cook's tourists' handbook for Egypt, the Nile, and the Desert (London: T. Cook & Son, 1897) Credited with being "the founder of modern tourism," Thomas Cook established his tour company in England in 1841 by organizing trips for the middle- and lower-class in the English Midlands (Hunter 30). Thomas Cook Ltd. helped to develop the infrastructure for a vibrant tourism industry in Egypt, first by investing in improving the Egyptian government's fleet of steamships, then by building its own fleet of fast, luxurious steamers. In 1870, Egypt's Viceroy Ismail granted Thomas Cook Ltd a concession to run the Egyptian government's steamer fleet from Cairo to Aswan (the First Cataract); in 1874, he extended the service to the Sudanese border (the Second Cataract) and granted the company an exclusive concession to carry government mail along the Nile (Hunter 31). Not only did Cook help to develop the transportation infrastructure, but it also actively marketed travel. In 1886, Cook's hired E. A. Wallis Budge, Keeper of the Antiquities in the British Museum, to author Notes for Travellers, a detailed volume that the company gave to all passengers on its Nile steamers (Gregory 118). Through its travel guides, its magazine Cook's Excursionist, and advertisements, the company promoted Egypt "as a winter resort par excellence" that offered a mild climate and exotic ancient sites (Hunter 36). During the winter of 1889-1890, almost 11,000 tourists visited Cairo, "of whom 1300 went up the Nile" (Hunter 42); ten years later, as many as 50,000 visited Egypt (Hazbun 20). By the turn of the century, Thomas Cook Ltd. had developed a network of "tourist stations" along the Nile offering a range of accommodations and conveniences, from post offices to doctors' offices. After first arriving at Alexandria, tourists could receive assistance from Cook's agents in planning the rest of their travel in Egypt. According to Douglas Sladen, a veteran of Cook's Nile cruise, "Cook is the uncrowned King of Egypt, and this is the navy with which he won his battle of the Nile" (388). Sladen and his fellow travelers could cruise the Nile in luxury, staring out the window at historic sites while reclining in bed or relaxing in the lounge, servants attending to their every need. So successful was Cook in providing commercialized travel services in Egypt that, as F. Robert Hunter argues, "By the turn of the century, there were two empires on the Nile - Britain's military occupation, and Cook's Egyptian travel. The Nile had become the favourite winter resort of westerners. A traveller could leave his native shores and find the comforts of home aboard a steamship and in luxury hotels bathed in desert sunshine" (44). Cook's Guides in TIMEA: http://cnx.org/content/m15453/latest/ 5/14/2009 Leading Nineteenth Century Publishers of Travel Guidebooks to Egypt Page 4 of 7 [Budge, E.A. Wallis] Cook's tourists' handbook for Egypt, the Nile, and the Desert (London: T. Cook & Son, 1897). http://hdl.handle.net/1911/9284 Karl Baedeker Buadeker's EGYPT Figure 3: Cover of Baedeker's Egypt: handbook for travellers. (Leipsic:K. Baedeker, 1898) Founded by Karl Baedeker (1801-1859) in Germany, the Baedeker publishing house was a preeminent publisher of guidebooks. The first Baedeker guide was published in 1839, modeled in part after Murray's guidebooks. Whereas Murray's guides were covered in brown cloth, Baedeker chose a more vibrant red cloth cover for his guides. Baedeker's guidebooks typically provided enough detail to allow a traveler to navigate unfamiliar places, but not SO much that the entire visit was completely scripted and predigested. As Medelson writes, "In his descriptions of a place worth visiting, he gave his readers precisely the information they needed to find their way cheaply and conveniently, and precisely the information they needed in order to appreciate what they saw. He trusted them to provide their aesthetic and emotional responses for themselves." To help travelers determine the most important sites, Baedeker created a star system, marking the key places with an asterisk. After Karl Baedeker's death in 1859, his sons took over the company and began publishing guides in French and English in addition to German. By the late nineteenth century, Baedeker dominated the market, SO much SO that the company's name became synonymous with guidebook. Baedeker's guides reflected the sense of cultural superiority among northern Europeans during the nineteenth century. As Mendelson explains, "Although, like any ethnographer of the time, Baedeker recognized a degree of cultural relativism the Baedeker handbooks never seriously doubted that in lower latitudes morals grew slack and manners coarse." As noted above, Baedeker's volume on Egypt became the leading guidebook by the end of the century. In 1877, Baedeker's guide to Lower Egypt first appeared, while its Upper Egypt guide was published in 1891. Between 1877 and 1929, Baedeker published 8 editions of the Guide to Egypt. Karl Baedeker credited the Murray's Red Book on Egypt with being a source of information used in his own guide to Egypt; indeed, John Murray noted telltale signs of plagiarism in the Baedeker guide, as a line in the Red Book about "slate rocks full of garnets" became "rocks overgrown with pomegranates" in Baedeker (Cumming 1974). Baedeker recruited leading scholars to write for the Egypt guide, including Keppel Archibald Cameron Creswell on http://cnx.org/content/m15453/latest/ 5/14/2009 Leading Nineteenth Century Publishers of Travel Guidebooks to Egypt Page 5 of 7 Islamic architecture, Georg Steindorff on Egyptology and history, Georg Schweinfurth on ethnology, and Carl Heinrich Becker on Islam. Baedeker's guide to Egypt also included over 50 woodcuts from Edward Lane's Manners and customs of the modern Egyptians and over twenty maps. Baedeker's guides not only shaped travelers' experiences of Egypt, but also influenced literary representations. For instance, Thomas Pynchon drew from Baedeker's 1899 guide to Egypt, "right down the names of the diplomatic corps," in writing his short story "Under the Rose," which became the basis for chapter 3 of his novel V (Russell 2000). In 1898, the Literary World published a glowing review of the new Baedeker Egypt guide, which was imported to the US by Charles Scribner's and sold for $4.50. Previously Baedeker had published two volumes of its Egypt guide, one volume on Lower Egypt and the Fauym, the other on Upper Egypt. The 1898 edition condensed the two volumes into a single book of about 600 pages, including twenty-two maps, fifty- five plans, and sixty-six views and vignettes. The Literary World wrote, "Baedeker's new Egypt stands easily at the head of that long list of guide books whose red coats have established a world wide recognition, smoothed the paths of hundreds, and thousands of travelers and earned for the name of their accomplished editor eternal gratitude It is not too much to say that all Egypt-geographical, topographical, archaeological, historical, political, social, industrial and pictorial, barbaric and civilized, African and European, ancient and modern, the Egypt of ruins and superstitions the Egypt of Pharaohs, Ptolomies, and Khedives, the Egypt of the sphinx, the pyramid, and the Nile boat, of the mummy and the electric light-is compressed into this one book... To turn its pages is almost like wandering through the museum at Ghizeh" (Literary World, 1898). Baedeker Guides in TIMEA Baedeker, Karl. Egypt, handbook for travellers. pt. 1. Lower Egypt, with the Fayûm and the peninsula of Sinai. (Leipsic; London:1 K. Baedeker, 1885) http://rudr.rice.edu/handle/1911/9163 Baedeker, Karl. Egypt, handbook for travellers: part second, upper Egypt, with Nubia as far as the second cataract and the western loases. (Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1892) http://hdl.handle.net/1911/19580 Baedeker, Karl. Egypt: handbook for travellers. (Leipsic:K. Baedeker, 1898). 4th remodelled edition. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/13069 Baedeker, Karl. Egypt: handbook for travellers. (London: Karl Baedeker, 1908). 6th remodelled ed. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/13070 Baedeker, Karl. Egypt and the Sûdân; handbook for travellers. (New York:K. Baedeker, 1914). 7th remodelled ed. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/13071 Works Consulted "Baedeker's New Egypt." Literary World, April 2, 1898, 103. http://books.google.com/books?id=yTM- AAAAMAAJ&lpg=PA103&ots=mIP9oMK- eh&dq=author+of+baedeker+guide+to+egypt&pg=PA103&ci=351,452,282,521&source=bookclip Cumming, D. C. "[Review of Baedeker's Egypt]." The Geographical Journal 140, no. 3 (October 1974): 496- 497.http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0016-7398%28197410%29140%3A3%3C496%3ABE1%3E2.0.CO%3B2- http://cnx.org/content/m15453/latest/ 5/14/2009 Leading Nineteenth Century Publishers of Travel Guidebooks to Egypt Page 6 of 7 E (accessed September 28, 2007). Gregory, Derek. "Scripting Egypt: Orientalism and the Cultures of Travel", in Writes of Passage: Reading Travel Writing, ed. James Duncan and Derek Gregory (London: Routledge, 1999), 114-50. Hazbun, Waleed. "The East as an Exhibit: Thomas Cook & Son and the Origins of the International Tourism Industry in Egypt." In The Business of Tourism: Place, Faith and History. Ed. Philip Scranton and Janet F. Davidson. (Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania Press, 2007): 3-33 Hunter, F Robert, "Tourism and Empire: The Thomas Cook & Son Enterprise on the Nile, 1868-1914," Middle Eastern Studies, 40:5 (2004), 28-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0026320042000265666 Mendelson, Edward. "Baedeker's Universe." Yale Review 74, no. 3 (Spring 1985): 386-403. Re-published online at http://www.ctrarebooks.com/? page=shop/disp&pid=faq&CLSN_1597=1137731824159715f59f980b1930717e (accessed September 28, 2007). Mitchell, Timothy. "The World as Exhibition." Comparative Studies in Society and History, 31: 2. (Apr., 1989), pp. 217-236. Reid, Donald Malcolm. Whose Pharoahs? Archaeology, Museums and Egyptian National Identity from Napoleon to World War I. (Berkeley: U of California Press, 2002). Sladen, Douglas. Queer things about Egypt. (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1911). Travelers in the Middle East Archive (TIMEA), http://timea.rice.edu Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Nile Notes of a Howadji: American Travellers in Egypt. http://www.sil.si.edu/ondisplay/nile-notes/index.htm (accessed September 28, 2007). Thomas Cook Ltd. Cook's tourists' handbook for Egypt, the Nile, and the Desert. (London: T. Cook & Son, 1897). Travelers in the Middle East Archive (TIMEA), http://timea.rice.edu Thompson, Jason. Sir Gardner Wilkinson and His Circle (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1992) Wilkinson, John Gardner, Sir. Hand-book for travellers in Egypt; including descriptions of the course of the Nile to the second cataract, Alexandria, Cairo, the pyramids, and Thebes, the overland transit to India, the peninsula of Mount Sinai, the loases, &c. Being a new edition, corrected and condensed, of 'Modern Egypt and Thebes. (London: John Murray, 1847). Travelers in the Middle East Archive (TIMEA), http://timea.rice.edu Related material Supplemental links [3]Travelers in the Middle East Archive (TIMEA) [2]Search TIMEA Similar content Egypt through the Stereoscope: Stereography and Virtual Travel Places in Egypt: Lower Egypt Using TIMEA Modules http://cnx.org/content/m15453/latest/ 5/14/2009 DAHABEAH DAYS An Egyptian Winter Holiday HELEN M. EDGAR THE RYERSON PRESS TORONTO DAHABEAH DAYS INTRODUCTION To those who have not been fortunate enough to know Egypt from its holiday side, a brief description of a Dahabeah may not prove superfluous. A Dahabeah is an animated house-boat. The lower deck is occupied by one large cabin in the stern, which is separated from the other cabins by a bathroom (the Dodo was of a large type and boasted eight small cabins), then in front of this is located the living room, and between that and the bow are two store rooms. The galley, or cook house, is in the centre of the bow, and round it the crew gather in the day time and sleep at night. The upper deck is most luxuriously furnished with upholstered sofas and chairs, with a centre table. At night the deck needs no lawnings. At breakfast we found our linen covers as crisp and dry as when we had lounged in them the previous evening. Our anchorages were not always attractive, but we were taken as the wind listed, and then there was the charm of seeing many places the steam-driven traveller wots not of. The Pharaohs travelled thus, and in that we found much consolation. Owing to recent Egyptian explorations Akenaton has once more become a "sun spot" of large dimensions. Akenaton was succeeded by his two sons-in-law, Sa- kere first, then by Tutankhamen. The former continued in the worship of Aton (sun god), but Tutankhamen, after a few years in Tel El Amarna, returned to Thebes, where he reverted to the faith of Amon. Travellers in Egypt - Dahabeahs and Steamers Page 1 of 5 Equip Back to the front page Dahabeahs and Steamers 01872 Nothing has probably been so fully described and praised to exhaustion as the famous DEPARTMENTS "Dahabeah;" and the idyllic charms of life in one of these boats, floating up and down the A Deeper Glance Nile, have been sung in every imaginable strain. No doubt, for a party of very dear News and Events friends on a shooting excursion, a young couple in their honeymoon, invalids in search of Other Lands health, young swells who have nothing at all to do on earth but kill time and throw away their money - in fact, for any one who can easily shut himself out from all Spyglass communication with the civilized world, and has got the temper to lie idle for weeks and The Old Books months, looking every day on the same uniformly desolate scenery, nothing can be more The Travellers delicious besides, it is "the Fashion." Who would dare to confess, in good society, to having been up the Nile, except by Dahabeah? The Travellers Journals Such small drawbacks as sudden severe illness, accidents from fire-arms, and Who Was Who consequent helplessness of the travellers - no medical aid being obtainable - even deaths on board, occurring every season, are never even mentioned; but those who have witnessed this, and have seen those unfortunate parties return, and heard their tale of woe, know better. During last season, 1871-2, several sad incidents happened, and frequently the Steamers were hailed for medical assistance from the ship's doctor, or to take in tow Dahabeahs wanting to return as fast as possible to Cairo. Unfortunately, SEARCH THIS SITE towing of any craft is strictly prohibited, and these applications had all to be declined. Even the most enthusiastic admirer of this majestic river must confess that the scenery on its banks is very tame, and soon becomes monotonous. On board a fast sailing Steamer there is continual change, and every turn brings new features, new sights in Search view. A Dahabeah, when becalmed, may be detained in the same spot for a whole week; or, if the passengers insist, as they must do if they want to move on, and there is no head wind, the crew will work away and haul the boat up stream - a very painful sight, and really galley work. Look at those poor fellows yoked together with a rope round their breasts, toiling along with outstretched and swollen necks, and listen to their painful song as they work, slowly advancing, by short steps, at the rate of from five to six miles per day! Floating down river, if contrary winds prevail, Dahabeahs are no better off. THEMES Arabs can do nothing without singing most piteously; their songs, which are described A small collection of selected articles fully in every guide book, may amuse you for a whole day, but become, from constant grouped into themes. repetition, quite unbearable. It very frequently happens that a party for a Dahabeah is only made up in Cairo, between people who never knew or met each other before. On starting, it is soon found out that their characters are anything but congenial; one angry word produces another, and after a few days serious quarrelling breaks out. If these parties are still within the reach of the Railway (running from Cairo to Roda, 180 miles), they break up and return to Cairo; if beyond, they have to endure each other's society until the end of the voyage. BIBLIOGRAPHY Here you can find a list of books There is a saying that if a man about Travels, Travellers, has any bad point it is sure to come out and shine in all its Egyptology and more. http://www.travellersinegypt.org/archives/2004/11/dahabeahs_and_steamers.html 5/15/2009 Travellers in Egypt - Dahabeahs and Steamers Page 2 of 5 splendour on board a ship. The Nile Steamers generally carry from twelve to twenty passengers. If they are all well- SPONSORED LINKS educated and nice people, behaving to each other with due regard, there can be nothing more pleasant; they all become fast friends, and each individual contributes, by his acquired knowledge and reading, to the general amusement and instruction, as very DiscoveryStore often men of great learning join these excursions. Several of the Steamers returning last season from this three weeks' Tour gave splendid proofs of this; on arrival at Cairo there was no end of affectionate leave-taking, shaking of hands and expressions of mutual esteem and gratitude for the pleasure received. Other expeditions, we are sorry to say, Find terminated quite differently; passengers parting from each other without a kind word, and complaining and finding fault with everything on board. hug-worthy gifts > The best means to enjoy this Tour thoroughly, and avoid all this unpleasantness, is undoubtedly for a party of friends who know each other - or, if not friends, at least parties of the same nationality - to hire a small special Steamer to themselves, as, by paying thirteen or fourteen first-class passages, they can always be accommodated. Ads by Google Still, such dissensions and incompatibility of temper are less strongly felt, and of less consequence, on board a Steamboat - being a public means of conveyance, where every Egypt tours, Nile passenger can keep aloof from or mix with whom he likes - than on board a Dahabeah, Cruises where they all must form one family party, living day and night in close proximity, and Personalized where continual frictions are unavoidable. We repeat, it is very bad when Egypt tours & Nile cruises tailored to misunderstanding arises between the passengers on board a Steamer, but it is ten times your budget. worse in a Dahabeah, and why, if a confidential party is not formed from the very www.roadtoegypt.com beginning, run the risk of spending three miserable months with disagreeable travelling companions instead of SO many weeks? Egypt Mutual forbearance, a little unselfishness, and easy temper, can give great charms to this Biblicaly Guided highly interesting Tour; and any one travelling in the East, and especially on the Nile, Tours and Cruises Israel, ought to remember the country and place he is in-that it is utterly impossible to get y,Greece, everything as easily as in a civilized country; in short, he must make up his mind to Turkey, Egypt rough it a little every now and then, and not grumble on the least occasion; or he had www.maranathatours.com much better stay at home. The expenses of the Steamboat administration, and the difficulty of supplying coal and Cruising the various kinds of provisions, are very serious. The matériel actually disposable for the Seine River passenger traffic on the Nile is certainly not what it could and ought to be; but then we Experience Europe ought to be thankful even for this, and consider that the Egyptian Government keep up by River Cruise! these passenger Steamers at a great pecuniary loss, and only for the sake and benefit of Save up to 50% on 2009 itineraries. European Tourists. VikingRiverCruises.com/ Besides, the Khédive intends to improve this service gradually, and one new comfortable Steamer has already been prepared for next season. Many passengers consider the rate Cheap Egypt of £44 sterling, excessive - although it includes everything - living, sight-seeing, guides, Tours Deals Official Site for and donkeys. Coal is very expensive upon the Nile, and the servants and crew in these Egypt Tourss! small Steamers always outnumber the paying passengers. No private enterprise could Discount Travel possibly work these Steamers regularly without loss, and, as stated above, it is only Deals on 120+ managed by Government assistance. Taking into consideration all these circumstances, sites www.Kayak.com/Trip any short - comings ought to be endured and disposed of with an easy temper; the Tour once accomplished, every little hardship is naturally soon forgotten, and nothing will remain, but to remember, with unalloyed pleasure, the interesting journey and the Please consider visiting our wonderful scenes visited. sponsors clicking on the banners above. Another great service has been indirectly rendered to the travelling public by the revival of Steamboat traffic on the Nile. During the last few years the prices for Dahabeahs have risen to an extraordinary height. Last winter, before the Steamers began to ply, the price asked for a first-class boat was from £90 to £120 sterling a month, for three or four months; a short time afterwards they came down to £60, or even lower, and remained http://www.travellersinegypt.org/archives/2004/11/dahabeahs_and_steamers.html 5/15/2009 Travellers in Egypt - Dahabeahs and Steamers Page 3 of 5 stationary at that rate all the season through. It is quite natural that Dragomans, owners Do you like this site? of Dahabeahs, and the numerous class of tradesmen whose interests are threatened, are Click here to donate a dollar or more not much in favour of Steamers, which will surely diminish, or partly destroy, their business; and any one applying to such people for information may certainly expect to be misled, and to hear the most awful reports about the Steamers. Many instances occurred last season, where Dragomans absolutely declined to obey the written orders of their employers they have been accustomed so long to have it all their own way, that they do amazon.com not like to sacrifice any of their privileges. In going by Steamer, the traveller is saved an and you're done." enormous amount of trouble and expense; no bargaining, no contract, and no quarrelling Warlock when the journey is completed. All he has to do is to take his Ticket and come on board Wilbur Smith at the appointed hour. Time and patience will work the change from sail to steam, even on the Nile; there is no reason whatever why people ought not to travel by steam on this enormous stream, as The Code Book Simon Singh well as on other rivers whose shores offer more variety and more attractions to the CODE ordinary visitor and sight-seer. The order of sight - seeing by Steamboat is perfectly in harmony with the importance of the monuments. The stoppings take place in sailing up Mummies & stream, beginning at the tombs of Beni-Hassan, and finishing at Philae. By thus visiting Pyramids the temple of Dandarah, and other minor monuments, before Thebes, they lose nothing Mary Pope Osborne of their grandeur, and produce their full impression. The time allowed and fixed for sight-seeing is quite adequate and sufficient, whatever may be stated to the contrary; out Twelfth Planet of all the passengers who made the Tour on hoard the Steamers, there was not one who Zecharia Sitchin was not thoroughly satisfied in this respect. A passenger by Dahabeah is conveyed up stream as fast as possible, whenever there is a favourable wind, by day or night, and begins sight - seeing at the wrong end-on his way The African Origin of Civilization down; a Steamer never travels by night, and, therefore, has the double advantage, that no Cheikh Anta Diop, scenery is lost, and sleep is undisturbed. Nearly every week in the season a Steamer is regularly dispatched, and letters are forwarded to passengers up the Nile on board the other Steamers; the returning boats The Egyptian Book of the Dead receive letters to be posted from the up boats, and they always stop together for half an Eva Von Dassow, Dr. hour on meeting each other. The sailings and stoppings of a Steamer are always fixed and can be relied upon, so that telegraphic messages can be received and forwarded nearly every day through our Office in Cairo. The calculation of time employed is easy and certain, and the date of return can be fixed beforehand, so that ulterior travelling Privacy Information arrangements can be made with safety. In a Dahabeah, one may return in six weeks or three months, according to wind and other circumstances; the defective postal arrangements make it very difficult, or rather impossible, to receive or dispatch letters. SOME RIGHTS RESERVED The only place where letters can be addressed to up the Nile is at the English Consul's, Mustapha Agar, at Luxor; there the letters and papers lie about on a table or in an open box, SO that every one can help himself at pleasure. Back to the front page From Up the Nile by Steam by R. Etzensberger - Thomas Cook & Son, 1872 Featured product by our sponsor Up the Nile by Steam by R. Etzensberger Thomas Cook & Son with Tourist Programmers for the East by Thomas Cook & Son and Specially designed maps by Keith Johnston. London, Thomas Cook & Son, 1872. An eBook from Bookolica.com. Recommended readings The Golden Age of Travel http://www.travellersinegypt.org/archives/2004/11/dahabeahs_and_steamers.html 5/15/2009 Travellers in Egypt - Dahabeahs and Steamers Page 4 of 5 by Andrew Williamson Grand Tours and Cook's Tours: A History of Leisure Travel, 1750-1915 by Lynne Withey Thomas Cook of Leicester by Robert Ingle Thomas Cook: 150 years of popular tourism by Piers Brendon Vintage Egypt Cruising The Nile by Alain Blottiere Egypt Custom Tours Egypt Tours Discounted Custom itineraires & private guide from $845: Nat'l Large selection of escorted and independent Egypt Geo Top Outfitter. vacations. KansinntonTours was AffordahloToure V V Ads by Google Other articles that you could find interesting North Wind Still Blowing in The Travellers Journals Upper Egypt: Memphis, Thebes, Syene in The Travellers Journals Preparations for a Voyage in The Travellers Journals An Invitation for Dinner in The Travellers Journals From Suez to Cairo in A Deeper Glance The Nile Excursion in The Travellers Journals A Charming Luncheon in The Travellers Journals Thomas Cook & Son in A Deeper Glance First-Class Hotels Advertisements in Spyglass A Thousand Miles Up the Nile: Classic Victorian Travel by Amelia B. Edwards Page 1 of 2 Norton Creek Press Bringing the Best Books Back to Life THOUSAND MILES A Thousand Miles up the Nile up the NILE by Amelia B. Edwards By Norton Creek Press, December 2008, 499 pages, AMEUA-B EDWARDS Suggested retail price, $35.95. ISBN 0981928420. As enthralling as any work of fiction, A Thousand Miles up the Nile is the quintessential Victorian travel book. In 1873, Amelia B. Edwards, an upper-class Victorian spinster, spent the winter visiting the then largely unspoiled splendors of ancient Egypt. An accurate and sympathetic observer, she brings nineteenth-century Egypt to life. A Thousand Miles up the Nile was an instant hit in 1876, and is received with equal enthusiasm by modern readers. Buy Now From Amazon.com Fans of Elizabeth Peters' Amelia Peabody Emerson series will see similarities between the two Amelias. More importantly, A Thousand Miles up the Nile provides a wealth of background information and detail that will increase the Home reader's understanding and enjoyment of Peters' novels. Book Lines Chickens & This Norton Creek Press edition of A Thousand Miles up the Nile is a reproduction of the illustrated 1890 edition by Poultrykeeping Routledge and Sons, which routinely sells for well over $100. Our reproduction has not captured the full quality of the Back to the Land original engravings, which require better printing and paper than are available to us, but we're confident that the book Science Fiction (and its illustrations) will delight you. Boys' Adventures Egyptian Archaeology Look for more of Edwards' works from Norton Creek Press. Role-Playing Games Amelia B. Edwards was an author and co-founder of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Sign Up for My Newsletter! Ordering A Thousand Miles up the Nile Poultry & Back-to-the- Land you@your_isp.com Ordering From Amazon.com Sign Up You can order from any online bookseller. We like Amazon.com the best. Buy Now From Amazon.com News and Blog Find Copies Using the AddALL Book Search Engine Free Poultry Info Search for "A Thousand Miles Up the Nile" About Us Featured Titles Special-Order From Your Favorite Bookstores FRESH-AIR While specialty books like these aren't kept on the shelves in your local bookstores, you should have no trouble special- POULTRY HOUSES ordering them. Return to the Norton Creek Press Home Page Fresh-Air Poultry Houses Sign Up for Our Monthly Email Newsletter! More Information ShareThis Full of poultrykeeping and back-to-the-land info. Success With you@your_isp.com Subscribe Do it Baby Chicken Success With Baby Chicks More Information http://www.nortoncreekpress.com/a_thousand_miles_up_the_nile.html?gclid=CMfHodigv 5/15/2009 NILE JOURNEY. xix b. The Dhahabiyeh Voyage. Though the voyage in a Dhahabiyeh demands much more time and money than the steamboat-voyago. on the other hand it offers the only means of a satisfactorily close examination of the country and its monuments. A party of 4-5 persons will be found advisable, especially as the expense is not much more than for 1-2 persons. A large selection of good dhahaliyehs is to be found at Cairo, on the left bank of the Nile both above and below the new bridge at Bûlâk, Travellers who take the train from Gairo to Assiût should despatch their boat from Cairo about a fortnight in advance, for there are no good dhahabiyehs either at Assiût or farther up at Luxor and Assuan. In Cairo the best dhahabiyehs are those belong- ing to Messrs. Cook & Son ("Isis", 'Osiris', "Horus", 'Hathor', 'Neph- this', and 'Ammon-Ra', costing 130t. per month) or Messrs. Gaze & Son ('Sesostris', 'Cheops', 'Herodotus' and Hope". 110t. per month). Other good craft, with the monthly hire, are as follows: 'Diamond' (1004), 'Eva' (80%) 'Admiral' (857. Tinsah (90%), 'London', 'Luxor', 'Philre' (each 75t.), 'India (85% Alma', 'Nubia', 'Ze- nobia, 'Gamila' (each 902.), Lotus' (70%) Meermin', 'Manhattan' (each 75%.). Griffin (80%), 'Zingara (651, 1. and 'Vittoria' (55t.). These prices incindo the hire of the dhahabiych and its full equipment and the wages of the re's or captain and the crew. For 130f/ the services of a dragoman, cook, and attendant, and for provisions, mo saddles, and all the incidental expenses of excursions (excluding bakshish), the price per day and per pers. is calculated thus: - Hather Cook Gazu Dragoman Party of 2, each pers. 33s. 35s. 30s. 3 plus - 28s. 27x. 24s. 4 - 24s. 25a. 20s. pay of 5 - - 22s. 20s. 18s. 3 I - 6 OT more, 20s. 16s. 16s. 285/day Thus for a voyage of 60 days from Cairo to Assurn and back, including the payment of a dragoman and all provisions (except 40 day wine, etc.), Cook charges 590L. for a party of i (i.e. 1181. each pers., or 39s. 4d. each per day). For smaller parties, the cost per head is payer considerably more. A three months' voyago III the 'Manhattan' (the property of a dragonian) costs 4857. for a party of 4 (i.e. 61. 10s. for to per day, or 32s. 6d. each pers. per day). The inclusive charge for Cairo Cook's excellent steam-dhahabiyeh 'Nitocris (S berths) is 400L. per assuan month, a sum that will not appear exorbitant when the time saved by steaming is taken into account. bach Those who employ Cook!4 OT Gaze's dhuhahlerha are relieved from 540.66 they http://scholarship.rice.edu/bitstream/handle/1911/19580/BaeEgUExix.jpg?sequence=1646 5/14/2009 of Thomas Cook&Son and the Egyptian Director Page 2 of 21 Egypt as "modern" tourist destination than the Thomas Cook & Son wavel agency.and the Egyptian Season" Janne Ahtola Introduction Egypt's civilization represents one of the world's longest recorded history, and it has also been widely used as one of the basic elements of tourism. Egypt has a unique cultural heritage which continues to attract millions of travellers to this land year after year We may consider Egypt as one of the oldest and most traditiona tourist destinations as Egypt has been for ages among the mos wanted places to be visited. Already ancient Greeks and Romans went there to see some of mankind's earliest wonders. Egypt was also one of the first countries to know tourism in its modern sense and during the 1880s and 1890s Egypt's share of the global touris market was much bigger than nowadays, even though Egypt still is the leader of Middle East tourism. During the recent years contemporary tourism has become a popular research subject, but the roots of tourism are often ignored even though history is one of the key academic disciplines as far as the understanding of tourism is concerned. In this presentation examine the development of tourism in Egypt in the period 1882 1899 from the viewpoint of the role played by Thomas Cook & Son, the leading travel agent of the time. Egypt became the "veiled" protectorate of Britain in 1882. The reason why my research ends to the year 1899 is because Thomas Cook & Son's manager John Cook, a dominant figure in Egyptian travel, died in 1899. Thomas Cook (1808-92) was a British pioneer who, with the help of his family, created the world's greatest travel business Especially Thomas Cook's son, John Mason Cook (1834-99), who was given the charge of the London 'headquarters' in 1865, provec from the start that he had the qualities that would enable him to become a dominant figure in the modern travel business. By 1871 John Cook was a full and equal partner in the enterprise, and started to manage the business very efficiently. In the 1870s and 1880s new offices were set up especially in the United States and in the British colonies. My main interest lays in the development of organized travel. tourism in Egypt. In this paper an effort is made to show that Thomas Cook & Son played a major role in the development o tourism as a promising new industry in Egypt. I will describe Cook's tours and various services and show that during the period covered by my research tourism actually became one of the leading industries in Egypt. Also, I will take a brief look at British society in order to illuminate the basic conditions under which the decisions to make trips and the preparations for them were made http://www.tourismuninet.org/muuttuvamatkailu/art2.html 4/27/2005 Thomas Cook&Son and the Egyptian Director Page 3 of 21 Even though it is true that Egypt's distinctive ancient culture did appeal to most travellers, my thesis is that in the case of Egypt the motives of travel were more social than cultural, and that from the British perspective the main attraction of Egypt was the fashionable season in Cairo and on the Nile. At various stages of my research I have been able to use material stored in a special archive devoted to travel - the Thomas Cook Archives. The archive is a collection of travel-related material, such as Cook's magazines, brochures, correspondence, diaries, travel stories, posters and guide books. I am grateful for the invaluable assistance of the personnel of this unique archive. Imperial Connections of Travelling From the 1880s British policy was dominated by Imperial considerations. The British press followed the expansion of the Empire with pride, which was reflected in newspaper articles. Exotic parts of the Empire, such as Egypt and India, were eagerly described. Also imperialist picture material had its effect on the public opinion (MacDonald 1994, 2-3; MacKenzie 1986, 10). We may also claim that Britain attempted to sell the concept of the Empire to the respected people as a means of overcoming the pressing internal problem. Popular articles promoting imperialism reached the general public through mass journalism. The voice and motto of the time was: "Britannia o'er the land holds sway, Britannia rules the waves" (Mangan 1986, 123). For those who were sufficiently well off, trips to the British colonies were on offer. The popular appeal of the Empire was strong. We may presume that the prosperous British middle and upper classes, devoted to travelling, were susceptible to the ideology of imperialism, and the national interest which Britain had taken in Egypt since 1882. In August 1882 British military intervention began with Khedive Tewfik's consent and the British forces captured Suez Canal. British interest in Egypt stemmed from the Suez Canal as the short route to India. Though, consul Sir Walter Miéville firmly believed "that the financiers of Europe were the real instigators of the bombardment of the forts of Alexandria (1882)." (Miéville 1899, 90). relationto brethers In Egypt Sir Evelyn Baring (known after 1892 as Lord Cromer) governed 1883-1907 as Viceroy, and proceeded to set up British- style administration, education, police and army, keeping up the appearance of Egypt's independence, but in reality directing every move himself. Lord Cromer's success was ultimately due to the fac http://www.tourismuninet.org/muuttuvamatkailu/art2.html 4/27/2005 Thomas Cook&Son and the Egyptian Director Page 4 of 21 that there was a strong British army to back him up. Also, the role of the police force became quite central in the politics as well as social life of Egypt, too, during the British occupation. In some sense Lord Cromer's arrogant attitude certainly provoked Egyptian dislike of foreign rule. Even if so, Lord Cromer was the effective ruler of the country for 24 years. He wanted to show that the British race was born to rule, and managed excellently to distance Egypt further from the Ottoman rule, which was fairly important. He also believed firmly in the rightness of his mission to save Egyptian society, and apparently, in the gratitude of the "saved" as well. The advent of the Englishman was "hailed with delight by the lawful rulers of Egypt and by the mass of the Egyptian people." (Cromer 1908, 123). From 1882 till 1914 Egypt was nominally still under Ottoman suzerainty but was de facto a British Protectorate. Britain made vague promises about withdrawing as long as her interest in the Suez Canal could be guaranteed. It did not, however, do it, and thus, Egypt, especially the canal, became an integral part of British defence policy in the Mediterranean. Even though the opponents of imperialism began to openly challenge the prime minister in the British Parliament in 1885, Joseph Chamberlain, influential Conservative politician, ended opposition to imperialism after visiting Egypt in 1886. Travel/tourism in Egypt has had a distinct character throughout the long history of the country. In the second half of the nineteenth century, the range of travellers going to Egypt began to expand as steamers and trains significantly reduced the travel time. As lower ranks of society began to fill up the former tourist resorts of the affluent Britons, these people accordingly moved to more distant places. To confirm their position as bona-fide travellers, they flocked to Egypt. Winter was a popular travel . season. A fashionable Egyptian season was from mid-November to early spring. In the first half of the nineteenth century a visit to Egypt had already become something like an extension of the Grand Tour, but in the latter part of the century progress and processes in technology, economy, culture and politics made it possible to develop a new kind of travel. The opening of the Suez canal (1869), the door to the Empire of the East, was a turning-point for tourism. The canal was vitally important to British interests, and travel agents widened their business to include different parts of the far-flung area of the British Empire. In this work Thomas Cook & Son excelled. Their travel bureau had branches in Egypt, and they made the travel arrangements for civilians and soldiers alike. Tourism grew at an ever-increasing rate during the latter half of the nineteenth century. http://www.tourismuninet.org/muuttuvamatkailu/art2.html 4/27/2005 Thomas Cook&Son and the Egyptian Director Page 5 of 21 Both Thomas and John Cook had noteworthy visions for the future tours and many ideas on how to build a profitable business in Egypt. They worked hard to make their dreams come true. In 1870, for example, Thomas Cook was appointed agent for Nile passenger traffic by Khedive Ismail, the viceroy of the Ottoman sultan. Cook's British rival Henry Gaze did not see the future prospects of the river traffic at the time, certainly one of the reasons why Thomas Cook & Son won the battle between the two competing travel agencies in the second half of the nineteenth century. Henry Gaze & Sons travel agency went bankrupt in 1903 (TT 1/1988, 7; Swinglehurst 1974, 174-175). On the cover of Cook's travel-journal, Cook's Excursionist, were pictures of the pyramids and a Nile-steamer to remind the readers of the vast opportunities for travel provided by the Imperial connection. Following the establishment of British rule in 1882, Egypt, the 'Veiled Protectorate', began to be recognized as a more potential winter holiday destination. Especially from the 1880s on, Egypt became a favoured winter-holiday destination for the well- to-do Britons. This was not merely due to the improvements in transportation but also the status of Egypt as a British protectorate (Sandwith 1889, 1-2; Towner 1990, 155; Melman 1995, 12). British presence in Egypt meant for most of the European travellers security, and led to an explosion of travel to Egypt. For travel agencies this great demand for travel services meant naturally increasing opportunities. Cook's Tours on the Nile Most conducted tours to Egypt were organized by Cook's. Alongside with visits to the pyramids and the sphinx (to visit Egypt without seeing the pyramids and the sphinx may be compared to a foreigner coming to England without seeing London), Cook's travel agency also organized luxury cruises down the Nile, a river SO rich in ancient history. By 1873 Cook was operating a regular passenger service between Cairo and Aswan (TTG 1991, 8). Thomas and John Cook had almost a monopoly on the Nile'spassenger traffic. By 1880 the Egyptian Government was SO pleased with their operation that they granted the Cooks an exclusive control over all passenger steamers on the Nile. In return the Cooks undertook to invest large sums of money in rented steamers, owned by Khedive, and to manage the service at their own risk (Pudney 1953, 195). The Blue Nile was soon after known as "Cook's canal". During the season 1880-81 the fares for the Cook's return tour from London to Lower Egypt and the Nile (First Cataract) varied http://www.tourismuninet.org/muuttuvamatkailu/art2.html 4/27/2005 Thomas Cook&Son and the Egyptian Director Page 6 of 21 between 81 and 119 pounds depending on the route, the steamer company and the passenger class. The fare included railway and steamer tickets, a 15-day-hotel coupon for Europe and a 10-day- coupon for Egyptian hotels, landing expenses, expenses for donkeys and guides, baksheesh (tips) and all provisions on the Nile-steamers except drinks (Exc., Nov. 1, 1881, 10). At that time Britain's national product per capita was 27 pounds, and the average annual income of a British male worker was about 60 pounds. The average annual income of a middle class representative was about 160-200 pounds. Nonetheless, the middle class was very heterogeneous: for instance, the annual income in the middle class was over 300 pounds while in the upper middle class it topped 800 pounds (Bédarida 1991, 51-52, 100-103, 152). Even though steamboats and trains had reduced the time of journey to Egypt significantly in the late 1880s, it still took a minimum of six days to reach Egypt from London. Winter sunlight in the Upper Egypt and on the Nile attracted especially the handicapped and other persons who had problems with their health. Cook's opened a hotel particularly for them in Luxor at the commencement of the season 1877-78, and the experiment proved SO successful that the size of the establishment was soon doubled (Exc. Nov. 1, 1881, 10). Also the old Cataract Hotel in Aswan was founded by the Cook's. Thus, Cook's had established a firm foothold in the Upper Egypt's hotel business. In Cairo, where Cook's did not own any hotels, they had made excellent contracts with various hotel proprietors. On Cook's tourist steamers twenty days' voyage up and down the Nile a traveller could see e.g. Memphis, Beni-Hassan, Assiut, Luxor, Esna, Kom Ombo, Abydos and Aswan. Cook's grand and imposing steamers, almost floating hotels, made long halts in Luxor, near the most important archaeological sites (the Valley of Kings) and Aswan, and shorter ones at other places of interest. A passenger ticket in a two-bed cabin cost 50 pounds and in an invalid cabin 60 pounds. These fares, which remained the same for decades, included all expenses: living on the steamer, all necessary travelling expenses, donkeys, English saddles for ladies, the services of the dragoman, guides and backseesh to guides, etc. Wine or other drinks were an exception. This arrangement was made in order to save the traveller much inconvenience and expense (Exc., Nov. 1, 1881, 10; Exc., Nov. 1, 1890, 11-12; Egypt and the Nile Programme 1900-01). To begin with, Cook's had operated on the Nile with hired primitive paddle-steamers. After Cook's transported the Anglo- Egyptian army (18 000 men) on an expedition to rescue general Charles Gordon from Khartoum in 1884-85, their tourist steamers went to such bad repair that Cook's started to build their own fleet of steamers which were furnished luxuriously compared to the steamboats the company had previously used. This rescue http://www.tourismuninet.org/muuttuvamatkailu/art2.html 4/27/2005 Thomas Cook&Son and the Egyptian Director Page 7 of 21 operation was the first time that a private company transported the British army on a warlike expedition. Actually, Gladstone's government had no choice because Cook's had a monopoly in the passenger traffic on the Nile, SO the state had to either give the work to the Cook's or buy the company out (Brendon 1991, 190- 191, 200). From the season 1887-88 onwards Cook's had four first class tourist steamers operating between Cairo and Aswan. During the tourist season Cook's also ran a weekly service between the First Cataract (Philae) and the Second Cataract (Wadi Halfa). The full fare from Aswan to Wadi Halfa by steamer or dahabeah was 30 pounds, but only 21 pounds to all passengers who were booked by Thomas Cook & Son. In the height of the season the tourist steamers were usually fully booked. As the number of the passengers was limited, Cook's advised those "intending to visit the Second Cataract to pay their fare and secure their berths as early as possible" (Exc., March 1, 1887, 3; Exc., 12, 1887, 3; Exc., Nov. 1, 1890, 11-12; Exc., Feb. 1, 1894, 7, 12-13). In addition to first class tourist steamers, Cook's had a fleet of express steamers (mail steamers) and dahabeahs. Dahabeah was an original type of Nile-boat and Cook's had a large selection of modern dahabeahs in various sizes. For a private party and small groups to whom money was no object and who wished to see the Nile amidst the surroundings of the greatest luxury, Cook's dahabeah was an ideal solution. The original dahabeah had only sails but the modern one had a steam engine. For those who were not in a hurry, sailing the Nile in a traditional manner was a choice worth considering (Exc., Oct. 14, 1893, 7; Egypt and the Nile Programme 1900-01). A return trip from Cairo to Aswan by sail took from six weeks to three months depending on the winds. In the beginning of the 1880s Thomas Cook & Son also made arrangements with the Egyptian Railway Administration in order to issue a combined rail and steamer ticket that could be used in their express steamers. This allowed passengers to make part of the journey by rail and part of it by steamer. This service enabled travellers with limited time (or resources) to make the journey from Cairo to Aswan and back in fourteen days for 22 pounds (Exc., Nov. 1, 1881, 10; Exc., March 10, 1883, 16). It was only in 1898 that the whole journey from Cairo to Aswan could be made by rail, when the Cairo-Aswan-railway via Luxor opened to the traffic (Steevens 1898/1909, 214-15). Aswan, the 'Cannes' of Egypt, did not attract tourists for sightseeing, but for its climate and the British sports and the society. In 1890 Thomas Cook & Son could, yet again, announce that the Egyptian Government had entered into a special contract with the http://www.tourismuninet.org/muuttuvamatkailu/art2.html 4/27/2005 Thomas Cook&Son and the Egyptian Director Page 8 of 21 company. The contract gave Cook's mail steamers a monopoly on delivering mail and transporting government officials, both the civil servants and the military, between Assiut and Aswan. This enabled the company to run the route throughout the year. During the tourist season from November to May four new steamers ran this mail route twice a week (Exc., Nov. 1, 1890, 12). This contract was yet another example of the company's good relations with the Imperial decision-makers. Cook's business profited Egypt's economy. Especially in Upper Egypt the tourist traffic meant a significant increase in local income. In 1891 John Cook could remark that "during twenty years my company has conducted passenger traffic on the Nile, from three to four millions Sterling (pounds) has been circulated in Egypt by travellers." (Rae 1891, 281, 284.) The well-equipped and convenient river boats and the luxury hotels on the banks of the Nile attracted both the high society and ordinary people participating in conducted tours. As far as the latter were concerned, Cook's package tours of Egypt attracted customers who differed from the earlier class of tourists who had spent their time in Egypt in the established luxury resorts, such as Shepheard's Hotel, Gezireh Palace, The Turf Club and The Khedieval Club in Cairo and the Mena House near the pyramids. These fashionable hotels and clubs were, in fact, the centre of all social gaiety, where residents and travellers intermingled and revelled in the glory of "the East". The highlights of a privileged individual traveller's and Cook's package tourist's Egyptian journey were, nonetheless, the same: the ancient pyramids and the magnificent Nile. Actually, it seems that many of the visitors went to Egypt to "do" the pyramids and the Nile. Egypt was considered a gift of the Nile, and according to a local phrase he who drinks the waters of the Nile invariably returns to Egypt. Cook's middle class clients took part in conducted tours of Egypt and this 'new' business of travel for pleasure became very profitable to Cook's. In the 1880s and 1890s travelling became more and more commercial (Swinglehurst 1982, 95-101; Brendon 1991, 188-234). In 1894 Cook's Egyptian business was transferred to a company registered as Thos. Cook & Son (Egypt), Limited, but as the management of the company's business remained in Cooks' hands there was not any real change in policy (Exc., Oct. 13, 1894, 6). The nominal capital of Thomas Cook and Son (Egypt), Limited was impressive: £200 000, divided into 20 000 shares of £10 each. John M. Cook had 14 900 shares (BT 31/41546). The very same year almost half of the enterprise's revenue came from the Nile fleet; we may presume that this proportion held true also in the following years. According to Piers Brendon, by the end of the century company's annual net profits had soared up to 82 000 pounds (Brendon 1991, 230). http://www.tourismuninet.org/muuttuvamatkailu/art2.html 4/27/2005 Thomas Cook&Son and the Egyptian Director Page 13 of 21 The Fashionable Season During the winter Europeanized Cairo was exceedingly busy. Cairo, the seductive city of Aladdin, was the playground and the meeting place of the cosmopolitan society as well as the 'new' middle class tourists, who were eager to participate in the Egyptian season (American Traveler's Gazette, Oct. 1903, 5; Felberman 1903, 17-18; Sladen 1908, 501-502, 519; Cecil 1921, 134-148; Caillard 1935, 110-11, 139; Storrs 1937, 91-92). The Britons formed the largest group of visitors. According to the Excursionist some 11 000 travellers visited Cairo during the season 1889-90 (Exc. May 10, 1890, 5), and in the 1890s the number of tourists flocking to Egypt grew bigger than ever before. Cairo had large and hospitable English society. The opportunity to meet cosmopolitan and British society was one of the advantages Egypt possessed as a winter resort. The travellers were generally middle-aged or elderly, already retired people, some of whom had their families with them. Many daughters of the titled families came to conquer the Cairo society. Many of them seriously looking for an appropriate husband at hotel balls, the meeting places of the society, because the winter season in Cairo attracted almost as many suitable unmarried gentlemen as the London season in summer. (Sladen 1908, 425, 501-19; Griffits 1910, 366-68; Horsley 1920, 16-17; Cecil 1921, 134-48; Storrs 1937, 116; Sattin 1988, 16.) The opening of the Egyptian season was thus an important event for societies of the world. As Louis Felberman put it: "At certain intervals the various hotels arrange and interchange soirées dansantes, bals masqués and carnivals. Here on meet the élite of English or American society, and, in fact, the crême of Europe, without having to perform any tiresome social duties either as host or guest. Our popular English officers are to be seen here, there, and everywhere during the evenings in the pretty Windsor Regulation uniform. In fact, it is impossible to imagine a gathering without them. "Then the Societes of the different charitable institutions give balls, and there are lawn tennis tournaments in the gardens, golf at the Pyramids, and Helouan, and races on the capital course on the banks of the Nile, SO that really there is no lack of enjoyment and no need for any other social functions." According to Felberman modern Cairo was fully up-to-date in its social life. Of the clubs, perhaps the most popular with the English visitors was the Ghezireh. During the season Khedive also gave numerous official fêtes and was most lavish in his hospitality. The Khedive was "quite European in his ideas." (Felberman 1903, 17-18.) From the beginning of November the travelling world was eagerly waiting for the opening of the Egyptian season. For example, on November 3 in 1894 The Egyptian Gazette could announce: "another sign that Cairo season will soon be in full swing is http://www.tourismuninet.org/muuttuvamatkailu/art2.html 4/27/2005 Thomas Cook&Son and the Egyptian Director Page 14 of 21 afforded by the fact that the opening of the well-known grill room at Shepheard's Hotel is today announced in our advertising columns." On December 14 Gazette described event taken place in Continental Hotel: "The Cairo dancing season opened on Wednesday evening by the very successful dance given by the Proprietor of the Continental Hotel. "The number of guests was smaller than is usual at the Continental balls held later on in the season. " On December 17 Gazette told about the ball given in Ghezireh Palace Hotel: "Over 500 people attended and among them were noticed " "A sumptuous supper was provided for the guests, and in addition there were plenty of other attractions in the shape of petits chevaux, billiards, cards, etc. for the non dancers. The hotel may be complimented upon the success of its first ball given under the auspices of the new Manager, Mr. "Luigi" Steinschneider." (EG, Nov. 3, 1894, 3; EG, Dec. 14, 1894, 2; EG, Dec. 17, 1894, 2.) Besides the hotels, facilities like English clubs, department stores, shopping districts etc. were set up with rising numbers. Also, some investments were made in the public transportation. By the 20th century there were already four tramways in Cairo and one being built from Giza to the pyramids. In addition to the British Americans flocked to Egypt with rising numbers. As almost everywhere else this caused also some reactions among other nationalities. W. Fraser Rae could claim in 1892 that "Among the tourists of various nationalities who are to be seen in Egypt during the winter months, the most boisterous are those who represent the United States. No one who has made the acquaintance of the better class of Americans can desire plesantier travelling companions, while the society of the others is as objectionable as that of the most offensive British tourist." (Rae 1892, 47.) For many the fact that Egypt had become the playground of Americans was hard to accept. The travellers liked to observe local everyday life and manners from a hotel's balcony or a steamer's deck; what they did not want was getting personally involved with the Egyptians (Curtis 1905, 33; Butler 1909, 34, 55; also Swinglehurst 1974, 164; Swinglehurst 1982, 95; Brendon 1991, 226-28). The natives were under the British rule, a fact of which Britons were quite well aware, and this was reflected in their behaviour. They wanted to see the wonders and glories of the land of Pharaos without even speaking to a native. The mid-Victorian Murray's handbook said it straight: "The Egyptians occupy a much lower grade in the scale of civilisation than most of the western nations. " The prejudiced travellers did not want to communicate with the natives, rather they wanted strict protection from closer contacts with them. The serving policy of the tourism industry was clear: it shielded British visitors as the other European travellers from the locals and from the "real" Egypt. http://www.tourismuninet.org/muuttuvamatkailu/art2.html 4/27/2005 Thomas Cook&Son and the Egyptian Director Page 16 of 21 Hence, the opening of the Egyptian season became an occasion of world wide significance. It became clear that Egypt, especially Cairo and the popular resorts on the banks of the Nile, had the potential to earn large sums of money from tourism. During my research period the Egyptian revival in British intellectual and public circles became a fashion, and exotic Egypt was eagerly described in newspaper articles. Partly due to this fact Egypt had an extraordinary appeal to well-to-do travellers. Egypt was seen as the ideal wintering spot, far superior to all other countries. Many titled visitors wintered regularly in Cairo and on the Nile. An opportunity to mingle with the specific social classes was an attraction in itself because most travellers wanted to keep or gain a place in the society. Certainly one of the noteworthiest reasons, if not the major factor, when deciding to travel to Egypt was the fashionable season in Cairo. Egypt's history, ancient civilization and social life were marketing tools to draw more and more tourists to the country. As the number of travellers grew, SO did the economic importance of tourism for Egypt. Even though the government was not yet ready to invest in it, Thomas Cook & Son and some other enterprises were prepared for that at their own risk. The money the tourists' spend was a lucrative source of income to travel agents, hotel proprietors, shipowners, souvenir vendors, and guides. It seems that during the period covered by my research, the British formed the most substantial group of tourists in Egypt. Also, during that period tourism became one of the leading industries of the undeveloped and rural country. Thomas Cook & Son played a major role in the development of tourism as a serious industry in Egypt. In Egypt the Cooks noticed that there were tremendous possibilities for creating new kind of travel services, as the appeal of Egypt was very high and the labour in the resorts was inexpensively available. By the end of the Victorian era, Cook's had practically revolutionized tourism in Egypt. Especially John Cook did a lot to popularise travelling to Egypt and in promoting Egypt as a tourist destination. He saw in the land of the Pharaos the perfect holiday spot and expanded the business in Egypt far beyond his father's wildest dreams. Tours of Egypt became tourist products and Cook's offered a vast variety of them: from the inexpensive "Popular Tours" to the most exclusive individual tours. Cooks were almost monopolising Egyptian tourism. Before Cook's, travelling in Egypt had been full of difficulties and discomforts. Cook's made travelling simple, secure, fast and comfortable. This convenience was a revolutionary change. Thus, even lonely spinsters, elderly people, and invalids could participate in Cook's package tour without a fear. Cook's had discovered an important and profitable market among them and paid a lot http://www.tourismuninet.org/muuttuvamatkailu/art2.html 4/27/2005 Thomas Cook&Son and the Egyptian Director Page 17 of 21 personal attention to these customers. In the 1880s, and especially in the 1890s, tours increased steadily in popularity and the growth of tourism created undeniably opportunities for economic and social development in Egypt. During the season thousands of Egyptians got their livelihood either directly or indirectly from tourism. Many jobs in tourism were very profitable compared to the other fields in rural Egypt. Indeed, this effective factor had great impacts (positive and negative) on the local economy and social life of Luxor, Aswan, and Cairo. The natives appreciated the economic benefits of tourism, but nonetheless, the majority of the profits went abroad, because the Nile steamers and hotels were owned by foreign companies. Surprisingly Cook's agency, the leading travel agency of the time, got in the 1890s almost half of its annual revenue from its Nile fleet! At least for the Cooks Egyptian tourism was a clear- cut economic success story. We cannot say the same of Egypt as much of the financial benefit leaked out from the country. It is quite difficult to estimate what improvements the promising new industry - tourism - brought to Egyptians' life, but it seems that tourism should have had broader and more interdependent effects than it really had. The dilemma is still of current interest in tourism business: for very poor people low wages are probably better than no wages at all. Almost everything depends on the alternatives. For many locals there was no other choice. At least we may ask what alternatives these low-waged, poorly educated Egyptians did have in the end of the nineteenth century? For many natives there was probably no real escape, because due to the rising tourism the old traditional way of life had gone for ever. In some (critical) sense the tourism robbed local people of their traditional values. The tourism industry created new kind of jobs, but irrevocably, it did also destroy conventional livelihoods. The social status of travelling proved to be significant when trying to solve the background factors and the principal motives of travelling to distant places. In this respect, a journey to Egypt had the best status a trip could offer in the winter season. A trip from Cairo up the Nile to the Upper Egypt's highly appreciated travel resorts, Luxor and Aswan, crowned this status journey. Cook's luxurious steamers dominated the Nile. It seems that life on the grand tourist steamers or on the other pleasure boats was an attraction in itself, certainly one of the most attractive features of the journey to Egypt. TIMEA: Cook's 1897 Map of the Nile Tour Page 1 of 2 Travelers in the Middle East Archive TIMEA Browse Contact Search Advanced Home About Help Search Cook's Nile Itinerary, 1897 This Google Map plots out the Nile routes given in Cook's tourists' handbook for Egypt, the Nile, and the Desert. (London: T. Cook & Son, 1897). For more information about this guidebook, the history of Nile cruises, and the process of creating the Google Map, see The Nile Cruise, 1847 and 1897. Our Google Map of the 1897 Cook's Nile tour plots sites listed under the following sections in the book's table of contents. Note that the color of the font matches the color used on the map for the route. THE NILE JOURNEY TO THE FIRST CATARACT THEBES LUXOR TO ASSOUAN AND PHILAE FROM THE FIRST TO THE SECOND CATARACT The starting point of each itinerary is marked E (for embarkation point), whereas the end of each route is marked D (for debarkation point). You can compare the Google Map below to a detailed MAP OF COOK'S STEAMER AND DAHABEAH SERVICE ON THE NILE that appeared in the 1897 Cook's guidebook. This map traces the route from Alexandria to Cairo, then along the Nile to the first and second cataracts. Al Iskandanyah Gaza Strip Hebron Cairo (Al Qahira), E Mansura Bur Said Jordan Bedreshayn (AI Badrashayn) o Damanhur Israel Helouan (Helwan) Tanta Benisoóef (Bani Suwayf) Bibbeh (Bibä) Zag Semaloot (Samälüt) As Suways Beni-Hassan (Beni Hasan) AI Qapirah Tel-el-Amarna (Tall al Elat Amarinah) Fai Gebel-Aboufaydah (Jabal Abü Füdah) Suef Manfaloot (Manfalüt) Assiout (Asyüt) Tabuk Abydos MI Denderah (Dandara), D ::Thebes, E Luxor (Al) Karnak, D ::Luxor, E Edfou ( Idfü) Hagar Silsileh ( Jabal as Sph Silsilah, Mahattat) Egypt 1 Kom-Omboo (Kawm Umbú) Assouan (Aswän) Philae, D ALL Philae, E Mahatta (Naj' al Mahattah) El Bab (Kaläbishah) Aboo Simbel (Abû Simbel) Wady-Halfa (Wädi Halfä'), D Farsh QAI Jeddah Bahrah Map data ©2009 Mapa GISrael, LeadDog Consulting, AND, Europa Technologies Terms of Use TIMEA is supported by the Institute of Museum and Library Services, CITI, and Rice University. http://timea.rice.edu/NileCook1897.html 5/14/2009 Page 1 of 1 Manzaleh ALEXANDRIA Marent Menauch Bay Mananech Mansocra Beend Semehood Tinehe Abit Roomanch ellank Boomnali Kantara RBer Haman Warta Satihich Ghuny Birtent Kallah BAHAYRA OR R R Yagazig EGGY P 'T' Esmallta Shibera Freehwater Tunsate WadlyNation Natron Teranch Helbays Bewa "takes Dayn Baramoos Coavt Wendar Kalyoob Gosten Bitter Lank Erinabah Genette W.Moghard.e eg Roold Littanin Multalaz Gizeh& CATRO FlAdgerood Wads Pyramids fosturt Tendal Snez Togra Memphis R3 Port Ibrahi Moosa Actournin Biro Betrachins Eithin Odheil, Tusab Dasheer Studi Deb. Dinter Thaleb Bir Kamas Birket Kevan Kona Jamieh Rigga) Alfeely Ain.Hawardh BEST Kerum Saool H Medinebel Fayoom Wdota F A. Boosh Mar-Arton J.Kalalla Jeb.Hayan Benasobef Asuma BENISOOEF Gubatar Awara Royan Batch DayrByad, EldAraide wads Anthony Hada Hit W.Smitor Fratern lettavr KabrJamucj Conve of Paid Malatarily EL Haybee Behnema Plain Sharona J.Kolzoom Arnauti nhoor Aboo Girger Mgitta Menasep Medina AhderRasile Ras Ghareli Samaload Shekh Hawsau Rit J.Mesawaki M I J.S.,Tayr Tanch Minich, Minyal Sobadee Tarfen Jabel Ghareb Telatial H E P Oct orM. A N M I S Agrib EL Abid ID Beni Wady ShekhAbadely Byadeh J.Kiawleh Mellawee DarootShereet Tel el Anutrnit Kassien CEL Kossayr JeB Rufra Jara Mandaloota Maabdeh BeniAdi Mankabat EL Wasta J.Dukhan A S SIOOT (Assiout EL Motmar Abooteed Deir Gow a Guarbeet o Bow Meshtel Anteopolist J.Mandara Taltic Shekh Hereedee Mansora G I R Iffood Suega Soohag Lahaiwa Mensheel J.Suam Girgeho BuelAgols Kasr el-8ayd S Marron Ballianah Kenen Samlood Farshooting Harnada http://timea.rice.edu/images/Cook1897NileTour.jpg 5/14/2009 TIMEA: Egypt, handbook for travellers: part second, upper Egypt, with Nubia as far as th Page 1 of 2 Travelers in the Middle East Archive TIMEA Home Browse About Contact Help Search Advanced Search Egypt, handbook for travellers: part second, upper Egypt, with Nubia as far as the second cataract and the western loases [Electronic Version] Files in this item Full book in HTML, with images (preferred reading version) XML version of TEI-encoded text (for download and analysis) About this item Title: Egypt, handbook for travellers: part second, upper Egypt, with Nubia as far as the second cataract and the western loases [Electronic Version] Author: Baedeker, Karl Summary: URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1911/19580 Date: 1892 Original book: Baedeker, Karl. "Egypt, handbook for travellers: part second, upper Egypt, Original with Nubia as far as the second cataract and the western loases." (Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, Source 1892). xxxviii, 365 p. : ill., maps (some folded, some col.), plans (some folded) ; 16 cm. From the collection of Dr. Paula Sanders, Rice University. Subject Egypt--Guidebooks Related Resource Learn about the publication history of this work and find a list of other editions About This This text is part of the Travelers in the Middle East Archive (TIMEA, Resource: http://timea.rice.edu), funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) and the Computer and Information Technology Institute (CITI), Rice University. Citation Baedeker, Karl Egypt, handbook for travellers: part second, upper Egypt, with Nubia as far as the second cataract and the western loases [Electronic Version] (1892). From Travelers in the Middle East Archive (TIMEA). http://hdl.handle.net/1911/19580 For more on properly formatting citations, see Citing TIMEA Resources. http://scholarship.rice.edu/handle/1911/19580 5/14/2009 TIMEA: Egypt, handbook for travellers: part second, upper Egypt, with Nubia as far as th Page 2 of 2 This item appears in the following Collection(s) TIMEA Texts TIMEA provides access to travel narratives, travel guides, museum catalogs, and other texts related to travel to the Middle East. Show full item record Rice Scholarship Archive Navigation Browse Entire Archive Communities & Collections By Issue Date Authors Titles Subjects This Collection By Issue Date Authors Titles Subjects My Account Login Register TIMEA is supported by the Institute of Museum and Library Services, CITI, and Rice University. SOME RIGHTS RESERVED This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License . http://scholarship.rice.edu/handle/1911/19580 5/14/2009 Egypt, handbook for travellers : part second, upper Egypt, with Nubia as far as the second Page 1 of 77 View Metadata [Cataloging Info] Egypt, handbook for travellers : part second, upper Egypt, with Nubia as far as the second cataract and the western loases [Electronic Edition] Contents PREFACE. CONTENTS. Maps. INTRODUCTION. I. Steamer Routes between Europe and Egypt. II. Monetary System. III. The Nile Journey. A. THE STEAMBOAT VOYAGE. DAILY ITINERARY OF COOK'S THREE-WEEKS STEAMERS. b. The Dhahabiyeh Voyage. IV. Works on Egypt. HISTORICAL, DESCRIPTIVE, AND SCIENTIFIC WORKS. TRAVELS IN EGYPT. V. Chronological List of Rulers of Egypt to the end of the Ptolemaic period. VI. Frequently recurring Names of Egyptian Kings. VII. The Arabic Alphabet. 1. From Cairo to Assiût. a. By Railway. b. By the Nile. 2. The Fayûm. 3. From Assiût to Beliâneh. 4. Abydos. The Memnonium of Seti I. INTERIOR OF THE TEMPLE. 1. The Hypostyle Halls and the Sevenfold Sanctuary. 5. From Beliâneh to Keneh (Denderah). 6. Routes through the Eastern Desert. 7. Denderah. Temple of Hathor at Denderah. 8. From Keneh to Thebes (Luxor). 9. Thebes. o A. THE EAST BANK AT THEBES. 10. The Temple of Luxor. 11. Karnak. o I. The Great Temple of Ammon. a. General View. The First Main Pylon. b. The Great Peristyle Court and its Additions. LATER ADDITIONS IN THE PERISTYLE COURT. C. The Great Hypostyle Hall. d. The North Exterior Wall of the Hypostyle. http://scholarship.rice.edu/jsp/xml/1911/19580/4/BaeEgUE.tei-timea.html 5/14/2009 Egypt, handbook for travellers : part second, upper Egypt, with Nubia as far as the second Page 2 of 77 e. The older E. part of the Temple of Ammon. 1. From the Hypostyle Hall to the Sanctuary. 2. Large Building of Tutmes III. f. The S. Side of the Temple of Ammon. II. The Northern Buildings. III. The Southern Buildings. IV. The Temple of Khunsu. V. The Small Temple of Apet. B. THE WEST BANK AT THEBES. 12. The Colossi of Memnon. 13 The Ramesseum. 14. The Tombs of Kurnet-Murrai. 15. Medînet Habu. a. Pavilion of Ramses III. b. Large Temple of Ramses III. C. The Small Temple of Medinet Habu. 16. Tombs of the Queens. 17. Dêr el-Medineh. 18. The Tombs of Shêkh 'Abd el-Kurnah. 19. The Mortuary Temple of Seti I. at Kurnah. 20. Bîbân el-Mulük. Tombs of the Kings. a. West Valley of the Tombs of the Kings. b. East Valley of the Tombs of the Kings. 21. From Bîbân el-Mulük to el-Asasîf and Dêr el-bahri. o The Terrace-Temple of Dêr el-bahri. 22. From Thebes to Edfu. 23. Edfu. 24. From Edfu to Gebel Silsileh. 25. From Gebel Silsileh to Kôm Ombo. 26. From Kôm Ombo to Assuân. 27. The Island of Elephantine. 28. From Assuân to Philae. a. Passage of the First Cataract. b. From Assuân to Philae by land. 1. THE PTOLEMAIC TEMPLE 2. THE ARAB CEMETERIES. 3. THE QUARRIES (Arabic Ma'adin). 4. THE ANCIENT ROAD AND THE BRICK WALL. C. Route partly through the Desert, partly beside the Cataract. 29. The Island of Philae. The Temple of Isis. The Kiosque. The Cataract Islands. LOWER NUBIA from Philae to Wâdi Halfah. 30. From Philae to Kalabsheh. 31. From Kalabsheh to Dakkeh. 32. From Dakkeh to Abu-Simbel. Comp. the Map, p. 304. 35. The Rock-Temples of Abu-Simbel. 34. From Abu-Simbel to the Second Cataract. 35. The Western Oases. I. Oasis of Jupiter Ammon, now Sîwah. II. The Oases of Bahriyeh and Farâfrah. http://scholarship.rice.edu/jsp/xml/1911/19580/4/BaeEgUE.tei-timea.html 5/14/2009 O APPENDIX Games TO boaley's Afr3978142.3 "THE AMERICAN IN EGYPT." Cooley's praise demands my song! Cooley brave, and Cooley long. Appleton's pride; Book-selling gem; Chatham Street-hawker, of East-ern stem He nor heaps his brooded sores, But on all profusely pours. Lord of wit and limner's art: Liberal hand, and grateful heart." EGYPTIAN LYRICS. AON Googe Robins Gliddon. See Infra, Page 3, and "Cooley"-Plate 32-Page 218. JEWELRYJ THE BEQUEST OF AUCTION CHARLES PICKERING, M.D., CHATHAMS OF BOSTON, MASS. (Class of 1823.) "TRICKS OF TRADE." Received Nov. 18th, CONTENTS. 1879. REVIEW-REFUTATION-EPIsTLE GRATIS. PHILADEL P H I A: MERRIHEW & THOMPSON, PRINTERS, No. 7 CARTER'S ALLEY. 1842. HE MUSIC. Boston Daily Globe; Jul 24, 1892; ProQuest Historical Newspapers Boston Globe (1872 - 1901) pg. 26 JYED THE MUSIC. ar Harbor at Last Becom- ing Gay. Sensation of the Week Was the Visit of the Bold Barglars. Editor Shepard Had to Go Hunting for Some Passports. BAB HARBOR, Mo., July 23, 1892, HE second open air concort came off on Wednesday, and was oven more successful and better attended than that of last week. Nearly all the cot. tagers were present, and many of the hotels were repro- sented by A goodly showing of fashiona- blo folk, who took this opportunity to exchange greetings with friends. Many drove down on the beautiful New port drives, and the line of stylish turnouts added to the effec- tiveness of the scene Mrs. Barney, in A beautiful black and turquoise blue carriage gown, received as much attention as usual. The handsome Gurnee turnout with Miss Gurnee and a party of friends the Kemp carriage, with its Bilvor mountings Mr. Fredorio Fotterall's dainty T-cart and the abiquitous buckboard and its merry party, made an attractive array. Pretty Mrs. Randolph was the object of much admiration In her handsome black costumo and feather bon. though by some she is not considered so handsome as her sister, Mrs. Wright. Both are women who would be singled out in a crowd. Mr. and Mrs. Ira D. Sankey, who are stay. Ing at the Newport, were amonr the listen- ers, and it was proposed that 'Pull for the Shore" be played by the band, out of com- pliment to the gospel-tune singer. Mrs. Eugene Halo has been entertaining a party of young people at her boautiful home in Ellsworth this week. The Misses Barney have been Among the guests. The Village Improvement Association met with Mrs. Gorard Tuesday morning to make arrangements for Its annual entertainment. No definite programme was decided upon, the society Indies have taken her ap with phia, Mr and Mrs Ira D Bankey, Mr and Mrs W but something in the nature of tableaux an enthusiasm that promises that hor talks B Bankey, Brooklyn. will be xivon early in August. how to be beautiful and graceful will be the Porcupine-Mr and Mins Charles Clark, EA F Mrs. George Place is entertaining Bishop raire here. Wednesday morning she met Bose, Edward B Howe, George W Libbey Roston Lyman of North Carolina and Rov. W. about 26 of the leading society women in Mr and Mrs J Forbes Beale SM M Grims, Washing 8. Rainslorth of St. Georgo's church, New Mrs. Vail's pleasant DARLOT at the St. toni C Chase W Markoe. Qeorge D Richard, all York, is the guest of Mrs. F R. Jones. Later Sauveuro, and they all came away talking and Mrs P B Parkhurst, New York. ho will visit Mrs. Robert Minturn, on West of grace and beauty. Among the Indies 81 Faureur-Bits Alice o Banchor, Boston Mrs Edmund Russell Alunroe, Mrs MA Smith, Miss At. Tomorrow Dr. Rainsforth will preach present were Mrs. R Jones, Mrs. J. W. M W Smith Mr Prentice W a Rates, biles M at St. Saviour's Gerard, Mrs. W L. Douglas, Mrs. James Bates, New York Mrs Arthurs Missos Arthurs, Mr. J. Coleman Drayton has rented the Brown Lord of Tuxodo, who is visiting Mrs. Toronto, Ont: Mrs M Biddle J.O Biddle, George Marcees cottage on Mt. Desert at., and has Douglas. Miss Godwin. The Turkish minis. W Burton, Mrs A 0 Price, Miss Ludekins, Phila brought his four children here. Mr. Dray. ter and other gentlomen wore also among delphin; E 8 Winslow, Cleveland, 01 o Saude, ton's stepmother, Mrs. Henry Drayton, has those present, as it was Mrs. Vall's regular Chicago Sirs Rosalie M Bradford, Miss Bradford, long been a summer resident of Bar Harbor, reception day. and they seemed almost as 311es K Y R Berry, Washington Albert II Weld, Baltimore. and Mrs. J. Madison Taylor, who has a cot. much interested in the possibility of staying West End-Ramnel B Read, David F Crowell, take here, is his half-sister. the hand of thing and to keep the face and Boston Mrs. William E. Plummer, Auburndale The Kebo Valley nine have organized, figure youthful as the ladies thomselves. H o Fairfield, Chelsea Mr and Mrs Stephen Hol. And this afternoon they played the Sor- Among the dinners of the week none was man, Worcealer: Mr and Mrs Edward l' Vilas, rentos nt Kobo Valley. The races at Kebo more thoroughly enjoyed than tboonegivon Charles A Vilas, Milwankee Dr di Vilas, Chica are being arranged for, and a gay six weeks Thursday night by Mr. James T. Woodward gol Dr T o Brinton, Mr and Mrs Richard Date, Ed. are in prospect. At Devilstone, Mr. Wood ward is a riob ward Dale, Min and Mrs II B Spins, Philadelphia A E Masgrave, James W Finley, James W Finley, The Marquis Imperiali is again a conspion. bachelor of New York, the president of the Jr., New York: Charles Dickerman, Miss Dicker ous figure on the street with his slight Hanover bank. and If there is one thing he man, New Haven BLOOD and his monocle. This year he wears knows how to do above another it la how to HELEN M. SMITH, An Immense white soft folt hat. His man. give dinners The dinner on Thursday was uor is even more no exception to the rule Next Thursday Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Drapor POLAND SPRING, Mm Frenchy Than the French, of Now York will give a private dinner at but he is much sought after for dinners and Kela Mrs. Draper is a sister of Mr. Charles Gayly Dressed Ladies Been at the Last dances. How of Boston, who is associated with Bar Hon. Mine Plammer gave A reading at the Harbor's early history as a summer resort. home of Mrs. A. Bleecker Banks on Tuesday. Few inon own more real estate In this POLAND SPRING, Me., July 23,-Base ball vicinity than Mr. How He has left his About 30 ladios were present and were pleasant apartments at the Belmont, where games, whist and euohre partics, concorts much interested. One of her best solec he has spent eight months of the 12 for and theatricals are being arranged by the tions, which was well rendered, was "A nowly appointed entertainment committee Story of Poppyland. Much enthuslasm is manifested over the Mrs. Longstreth gave a very enjoyable baso ball team, which easily defeated the whist party on Wednesday evening. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. uay at nor pretty new nome on Eden st Mr. William Berri of the Brooklyn Stand. which she calls Colonial Hall. Mrs. King's cottage was broken into the night before. ard Union Is here for the season. The burglars could find nothing to take Slater will pass Bome elegant costumes were seen at the away. but they drank the wine and ate the the remainder of the season at Northeast last full dress hop. Miss May Rogers of cake she had prepared for the luncheon. Harbor, on the southern side of the Island. New York wore a light pearl silk skirt, with Mrs. Noble, wife of the secretary of the In- terior, has been at the Louisburg this week. The Pulitzers are expected daily to take oblifon Mrs. Stinson of Philadelphia, white Her Bistor, Miss Halstead. was with her, possession of MizzentoD, Mrs. Hunt's out silk and diamonda; Miss Nettle Rloker, blue Mrs. Noble has returned to Washington and tage here oliina ailk, trimmed with Irish point lace: Miss Halstoad has gone to Rye beach Mr. and Mrs. William F. Wold of Brook- Miss Warner of Troy, pink china Missos Daisy and Evolyn Scott, the charm. silk Mrs. Whipple of Boston. pearl gray ing granddaughitors of Mr. and Mrs. W. 8. line are enjoying a oruise on their fine silk with diamonds Mrs. Lippincott of Gurnee, entertained a party of their young yacht Gitana, amons the Islands on the Philadelphia, blue ohina silk, with friends yeaterday by a sail on the Gurnee beautiful Maine ooast, which is 80 rich in pearls: Miss Ross of Now York, white steam launch Mirabol and a lunch on the scenio lovellness They have as their grapel Miss Emilie Ross, pink orape; lawn at Beau Desert. guests Mrs. Linzee of Boston, who Mrs. Hoagland, yollow orape, trimmed with These lawn parties are the favorite form Joined them as Bar Harbor. Miss Linzoo is black chiffon and diamond ornaments; Mrs. of entertainment for the younger people. loft In charge of the Yellow House in the P. Rioker. Paris gown of per-green silk Mrs. Burton Harrison gave one this week Field, which has been the summer homo of with black lace overdress and diamonds, for her niece, Miss Hotty Cary. Among the the Lluzees for years. Miss Badie Rioker, lavender ohina silk with guests were Misa Shopard. Misses Scott, No Invitation is accepted with more do- lace corsage Miss Cottingham of Marietta Miss Virginia Coles, Miss Molite Coles, Mr. light than one to sall with George Vander- pink ohina silk. puff sleeves: Miss Marsh of James W. Gerard K. Gerard, Mr. bill on his steam launch Those who are Springfield, Mass., blue challie trimmod Robert Pottor, Mr. Wallack Potter, Mr. 'frightened to death to go over to the with nun's voiling Mrs. Ottan, green Austin Potter and the three Harrison boya. Canoe Club receptions. an eighth of a mile, brocaded silk Mrs. Osgood of Boston, blue They played lawn tennis and had tea on the Creedmoor, and Insist upon one of and black silk. The excitement of the week among both the Maine Central boats being chartered, to A progressive enohro party under the di. residents and visitors has been the burg. the inconvenience of hundreds of regular rection of Mr. Howard Richardson was laries. travellers. will jump at the chance of sail. given in Musio Hall, Friday evening. Tuesday morning when the post office ing Around the island from Northeast bar. Mr. Everett Huggins of New York is the clork came down to mako up the morning bor in the Lucile, which is not half the size best billiard player in the hotel nt present mail at 4.80 m. he round the offico In of the Creedmoor. It would be a distino but when Mr. Frank Bartlett of Mal great confusion. The safo was moved from tion to drown in the company of Mr. Van. don arrives soine choice matchos between its accustomed placo and derbilt, the two are looked for Mr George Mat Mr. Vanderbilt entertained A party of his thews of Cincinnati, Rev. Mr. Egbert of Wrapped with Wet Blankets friends this week by n four-In-hand book Marblehead and Mr. Lucius E. Ryerson of which had been stolen from Asn Hodgkins' board drive to Northeast Harbor. The Boston Highlands are also fine players. store, and tools were scattered about Some Lucile met them there and they came back The oroquet champions: Mossrs. Samuel barrels of coal and other debris had been by water Ivers of New Bedford and Henry Turnor of Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Dorr and their Charlestown. moved from the back entry to make a clear son, Mr. George Dorr. of Commonwonlth The recent arrivals: passage for a hasty oxit. n hat had been AV. have returned from their year of travel Poland Springs House-Mr and Mrs Jonl Gold. hung over the key.hole of the side door, a in the far East and through the countries thwaite, Mr and Mrs Jacob Bates, Burton Field hole drilled in the door of the safe, and a of Europe, and are settled At their pleasant HALL Mr and Mrs Sargent Mr and Mrs d charge of powder inserted and fired. Bar Harbor home, 011 Farm. This is one Dizer, " R Clark. Jr. Mr and Mrs 0 II Watson, of the finest estates on the island and is ex. Frederick Estabrook A Wyman Fred Pope, It blow off the inside of the door and cellently kept up. The Dorra employ Stearns, George Sheldon, Simmons sprung the bolts, but not enough to open Mr and Mrs White, George Coppins, the sate. gardenor all the year around. who gives his sey. Herbert H Barnes, Mr and Mrs If Coolidge, The burglar evidently became frightened whole time to the place whether the family John 0 Hale, Langley, all of Boston Rev John Is here or not. He lives with his family In Egbert Marblehead Mass. and tled. o o Corbin The following he visited Mr. George a small but tasteful house at the entranco Webster. Mass Mr and Mrs A R Mitchell Vanderbilt's place, effecting an entrance of the grounds Newton, Mass: William H Anderson, Lowell, Blass Mrs. Lovi Morton has taken a cottage Isaac W Our, Hingbain, Mass H Bicknell East through Mrs. Vanderbilt's sleeping room on the second floor by cutting a pane of here for August and will return with her Weymonth, Massi Mr and Mrs D W Field, Brook. toni and Mrs. George H Enton, If Eaton, La glass. Finding he had not nwakened Mrs, daughters rence A Glibert Miss Florence A Gilbert, Brook. Vanderbilt, he ransacked her burenu and Miss Shopard, the only daughter of the line) President H H Capen, Tufts College. Medford helped himself to a sum of money and some Shepard house who is in society. is receive Hazen Miss Cushman Cambridge George of hor Jowelry. Ing a grent amount of attention She has H Bowker, Holyokei 00 Pike. o R Pike, Mr and He then went to the dining-room. where been the honored guest at many pleasant Mrs Prentiss Loring, and Mrs George a Shaw little dinners and lunches. Several small George Gould, Portland, Me: Mr and he took all the silverware, which Mr. Van. D entertainments have been given by her at Mrs Waite, 18 Barlow Samuel derbilt saya was only plated. ay they bring York If Mossloy Hall. but they have been of a very Connor, Arthur Staples, no solid silvor to Bar Harbor. Brick. Stephen Lee, D E Parlin, Pickering, A man was arrested who has been seen quiet nature. Mrand Birs Paine Col B Nealey, Lewiston hanging about the Vanderbilt place and has Tuesday morning the Gurnees and Shep- Me, Ara Onshman, and Miss Charles Cash tried to borrow or beg monoy from Mr. ards, who are excellent friends, drove up man, Farriugton A Abbott, Auburn, Me on Green mountain and returned to Kebo Mrs B Davis Hartford, Conn Charles F Wood George Vanderbilt, but nothing but drunk valley for lunch, None of the party had Bridgeport. Conn Mrs Obaries T Parry and enness was proven against hun at the hear- their passports with them. the gatekeeper Mrs and Mrs Often, Byrne, ing, and he was sent up for 30 days. new. and it was the story of Mra Prest and Mrs Walter J MoIndol, Frank Durine, Many of the cottagers are very much D Bawyer, Frederick Perbody dent of this road repeated. The Allas frightened And Mr. Morris Jessup has hired Alice Larkin, John A White, fact that Mrs Elliott Shepard was in the Roott, a special watchman. Joline, Appleton Sturgis, Mrand Mrs Allen Mrs. Harrison Kave a lunch on Sunday at party had no effect, He had had orders not Bradbury, Cyrus Lawrence, Bolster, Sea Urchins for Mr. and Mrs. Tronon L. to admit any one who did not show badge. Lowell, William W Billson, Mrs E M Brown, Miss Parks of the splendid steam yacht Sultan, s renowed search at length brought one to Brown. Mr and New York Miss light, and the party drove in Agnes Temple, Albany Mr and William Berri, which has been in the harbor during the past week. Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Barney and Mr. Norman 8. Dike of Brooklyn has Spencer, Mr and Mrs o Gilbert and been a guest of the Shepards this week. Mrs David Thornton, Miss M Thornton, Brooklyn others have entortained the fortunate owner and his charming wife on shore and Mr. Mr. and Mrs. Camden C. Dike are at Son Charles W Trotter, Mr and Mrs Ziegler, Miss Ziegler, Miss OF Ziegler Mrs M L Taylor, Miss Parks has returned the courtesy by pretty rento. Taylor Regila, Miss Requa, W ittlelunches and one very swell and stately Lindail's band gave a concert at Hotel Mr ndd Mrs Nichols, Miss Nichols Mt and dinner on board, Sorrento Wednesday evening and there Whitney Mrs K Stevens Philadelphia The visit of the Eastern Yacht Club was was informal dancing in the dining hall Isaso o Lombard, Mr and Mrs o H Remick, Cbt short. The boys only took in one of the Among the protty cago MI and Mrs George II Taylor, Denver Miss Taimage, 31rs Eye, Plainsfield, Kebo dances, but that dance stands out Young Ladies Present Tayel, Charleston, 01 Florence o Hand, Montclair, from those which preceded It like an oasis desert. In the morning the mails were were Miss Dike Misses Binclain Miss WII. hoisted and the boats filted away like a bur, Mrs. Ingersoll. Miss Cochran and Miss happy dream. Cora Wiley, who 19 the guest of Miss Annie The next looked for arrival by sea Is the Beawanhaka Yacht Club, which IR expected Edmunds of Charlestown at Spracelawn daily. and then the ships. The date now 18 Mrs. W. II. Lawrence gave a pretty birth announced for July 27. next Wednesday, day party for her dainty little 5-year-old but It is hardly safe to make engagement daughter, Belle, on Wednesday afternoon at that denends on their for that day. for the Borrento. About 30 of the awell little lads White Squadron is the most uncertain fiest and lasses who are summering there were that sails the ocean blue. present. A tempting lunch was served, and Atennis tournamentat Kebo valley is an. the afternoon ended with a buckboard drive nounced for Aug. 8. This fact has added which left the children at their homes torest to the lawn tennis club, which met Miss Belle received some very pretty gifts, yesterday morning on the lawn at Reef and was as happy as a child could well be Point. Mrs. R. Jones' place. The club Rev. William S. Langlord of New York is meets twice each week, either with Miss the guest of Mrs. W. Cochran at Borrento, Jones or with Miss Coles at Aldersen and preached one of his fine sermons at the Both these young ladies are exceptionally chapel which was Mrs. Cochran's gift to good players. and if they decide to enter the Sorrento, on Sunday. tournament will win laurels for themselver. Mrs. G. A. Priest and Mr. F. K. Priest of The managers of the tournament are Mr. A. Boston are at Hotel Sorrenta C. Barnoy. Mr. A. S. Cushman and Mr. Jesse Mr. T. B. A. Price, the young Boston Nallo. Under the management of three broker, who is at Sorrento with his charm. auch Enetgetlo Leaders. Ing family. gave n driving party to Bullivan it cannot fall of success. harbor Tuesday, with a lunch at Manor Inn. the most sightly hotel on the coast. The programme will be men's singles, Belmont-Di Charles M Keep, Wellman, Mrs mon's doubles: ladles' singles, Indica' Loring. Boston; Mrs Hamliton Fish, Bliss Julia doubles. Coming as It does just before the Fish, Miss Rosalind Fish, Mrs William Rogers, Miss Mossley Hall tournament there will proba- Cornella Rogers, Master W B Rogers, Hamilton H Durand, Herbe Noble, Miss Ingersoll New York bly be great Interest felt, and many craok and Mrs R Massey, Philadelphia, x LeOnall players will be on hand. Washington. Mavroyen! Boy had no sooner arrived Lynam's-310 Edmonds, Miss Larkin, Miss than he planued some pleasant outings. Larkin, Boston Mrs M Edwards New York his That is what makes the Turkish minister Remington, Miss Hollingshead, Philadelphia so popuinr. He is alwaysthinking of others Marlborough-Orland Snell Boston Miss Lilly Snell, A Baralton Mrs Anthon, Miss Anthon, enjoyment, and that means his own enjoy Crabbe, New York Rear Admiral and Mrs ment also. Wednesday afternoon he gave Upshur, Washington Misa Morris Miss Brill, Rev salling party. Miss Lulu Morris, the Bal- and Mrs Sidney Corbett, Miss R if Waldo, Phila timore beauty. who has returned to Bar delphia. Harbor again after a season at Narrazansett 3/AIVERN-Mr and Mrs John Felt Olgood, Miss Pier. was in the party. Miss Morris Is ex- Osgrod, Boston Mr and Mrs A Gaskell, Wor ceedingly fond of the water Slie and her cester Mr and Mrs Edward Sampson, Philip B Sampson Calos Gill Ganvendla, If Harriman, 318 Intima' companions, Miss Marie Scott and and Mrs Borden Harriman. Miss Angela Tilghman, areall expert canoe. ists and always paddle over to the Island on the reception days of the Canoe Club. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Mrs Edward Tiffany Dyen. New York: Taylor Dick at BIFS Newport ramund last Russell, season, who with was her the lectures oraze son, Mr and Mrs George W Guthric, Philadelphia John A Carson, Washington. on delaartism. has come to Bar Harbor. and Newport House-Mine o A Pope Miss Hawes Miss LM Whittredge, Dr and Mrs E E Tucker, Boa ton Miss Snow, Miss Georgiana Snow, Andover Austin B Horn, Miss Horn, H M Hunter Philadel. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPENDIX II: American Travellers to Egypt (1832-42) Page 1 of 4 APPENDIX II: American Travellers to Egypt (1832-42) As recorded in the United States Consular Register reprinted in George Robbin Gliddon's "Appendix", to the American in Egypt, pp.28-30. 1832 The Family of the late, Dr. Kirkland, Boston Col. M.J. Cohen, Baltimore Rev. Eli Smith, Boston, 1832-7-8 1833 John W. Hammersley, Esq., New York J.L. Stackpole, Esq., Boston Ralph J. Izard, Esq., S. Carolina 1834 The Family of the late Commodore D. Patterson, U.S.N. William B. Hodgson, Esq., Virginia The Family of the late John A. Lowell, jr., Esp., of Boston, who travelled in Egypt in 1834 and 1835 1836 John L. Stephens, Esq., New York James Augustus Dorr, Esq., Boston R.K. Haight, Esq., New York Richard Randolph, Esq., Philadelphia Horatio Allen, Esq., New York http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/1017/nnap2.htm 3/5/2004 APPENDIX I: List of Americans Travelling to Egypt, 1789-1915 Page 1 of 23 APPENDIX I: List of Americans Travelling to Egypt, 1789-1915 Extracted from Nile Notes of a Howadji (Kalfatovic, 1992) except were noted. * Gliddon (see Appendix II) ** See Supplemental Bibliography 1789 John Ledyard 1820 George Bethune English 1822 George Robins Gliddon George Rapelji 1832 * Col. M.J. Cohen * The Family of the late, Dr. Kirkland Rev. Eli Smith 1833 John W. Hammersley * Ralph J. Izard J.L. Stackpole 183. 1834 http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/1017/nnap1.htm 3/5/2004 APPENDIX I: List of Americans Travelling to Egypt, 1789-1915 Page 7 of 23 1855 Samuel Wheelock Fiske William Cowper Prime 1856 Warren Isham Herman Melville George Francis Train 1857 Benjamin Bausman George Leighton Ditson 1859 William Mason Turner Aaron Ward 1860 William Hoffman is Gulian Lansing 1861 David Austin Randall 1863 Edward Lord Clark 1864 http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/1017/nnap1.htm 3/5/2004 APPENDIX I: List of Americans Travelling to Egypt, 1789-1915 Page 8 of 23 Harriet Trowbridge Allen 1865 Elizabeth Rundle Charles 1866 Samuel Langhorne Clemens Charles Carleton Coffin Harry Harewood Leech Sylvanus Dryden Phelps William Wilkins Warren 1867 Emily (Allen) Severance Alvan S. Southworth Eugene Vetromile 1868 Henry Whitney Bellows Clara (Erskine) Clement Waters 1869 Edwin De Leon William McEntyre Dye Henry Martyn Harman William Wing Loring http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/1017/nnap1.htm 3/5/2004 APPENDIX I: List of Americans Travelling to Egypt, 1789-1915 Page 9 of 23 1870 &V Emerson Andrews Charles ChaillJ-Long Louise M. (Roope) Griswold ** Frederick W. Holland Edward Dorr Griffin Prime 1871 James Brooks Olive Risley Seward 11/ J.J. Smith 1872 Thomas Applegate Ralph Waldo Emerson Jacob R. Freese 1873 Samuel Colcord Bartlett Orville Justus Bliss Augustus Warren Edward Augustus Hoppin Thomas W. Knox James Martin Peebles http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/1017/nnap1.htm 3/5/2004 APPENDIX I: List of Americans Travelling to Egypt, 1789-1915 Page 10 of 23 George Albert Smith John Vanderslice Henry White Warren 1874 Thomas Gold Appleton William Perry Fogg Henry Bascom Ridgaway Bayard Taylor Charles Dudley Warner 1875 Mary E. (Galloway) Giffen Sarah Furnas Wells 1876 Mrs. L.L. Adams Benjamin Robbins Curtis Harriet Elizabeth (Tucker) Francis Mrs. L.C. Lane Charles Warner Stoddard Ellen Hardin Walworth G.E. Winants 1877 http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/1017/nnap1.htm 3/5/2004 APPENDIX I: List of Americans Travelling to Egypt, 1789-1915 Page 11 of 23 Eugene Russell Hendrix Enoch Mather Marvin 1878 Elbert Eli Farman Jesse Root Grant Ulysses S. Grant James Dabney McCabe Joseph Moore, Jr. John Russell Young 1879 Andrew Carnegie Henry H. Gorringe Sullivan Holman M'Collester 1880 Lucy S. Bainbridge William Potter Davis John A.J. Kending George B. McClellan** 1880 Charles Edwin Wilbour 1881 http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/1017/nnap1.htm 3/8/2004 APPENDIX I: List of Americans Travelling to Egypt, 1789-1915 Page 12 of 23 De Robigne Mortimer Bennett Samuel Sullivan Cox Theodore Ledyard Cuyler Simon Wolf 1882 Joseph A. Boll Walter Harriman George Robert Salisbury 1883 Maturin Murray Ballou John W. Greenwood 1884 Hiram Francis Fairbanks Mary Louise (Ninde) Gamewell John B. Gorman Anna P. Little John Henry Paynter Henry Frederic Reddall Susan Arnold (Elston) Wallace 1885 J.J. Escher http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/1017/nnap1.htm 3/8/2004 APPENDIX I: List of Americans Travelling to Egypt, 1789-1915 Page 13 of 23 T. Holmes Osmun Johnson Lillian Leland George Moerlein George Edward Raum ** Agnes Repplier have 1886 Jesse Milton Emerson Philip Phillips D.N. Richardson 1887 Isaac Newton Lewis Milton Stewart Zachary Taylor Sweeney 1888 Lenamay Green Carter Henry Harrison Edward Herbruck Sullivan Holman M'Collester Clara Moyse Tadlock Edward L. Wilson** http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/1017/nnap1.htm 3/8/2004 APPENDIX I: List of Americans Travelling to Egypt, 1789-1915 Page 14 of 23 1889 Daniel F. Beatty Nathan Hubbell T'PL James Pfeiffer Charles McCormick Reeve Peyton L. Stanton Thomas de Witt Talmage Elihu Vedder Thomas Wallace Walter Andrew Whittle 1890 Martin Brimmer Beverly Carradine Charles J. Gillis Robert Pollok Kerr Robert Meredith Caryl S. Parrott Milton Henry Stine Constance Fenimore Woolson Louisa (Stephens) Wright 1891 http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/1017/nnap1.htm 3/8/2004 APPENDIX I: List of Americans Travelling to Egypt, 1789-1915 Page 15 of 23 Edwin Holland Blashfield** ** 1891 Cont'd Charles Thomas Walker 1892 Richard Harding Davis Harry Clay Palmer 1893 Mary Thorn Carpenter Eliza McMillan Daniel Long Miller Frederick Courtland Penfield Edward Griffin Read 1894 James Henry Breasted Francis Edward Clark John F. Floyd William Baxter Godbey William Henry Jackson Florida E. (Watts) Smythe Thomas De Witt Talmage George Cydus Tenney http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/1017/nnap1.htm 3/8/2004 14 Tuesday evening, Jan 17, 1939. half oylinder J During one of my later trips abroad friends of my friends in London invited me down to stay with them at their home near Shrowsbury a beautiful old manor house m which they rented. Elizabethan times, the family that owned it owned at that time a great portion of the county, but, generation after generation, there their estate had dwindled, th oir lands passed into others' hands and but a moderate property and a single heir remained. A man of two years culture and refinement, he had married , after leaving the University a woman whom he d eeply loved , beautiful and, like himself, of ancient family. They had, my friends told me, some years of ideally happy life and then she died, leaving no child behind. He built a beautiful chapel in memory of her upon the estate, close to the manor house where they nd lived so happily together. Then, while he was abroad, the agent to whose hands he had entrusted his property, proved dishonest and lost it and he lost practically all but the manor house and the land about it which he rented to my hosts. It was a real tragedy which I felt keenly 8 it was told to me and I saw the beautiful chapel he had built to his wire's memory and had now passed into other hands, with a recumbent figure, carved 2. in stone, covoring the place within the chapel where xxx he had laid his wife. The manor house, as the chapel, was built of the beautiful red sandstone of the region and ivy grew beautifully over the manor house, which was approached by a short, stately avenue, with a doub le row of deciduous trees generaously spaced and with beautiful lawns below, upon either end. It was truly a noble residence, looking out upon broad green pasture- land to water flowing by beyond. Diotaphone Christmas Day, December 25, 1938; 10 Return ng from our winter on the Nile and our spring in Palestin , Syria and Greece, we spent some weeks in London bofo e we sailed for home. And they were weeks full of interest for the people who we saw. Because of them and the cor 1al invitations they extended me to visit them in the coun y, their true homes, I would gladly have stayed on longer, but yet more I wanted to get back home and take up my life a gain in America. Among t nose whom we saw much of at that time were Lord and Lady Wat rford whom he had seen 80 much of and so pleas- antly as we amo down the Nile. They had a delightful home in London an a delightful oirole of friends about them, drawn equall from the people of rank and fortune who formed their natural environment and the literarym musical and artistic Broup whom Lady Waterford's ready sympathy and delightful c. aracter drew about her. (Inter upted here; to be fillod in later)