Ward Family of New York Samuel Ward (1814-1884) Julia Ward House(1819-1910). Maud Howe Elliott 1938 198 UNCLE SAM WARD AND HIS CIRCLE UNCLE SAM WARD AND HIS CIRCLE 199 Nearly a hundred years later, in April, 1928, the National article closes with a poem Julia wrote after her father's of Commerce published in its organ, Commerce Comment The last two lines proved prophetic: appreciative notice of its first President, from which the ing excerpts are quoted: For we would live as thou bast lived And die as thou bast died. Samuel Ward was a descendant of Thomas Ward of Glou a soldier in the armies of Cromwell, who emigrated to Rhode Island upon the accession of Charles II, married a grandda the time he was fourteen Sam's father devoted himself of Roger Williams and left a long line of illustrious descen taking a fortune. From his childhood Sam devoted himself Sam He began his business career at the age of fourteen Indering that fortune. The crumbling of the Ward wealth prevented clerk in a banking house. His ability was soon discover the enervating influences of inherited riches SO vividly described his advancement rapid. He is said to have expressed his by Sam in an early letter to his father. Today my mination when a boy to become "one of the first bankers father's descendants are hard-working men and women- United States." This was ever his aim. Success crown scientists, teachers-of moderate means. I never heard my early efforts when at the age of twenty-two he was tal mother express regret at the change in the family circum- partnership. Subsequently he became an active and influ and well remember how pained she was when others, man in business and finally the head of his firm, Prime, W less Spartan character, lamented over it! King, which attained an enviable reputation in banking and ness circles. It is natural that this exceptional experience have been utilized by his associates in the establishment Samuel Word Sr., father of (1814-84) Bank. The confidence which Mr. Ward had in the suce this organization was clearly shown by his generous subscr Samuel Cutler Ward, Jr., th Lobbyist for 3,100 of the original 50,000 shares issued. In thinking of Mr. Ward one usually associates his name a descendant of Thomas Ward the crisis during 1836-37, when the exercise of his skill commercial man and banker was called forth in the highest His efforts to avert the financial crisis of that time were of glowcerter, England, unlike strenuous, and when the Banks of the City finally decided pend specie payments he set to work at once to repair the the Wards of Boston who While his partner, Mr. King, went to London to negoti Edward Miles teace Ineage to Ward of financial assistance, he remained in New York to deal situation as best he could. To their united influence mor to anything else was due the success of the country in from a period of business disaster and depression. Althou Kent, England. labors during this great financial crisis told upon his hea shrank from no duty and avoided no sacrifice. He man of decided views, sincerity of character, exact and in all dealings, and in his personal intercourse with the direct, almost to abruptness. archives.nypl.org -- Samuel Ward papers Page 1 of 6 To reduce the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) in New York City, all NYPL locations are temporarily closed until further notice. Learn more (https://nypl.org/coronavirus) and find out about remote access for Library services (https://nypl.org/coronavirus). THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY ARCHIVES & MANUSCRIPTS (http://www.nypl.org/) (/) About Contact (/about) (/contacts/compose?collection_id=5521&layout=true&org_unit_id=1) Digitized (/collection/digital) Samuel Ward papers 1647-1912 Creator Ward, Samuel, 1814-1884 +(/controlaccess/31652?term=Ward%2C+Samuel%2C+1814-1884 Call number MssCol 3221 (http://catalog.nypl.org/record=b11992523) Physical description 2.5 linear feet (8 boxes) Language Materials in English Preferred Citation Samuel Ward papers, Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library Repository Manuscripts and Archives Division Access to materials Advance notice required. Request access to this collection. (/contacts/compose? illection_id=5521&layout=true&mode=request&org_unit_id=1) Samuel Ward (1814-1884) was an American lobbyist, financier, author, and adventurer. He was the son of the banker Samuel Ward (1786-1839) and the grandson of Samuel Ward (1756-1832) soldier and merchant. His sister was Julia Ward Howe, author of the "Battle Hymn of the Republic". After leaving his father's banking house, Prime, Ward & King, he visited Latin America on behalf of U.S. corporate and government interests. By the end of the U.S. Civil War he was settled in Washington, D.C. where he lobbied the government on behalf of financiers. Collection contains the papers of Ward, his father, his grandfather, http://archives.nypl.org/mss/3221 5/1/2020 archives.nypl.org -- Samuel Ward papers Page 2 of 6 and other family members, as well as his collection of autograph letters of mathematicians and scientists. Papers include handwritten and typescript letters, notebooks, transcripts, photographs, and printed matter. Samuel Ward correspondence, 1825-1882, concerns his activities, intellectual and literary matters, and family concerns. Many letters were written by friends who were historical figures. Autograph collection, 1647-1856, comprises letters by famous mathematicians and scientists acquired by Ward with his purchase of the library of mathematician A.N. Legendre. Also, Ward's travel notebooks, and letters, photographs and other papers of various members of the Ward family. BIOGRAPHICAL/HISTORICAL INFORMATION Samuel Ward (1814-1884), lobbyist and financier, was the son of the banker Samuel Ward (1786-1839) and the grandson of Samuel Ward (1756-1832), soldier and merchant. Among his immediate and extended family were his sister Julia Ward Howe, author of the "Battle Hymn of the Republic", his brother-in-law the sculptor Thomas Crawford, and his nephew the novelist F. Marion Crawford. Ward was born in New York City and attended the Round Hill School and Columbia College, which granted him a B.A. in 1831. He subsequently traveled to Paris to study mathematics, purchasing there the library of the mathematician Legendre, which he later donated to the Astor Library. He spent time in Germany and received a doctorate from the University of Tubingen. In Heidelberg, he met another American abroad, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, who became a lifelong friend. Following his return to New York, Ward dabbled in mathematics and entered his father's banking house, Prime, Ward & King. In 1837, he married a daughter of William B. Astor, Emily, by whom he had a daughter, Margaret. Emily and a son died subsequent to the latter's birth, and in 1844 Ward married Medora Grymes. Ward eventually separated from Medora, and his two sons by her both died in the 1860s. Ward left Prime, Ward & King sometime after his father's death in 1839 and had lost his inherited fortune by 1849. He joined the gold rush to California - assuming a rough-and-ready lifestyle there - and visited Mexico, Nicaragua, and Paraguay on behalf of United States corporate and government interests. By the end of the Civil War, he was settled in Washington, D. C., where he engaged in the lucrative business of lobbying the government for financiers. He was known as a charming gourmet, and his success as a lobbyist earned him the epithet "King of the Lobby." Over the years, Ward had developed friendships with many noted individuals including Thomas F. Bayard, William Maxwell Evarts, William Henry Hurlbert, George Ticknor, and the Earl of Rosebery. He died in Italy in May 1884. SCOPE AND ARRANGEMENT The Samuel Ward Papers span the years 1647 to 1912. They include the papers of Ward, his father, his grandfather, and other family members, as well as his collection of autograph letters of mathematicians and scientists. The papers consist of handwritten and typewritten letters, clippings, photographs, notebooks, printed books, transcripts, and other documents and are organized into seven series. http://archives.nypl.org/mss/3221 5/1/2020 archives.nypl.org -- Samuel Ward papers Page 3 of 6 The Samuel Ward papers are arranged in seven series: I. Letters Received by Samuel Ward (1814-1884) (/mss/3221#c1085853) Highlights of the collection are some of the Letters Received by Samuel Ward, many written by friends who were historical figures. Letters from Longfellow discuss intellectual and literary matters. Letters from Thomas F. Bayard and William Maxwell Evarts discuss social engagements and Samuel's lobbying. Other prominent correspondents are George Bancroft, C. C. Felton, John W. Francis, Jared Sparks, and George Ticknor. Fitz-Greene Halleck and the Earl of Rosebery are represented primarily by transcripts of their letters. There is a dearth of letters to Ward dating from his California and Latin, America period. Notable exceptions are "confidential" letters from Samuel Barlow regarding the procurement of gold and silver from Nicaragua and an 1854 commission to Ward to save the life of Count Raousset, imprisoned by President Santa Anna in Mexico. Unusual enclosures with other letters received are a musical program printed on satin, from 1839, and a Mathew Brady cabinet card of General William T. Sherman, autographed by the general. [other than family] - SEE: Index at end of box listing. II. Letters Sent by Samuel Ward (1814-1884) (/mss/3221#c1085881) [other than family]. The Letters Sent by Samuel Ward are in French and are addressed to Charles F. Mersch, a German student with whom he traveled to Heidelberg. III. Family Letters & Papers (/mss/3221#c1085885) Other letters from Samuel are to relatives and highlight the Family Letters & Papers series, which also includes letters from F. Marion Crawford, M. Eliza Cutler, Julia Ward Howe, Francis Marion Ward, Henry Ward, and the elder Samuel Wards, among others. IV. Miscellaneous Papers of Samuel Ward (1814-1884) (/mss/3221#c1085956) V. Notebooks of Samuel Ward (1814-1884) (& Other Bound Volumes) (/mss/3221#c1085969) VI. Collections - Autographs (collected by Samuel Ward) (/mss/3221#c1085977) The outstanding Autograph Collection comprises substantial letters by famous mathematicians and scientists - from a 1647 letter by Marin Mersenne to Johann Hevelius to an 1856 letter from the naturalist Aimé Jacques Alexandre Bonpland. Included are holograph letters from Jean Bernoulli, Euler, Hailey, Lagrange, and Leibniz. Most of the collection was probably acquired by Ward with his purchase of the Legendre library, some of the letters actually being addressed to A. M. Legendre. VII. Transcripts of Ward Family Letters (/mss/3221#c1086054) Miscellaneous transcripts (holograph & typewritten) especially of letters by/to Lt. - Col. Samuel Ward (1756-1832). Unsorted. Also: page proofs of "The Correspondence of Samuel Ward, May 1775 - March 1776, edited by Bernhard Knollenberg, Providence, R. I. Rhode Island Hist. Soc., 1952. Uncorrected proofs through p. 205 [not present: Genealogy of the Ward Family...]. http://archives.nypl.org/mss/3221 5/1/2020 archives.nypl.org -- Samuel Ward papers Page 4 of 6 ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING INFORMATION jds, August 1973 KEY TERMS NAMES Armstrong, John, 1758-1843 (/controlaccess/31657?term=Armstrong, John, 1758-1843) Bancroft, George, 1800-1891 (/controlaccess/4620?term=Bancroft, George, 1800-1891) Bayard, Thomas F. (Thomas Francis), 1828-1898 B(/controlaccess/16834?term=Bayard, Thomas F. (Thomas Francis), 1828-1898) Bernoulli, Jean, 1667-1748 (/controlaccess/31658?term=Bernoulli, Jean, 1667-1748) Brady, Mathew B., 1823 (ca.)-1896 (/controlaccess/10960?term=Brady, Mathew B., 1823 (ca.)-1896) Crawford, F. Marion (Francis Marion), 1854-1909(/controlaccess/31659?term=Crawford F. Marion (Francis Marion), 1854-1909) Cutler, M. Eliza (/controlaccess/31660?term=Cutler, M. Eliza) Euler, Leonhard, 1707-1783 (/controlaccess/21530?term=Euler, Leonhard, 1707-1783) Evarts, William Maxwell, 1818-1901 (/controlaccess/31661?term=Evarts, William Maxwell, 1818- 1901) Felton, C. C. (Cornelius Conway), 1807-1862 (/controlaccess/10204?term=Felton, C. C. (Cornelius Conway), 1807-1862) Francis, John W. (John Wakefield), 1789-1861 (/controlaccess/22418?term=Francis, John W. (John Wakefield), 1789-1861) Halleck, Fitz-Greene, 1790-1867 (/controlaccess/14686?term=Halleck Fitz-Greene, 1790-1867) Halley, Edmond, 1656-1742 (/controlaccess/31662?term=Halley,E Edmond, 1656-1742) Howe, Julia Ward, 1819-1910 (/controlaccess/14312?term=Howe, Julia Ward, 1819-1910) Lagrange, J. L. (Joseph Louis), 1736-1813(/controlaccess/31663?term=Lagrange,J. L. (Joseph Louis), 1736-1813) Legendre, A. M. (Adrien Marie), 1752-1833 (/controlaccess/31665?term=Legendre, A. M. (Adrien Marie), 1752-1833) Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von, 1646-1716 (/controlaccess/31664?term=Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freihern von, 1646-1716) Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 1807-1882 (/controlaccess/7732?term=Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 1807-1882) Rosebery, Archibald Philip Primrose, Earl of, 1847-1929 (/controlaccess/10696?term=Rosebery, Archibald Philip Primrose, Earl of, 1847-1929) Sherman, William T. (William Tecumseh), 1820-1891 (/controlaccess/9536?term=Sherman, William T. (William Tecumseh), 1820-1891) Sparks, Jared, 1789-1866 (/controlaccess/17323?term=Sparks, Jared, 1789-1866) Ticknor, George, 1791-1871 (/controlaccess/21028?term=Ticknor, George, 1791-1871) Ward, Francis Marion, 1820-1847 (/controlaccess/31666?term=Ward, Francis Marion, 1820-1847) Ward, Henry, 1818-1840 (/controlaccess/31667?term=Ward Henry, 1818-1840) http://archives.nypl.org/mss/3221 5/1/2020 archives.nypl.org -- Samuel Ward papers Page 5 of 6 Ward, Samuel, 1756-1832 (/controlaccess/31668?term=Ward, Samuel, 1756-1832) Ward, Samuel, 1786-1839 (/controlaccess/31669?term=Ward, Samuel, 1786-1839) Ward, Samuel, 1814-1884 /controlaccess/31652?term=Ward, Samuel, 1814-1884) Ward family (controlaccess/31653?term=Wardfamily) SUBJECTS Banks and banking -- New York (State) -- New York (/controlaccess/14620?term=Banks and banking -- New York (State) -- New York) Mathematics (/controlaccess/6271?term=Mathematics Mines and mineral resources -- Nicaragua (/controlaccess/31654?term=Mines and mineral resources -- Nicaragua) Science (/controlaccess/24272?term=Science) PLACES Europe -- Description and travel (/controlaccess/5191?term=Europe -- Description and travel) Mexico -- History -- 1821-1861 (/controlaccess/31655?term=Mexico -- History -- 1821-1861) New York (N.Y.) -- Social life and customs (/controlaccess/4211?term=New York (N.Y.) -- Social life and customs) United States -- Intellectual life -- 1783-1865 (/controlaccess/31656?term=United States -- Intellectual life -- 1783-1865) OCCUPATIONS Capitalists and financiers (/controlaccess/26783?term=Capitalists and financiers) Lobbyists (/controlaccess/9830?term=Lobbyists) MATERIAL TYPES Autographs (/controlaccess/159169?term=Autographs) Diaries (/controlaccess/3232?term=Diaries) Photographs /controlaccess/3158?term=Photographs) USING THE COLLECTION LOCATION Manuscripts and Archives Division Stephen A. Schwarzman Building Fifth Avenue at 42nd Street, New York, NY 10018-2788 Brooke Russell Astor Reading Room, Third Floor, Room 328 ACCESS TO MATERIALS Advance notice required. Request access to this collection. (/contacts/compose? collection_id=5521&layout=true&mode=request&org_unit_id=1 http://archives.nypl.org/mss/3221 5/1/2020 Collection: Samuel Ward papers | HOLLIS for Page 1 of 4 HOLLIS for Archival Discovery COLLECTION Identifier: MS Am 2201 " CITATION REQUEST VIEW PDF CSV ? ASK A LIBRARIAN Samuel Ward papers FOUND IN: Houghton Library / Samuel Ward papers COLLECTION OVERVIEW COLLECTION INVENTORY DIGITAL MATERIAL Overview Papers of the American lobbyist and author Samuel Ward. Dates 1814-1936 Language of Materials Collection materials are in English. Conditions Governing Access There are no restrictions on physical access to this material. Collection is open for research. Extent 1.5 linear feet (3 boxes) COLLAPSE ALL SCOPE AND CONTENTS Letters from Samuel Ward to Elliot mostly concern his life in Washington D.C., and family news. Collection also contains Ward's diary from 1834 in Paris, a poem by Ernest Rhys entitled "To M.H.E.," a poem by William Thayer entitled "To Mrs. Julia Ward Howe," a drawing of Medora Ward, parts of literary manuscripts and lectures by Ward, clippings, and magazines containing research material Elliott used. Much of the correspondence is with Maud Howe Elliott, and concerns her research on her uncle Samuel Ward; his work, Diary of a Public Man; her family history; complements on her book, Uncle Sam Ward and his Circle; and also from https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/24/resources/2692 5/1/2020 Collection: Samuel Ward papers | HOLLIS for Page 2 of 4 publishing companies giving her permission to reprint material, a letter and poem from the Atlantic Monthly, and part of the California Historical Society Quarterly about the McAllisters. ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION Biographical / Historical Ward, an American lobbyist, financier, author, and adventurer, was well known in social and political circles in both the U.S. and Europe. Maud Howe Elliott was his niece, and the daughter of reformer Julia Ward Howe. Arrangement Organized into the following series: I. Letters II. Papers Physical Location b Immediate Source of Acquisition 51M-300. Gift of Miss Rosalind Richards, Gardiner, Maine; received: 1951. Link to catalog ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION Title Ward, Samuel, 1814-1884. Samuel Ward papers, ca. 1814-1936: Guide. Author Houghton Library, Harvard College Library EAD ID hou01451 REPOSITORY DETAILS Repository Details Part of the Houghton Library Repository http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ois:HOU https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/24/resources/2692 5/1/2020 NYHS_v28_n01_Quarterly_Report_194401_024 islandora NYHS_v28_n01_Quarterly_Report_194401_024 Return to Book View(/islandora/object/islandora%3A10169) II D In Collection(s) NYHS v28 no1, Quarterly Bulletin, January 1944(/islandora/object/islandora%3A10169) New York Society Quarterly Bulletin,Jan.1944. Descriptive Metadata Details Title NYHS_v28_no1_Quarterly_Report_194401_024 Identifier (local) 3782 Full Text WARD RESIDENCE, 14 CARROLL PLACE, C. 186j Northeast corner, Bleecker and Thompson Streets, New York City Photograph presented by Mrs. Louisa H. Clarke, Messrs. Charles M. Ward, Henry Marion Ward, and William F. Ward, 9/18/2017 Samuel Cutler Ward Wikipedia Samuel Cutler Ward From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Samuel Cutler "Sam" Ward IV (January 27, 1814 - May 19, 1884), was an Samuel Cutler Ward American poet, politician, author, and gourmet, and in the years after the Civil War he was widely known as the "King of the Lobby." He combined delicious food, fine wines, and good conversation to create a new type of lobbying in Washington, DC social lobbying over which he reigned for more than a decade. [1] Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2.1 California gold rush 2.2 Washington, D.C. 2.3 Later life 3 Personal life 3.1 Legacy 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 Notes 7 External links "Uncle Sam" Early life Ward as caricatured by Spy (Leslie Ward) in Vanity Fair, January 1880 Sam was born in New York City into an old New England family and was the eldest Born January 27, 1814 of seven children. His father, Samuel Ward III, was a highly respected banker with New York City, New the firm of Prime, Ward, and King. His grandfather, Col. Samuel Ward, Jr. (1756- York, U.S. 1832), was a veteran of the Revolutionary War. Sam's mother, Julia Rush Cutler, was related to Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox" of the American Revolution. Died May 19, 1884 (aged 70) 1824 Naples, Italy When Sam's mother died while he was a student at the Round Hill School in Resting Trinity Church Northampton, Massachusetts, his father became morbidly obsessed with his children's moral, spiritual, and physical health. It wasn't until he was a student at place Cemetery, New York Columbia College, where he joined the Philolexian Society and from which he City, New York, U.S. graduated in 1831, that he began to learn about the wider world. Education Round Hill School The more he learned, the less he wanted to become a banker. He convinced his Alma mater Columbia College father first to let him study in Europe, He stayed for four years, mastering several University of Tübingen languages, enjoying high society, earning a doctorate degree from the University of Political Democrat Tübingen, and, in Heidelberg meeting Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, who became party his friend for life. Sam literally dined out for decades on stories of his experiences Spouse(s) Emily Astor during these years. (m. 1838; her Career death 1841) Medora Grymes (m. 1843) He returned to New York, married Emily Astor, the eldest daughter of businessman William Backhouse Astor, Sr., in January 1838 and tried to settle into the life of a Parent(s) Samuel Ward III young banker. Julia Rush Cutler Relatives Julia Ward (sister) His father. Samuel Ward III, died unexpectedly in November 1839. Next, Sam's brother Henry died suddenly of typhoid fever. In February 1841 his wife gave birth Samuel Ward, Jr. to a son, but within days both she and the newborn died. Sam was executor of his (grandfather) father's several-million-dollar estate, partner now in a prestigious banking firm, guardian of his three sisters, a widower, father of a toddler, and 27 years old. 9/18/2017 Samuel Cutler Ward Wikipedia He remarried in 1843, and urged on by his new wife. Sam began speculating on Wall Street. In September 1847, the financial world was stunned by news that Prime, Ward and Co. (King had wisely withdrawn) had collapsed. California gold rush Broke, Sam joined the '49ers rushing to California. He opened a store on the San Francisco waterfront; plowed his profits into real estate; claimed he made a quarter of a million dollars in three months; and lost it all when fire destroyed his wharves and warehouses. For a time he operated a ferry in the California wilderness; he alluded to mysterious schemes in Mexico and South America; and he bobbed up in New York a wealthy man again. He plunged back into speculating and lost all of his money again, and with it went Medora's affection. This time he finagled a berth on a diplomatic mission to Paraguay. When he sailed home in 1859, he brought with him a secret agreement with the president of Paraguay to lobby on that country's behalf and headed to Washington, DC, to begin a new career. Washington, D.C. Sam was a Democrat with many friends and family in the South. He also believed in gradual emancipation, which put him at odds with his sister, Julia Ward, who would later write "The Battle Hymn of the Republic," and her husband, Samuel Gridley Howe. But there was no question that he would remain loyal to the Union. He put his dinner table at the disposal of his neighbor Secretary of State William Henry Seward. His elegant meals, which had already begun to be noticed, provided the perfect cover for Northerners and Southerners looking for neutral ground. In the early days of the war, Sam also traveled through the Confederacy with British journalist William Howard Russell, secretly sending letters full of military details back to Seward for which he surely would have been hanged or shot if exposed. In 1862, he told Seward he was wrong to think that the Confederacy would have rejoined the Union had war been averted: "I differ from you. I found among the leaders a malignant bitterness and contemptuous hatred of the North which rendered this lesson necessary. within two years they would have formed entangling free trade and free navigation treaties with Europe, and have become a military power hostile to us. [2] At the war's end, Sam's friends in high places, his savoir faire, his trove of anecdotes and recipes, and his talents for diplomacy augured well for his success in Washington, where the coals were hot and ready for an era of unprecedented growth and corruption that became known as "the Great Barbeque" or "The Gilded Age." His entrée into the Johnson administration was Secretary of the Treasury Hugh McCulloch, who, faced with the colossal task of financial reconstruction, turned for help to Sam, who won for him a partial victory via cookery. Soon Sam was boasting to Julia that he was lobbying for insurance companies, telegraph companies, steamship lines, railroad lines, banking interests, mining interests, manufacturers, investors, and individuals with claims. Everyone, he crowed, wanted him. What they wanted was a seat at his famous table. His plan de campagne for lobbying often began with pâté de campagne, with a client footing the bill. Sam took great care in composing the menu and guest list for his lobby dinners. If his client's interests were financial, members of the appropriate House and Senate committees received invitations. Mining and mineral rights? That was another group of players. He also orchestrated the talk around the table and used stories from his variegated life like condiments at his dinners. The results? "Ambrosial nights," gushed one guest. "The climax of civilization," another enthused. But how did these delightful evenings serve his clients' ends? Subtly, and therein lies what set Sam Ward apart as a lobbyist. He claimed, and guests agreed, that he never talked directly about a "project" over dinner. Instead, he let a good food, wine, and company educate and convince, launch schemes or nip them in the bud At these evenings new friendships developed, old ones were cemented, and Sam's list of men upon whom he could call lengthened. This was the hallmark of what reporters labeled the "social lobby," and, by the late 1860s, Sam was hailed in newspapers across the country as its "King." And yet nowhere in this age of corruption and scandal-not in the press, in congressional testimony, or in his own letters or those of his clients-was there any hint that "the King" ever offered a bribe, engaged in blackmail, or used any other such methods to win his ends. Later life By the late 1870s, the "King of the Lobby" was slowing down. Although friends urged him to retire, the truth was that he couldn't. Sam was famous, but he was not rich. He lived well-very well indeed-but on other men's money. But then his 9/18/2017 Samuel Cutler Ward Wikipedia California gold fields and Sam had nursed him back to health. Keene never forgot his kindness. He manipulated railroad stock with his good "SAMaritan" in mind, and, when he came East in 1878, he gave Sam the profits-nearly $750,000. With this dramatic change in his circumstances, the "King" abdicated his crown, decamped for New York, and naively backed unscrupulous strangers developing a grand new resort on Long Island. To no one's surprise but Sam's, the project failed and Sam's final fortune evaporated. In order to evade creditors. Sam sailed for England. He bobbed up in London and was straightaway entertained by his many friends there and then moved on to Italy. During Lent in 1884. he became ill near Naples. On the morning of May 19, he dictated one last lighthearted letter and died. Personal life In January 1838, he married Emily Astor, eldest daughter of businessman William Backhouse Astor, Sr. and Margaret Rebecca Armstrong of the Livingston family. In November 1838, Emily gave birth to their daughter, Margaret Astor Ward, who married John Winthrop Chanler, son of John White Chanler and Elizabeth Shirreff Winthrop. Together, they had ten children, including William Astor Chanler, Sr., Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler, and Robert Winthrop Chanler. In February 1841, Emily gave birth to a son, but within days both she and the newborn died. Sam was executor of his father's several-million-dollar estate, partner now in a prestigious banking firm, guardian of his three sisters, a widower, father of a toddler, and 27 years old. In 1843, Sam married a beautiful fortune-hunter from New Orleans, Medora Grymes, who bore two sons in quick succession. [3] Legacy Ann Hall. Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Ward (Emily Astor), 1837. Miniature on ivory. Within days of his passing, obituaries appeared in dozens of newspapers in the 1/2 X 4 1/2 in. Private collection, United States and England The New York Times' obituary filled two entire columns. Barrytown, New York The New York Tribune correctly concluded that Sam Ward's "greatest achievement was establishing himself in Washington at the head of a profession which, from the lowest depths of disrepute, he raised almost to the dignity of a gentlemanly business.. He never resorted to vulgar bribery; he excelled rather in composing the enmities and cementing the rickety friendships which play SO large a part in political affairs, and he tempted men not with the purse, but with banquets, graced by vivacious company, and the conversation of wits and people of the world." Sam's book of poetry, Lyrical Recreations, soon sank into obscurity. His hilarious anonymous magazine accounts of his stint in the gold fields were edited into a volume entitled Sam Ward in the Gold Rush in 1949. For years after his death, bar patrons ordered "Sam Wards," a drink he invented of cracked ice, a peel of lemon, and yellow Chartreuse. Restaurants carried Chicken Saute Sam Ward on their menus for decades. Locke-Ober in Boston served for years a dish called Mushrooms Sam Ward. He was immortalized by his nephew author Francis Marion Crawford as the delightful Mr. Bellingham in Dr. Claudius. And Sam's name has been kept alive by scholars speculating upon the identity of the anonymous author of "The Diary of a Public Man," published in 1879. The social lobby that Sam Ward perfected also lives on. Although entertaining by lobbyists has been circumscribed by legislation, it endures because, as Sam understood, bringing people together over good food, wine, and conversation remains a fruitful way to conduct business. As Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. noted 100 years after Sam's death, " every close student of Washington knows half the essential business of government is still transacted in the evening where the sternest purpose lurks under the highest frivolity." Sam Ward's art was to guarantee that the guests who enjoyed his ambrosial nights never focused on the purpose that lurked beneath his perfectly cooked poisson. References 1. "Ward, Samuel. Papers"(http://archives.nypl.org/uploads/collection/pdf_finding_aid/wards.pdf)(PDF). archives.nypl.org. The New York Public Library. Retrieved 30 August 2017. 2. Nevins, Allan. The War for the Union, vol. 1, The Improvised War, 1861-1862 (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1959), p. 53. 9/18/2017 Samuel Cutler Ward Wikipedia 3. Jaçob, Kathryn Allamong (2010). King of the Lobby: The Life and Times of Sam Ward, Man-About-Washington in the `Gilded Age e(https://books.google.com/books?id=8K1fvejDBQEC). JHU Press. ISBN 9780801893971. Retrieved 30 August 2017. Bibliography Crawford, Francis Marion. Dr. Claudius. New York: Macmillan, 1883. Crofts, Daniel W. A Secession Crisis Enigma: William Henry Hurlbert and "The Diary of a Public Man. 'Baton Rouge: Louisiana State university Press, 2010. TW Elliott, Maud Howe. Uncle Sam Ward and His Circle. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1938. Jacob, Kathryn Allamong. King of the Lobby, the Life and Times of Sam Ward. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010. Thomas, Lately (pseudonym of Robert Steele). Sam Ward "King of the Lobby". Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1965. Ward, Samuel. Lyrical Recreations. New York: D. Appleton, Boston, 1865. Ward, Samuel. Sam Ward in the Gold Rush. (edited by Carvel Collins) Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1949. Notes http://web.archive.org/web/20140714151850/http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~dav4is/people/WARD743.htm External links Kathryn Allamong Jacob, King of the Lobby. The Life and Times of Sam Ward (https://books.google.com/books?id= 8K1fvejDBQEC) at Google Books Samuel Ward, Alias Carlos Lopez (http://www.lib.rochester.edu/index.cfm?PAGE=3441) UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER LIBRARY BULLETIN Volume XII Winter 1957 Number 2 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Cutler_Ward&oldid=798016106" This page was last edited on 30 August 2017, at 13:47. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. 189+218 sterention Reviews 89 an interim commission in 1874, where her lobbying-its practice, its abuses, its exco- narrative effectively ends. Contemporaries un- riation-it was ever thus. Yet one would sell derstood that an appointed commission was a Samuel Ward's exciting and varied life short by likely outcome of the territory's collapse. Still, simply focusing on the two decades he spent akin to the Control Board of 1995-2001, the in the nation's capital. Jacob vividly portrays interim commission of 1874-78 was struc- a man who was involved in many of the great tured as a federal receivership. The significance events of nineteenth-century America. of the financial and administrative provisions Born in New York City in 1814, Ward was of the 1878 organic act-with its promised 50 the son of a prominent banker, a partner in percent federal appropriation in exchange for the firm Prime, Ward, and King. As a young congressional control of the D.C. budget, and man he was accustomed to the company of the Army Corps control of Washington's public great and the good who sat at his family's ta- works-is why Washington historians treat es- ble: Washington Irving, James Fenimore Coo- tablishment of the permanent commission as per, Hamilton Fish, Thurlow Weed, William the turning point, even though residents' vot- Henry Seward, and John Jacob Astor among ing rights were terminated in the interim bill others. Many of them turned out to be partic- of 1874. ularly useful connections during his Washing- Masur had to end somewhere, but stopping ton career. Not that he had to go far afield to in 1874 rather than leaving the story to fade encounter the famous: his younger sister, Julia sadly feeds a tendency among historians and Ward (who would pen "The Battle Hymn of readers to concentrate on episodes of possi- the Republic") was his lifelong confidante and bility and drama at the expense of periods of occasional scold. routine and disappointment. For Washington, It is a measure of Ward's social status that time was vivid between 1861 and 1874. But he married Emily Astor, granddaughter of neither Washingtonians nor their historians John Jacob. She died shortly after giving birth should turn from the gray years that followed. to their second child, who also died. His sub- If the capital is to serve as an example of prin- sequent marriage to Medora Grymes resulted ciples proclaimed at high moments in its sto- in an irrevocable breach with the Astors. This ry, Washingtonians need to understand details marriage was as unhappy as the marriage to of the city's situation that become inescapable Emily Astor had been happy and was a source during eras of disillusionment. of much sadness throughout his life. As a young man, Ward boarded at Round Hill School in Massachusetts, where he met many leading sons of Southern society, con- King of the Lobby: The Life and nections that served him well in the years to Times of Sam Ward, Man-About- come. He graduated from Columbia College Washington in the Gilded Age and then traveled to Europe, where he extend- ed his web of friendship. In Heidelberg he met By Kathryn Allamong Jacob. (Baltimore: The the young Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009). 240 pag- began an intimate friendship that lasted until es; illustrations, notes, index. Cloth, $40.00. Longfellow's death. In Europe Ward managed to pick up a Reviewed by John Peter Olinger number of languages and a doctorate from the University of Tubingen, and it would appear Kathryn Allamong Jacob's King of the Lobby that, had he wished, he could easily have pur- is a timely reminder that when it comes to sued an academic career in mathematics, or 90 Washington History(2011), Vol. 23 perhaps classics, or philosophy. Instead, he fol- lowed his father into the family bank, the one career to which he appears to have been little K ING of the suited. Although Ward had a talent for making money for others and for himself, he was never LOBBY able to hold onto his own fortune. In 1847, the family bank, then known as Prime, Ward and Co., collapsed. THE LIFE AND TIMES OF Then began a decade-long odyssey that car- ried Ward to gold rush California, where as SAM WARD was his custom, he quickly made money and MAN-ABOUT-WASHINGTON important friends. He moved on to Mexi- IN THE GILDED AGE CO and Central America, making contacts all along the way, then on to Europe. By the time he came to Washington in the late 1850s, his web of friendships spanned the Atlantic, and North and South America. At the outset of the Civil War, Ward trav- elled throughout the South with his English acquaintance, the war correspondent William Henry Russell. He arrived in Charleston just as Fort Sumter fell, and proceeded on to Macon, Kathryn Allamong Jacob Montgomery, Mobile, New Orleans, and up to Jackson, Memphis, and Cairo, all the while sending reports to Secretary of State Seward. Ward's lobbying career began when he se- the beneficiaries of bribes, as was a clerk of the cured a post as secretary to a U.S. diplomatic House of Representatives, as well as commit- mission to Paraguay. The mission was success- tee clerks, some of whom were retained by in- ful in diplomatic terms and for Ward person- dividuals and businesses who had matters be- ally. When he returned to Washington he car- fore the committees. Reporters and society ried not just a proposed treaty between the hostesses were not immune to the blandish- two nations, but also a personal commission ments of these same interests. as agent for President Carlos Antonio Lopez of Ward came into his own as King of the Paraguay. Lopez had secretly paid him to lob- Lobby, or Rex vestiari, after the Civil War. It by on behalf of the treaty. With its adoption, was a period of great change and expansion in Ward claimed his first success as a lobbyist. Washington, which had grown during the war. Placing Ward's Washington career in its Opening the West, building railroads, expand- context, Jacob supplies a useful short history ing commerce-all made the federal govern- of lobbying, a practice as old as the republic ment a central player in the forging of a na- itself. Using documents from periodic con- tional economy. And as the national economy gressional investigations of lobbying, begin- grew, SO did the world of lobbying. ning with that of Samuel Colt's efforts to se- Jacob argues that Ward was sui generis, the cure the renewal of his arms contract, Jacob first "social lobbyist." He practiced his art provides several short sketches that remind us not in the halls of Congress but in his home, that the selling and buying of influence has an- where he entertained lavishly. Ward said that tique roots. Representatives and senators were he never paid a bribe and that he never asked Reviews x 91 for anything at dinner. And his dinners were vor of the measure; that I thought it a good notable. Jacob takes the reader on an excursion measure." Whether the members of the Ways through the culinary history of the gilded age, and Means Committee were any more enlight- with new and exotic foods gracing the tables ened than we are by this answer is hard to de- of the wealthy and sophisticated. Ward, an termine. In any case, the investigation led to a early habitué of Delmonico's in New York in brief eruption of congressional virtue-in the his youth, introduced Washington society to House but not the Senate. During the 44th new cuisine. To sit at Ward's table was a much Congress, beginning in 1876, lobbyists were sought-after honor. Among those who supped required to register. This requirement, which with him were James Blaine, James Garfield, lacked any enforcement mechanism, lapsed and Chester Arthur. The food was hardly the at the end of that Congress. Over 100 years only attraction. Garfield and Ward for instance passed before the requirement was revived. shared a deep knowledge of classical literature Ward gradually withdrew from the world and their correspondence reflects that fact. of lobbying, though he continued to be much Over the course of fifteen years, Ward fig- sought after as a host and conversationalist. He ured in many of the great battles of the emerg- escorted Oscar Wilde on his American tour in ing national economy, beginning with Sec- 1882. It is inconceivable that Wilde would retary of the Treasury McCulloch's postwar have tolerated a poor table or a boring host. retirement of the greenback and return to the Ward's talent for losing money persisted gold standard. Ward regarded this as one of to the end. He left the United States to avoid his great accomplishments. Yet it is difficult to creditors and died in Pegli on the Italian Rivi- tell exactly what role he played. Similarly, he era near Genoa in 1884, which seems fitting was active in the effort to prevent the Senate for a man who had lived a dramatic life on from carrying out the House's impeachment a world stage. He was much more than the of President Andrew Johnson. Despite Repre- "King of the Lobby." In this relatively short sentative Ben Butler's subsequent investigation work, Jacob succeeds in conveying the rich- of the lobbying surrounding the Senate trial, it ness of his life and the texture of the times. is not exactly clear what Ward did. One is left with the impression that an eve- Therein lies the problem with assessing ning spent with Sam Ward would have been Ward's career. Whether it is his role in the trea- delightful, informative, perhaps even profit- ty with Paraguay, the epic battle for control of able. That may well be the essence of a great the Erie Railroad, or the securing of a duty ex- lobbyist, in any age. emption for the imported alcohol that Louis Agassiz used to preserve his specimens at Har- John Peter Olinger, senior vice president at the vard, Ward's actions are cloaked in secrecy. Al- Downey McGrath Group, a government affairs though he did not seek anonymity and in fact firm, was formerly president of the Rainbow reveled in his reputation, he apparently was History Project, which collects, preserves, and careful not to discuss his work, either publicly promotes the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and trans- or in his correspondence. gendered history of Washington. Ward was the star witness in the House Ways and Means Committee investigation of lobbying on behalf of the Pacific Mail Steam- ship Company for the contract to carry mail to China. When asked the nature of his work, Ward said "Simply stating on all occasions, where it was proper to do so, that I was in fa- 646 THE NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY V.11,143 (1938), his own contribution had inevitably to be cut down to fit the space that remained. The selections are admirably chosen; the bibliography of nearly forty pages is the best on its subject and the book as a whole, quite the most useful single work on American humor. For New Englanders it will have special interest since a large proportion of it is devoted to writers in the northeastern states, who found in our local characters and ways of life the material for comedy. KENNETH B. MURDOCK. Harvard University. Uncle Sam Ward and His Circle. By Maud Howe Elliott. (New York: The Macmillan Company. 1938. Pp. xiv, 699. $5.00.) Sam Ward, the ebullient elder brother of Julia Ward Howe, was a New Englander only in his six generations of Rhode Island ancestors, his five years at Cogswell and Bancroft's Round Hill School at Northampton, and his lifelong friendships with such Cambridge personages as Longfellow, Sumner, and Felton. In more ways than one, Mrs. Elliott's genial Uncle Sam may be regarded as the antithesis of the New England spirit. A light- hearted dilettante with fortune usually on his side, Sam Ward got a great deal of fun out of charming his way through the best social circles of three continents. At the age of eighteen he escaped from "the iron tyranny of his father's piety" to spend four profoundly unsettling and enjoyable years in Europe. A checquered business career in Wall Street, where the gambling bored him, was followed by a happy fifteen-year reign in Wash- ington as King of the Lobby and "gastronomic pacificator." Between times he ran through three fortunes; married an Astor and later a New Orleans belle; and adventured in the California gold rush, Paraguay, Mexico, and Brazil. Convinced that he might have been a great mathematician or linguist or poet or indeed all three at once, he accomplished nothing substantial in any intellectual field save perhaps the reckless purchase, in his BOOK REVIEWS 647 youth, of Legendre's mathematical library, and some sugges- tions of themes for poems submitted to his friend, Longfellow. Sam Ward worked hardest at the art of being a universal uncle- the craft of charm, the ways and means of being liked by the right sorts of people. His almost unbroken series of successes in that field (even British nabobs yielded) counterbalance, in the eyes of his adoring niece, his irresponsible failures in his other pursuits. But it is hardly likely that future critics will be as indulgent. Sam's triumphs were triumphs of elegance; he may live as a great gourmet, for he was a better judge of food and its political uses than of anything else, although he dabbled in almost everything at one time or another. The cinematic story of his ups and downs should have been written with a light touch in the days before American plutocracy suffered its catas- trophic failure of nerve. To the social conscience of the present, Sam Ward supplies but one more illustration of the incredible blindness of the privileged to the consequences of their antics. Julia Ward Howe's daughter has compiled a monumental and apparently uncut biography made up to a considerable extent of letters among the members of the Ward family, all "inveterate correspondents," and their many friends and ac- quaintances. Much is included, as a result, that is trivial and obstructive, except in the eyes of the immediate family or of the social historian. The most important letters are those ex- changed by Sam Ward and Longfellow between 1836 and 1882. The poet's grandson regards them as "the liveliest and, I may say, the most indiscreet letters he ever wrote"; which is one more proof that discretion is a relative concept. The friendship of Sam and his "Longo" was a union of opposites; for even Sam realized that Longfellow's works were "domestic," while his own were nothing if not foreign and sophisticated No one, however, succeeded in taking Sam Ward's measure more accurately than Charles Sumner when he said: "I disagree with Sam Ward on almost every human topic, but when I have talked with him five minutes I forget everything save that he is the most delight- ful company in the world." HAROLD A. LARRABEE. Union College. Kathryn a. Jacab of the Labby the Life n Times of Sam ward. in the gilded agr. Baltswire: T.Hopkins, 2010. 3. Jacobs femones the foot that Word never crute calcutotiography. "That is a pity. such book would is lead have beaw delicious." Somes reign in Washeryton "coincided c the post often described as a uredearable corrupt ers. scould often scondel associated write. postaver 4 Fedual government e broad new powers An els of "veral politiceds, repactors robber barons, and wily hobbyists contact selling, vote buying, t election legging opienty." While the medic ralleid against Colibyist these in business of corruptab influencing legislators - SamWaid win it "a class by honself." Except to has parents, Some was almost 7. allergy 'Som' sat Sound He who a "man of the world, master 4 cookery, mathemat is, and holfa dogenlongages, failed financiar He returned from CA in 1859 WashingtonDC s Jacoh Queentry of Same indiaded a captain in Olever Connectle's 29 army, two calorial governor, c member of the Crestinental Congress, two officials in g. Washington's army and Frances Marlon, the 'Swamp Fox, He producted for Round Hill in 1828-at 14-the off to Columbia V where begaberated in 1831. What he wanted most was to goto Booton to study motherities o Nathaniel Bounlitch ad his Roard Hell math preferre, Berjjum Price, then at Howard Son published 2 active on problebility + a revered of Loche for the American Juacture berrow official a trashy position at U.S.M.A. Same proposed you of study with in Europe, military engineering. Get sait October 1832. Three years passed too quickly He meets Longfillow in Heidelberg. See characterization on 19 33. Jacabs the author, descubes (p.198) Cuide as "a sweet, uncritical value of heavily edited letters [with]little commentary, even less analysis... The "Circle' is for fracity, net the larger Certle of freeds 7 acquestances. a Lately Thomas SomeWord is a "straight p-198 forward borgraph based a source available thigh 1960's. Here there is" lettle "about the Lo bby. The real noun of Theres is Robert Steele 3 Much of Sanis writings "aent up lii flames "some ! papers escaped Julies boxfire. "Fortunately the Julea ward House papers ad th largest of several collections & Howe famil paper (ms Am 2119) are "gold mines not of for letter to ad from Some but for intrafomilial p.199 coursespectence in which fan is dis ceased." Lately Thomas NYC (1814-1884) ) Sam Ward: King of the Labby. Boston HM, 1965. 4th to hear that none, father a bonher -partician p.4. in Prince t Ward year ladlin married Boston grid of Huguent heritage. Liki goes back to Cal San Wad, Rev. Wae veteran much furth line founded f a captain in Olevi Comewell's covaly, Thomas Ward, who exigrated to Anneual and settled in R.I. & 1816, Heny berre ad in 1820 Fearners Maroon. 15 Round Holl teliod (chap 2) @ 30 stadents Th effect of geographed Liversif of fellow students" was to footer sat not synpathies exclude secti malesm, a choroctoritic that was to make mark him always. "Enclled the at Eleven year of age ? Secret poltered after a German Jynessons, plas cel eyeseen equal in supt. to S term classical ecencienter Every Surver bag set out on hiking vestuer thighte Behahues or to Nahart Etc. 25 States Caleevfia u. in 1829. Graducter in 2 year. Pablesh several ach ds, one on Joehe affersal johat West Point. Probled off to Europe in 1832. for the next 4 years Anmils stades abroad, mt Her dobberg. Bach to u.s. x much infept. '36, hepan with mWall St. after spedy several ureh in theford 2 Thomas, L. p 72 Julia at 17 was "pert, strong minded, Vivacious, but included to be moody. "Like Sew, b 76 begreeded clerking when the words of Plato and Surtanices becaused. "The air of innote goodness that some radiated 78 socially, Loyfollow experienced over who he readed Ansurance 1836. 4 to May, 1837 the brebble of the resultance born forest, bash after bach failed Paric spread Ever Wards King was I copordayed new York State tattered on the edge f ingolerency. best Ring negotiated c Baringo bork endorsement 29 a loan 1,000,000 England Record gold + newyork was saved few acpudiation. "It weakened health f Ion 82 Ward, Sr. but the your San, in has fothers view, was injection to tube "meaning of system and Moderat on. "But in the offmg Wes his in pending marrigg 1/25/38170 Enily astor, "to when be in 1837 91 Fust child been 1/20/40, road mergaret. Still Wach for politics ,Saw bed little regard! interest urished more wovif In Then in puly of 1838, Uncle Herry Ward deid + her fortune tellto (+ house ot 23 Bond St. ) lert to wefe + there ory fon, Hery Hall word 3 San gone a paper Harach at th NYHes.Sec Balthe f Longbland 93 ESGW in attendence For he ad Somal Ward f Bond Street have be loutstill ace) endlessly confused "Lihe was "a correspondent of Barings for in London Rs bogs, they well schoolmetical So no, Lanffeller are then freat "But in respect to temperariat, taste, and experience the two "were antitheses, defferentiated by their freeds as 'the good SamWard (Boston) and the gay some Ward (New York " close were the her families although in no way related, at one time May Ward iv. was enjoyed to may Heny Ward, the New york Sam's brother." [ Notes author dor vat descuss the ways is whil they wen similar - wirth pursuing RR J. 95 for example the San was nown full patre in PNK, he still complained " "Hao toelsons is the guest for gold! Discubed selfs N 9L "packhouse -- compelle to forgo mesic." Sari neglect of duties grew Disappointly his patter whose condetridetis roated Deed nov 24, 4839. Santhu moved in to "the Garenel directorsley My PWK." What is date of Hearen's death? 4 An Feb 1841, a for was berr. With Ale month next 2 dags mother had dead of infection, There dap late mother -in-law deed Two weekslate , son too deid. With fofteen month for 98. lost be fathe, brother wife, xson. 100 Sam brother llown, & 3 sisters had "come into formidable wealth." 124 Julia + SGHONE, she was 22, he 40. Engeach annound in 1843, marry in 4/26/43. manage dood was not realyed below Hour refeend to sign a apeent that pleased Julia wealth in trust, a Tristers An end, uncountry her investments word b Sm remarks, medora, th family rendered paid to pelin divided @ the manage Burght he 136 to Boston where interactia c Tichners Summer, Longellar appletens, Late Julia completed it give SGH her income The SCA repected it. Bad relations ! 141 Some at odds c PWK. Wated to Herela's for quect returns, contray to conservator partner Cuftert King withdow. it set up separate book. that left - Preming Word of Co. in 1846. a failure- mouse UNCLE SAM WARD AND HIS CIRCLE BY MAUD HOWE ELLIOTT NEW YORK THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1938 From a portrait by von Vogelstein SAM, WITH ROVER, IN THE GOLDEN AGE CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. THE FAMILY CIRCLE 1 II. ROUND HILL SCHOOL: MASTERS AND PUPILS 14 III. COLUMBIA COLLEGE IN LITTLE OLD NEW YORK 30 IV. PARIS IN THE GOLDEN AGE: ARAGO, LISZT, OLE BULL 44 V. HEIDELBERG: A GERMAN BARON'S HOSPITALITY 68 VI. KING OF SAXONY. COUNT STROGANOFF. LONG- FELLOW 84 VII. ENGLAND: JOSHUA BATES. THE BARING BROTHERS 116 VIII. RETURN TO NEW YORK. MARRIAGE TO EMILY ASTOR 150 IX. THIRTY-TWO BOND STREET 171 X. LIFE AT NEWPORT; DEATH OF SAM'S FATHER 185 XI. THE ASHBURTON TREATY. MRS. BREVOORT'S BALL. THE LOCOFOCOS. DEATH OF SAM'S WIFE AND SON 200 XII. MARION WARD GOES TO NEW ORLEANS AND FIGHTS A DUEL 217 XIII. THE BOYS: HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW; CHARLES SUMNER; CORNELIUS C. FELTON; GEORGE S. HILLARD; SAMUEL GRIDLEY HOWE 238 XIV. MATRIMONIAL: JULIA MARRIES DR. HOWE; LONG- FELLOW MARRIES FANNY APPLETON; SAM WEDS MEDORA GRYMES 365 XV. LIFE AT CAPO DI MONTE. DEATH OF MARION IN NEW ORLEANS. FAILURE 393 XVI. THE GOLD RUSH: SAM AND THE McALLISTERS JOIN THE FORTY-NINERS 418 XVII. ADVENTURES IN MEXICO; MISSION TO PARAGUAY; WITH THACKERAY IN PARIS 435 xi CONTENTS PAGE THE LOBBY 455 ES TO ITALY TO SEE THE EMPEROR OF IL 496 ANDFATHER KNEW How TO GIVE PRESENTS 533 ILLUSTRATIONS HIPS: PRESIDENT GARFIELD, WILLIAM A. TS, THOMAS F. BAYARD 547 SEBERY AND THE MENDACIOUS CLUB Sam, with Rover, in the Golden Age Fro 580 CRAWFORD AND OSCAR WILDE 601 NEVOLENT DESPOT Governor Richard Ward 610 E LION OF THE LONDON SEASON Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Ward 639 THE END OF THE ROAD 671 Samuel Ward-Sam's Father LOGY 688 Julia Rush Cutler Ward 689 Henry, Sam, and Julia Ward "The Corner," Where Sam Lived as a Boy, at Bond Street an Broadway Sam's Diploma from the University of Tübingen The Fall River Boat "Massachusetts" Sam's Home on Bellevue Avenue, Newport Charles Sumner Taglioni Fanny Elssler in "La Tarentule" Longfellow Edouart Silhouettes Cornelius C. Felton Mrs. Samuel Ward (Medora Grymes) The Grymes House, Capo di Monte, Staten Island Rachel as Phèdre Ristori as Mary Stuart Dom Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil Sam Ward, 1874 Lord Rosebery Uncle Sam Ward xiii 208 UNCLE SAM WARD AND HIS CIRCLE UNCLE SAM WARD AND HIS CIRCLE 209 Mr. Kirk was a young Presbyterian clergyman to whom Julia had been ornamented with flowers the night my young wife slept was engaged for a short time. He was very unpopular with her there for the first time, ornamented with flowers when my father brothers. For those who remember her in later life these state- slept there for the last time, and ornamented with flowers this ments about her health seem incredible, for she had a magnificent sad night of October 2nd. constitution and during all of her ninety-one years was in perfect We are all desolate and heartbroken. The gold and silver health. chords of our lyre are broken. A new and devastating grief now darkened Sam's life in the In other respects I have no changes to report. I have not death of his brother Henry. Grandfather's and fäther's deaths yet decided whether I shall continue the lectures upon the Doc- were in the natural order. But a younger brother-that brought trine of Chances. At present I am much with my sisters who need mortality close. Had he been a little hard on Henry? A letter to constant attention. I generally visit them three times a day and his father about Henry at school, and a later one from Europe, pass either the afternoon or the evening in their society. Mrs. give that impression. Remorse, perhaps, was mixed with grief? Ward came to town on Saturday, in time to take leave of my dear That makes the bitterest sorrow of all. brother, and we shall not return to Hellgate. Hellgate was then a farm of many acres, located near what is S. W. TO C. F. M. now Eighty-eighth Street and Second Avenue. BOND STREET, Mercredi, 7 October, 1840 Henry's death, following SO closely on their father's, was a My dear friend, cruel blow to the young Wards. Now, when mourning is no The mourning border of this paper will announce to you the longer the fashion and the doctrine of cheerful oblivion of sad news of our young, beautiful and beloved Henry. Yes, my bereavement prevails SO widely, it is hard to realize the impor- dear, God has wished that we should count but five and death has tance then given to death. Today the accent is all on life! taken the most beautiful flower from our triste arbre, already sadly Julia, who at nineteen wished she had died with Henry, de- despoiled. clared when she was ninety: The evening of your departure my poor brother promised so "It is not my business to think about dying, but to think about well for the night that I, because of the rain, stayed at Hellgate, living!" where I had been for eight days. In the morning I hurried to the Henry's fiancée, Mary Ward, wore widow's weeds for several city, found the family at table, demanded gaily how he had spent years and until the end held him in close remembrance, Later she the night. Henry had died at 5 in the morning. married Charles H. Dorr, and became the social arbiter of Bos- o, mon Dieu, give us strength to bear this dreadful blow. ton's fashionable society. An intense, dramatic woman, full of He died of a fever in all the strength and vigor of his twenty- kind impulses and of some that were less kind. In her later two years. The next day we placed him beside my father in a tomb years she said to my sister Laura: "I have been reading that had already opened four times, to receive those dear to me, over your mother's old letters. They were very clever. I burned in the last four years. I stayed with the poor body the last them." night it passed on earth. He lay on the bed on which my poor Henry died in Julia's arms. All through her life she noted in father had breathed his last ten months before. It was our nuptial her Journal the anniversary of his death. "This day my dear bed in our wedding chamber. Sad bed, sad chamber. The bed brother Henry died." 214 UNCLE SAM WARD AND HIS CIRCLE UNCLE SAM WARD AND HIS CIRCLE 215 nurse who was said to be gifted with second sight. The woman too great to be reached by any of the common topics of consola- declared that she had heard three coffins fall. This was a portent tion and, therefore, I shall abstain from urging them. of three deaths in the family. The shadow cast by Henry's death upon Sam, the central sun in GEORGE TICKNOR TO S. W. the Ward solar system, was darkened to a total eclipse when his BOSTON, Feb 20, 1841. young wife Emily Astor Ward died shortly after the birth of a son. As if that were not sorrow enough Sam's firstborn son, We are much grieved for you, my dear friend. Sorrow has come Emily's little boy, soon followed his mother; and so the old nurse's upon you, unexpected, overwhelming, and though I can say noth- prophecy was fulfilled and three new coffins were placed in the ing that will sound to you like consolation now, still, even in the great vault at Greenwood where generations of Wards lie, await- extremity of our trouble it is not unwelcome to know that our ing the last trump. friends are sympathetic and suffer with us. The last eighteen In a letter from New Orleans, dated February 22nd, Marion months have brought with them an unusual amount of the trials refers to Sam's loss. The only other letters on the subject, except of affliction for you. Sam's to Longfellow, are from two Boston friends. As the family were inveterate correspondents, it seems probable that all letters Mr. Ticknor writes quite at length upon the needed lesson of concerning Emily, or written by her, were at some time seques- sorrow and then tells Sam to read the four chapters of St. John's trated from the rest of Sam's papers. Gospel beginning with the fourteenth. "I know not," he con- cludes, "where else in divine or human teachings such words can be found." C. C. FELTON TO S. W. Mrs. Ticknor adds some lines to her husband's letter: CAMBRIDGE, Feb. 20, 1841. My dear Ward, Let your thoughts as well as your heart follow your Angel to Day before yesterday I was much gratified to receive your letter heaven and you will feel a thought that is gained only by such announcing the birth of a son. Yesterday I went to Boston and communion. But, I take my pen simply to tell you how much my was going to mention the pleasant news to your friends, but I was heart is touched with grief for you, that I shall think of you con- inexpressibly shocked to hear from Sumner that a letter had just stantly and that I am, come in from his brother with the information of the sudden Affectionately your friend, death of Mrs. Ward. I shall not intrude upon your sorrow fur- ANNA TICKNOR. ther than to say that you have my deepest sympathies in your bereavement. In the three short years of his married life Sam touched the I had seen but little of Mrs. Ward, but her gentle, refined man- heights and depths of human experience. The gay and happy ner, her soft, low voice, that most excellent thing in woman, have bridegroom who led Emily Astor to the altar was a shining sword many times come back to my memory since my return from New of a man, fit and able to conquer the world. The pride and hope York. I saw enough of her to know that she was a woman in of his father, idol of his sisters and brothers, admiration and per- whom the best affections of an honorable and cultivated man haps envy of his friends, chosen lover of a lovely woman, his cup would be garnered up and that the affliction of her loss must be of happiness was full and running over. Then came the deepest GENEALOGY John Ward, an officer in Cromwell's Army, died Newport, Rhode Island, 1698. His son Thomas Ward, Deputy from Newport to General Assembly, was born in 1641, died in 1689, married (2nd time) Amy Smith, granddaughter of Roger Williams. Their son (Governor) Richard Ward of Rhode Island was born in 1689, died in 1763. His son (Governor) Samuel Ward of Rhode Island was born in 1725, died in 1796, married Anne Ray, lineal descendant of Roger Williams. Their sixth child was (Lieut. Col.) Samuel Ward, born in 1756, died in 1832. He married Phebe, daughter of Governor Greene of Rhode Island. Their fifth child, Samuel Ward (1786-1839), banker, of New York City, mar- ried Julia Rush Cutler. Their first child, Samuel Ward (Uncle Sam), born in 1814, died in 1884, married first Emily Astor, who had two children-Margaret Laura Astor Chanler = Lawrence G. White Beatrice Margaret Mary Charler = Pierre F. Allegaert Hester Marion Char Ward and a son (died in infancy) ; married secondly Medora b. Sept. 30, 1887 b. Aug. 21, 1891 m. Oct., 1923 b. Apr. 25, 1893 Grymes, who had two sons, Samuel Ward and Randolph Ward, both of whom died young. Frederick Lawrence Peter White Pierre F. Allegaert, Jr. Anthon b. Mar. 2. 1917 b. Dec. 23, 1924 b. M Elizabeth Stuyvesant White Beatrice Therese Allegaert Margar b. July 12, 1920 b. Oct. 31, 1927 Robert Winthrop White Winthrop John Allegaert Jane b. Sept. 19, 1921 b. Dec. 29, 1928 b. D Alida Mary White David b. Feb. 2. 1923 John Chanler White Marthe b. Apr. 25, 1925 Cynthia Margaret White b. Mar. 4, 1926 Sarah Matilda White b. Aug. 5, 1928 Ann Octavia White b. Mar. 30, 1932 688 NEW YORK HISTORY 37. #2 / 1956) Sholes and Glidden, brought to Philo by James Densmore, began in September 1873 but it was not introduced to the public until 1876 at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. Alden Hatch's book is the third major gun biography to ap- pear in the past three years. The others were Harold F. Wil- liamson's Winchester, the Gun That Won the West and William B. Edwards' The Story of Colt's Revolver which unfortunately, ended with Sam Colt's death in 1863 and left untold much of the story of Colt arms. The Hatch book, on the contrary, brings the history of Rem- ington products up to the present. It is enormously improved by the addition of forty-three pages illustrating Remington guns from the 1816 flintlock to the most modern bolt action handling the spectacular .222 cartridge. The book lacks an index and a bibliography but in other respects is excellent. Utica VICTOR N. MASON Three Saints and a Sinner: Julia Ward Howe, Louisa, Annie and Sam Ward. By LOUISE HALL THARP. (Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1956. Pp. 406. $5) When Broadway ended at Union Place and the Astor House was new, when water was peddled in barrels at a cent a gallon- Bond Street was one of the best-known streets in little old New York. By all odds the best-known family living on that fashion- able row a decade or two before the middle of the nineteenth century was the family of Samuel Ward, the banker. The Ward sisters, known to society as "the Three Graces of Bond Street"- Julia, Louisa and Annie-and their incorrigible brother Sam are the subjects of the present book. Julia, the eldest sister, was all flash and fire, with red hair and dazzling blue eyes that hinted at her irrespressible gaiety and wit. Her marriage to one of the most noted abolitionists and cru- saders for human freedom of that day, Samuel Gridley Howe, was not to make her staid or solemn. Indeed a time came when she conducted a daring crusade for the freedom of women, her- self included. And something else was to make the spirited Julia Ward Howe's name forever a part of American history. It was she who wrote The Battle Hymn of the Republic. Louisa, the second sister, was "the beautiful Miss Ward." She 458 BOOK REVIEWS was as dark as Julia was fair. Men constantly fell in love with Louisa, but it was the young sculptor, Thomas Crawford, who won her, after he followed her to New York from Rome. Their Roman "palazzo" was to become a haven for Americans abroad and several of Louisa's children became famous in their own right. With two such sisters, it would not have been surprising if Anne Eliza Ward, the youngest of the three, had remained "lit- tle Annie." Sweet and shy as she was, who could guess that she would marry a grandson of Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon's elder brother and former King of Spain, and would become mistress of the huge Bonaparte palace and estates at Bordentown, New Jersey. And then there was Sam. Sam inherited his father's talent for making money, but not his talent for keeping it. He was blessed with too great a sense of the joys of living. Sam Ward quickly went through the family estates, including those left in trust for his sisters. And, of course, Sam's sisters forgave him then and always. Besides, he soon made another fortune, as a Forty- niner in the California gold rush. After he lost that fortune, a third came his way, although with the title, "King of the Lob- byists," for he was the most notorious of professional intermedi- aries who dealt with a Congress that could be bought and the men who wanted to buy it. People said of Sam Ward that he was the only man capable of strutting when sitting. Ward McAllister, the famous arbiter of society who invented the Four Hundred, was his cousin, and Sam's first wife was an Astor. Sam was the most brilliant talker, the greatest wit of his day. He owned a superb library and an ex- cellent collection of pictures. If you offered him a glass of wine, he could identify after one sup its vintage and its year. Of all his feats perhaps none made Sam Ward more famous than his sponsorship of a young writer who arrived in America when Ward was already an old gentleman. This writer was an Irish- man born but he had risen to fame in London like that later Irishman, George Bernard Shaw. The young poet came to lecture at Americans, like many an- other English author. He came, too, with tremendous advance publicity. His appearance alone was extraordinary and he played it up by his costume. Sam Ward SO described him: "Long black hair hanging to the shoulders, brown eyes, a huge white face like a pale moon a white waistcoat, black coat and knee brit- 459 NEW YORK HISTORY ches, black silk stockings and shoes with buckles. Until he speaks, you think him as uncanny as a vampire." Crowds gaped at Ward's protege when he sauntered down Fifth Avenue carry- ing a walking stick in his lavender-gloved hand. The diners at Delemonico's rose to stare at him when he entered with a party. His lectures were sold out and his hotel suite deluged with flow- ers and invitations. This oddity was to go back to England and become involved in a notorious trial, to be sentenced and serve a prison term. He died a broken man. Yet he left several plays SO sharply witty that 1956 audiences still applaud them. For his name was Oscar Wilde. This is the delightful story that the author of the Peabody Sisters of Salem, Until Victory, Horace Mann and Mary Pea- body has told. New York City DOROTHY M. PLANTER Sickles the Incredible. By W. A. SWANBERG. (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1956. Pp. xiv, 433. $6.00) In February 1859 the pre-Civil War tension of official Wash- ington was relieved by a delicious scandal culminating in a sen- sational murder. The victim was Philip Barton Key, District At- torney for the District of Columbia, son of Francis Scott Key and known as the handsomest man in Washington. His murderer was no less notable, being Daniel Sickles, descendant of a notable New York family himself, a Tammany Democrat, New York Congressman and an intimate of President Buchanan. The mur- der inevitably was a triangle affair. The lady in the case was Sickles' wife, the former Teresa Bagioli, daughter of a noted musician. The "incredible" of Mr. Swanberg's title seems a mild sort of word when one considers Dan Sickles' exploits during his career of ninety-four years. He was born in New York City in 1819, a descendant of a Dutch family important in the town for six gen- erations and the son of a brilliant but erratic father whose for- tunes alternately soared and collapsed. The Sickles family had always been active in politics and young Dan, after a brief career as a Glens Falls printer, was soon elected to the New York State Assembly. It was there that he first showed another aspect of his 460 382 American Literature 30, 33 / 1958) THREE SAINTS AND A SINNER: Julia Ward Howe, Louisa, Annie and Sam Ward. By Louise Hall Tharp. Boston : Little, Brown and Company. 1956. X, 406 pp. $5.00. On April 26, 1843, a twenty-four-year-old, orphaned heiress named Julia Ward married Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe, eighteen years her senior. Among those present at the wedding, besides a notable triumvirate of Howe's friends-H. W. Longfellow, C. C. Felton, and Charles Sumner- were Julia Ward's elder brother Sam and her sisters, Louisa and Annie. In Three Saints and a Sinner, Louise Hall Tharp records the life- stories of these four members of the Ward family. That the personality of Julia Ward Howe dominates the narrative is probably not surprising. What may surprise the reader of this composite biography is the sustained interest with which the author invests her account of the less well remem- bered Wards. For, as Mrs. Tharp makes abundantly clear, not only Julia but her brother and sisters, in one way or another, came in contact with many of the forces, personal and social, that gave direction, color and vitality to nineteenth-century American life. To some readers, Sam Ward-the "sinner" of Mrs. Tharp's title-may often seem a more interesting person than his "saintly" sisters. Parts of his story have been told before, especially those having to do with his experiences in the Gold Rush and with his activities in the nation's capital -activities that earned him the title of "King of the Lobby." Mrs. Tharp does not neglect these aspects of Sam Ward's career. But she makes it possible for us to see them, perhaps for the first time, as episodes in the life of a man who had an enormous zest for human relationships, even when, as in both his marriages, they ended painfully or tragically. Of Sam Ward's sisters, Annie, the youngest, was also the gentlest, Louisa, the most beautiful, and Julia, the most talented. After her marriage to Adolph Maillard, grandson of the Joseph Bonaparte who had been king of Spain, Annie lived first on the Bonaparte estate at Bordentown, New Jersey, and, later, on a near-baronial ranch in Cali- fornia. Louisa's adult life, on the other hand, was spent mainly in Rome. Her first husband was Thomas Crawford, once-famous American sculp- tor; after Crawford's death, she married Luther Terry, a painter. One of her six children was F. Marion Crawford, the novelist. It was Julia Ward, however, for whom fame was indeed the spur and who became, long before her death in 1910 at the age of ninety-one, an American institution. Just before her marriage to Dr. Howe, Longfellow described her as a "fine, young, buxom damsel who is full of talent- indeed carrying almost too many guns for any man who does not want to be firing salutes all the time." Although Howe, whose mission in life, Book Reviews 383 Mrs. Tharp tells us, was "to change the world in which he lived," did his best to include the high-spirited Julia among his objects of reform, he was less successful with her than he was with, say, the cause of Grecian inde- pendence or the education of the blind. The marriage was in many re- spects happy, for Mrs. Howe adored her "Chevalier." But it was also considerably less idyllic than earlier biographers have suggested. On at least two occasions, Howe proposed a "final separation," and there were times when Mrs. Howe felt strongly that any further reforms should begin with "Chev" and not with herself. Mrs. Tharp not only presents a detailed, circumstantial account of the Howes' domestic life. She also looks closely at Mrs. Howe's contribu- tions to the women's club and women's suffrage movements, and at her literary career (about which Dr. Howe was not always enthusiastic), showing that the "Battle Hymn of the Republic" was not merely an accidental production of a momentarily inspired writer. Among her other writings were two volumes of verse and two plays, as well as num- erous articles and miscellaneous pieces. Through the pages of Three Saints and a Sinner move celebrities by the dozen. Besides those already mentioned, there are such figures as Holmes, Bryant, Halleck, Irving, Hawthorne, Margaret Fuller, Theodore Parker, Dickens, Thackeray, Horace Mann, and Abraham Lincoln, to say nothing of innumerable Wards and descendants of Wards. One could wish, in view of the extensive Ward relationship and the many children of her four protagonists, that Mrs. Tharp had included some kind of genealogical chart. This lack and occasional minor errors are nevertheless overshadowed by the general excellence of the book. Roosevelt University. KENDALL B. TAFT. THE SOUTH IN NORTHERN EYES 1831 TO 1861. By Howard R. Floan. Austin: University of Texas Press. 1958. xi, 198 pp. $3.95. Professor Floan has attempted here to reconstruct from the writings of literary figures the image of the South which existed in the North be- tween the founding of the Liberator and the opening of the Civil War. He divides his study into two parts "New England" and "New York," and in each section moves from the least friendly to the most friendly at- titudes. Thus in New England he examines Garrison, Wendell Phillips, Whittier, Lowell, Emerson, Thoreau, Longfellow, Holmes, and Haw- thorne. In New York he examines Irving, Paulding, Melville, Bryant, and Whitman. And he examines ideas of the South expressed in popular magazines in both regions. The conclusions Mr. Floan reaches are neither new nor surprising. OT MAO.I MO MOOR E. Laura Richards 112 WHEN I WAS YOUR AGE. Boston: Page Co., 1893 FULIA WARD. 113 weather Julia and her sisters went to school She could not have been older when she in thin slippers and white cotton stockings. You shiver at the bare thought of this, my heard a class reciting an Italian lesson, and girl readers! You look at your comfortable fell in love with the melodious language. leggings and overshoes (that is, if you live She listened, and listened again then got a in upper New England, or anywhere in the grammar and studied secretly, and one day handed to the astonished Italian teacher a same latitude), and wonder how the Ward children lived through such a course of letter correctly written in Italian, begging "hardening" But they did live, and Julia that she might join the class. seems now far younger and stronger than When I was speaking of the good aunt any of her children. who was a second mother to the Ward chil- School, which some children regard with dren, I meant to say a word of the stern but mingled feelings (or so I have been told), devoted father who was the principal figure was a delight to Julia. She grasped at in Julia's early life. She says of him He knowledge with both hands, - plucked it as was a majestic person, of somewhat severe a little child plucks flowers, with unweary- aspect and reserved manners, but with a vein ing enjoyment. Her teachers, like the "peo- of true geniality and a great benevolence ple in the case of the of heart." And she adds: "His great grav- ity, and the absence of a mother, raturally "Young lady whose eyes Were unique as to color and size," subdued the tone of the whole household; and though a greatly cherished set of chil- all turned aside, and started away in surprise, dren, we were not a very merry one." as this little red-haired girl went on learning Still, with all his gravity, Grandfather and learning and learning. At nine years old she was studying Paley's Moral Phi- Ward had his gleams of fun occasionally. losophy," with girls of sixteen and eighteen. It is told that Julia had a habit of dropping greatfith off her slippers while at table. One day her 8 OT MAO.I MO HOOS 114 WHEN I WAS YOUR AGE. JULIA WARD. 115 father felt a wandering shell of kid, with no nose, most pleasant to pull I fear I soiled foot to keep it steady. He put his own foot it sometimes with my little grimy fingers. I on it and moved it under his chair, then said trust children never do such naughty things in his deep, grave voice, "My daughter, will nowadays. you bring me my seals, which I have left on Then there was Great-grandfather Ward, the table in my room And poor Julia, Julia's grandfather, who had the cradle (1766-1833) Sanward after a vain and frantic hunting with both and the great round spectacles. Doubtless feet, was forced to go, crimson-cheeked, he had many other things besides, for he white-stockinged and slipperless, on the was a substantial New York merchant ; but required errand. She would never have the cradle and the spectacles are the only dreamed of asking for the shoe. She was possessions of his that I have seen. I have the eldest daughter, the companion and joy the cradle now, and I can testify that Great- of this sternly loving father. She always grandfather Ward (for I believe he was sat next him at table, and sometimes he rocked in it, as his descendants for four gen- would take her right hand in his left, and erations since have been) must have been hold it for many minutes together, continu- an extremely long baby. It is a fine old ing to eat his dinner with his right hand; affair, of solid mahogany, and was evidently while she would rather go dinnerless than built to last as long as the Wards should ask him to release her own fingers. last. Not so very long ago, two dear people ward Grandfather Ward ! It is a relief to con- who had been rocked together in that cradle Some fess our faults and it may be my duty to say fifty - or is it sixty ? - years ago, sat down that as soon as I could reach it on tiptoe, it and clasped hands over it, and wept for was my joy to pull the nose of his marble pure love and tenderness and leal souvenir. bust, which stood in the great dining-room Not less pleasant is its present use as the at Green Peace. It was a fine, smooth, long good ship " Pinafore," when six rosy, shout- OT MAOJ 116 WHEN I WAS YOUR AGE. ing children tumble into it and rock vio. get was of lently, singing with might and main,- " We sail the ocean blue, Great. Ward was And our saucy ship's a beauty !" That is all about the cradle. Sam My mother writes thus of Great-grand- father Ward, her own grandfather - " He had been a lieutenant-colonel in the war of American Independence. A letter from the Com- mander-in-Chief to Governor Samuel Ward (of Rhode Island) mentions a visit from " your son, a tall young man of soldierly aspect." I cannot quote the exact words. My grandfather had seen service in Arnold's march through the wilderness' to Quebec. He was present at the battle of Red Bank. After the close of the war he engaged in commercial pursuits, and made a voyage to India as supercargo of a merchant vessel belonging to Moses Brown, of Providence. He was in Paris at the time of the king's death (Louis XVI.), and for some time before that tragic event. He speaks in his journal of having met several of the leading revolutionists of that time at a friend's house, and LIEUT.-COL. SAMUEL WARD. characterizes them as exceeding plain men, but Born Nov. 17, 1756 Died Aug. 16, 1832. very zealous.' He passed the day of the king's execution, which he calls ' one of horror,' in Ver- sailles, and was grieved at the conduct of several MAO.I MO JULIA WARD. 119 Americans, who not only remained in town, but also attended the execution. When he finally left Paris, a proscribed nobleman, disguised as a foot- man, accompanied the carriage, and so cheated the guillotine of one expected victim. " Colonel Ward, as my grandfather was always called, was a graduate of Brown University, and a man of scholarly tastes. He possessed a diamond edition of Latin classics, which always went with him in his campaigns, and which is still preserved in the family. In matters of art he was not so well posted. Of the pictures in the gallery of the Lux- embourg he remarks in his diary: The old pic- tures are considered the best, I cannot think why.' "I remember him as very tall, stooping a little, with white hair and mild blue eyes, which matched well his composed speech and manners." I have called Great-grandfather Ward a merchant, but he was far more than that. The son of Governor Ward of Rhode Island, he was only eighteen when, as a gallant young captain, he marched his company to the siege of Boston; and then (as his grandson writes me to-day) he " marched through the wilderness of Maine, through snow and ice, barefoot, to Quebec." Some of my readers 120 WHEN I WAS YOUR AGE. JULIA WARD. 121 may possess an engraving of Trumbull's famous painting of the "Attack on Quebec." and went on banging; while grandpapa, who Look in the left-hand corner, and you will made no pretense of being a musician, offered no further comment or remonstrance. see a group of three,- - one of them a young, active figure with flashing eyes; that is Julia grew up a student and a dreamer. Great-grandfather Ward. He rose to be ma- She confesses to having been an extremely jor, then lieutenant-colonel; was at Peeks- absent person, and much of the time uncon- kill, Valley Forge, and Red Bank, and wrote scious of what passed around her. In the the official account of the last-named battle, large rooms of my father's house," she says, which may be found in Washington's corre- "I walked up and down, perpetually alone, spondence. Besides being a good man and dreaming of extraordinary things that I a brave soldier, he was a very good grand- should see and do. I now began to read father; and this made it all the more naughty Shakspere and Byron, and to try my hand for his granddaughter Julia to behave as she at poems and plays." She rejoices that none did one day. Being then a little child, she of the productions of this period were pub- sat down at the piano, placed a music-book lished, and adds: "I regard it as a piece of on the rack, and began to pound and thump great good fortune for a little praise or a little censure would have been a much more on the keys, making the hideous discord which seems always to afford pleasure to disturbing element in those days than in these." I wish these sentiments were more the young. Her grandfather was sitting by, book in hand; and after enduring the noise general with young writers. for some time patiently, he said in his kind, Still, life was not all study and dreaming. courtly way, " Is it SO set down in the book, There were sometimes merrymakings: wit- my dear? ness the gay ball after which Julia wrote to "Yes, Grandpapal" said naughty Julia, her brother, " I have been through the burn- ing fiery furnace; and I am Sad-rake, Me- 140 WHEN I WAS YOUR AGE. OUR MOTHER. 141 played the puppets. [Chev was the name by which she always called our father ; it was an ab- the Valley more than any other place on breviation of Chevalier, for he was always to her earth, I think; so it is always pleasant to the knight without reproach or fear.'] The effect fancy her there. Study formed always an was really extremely good. The spectators were important part of her life. It was her delight in a dark room, and the little theatre, lighted by a and recreation, when wearied with household lamp from the top, looked very pretty." cares, to plunge into German metaphysics, This may have been the play of " Beauty or into the works of the Latin poets, whom and the Beast," of which the manuscript is she greatly loved. She has told, in one of unhappily lost. I can recall but one passage: her own poems, how she used to sit under the apple-trees with her favorite poet, - " But he thought on 'Beauty's' flower, And he popped into a bower, " Here amid shadows, lovingly embracing, And he plucked the fairest rose Dropt from above by apple-trees unfruitful, That grew beneath his nose." With a chance scholar, caught and held to help me, Read I in Horace," etc. I remember the theatre well, and the pup- pets. They were quite unearthly in their But I do not think she had great need of the chance scholar." I remember the book beauty, - all except the "Beast," a strange, fur-covered monstrosity. The "Prince" was well, - two great brown volumes, morocco- bound, with "Horatius Ed. Orelli" on the gilded in a most enchanting manner, and his mustache curled with an expression of royal back. We naturally supposed this to be the pride. I have seen no other prince like him. writer's entire name; and to this day, ' All this was at Green Peace; but many as Quintus Horatius Flaccus' (though I have R.T are the associations with her beloved pres- nothing to say against its authenticity) does ence there, it is at the Valley that I most not seem to me as real a name as "Horatius Ed. Orelli." constantly picture our mother. She loved Our mother's books, - alas that we should 142 WHEN I WAS YOUR AGE. OUR MOTHER. 143 have been SO familiar with the outside of that was very good for us ; but our mother's them, and have known SO little of the inside ! kiss made it easier to jump up. There was Tacitus, who was high-shouldered Horace could be brought out under the and pleasant to handle, being bound in apple-trees; even Kant and Spinoza some- smooth brown calf. There was Kant, who times came there, though I doubt whether could not spell his own name (we thought they enjoyed the fresh air. But our mother it ought to begin with a C!). There was had other work besides study, and many of Spinoza, whom we fancied a hunchback, her most precious hours were spent each day with a long, thin, vibrating nose. (" What's at the little black table in her own room, in a name?" A great deal, dear Juliet, I where papers lay heaped like snowdrifts. assure you.) Fichte had a sneezing sort of Here she wrote the beautiful poems, the face, with the nose all "squinnied up," as we brilliant essays, the earnest and thoughtful used to say and as for Hilpert, who wrote addresses, which have given pleasure and the great German dictionary, there can be help and comfort to so many people through- no reasonable doubt that he was a cripple out the length and breadth of the land. and went on crutches, though I have no Many of her words have become household authority to give for the fact beyond the sayings which we could not spare; but there resemblance of his name to the Scotch verb is one poem which every child knows, at "hirple," meaning " to hobble." whose opening line every heart, from youth Very, very much our mother loved her to age, must thrill, - The Battle Hymn of books. Yet how quickly were they laid the Republic." Thirty years have passed aside when any head was bumped, any knee since this noble poem was written. It came scratched, any finger cut! When we tumbled in that first year of the war, like the sound down and hurt ourselves, our father always of a silver trumpet, like the flash of a lifted cried, "Jump up and take another !" and sword; and all men felt that this was the 206 WHEN I WAS YOUR AGE. OUR GUESTS. 207 ever was seen, telling her what Maud had was one whom we loved more than all others said. put together. Marked with a white stone Again, there was a certain acquaintance was the happy day which brought the won- long since dead- who was in the habit derful uncle, the fairy godfather, the reali- of making interminable calls at Green Peace, zation of all that is delightful in man, to Uncle Ward, and who would talk by the hour together Green Peace or the Valley. Uncle Sam without pausing. Our parents were often Sun Ward - uncle by adoption to half the young wearied by this gentleman's conversational people he knew, but our very own uncle, our powers, and one of them (let this be a mother's beloved brother. We might have warning to young and old) chanced one said to him, with Shelley, / day to speak of him in Maud's hearing as great bore." This was enough ! The " Rarely, rarely comest thou, next time the unlucky talker appeared, the Spirit of delight !" child ran up to him, and greeted him cor- dially with, " How do you do, bore ? Oh, for he was a busy man, and Washington was you great bore ! A quick-witted friend a long way off; but when he did come, as who was in the room instantly asked Mr. I said, it was a golden day. We fairly S smothered him, - each child wanting to sit if he had seen the copy of Snyder's " Boar Hunt" which our father had lately on his knee, to see his great watch, and the bought, thinking it better that he should wonderful sapphire that he always wore on fancy himself addressed as a beast of the his little finger. Then he must sing for us ; forest th an as Borus humanus; but he kept and he would sing the old Studenten Lieder his own counsel, and we never knew what he in his full, joyous voice; but he must always wind up with " Balzoroschko Schnego" (at really thought of Maud's greeting. least that is what it sounded like), a certain But of all visitors at either house, there Polish drinking-song, in which he sneezed 208 WHEN I WAS YOUR AGE. OUR GUESTS. 209 and yodeled, and did all kinds of wonderful summer morning at the Valley, by the sound things. of a voice singing outside, - will never for- Then would come an hour of quiet talk get creeping to the window and peeping out with our mother, when we knew enough to through the blinds. There on the door-step be silent and listen, - feeling, perhaps, rather stood the fairy uncle, with a great basket of than realizing that it was not a common peaches beside him; and he was singing the privilege to listen to such talk. lovely old French song, which has always No matter how much I may differ from since then seemed to me to belong to him: Sam Ward in principles or opinion," said Charles Sumner once, "when I have been Noble Châtelaine, Voyez notre peine, with him five minutes, I forget everything Et dans vos domaines except that he is the most delightful man Rendez charité! in the world." Voyez le disgrace Qui nous menace, Again (but this was the least part of the Et donnez, par grace, pleasure), he never came empty-handed. L'hospitalité! Now it was a basket of wonderful peaches, Toi que je révère, Entends ma prière. which he thought might rival ours; now o Dieu tutelaire, a gold bracelet for a niece's wrist; now a Viens dans ta bonté, beautiful book, or a pretty dress-pattern that Pour sauver l'innocence, Et que ta puissance had caught his eye in some shop-window. Un jour recompense Now he came direct from South America, L'hospitalité!' bringing for our mother a silver pitcher There is no sweeter song. And do you which he had won as a prize at a shooting- think we did not tumble into our clothes match in Paraguay. One of us will never and rush down, in wrappers, in petticoats, forget being waked in the gray dawn of a in whatever gown could be most quickly put 14 210 WHEN I WAS YOUR AGE. on, and unbar the door, and bring the dear Selections from wanderer in, with joyful cries, with laughter. L. C. Page & Company's almost with tears of pure pleasure? Ah, that was "long ago and long ago;" Books for Young People and now the kind uncle, the great heart that overflowed with love and charity and good- THE BLUE BONNET SERIES will to all human kind, has passed through Each large 12mo, cloth decorative, illustrated, per volume $ 2.00 another door, and will not return Be sure The seven volumes, boxed as a set 14.00 that on knocking at that white portal, he A TEXAS BLUE BONNET found hospitality within. By CAROLINE E. JACOBS. BLUE BONNET'S RANCH PARTY And now it is time that these rambling By CAROLINE E. JACOBS AND EDYTH ELLERBECK READ. notes should draw to a close. There are BLUE BONNET IN BOSTON many things that I might still speak of. By CAROLINE E. JACOBS AND LELA HORN RICHARDS. But, after all, long ago is long ago, and BLUE BONNET KEEPS HOUSE these glimpses of our happy childhood must By CAROLINE E. JACOBS AND LELA HORN RICHARDS. necessarily be fragmentary and brief. I BLUE BONNET- DEBUTANTE By LELA HORN RICHARDS. trust they may have given pleasure to some children. I wish all childhood might be as BLUE BONNET OF THE SEVEN STARS By LELA HORN RICHARDS. bright, as happy, as free from care or sorrow, BLUE BONNET'S FAMILY as was ours. By LELA HORN RICHARDS. "Blue Bonnet has the very finest kind of wholesome, honest, lively girlishness and cannot but make friends THE END. with every one who meets her through these books about her."-Chicago Inter-Ocean. "Blue Bonnet and her companions are real girls, the kind that one would like to have in one's home."-New York Sun. LIVES OF AMERICAN MERCHANTS BY FREEMAN HUNT TWO VOLUMES I [1856] K REPRINTS OF ECONOMIC CLASSICS AUGUSTUS M. KELLEY . PUBLISHERS NEW YORK 1969 LAMSON LIBRARY PLYMOUTH STATE COLLEGE PLYMOUTH. N. H. 03264 294 LIVES OF AMERICAN MERCHANTS. in molasses, rice, and sugar, if the price of that produce is very low, adding that the whole will depend on the success in selling the small Liverpool cargo. The consignees of said cargo should follow the same line of conduct, and if properly attended to by yourself and them, I and convinced SAMUEL WARD. that the cargo of coffee can be purchased ten per cent. cheaper than it would be, if it is publicly known there is a THE record of a good man's life, while it soothes the quantity of Spanish dollars on board, besides a valuable affections of all who loved and survive him, has the higher cargo of British goods intended to be invested in coffee, for merit of encouraging the struggles and sustaining the vir- Stephen Girard, of Philadelphia. tue of those who, entering upon life with no other reliance During my long commercial experience, I have noticed than their own strong arms, and resolute hearts, and honest that no advantage results from telling one's business to principles, are cheered on their way by the example of suc- others, except to create jealousy or competitors when we cess achieved and high character established, under like are fortunate, and to gratify our enemies when otherwise. circumstances, by others. If my remarks are correct, I have no doubt they will It is a brief record of this sort, and not a eulogy, that is show you the necessity of being silent, and to attend with here attempted of the late SAMUEL WARD. The pompous activity, perseverance, and modesty, to the interests of your funeral orations which commemorate the death of the great employer. ones of the earth, too often, by the very exaggeration of As my letters of instruction embrace several interesting their praise, mark a painful contrast between the actions objects, I request you to peruse them in rotation, when at of the man, and the votive offerings that decorate his tomb. sea in fine climates, during your voyage to Batavia-and to The reader, while his taste is gratified by splendid perora- take correct extracts, SO as to render yourself master of the tions, and his imagination is excited by brilliantly drawn most essential parts. I conclude by directing your atten- pictures, yet feels his moral sense shocked at the discovery, tion to your health and that of your crew. I am yours that flattery stops not even at the grave; and although it respectfully, STEPHEN GIRARD. can not " soothe the dull, cold ear of death," that it yet finds profit in ministering to the vanity of the living. Ours is a humbler and more honest task-that of sat- isfying the feelings of private friendship, while we adhere to the impartiality of unadorned narrative. Mr. Ward was a native of Rhode Island, and sprang from a race illustrious in the annals of that renowned com- monwealth. The founder of the family, Thomas Ward, of Gloucester, England, was a soldier in the armies of Crom- well, who, after the accession of Charles II., in 1660, retired to this country, and settled at Newport, Rhode Island. He 296 LIVES OF AMERICAN MERCHANTS. SAMUEL WARD. 297 married Amey Smith, a grand-daughter of Roger Williams, twenty-two, he was taken into partnership by Mr. Prime; and left an only son, Richard, who was subsequently gov- and from that time till the period of his death, lie continued ernor of Rhode Island. His sons, Thomas and Henry, were an active and influential man of business. successively secretaries of the plantation for half a century, Money was the commodity in which Mr. Ward dealt; and his son Samuel was governor thereof for several years. and if, as is hardly to be disputed, money be the root of all Samuel was also it member of the Continental Congress evil, it is also, in hands that know how to use it worthily, from 1774 to March 1776, when he died at Philadelphia. the instrument of much good. There exists, undoubtedly, Of this gentleman, old John Adams, a member of the same in regard to the trade in money, and respecting those en- congress, thus wrote: "He was a gentleman in his manners, gaged in it, many and absurd prejudices, inherited in part benevolent and amiable in his disposition, and as decided, from ancient error, and fomented and kept alive by the ardent, and uniform in his patriotism as any member of that jealousies of ignorance and indigence. It is, therefore, no congress. When he was seized with the small-pox, he said, small triumph to have lived down, as Mr. Ward did, this that if his vote and voice were necessary to support the prejudice, and to have forced upon the community in the cause of his country, he should live; if not. he should die. midst of which he resided, and upon all brought into con- He died, and the cause of his country was supported but nection with him, the conviction that commerce in money, it lost one of its most sincere and punctual advocates. IIc like commerce in general, is, to a lofty spirit, lofty and en- was an ingenious man, and well-informed." nobling; and is valued more for the power it confers, of Samuel, the son of this gentleman, and the father of the promoting liberal and beneficent enterprises, and of con- subject of our notice, early took part with his country ducing to the welfare and prosperity of society, than for against the oppression of England. At the breaking out of the means of individual and selfish gratification or indul- genee. the Revolutionary War he commanded a company, and was one of those who made the perilous march with Ar- The incidents of such a career as that of Mr. Ward are nold, through the unbroken forests of New England, to necessarily few; and as he was of remarkably unobtrusive Quebec. IIe was subsequently a lieutenant colonel in the disposition, though of great firmness of purpose and well- Rhode Island line, and served with distinction throughout settled notions of duty, the impress of his character upon the war. IIe was a gentleman and a scholar, and passed those around and in contact with him, though sure and sal- through a long life with unblemished reputation. utary, was yet silent and gradual. Samuel Ward, his son, was born 1st May, 1786, soon Mr. Ward was married to Miss Cutler, in October, 1812 after which the family, in 1790, removed to New York. A -a lady of great beauty and fine understanding. The narrow income and a large family prevented the father years of his married life, though few and fleeting, were from gratifying the wish, early expressed by his son, for a bright and joyous. A liberal and elegant hospitality pre- collegiate education; and therefore, at the age of fourteen, sided over his household, while the domestic hearth was having received only the ordinary instruction of an English gladdened with the merry voices of the children of their marriage. school, he entered as a clerk in that banking-hous of which he eventually became the head. In 1808, at the age of In the year 1824, death took from him the wife of his 298 LIVES OF AMERICAN MERCHANTS. SAMUEL WARD. 299 affections, leaving him with the charge of a family of three particularly near to his heart, the rather that he himself sons and three daughters. A filiction, like adversity, tries and proves the character. had been balked in his favorite wish of obtaining such an Mr. Ward, stunned for a while by the blow which had education. This loss was, to the day of his death, a source scattered, in an instant, his dreams of human happiness, of regret to him, although assiduous self-culture and much soon recovered the tone of his mind, by looking to that reading, in the intervals of a very busy life, had, in the religion which heretofore, perhaps, had occupied too small estimation of others, left him little to regret on this point. a portion of his thoughts, and which alone can adequately He therefore followed up, with ardor, the plan of the univer- console the broken heart. sity, took part in the proceedings of the literary convention IIe roused himself to his duties as a father, as a member which, in 1830-1, was held in New York, and over which of society, and, above all, as a Christian; and after the John Q. Adams presided-having for its object inquiries lapse of a few years, he became zealous and active in his into the state of education among us, and as to the best efforts to advance the objects of various literary institutions modes of advancing it; and he persevered until the New and associations for promoting the growth of morality and York University was established. About the year 1831, Mr. Ward turned his attention religion. In 1828, the Historical Society-which, though early more especially to the moral and religious condition of the founded, had struggled along through a precarious exist- poorer classes of the city of New York, and entered warmly ence, and without other local habitation than such as the into the efforts then making in behalf of the cause of tem- indulgence of the corporation of the city allowed it, in the perance, SO intimately connected with morality; and in behalf of mission churches in those parts of the city where building known as the old Alms-House--was, in the progress of the city's growth, which required the application to city there was most need of, and least opportunity for, religious instruction. purposes of all their buildings, turned out of doors. Mr. Ward immediately interested himself, earnestly and suc- Of the City Temperance Society, which was then formed, cessfully, in procuring for it, and its already valuable col- he became the president, and SO continued until the day of lection, a safe and convenient retreat, in the new building his death, directing its operations with the well-known en- then just erected by Mr. Peter Remsen, on the corner of ergy of his character; but, at the same time, with the dis- cretion and forbearance that could alone conciliate friends Broadway and Chambers-street. In 1830, in connection with Albert Gallatin, Rev. Drs. to this new and most beneficent reform. It is mainly Wainwright, Matthews, and others, Mr. Ward was exceed- owing to the good sense and sound judgment which Mr. ingly active in founding the New York University, toward Ward exhibited in this situation, resisting. the extreme de- which he himself subscribed two thousand five hundred mand of total abstinence, and the more injurious pretension dollars, and was mainly instrumental in inducing other to interfere with the divine institution of the Eucharist, that the New York City Temperance Society has maintained large subscriptions. The subject of sound and liberal education, to be placed its ground unshaken amid the perils resulting from ultra and unpopular doctrines. In addition to his personal ser- within the reach of all, or as nearly SO as possible, was one vices, Mr. Ward's pecuniary contributions to this society SAMUEL WARD. 301 300 LIVES OF AMERICAN MERCHANTS. Without neglecting any former objects, he extended the were from three hundred to five hundred dollars per field of his labors and benefactions. He took a lively in- annum. terest in Kenyon College, Ohio, of which Bishop Mellvaine The establishment of the Mission Church, in Vandewater- had recently become president; he made a donation to it street, New York, the first in connection with the Protestant Episcopal Church, attested his efficiency in this cause. It of one thousand dollars, and loaned it a very large sum be- was upon his indication and recommendation that the Rev. sides on the security of its lands. He also gave liberally to Bishop Kemper for his college, and to Bishop Smith, of B. C. Cutler (his brother-in-law) was brought from Quiney, the diocese of Kentucky, for the spiritual wants of the West. Massachusetts, to take charge of this free church and the success with which he ministered there, until called to a His money, however, as before remarked, was perhaps the least valuable part of his services; for he took a personal sphere of wider usefulness, in Brooklyn, amply justified the interest in all these subjects, consulted about and contrived choice. Mr. Ward's contributions in money, large as they were, to this object, and large as were the sums which he means for advancing them, enlisted the active support of many, and the sympathy of all, in their behalf, and thus prevailed upon others to give, were hardly more important literally went about doing good. than his punctual and diligent personal attendance, once or In 1836 Mr. Ward, in conjunction with other public- twice weekly, at the meetings held to advance the interests spirited individuals, founded the Stuyvesant Institute, and of this evangelical undertaking. It was about 1831, that, after years of self-examination erected the fine edifice bearing that name in Broadway which, it was fondly hoped, like the Atheneum in Boston, and study and meditation, he determined to join the church. might become a center for literature, art, and science, in From the period of Mrs. Ward's death, his mind had been turned to this result but he was too conscientious to act in the upper part of our wide-spreading city. The political and financial reverses that soon followed defeated, at least SO grave a matter, without due preparation and certain con- for the present, this expectation, and annihilated for Mr. victions. Having at last arrived at his own conclusions, Ward the large sum of four thousand dollars he had con- which, because adopted with caution, were rarely indeed altered, he took the final pledge; and he lived up to it, SO tributed to this enterprise. After years, however, may yet realize the benefits which he and his associates meditated far as fallible human judgment may decide, for the remain- for their day and generation, and the noble fabric still der of his days. Among the aids to which he was indebted stands, and long may it stand, a monument to the liberal for a right decision, on this inomentous subject, was Butler's spirit of its founders. Analogy of Revealed Religion and Mr. Ward would With very clear and decided notions on political sub- sometimes dwell with emphasis upon the satisfaction with jeets, Mr. Ward had yet kept himself-as was, indeed, un- which, after repeated trials, and a good deal of intense til 1834, the case with very many of the leading and active study, he finally mastered that most powerful, consistent, commercial men in New York-free from party strife. As and logical treatise upon Christianity. an American, he felt bound to take an interest in the elec- The prosperity which rewarded his labors as a man of tions, as they recurred, and never omitted to fulfill the business seemed only to impose on him the desire, as it obligation of voting; but in the mere scramble for office, afforded the means, of being more extensively useful. 302 LIVES OF AMERICAN MERCHANTS. SAMUEL WARD. 303 the contest between the ins and the outs, he neither felt nor correct reasoners was enlarged, until, carly in the year 1838, feigned any concern. the sentiment that the banks could and should return to The winter of 1836-7 was one that called forth, in the specie payments became more and more irresistible. Op- highest degree, the exercise of Mr. Ward's principles as a position from elsewhere only induced greater efforts on the commercial man, proud of the great city with whose growth part of Mr. Ward, and those who shared his counsels and his own was identified, and whose honor was to him dear coincided in his views, to sustain the confidence of the New as his own. Long and strenuously he strove to avert the York institutions in their ability to carry out their honest financial crisis then impending, declaring himself ready to purposes. After these banks had announced their determi- put all his own earnings at hazard, rather than witness the nation to resume within a year from the day of suspension, dishonor of the banks of New York. Individual effort, how- Mr. Ward was active in organizing the public meeting ever, was vain, and the 10th of May saw all the banks r'e- which pledged the merchants and traders to stand by the duced to suspend specie payments; and upon no man did banks. They did resume; and, as Mr. Ward had again that disastrous day close with deeper mortification than and again predicted, specie, instead of being drawn from, upon the subject of this notice. Personally, and in his flowed into the banks. All difficulties were overcome, and business relations, this event affected Mr. Ward as little the path of honor and duty was once more entered upon by possibly as any one at all connected with affairs; but, in those institutions. Mr. Ward, overwrought as he had been his estimation, it vitally wounded the commercial honor by the almost exclusive charge of the extensive business of and character of the city of New York. He was not, how- the house--his partner, Mr. King, being in Europe-and by ever, a man to waste in unavailing regrets hours that might his great efforts out of doors, in bringing back specie pay- be more advantageously employed to repair the evil, and ments, fell sick. It was on a bed of suffering that he first he therefore at once set about the arrangement of measures received from his partner, in London, the gratifying intelli- for inducing and enabling the banks to resume at the ear- gence that the Bank of England, influenced by a wise and liest possible moment. The public mind was far from provident desire to restore the currency of our country, so sound on this topic; the business of banking had been intimately connected in business with Great Britain, had made a sort of mystery, and ideal difficulties, and inter- determined to confide to their house for that purpose a loan ested objections, and timid anticipations, were again and of nearly five millions of dollars, in gold. This extraordi- again the sole replies to the direct and manly suggestions nary mark of confidence, this well-carned tribute to the of common sense, honesty, interest, and duty, which Mr. prudence and integrity of the house, Mr. Ward did not Ward, from day to day, in season and out of season, in the affect to undervalue; and confirming, as it did, the saga- street, in his office, and in bank-parlors, iterated and reiter- city of his own views, and the results which be had SO con- ated about the absolute necessity and certain practicability fidently foretold, it was not lost upon the community in the of an carly resumption. So much earnestness, however, midst of which he lived. backed by SO much good sense and untiring perseverance, It was shortly after this period, that the law of the State could not fail to obtain a hearing, and gradually to make of New York was passed permitting private associations or proselytes. Little by little the circle of sound thinkers and individuals to transact the business of banking. Mr. Ward 304 LIVES OF AMERICAN MERCHANTS. SAMUEL WARD. 305 conceived this to be a good occasion for establishing a bank on what, from long experience, he deemed to be sound In July of 1839, feeble and emaciated, he made his ac- principles ; and the result of his cogitations and consul- customed summer visit to Newport, but not with the tations, frequent, though not with many persons, was the accustomed result of renovated strength and spirits; the establishment of the Bank of Commerce, which, in its con- recuperative powers of the system seemed exhausted, while, stitution and by-laws, may, it is believed, be truly described from the critical condition of the commercial and financial as presenting a model bank. affairs of the country, he, from his connection with the The health of Mr. Ward, which had undergone several Bank of "Commerce, was not allowed the respite from busi- violent shocks from the painful and exhausting disease of ness, which, at Newport, he had hitherto been wont to inflammatory gout, began to give way under the severe enjoy. He kept up an active daily correspondence with trials and constant fatigues to which he exposed himself; the bank, took a lively interest in all its transactions, and when, therefore, on the declension of Mr. Gallatin, by and when, in October, the banks of Pennsylvania, and of reason of advanced age, to accept the presidency of the the States south thereof, suspended specie payments, and Bank of Commerce, the station was pressed upon him, clamors almost amounting to menace were heard against both his shattered constitution and the unaffected diffidence the declared purpose of New York banks to maintain at all which instinctively held him back from accepting promi- hazard their payments, Mr. Ward hurried back, valetudi- nent station, combined to urge him to refuse. But when narian as he was, to the city; threw himself at once into he was solicited with increased earnestness to accept the the conflict, sustained, encouraged, and convinced the timid post, and appeals were made to his sense of duty, he and the doubting, replying with truth and energy to a yielded his consent to take the helm, until the new bank friend who admonished him of the peril to his exhausted should be fairly afloat, and under full and successful head- frame of such exertions, that " he would esteem life itself way, stipulating, with that rare disinterestedness that en- not unworthily sacrificed, if, by word or deed, he could aid tered SO largely into his character, not to receive any the banks in adhering faithfully to their duty." For nearly compensation for his services. Unhappily, the rooms in two weeks he gave up his time, thoughts, and labor to this the new Exchange, in which the business of the bank was object; and when, at last, he saw that it was accomplished, transacted, were yet damp from recent plastering, and two and that the honor and fair fame of the much-loved city in successive attacks of his ancient malady were thereby in- which, and with which, he had grown from boyhood to duced in the spring of 1839, which, by their severity and mature age, were to be inviolably maintained, he went rapid succession, fatally undermined his health. But he yet home to die. It was literally so: the bed which received struggled against disease and debility, giving all the energy him after the accomplishment of this his last labor, he never of a mind that soared above the influence of bodily suffer- again left alive. ing, to perfect and consolidate an institution, by the endur- Enduring pain without a murmur-patient, gentle, hum- ing, just, and beneficent operations of which lie might ble, and resigned-looking death steadfastly in the face, as reasonably hope to be remembered in after years among one whose features he had accustomed himself to contem- men. plate-leaning for support upon the Rock of Ages-con- soled by the memories of a well-spent life-at peace with 306 LIVES OF AMERICAN MERCHANTS. himself and with the world--he expired in the midst of his family and friends, on the 27th of November, 1839. In his personal intercourse with the world, Mr. Ward was direct, almost to abruptness. Sincere and decided in his own views, he was impatient of circumlocution and indeci- sion in others. He was a stickler for punctuality, not only MATHEW CAREY. as an act of politeness, but as economizing what he deemed a precious possession-time. THE characters of great and good men belong to man- Having early proposed to himself a particular aim in kind and there is no duty more pleasant or useful, than life, he never lost sight of it until success crowned his that which seeks the recognition of their virtues, and stimu- efforts. Of this singleness of purpose and unwavering de- lates in after life to the imitation of their example. termination, this ancedote is told by an elderly lady, still Few men have ever won a larger space in the public living: that upon her questioning him, while yet a lad, as regards than Mathew Carey; and what constitutes that fact to what he meant to be, his immediate reply was, "I mean one of peculiar gratification to those who knew him best, to be one of the first bankers in the United States." few indeed were ever more deserving of public esteem. In the intercourse with his family and friends, he was There is, then, an agreeable service that we may render eminently confiding, generous, and tender. As son, brother, unto ourselves, in studying aright, if possible, the points of parent, and friend, he was not irreproachable merely, but his character which went to make him what he was. admirable; and in all the relations of life, he exemplified Mr. Carey was born in Ireland, on the 28th of January, and adorted the character of a good citizen, a humble 1760. His father was a very worthy man, and by the Christian, and an honest man. prudent exercise of his trade, that of a baker, amassed a If we have not wholly failed in our sketch of such as handsome fortune. In early life, he was not remarkable character, it will not be without its moral and encourage- for any extraordinary exhibition of his intellectual powers ment for others. and his education, previous to his reaching the age of fifteen, was mostly confined to the branches of a common English course. When, at that age, it became necessary to select x trade, his own inclination was decidedly in favor of that of a printer; and though he says his father was very much opposed to that avocation, he was finally able to overcome the aversion, and went as an apprentice to a Vide an Autobiographical Sketch, which he prepared not many years since, at the suggestion of a gentleman (Mr. Buckingham) who, like Mr. Carey, was the architect of his own faine, of the facts of which free use will be made in this sketch. Bil Wards and Cutlers N2 1/07 X around for soldiers. Here also vessels of every sort could be seen, from the Liverpool packets, which now made regular runs across the Atlantic, to the little market craft that sailed up and down Wards and Cutlers the coast and along the inland waterways. places The view from the Battery had not always been SO full of Having words ward 44 88 activity. Only a few years earlier the War of 1812 had brought shipping in New York Harbor almost to a standstill. Vessels fütred at their moorings, while bankers and merchants fretted in their countinghouses. By 1821, however, the hardships of war -may 1845 were all but forgotten and merchants could proudly boast that the I was born 'neath a clouded star value of New York's trade had greatly surpassed that of its prin- More in shadow than light have grown; cipal rivals, Boston and Philadelphia. Loving souls are not like trees The population of the bustling little city was growing as fast That strongest and stateliest shoot alone. - Julia Ward Howe, "Salutory" its wealth. In the early 1820's nearly ten thousand people a year were coming to New York to seek their fortunes. The great majority of these newcomers settled in the already overcrowded lia Ward Howe's earliest recollections were of a tall brick tenements of the Lower East Side. Here, with little or no sanita- facing Bowling Green, the oldest city park on Manhattan tion, often living in converted warehouses or shacks, the poor Her father, Samuel Ward, a partner in the banking offices crowded together in windowless rooms, while to the north and ne & Ward, had bought one of the seven lots facing the west of them the well-to-do occupied the handsome houses west in 1821, when Julia, the third child and only daughter, in of Broadway or those around Gramercy Park and Union Square. vas then a family of four, was a year and a half old. Six Citizens of more modest means lived east of Broadway below were erected on the plot of land where first a fort and later Fifteenth Street in a section containing solid rows of dwellings vernment House had stood. The Wards' was in the middle and shops, some of brick and others of wood. Here lived the hort block with two nearly identical dwellings flanking it. skilled factory workers, the owners of small shops, and the clerks were narrow and deep, with four stories and a view from and bookkeepers employed by the wealthy merchants and bankers :k windows of the Battery and the harbor beyond. From of the city, nt one looked northward across the Green and up Broad- No matter where one lived in New York then, the noise and en the most fashionable avenue in the city. By the end of buscle were overpowering. A visitor in 1824 described the "ever- he four little Wards, their parents and various servants lasting clatter of carriage wheels the stunning clamour of ole to move into Number 5 Bowling Green, where the ten thousand side-mouthed bells, scavengers and travelling n divided their time between the nursery on the top floor hucksters, re-echoing from corner to corner. 1 Buildings were ttery Park. The Battery had served the city of New York constantly being torn down and others put up in their places. In ne Revolution as a playground, village green and parade 1824 alone more than sixteen hundred dwellings of various sorts 6 7 Wards and Cutlers Wards and Cutlers ar as were built, extending the city limits north along Broadway. New was first married at the age of sixteen and moved to Georgetown, York was not only noisy but dirty. Rubbish and dust filled the where she was left a widow four years later. Her second husband, streets and as late as 1842, Charles Dickens noted with disgust Benjamin Clarke Cutler, whom she married in 1791, has been the large number of swine, gaunt, unwholesome-looking scaven- described as a "genial handsome man much given to hospital- gers, that wandered the streets. 2 key," But when he died in 1810, he left his widow with five Julia Ward and her brothers and sisters were undoubtedly children, an old drafty house in Jamaica Plain and the promise of shielded from the uglier aspects of city life. Twice a day on fine various legacies, but little money for immediate needs. Sarah days they and their nurse took a walk in Battery Park and joined Cutler, whose chief talents were a lovely voice and a passion for the other children with their balls and skipping ropes. Their literature, found poverty difficult, but with the help of various mother would often sit in the parlor window of the house and relatives she managed somehow. watch them, loving, as she said, the sight of the "lively groups of Of the three Cutler girls, Julia was apparently the best children and their nurses taking their daily promenade. 3 Mrs. educated. At the age of six she had been sent down to New York Ward would rarely join her children on their walks, for every to attend Mrs. Isabella Graham's school on Bowling Green, right spring since her marriage in 1812 she had been subject to flare- across the park from where she later lived as a married woman. ups of tuberculosis and forced to spend much of her time in bed She must have been the youngest or one of the youngest pupils in or in one of the parlors downstairs. the school, for she slept in the same bed with "Grandmamma," as By 1821, the year the Wards moved into the house on the called Mrs. Graham, and her particular playmates were Mrs. Bowling Green, Mrs. Ward, even though she was still in her Graham's two granddaughters. But she was apparently a good middle twenties, had lost her youthful freshness. The weakness student, and Grandmamma's only complaints about her pupil caused by both illness and childbearing had left her thin and pale concerned her rather moody disposition. 6 with sunken eyes and cheeks. Only nine years before, in January Why Julia Cutler was sent away to school at such a tender 1812, when she had first met Samuel Ward, Julia Cutler had age is nowhere explained, but she could hardly have been left in been a lovely brown-haired, dark-eyed girl of fifteen, whose gai- better hands, at least in her mother's view. Isabella Graham, who ety, charm and intelligence had completely won over the serious was known for her piety, had an excellent reputation as a school- young banker. mistress. Born in Scotland and reared in the stern tradition of She had been born and brought up in Jamaica Plain Mas- Scottish Presbyterianism, she had come to New York in 1789, an sachusetts, where her mother, the widow of Benjamin Clarke impoverished widow with three unmarried daughters. A number Cutler, still lived. Sarah Mitchell Cutler, a South Carolinian by of influential persons had helped her found the school on Bowling birth, came of a wealthy, plantation-owning family in Charles- Green.' Mrs. Graham probably felt more concern for the souls ton. She had once been considered an "elegante" of Southern than the minds of her pupils, for she eventually abandoned her society and remembered with pleasure an evening in her youth school to devote her time to philanthropy. In 1797 she founded when George Washington had crossed the ballroom floor ex- one of the earliest charitable associations in the United States, the pressly to speak to her. 4 The niece of Francis Marion, the Swamp Society for the Relief of Poor Widows with Small Children. Her Fox, Sarah Cutler prided herself on her Huguenot ancestry. She evangelical piety, with its emphasis on the need for regeneration 9 8 Wards and Cutlers Wards and Cutlers us us and good works, left a permanent mark on Julia Cutler as it did was some ten years Julia's senior and so very grave in manner that on so many of her pupils. 8 Grandmamma remained as important she could not think of him as a beau; he seemed more like an to Julia as any member of the Cutler family, and perhaps her uncle or a father. influence, through Julia, extended to the next generation. Julia The Wards were an old and respected Rhode Island family, Ward Howe would herself fall for a time under the spell of who had emigrated to America from England during the Restora- Calvinism, and in later life, long after she had grown away from tion. Samuel's father, Colonel Samuel Ward, had fought in the the stern religion of her parents. she would devote herself to Revolution under General Washington. When he retired from many of the great reform movements of the nineteenth century, the army at the age of twenty-one (he was already possessed of a whose origins can be traced to the good works of men and women wife and several small children), he found the prospects in New- like Isabella Graham. port poor and decided to try his fortune as a merchant in New When Julia Cutler's schooling was finished, she returned to York. He proved to be only moderately successful as a Jamaica Plain, but not for long. In the winter of 1812 she and her businessman: he enjoyed the good things in life too much ever to older sister, Eliza, were brought down to New York by their devote himself wholeheartedly to his work. Consequently, when mother in the hope that a winter in the city would find them both his fifth son and namesake reached the age of fourteen it was husbands. Mrs. Cutler installed the girls in a boardinghouse. decided for financial reasons that instead of being sent to college, This was not as unusual as it may at first sound: "respectable" young Sam would be apprenticed to a banking firm as a clerk. In boardinghouses were regarded as excellent places in which a girl some respects this was a wise choice. Sam was an intelligent, of good family could make a suitable match. 9 Having been as- hard-working boy with a good head for figures, and grew up to be sured that the two Ward brothers who were staying in the same one of the most successful private bankers, and one of the richest house were already spoken for and that Mrs. Graham would keep men, in New York, But Sam would always regret that he had an eye on the two girls, Sarah Cutler returned to Jamaica Plain never gone to college, and like so many parents whose own leaving her two daughters to fend for themselves. schooling had been necessarily limited, he would place great As it turned out, neither of the Ward brothers, Samuel and emphasis on giving his own children the best education possible. Henry, was engaged and it was not long before the former had At twenty-five, Sam considered himself prosperous enough made up his mind that Julia Cutler was the wife for him. Poor to provide for a wife and family, so when he first met the pretty Eliza, although lively and witty enough, did not provide much and cultivated Miss Julia Cutler in the early winter of 1812, he competition for her sister. She suffered both from poor teeth and was ready to fall in love. In late January, only a few weeks after hairy moles on her face and there were those who found her the two Cutler girls had been installed in their lodgings, Sam personality rather overpowering. But she was a warmhearted and handed Julia a note asking for her hand in marriage. She was good-natured young woman, and would eventually marry when completely taken by surprise and apparently offended him by the she was well into her thirties. look of astonishment that crossed her face as she read his letter. Julia was pleased with the attentions shown her by the tall, She explained her bewilderment to him a few days later: "I take serious Mr. Ward in the boardinghouse parlor. In fact, Samuel up the pen, but how shall I address you, now all that sweet Ward was a very eligible bachelor with excellent prospects but he intercourse of father and daughter has fled between us." She 10 11 New York Girlhood New York Girlbood us us various banks in the city. Specie payments in New York resumed relatives in quick succession was by no means unusual in the early once more, but Samuel Ward's efforts to save his city had cost him his Bineteenth century, when death and disease were common OC- health. 23 He went to Newport to recuperate from the currences, and to some degree explained the deep need people had crisis and never really mended. By the summer of 1839 it became for religious consolation. New York was at that time in the midst obvious that the end was near. In November he died, leaving of an evangelical revival, and Julia was persuaded by a friend to behind him his six children and an estate estimated to have been attend some meetings. As in revivals today, the preacher would worth about six million dollars. leek to convince the unrepentant of their need for conversion. Julia later recalled "the desolate hush which fell upon our The sinner must be overwhelmed by a sense of personal guilt and house when its stately head lay, silent and cold, in the midst of he must truly repent his misdeeds. Then he would experience an weeping friends and children." Whatever disagreements and dis- illepervading sense of joy at being born again and at having sensions there may have been among the orphaned children Entered into a new and deeply personal relationship with God. 26 quickly dissipated, and the six were drawn together "in a bond of Julia did not, unfortunately, experience the joy of conver- common sorrow. 1224 It was to her brother Henry that Julia now ilon. The evangelical doctrines only came home to her with turned for comfort and consolation. Although he was as full of greater force, emphasizing as they did the sinfulness of man's fun as any of the Ward brothers and sisters, the serious side of nature, and she suffered what she described in her diary as "a Henry Henry's nature ran deeper than Sam's, and it was natural that season of religion (or irreligion), melancholy, and of irrational ward Julia should seek out him rather than her eldest brother. Sam despair. .27 She was also wracked by pangs of guilt for the way she himself had come to rely heavily on Henry, whose business sense had treated her father. How much he had done for her and yet and dedication to the world of banking far exceeded his own how little she had appreciated his solicitude! Although he was What a blow it was, therefore, to both Sam and Julia, when less dead, perhaps she could in some sense repay him for his care by than a year after the death of their father, Henry succumbed to an seeking to continue in his family the ways that would have attack of typhoid fever. Many years later Julia recalled that the pleased him. She was now the oldest member of the household death of this beloved brother had almost killed her The two had and she forced her newfound evangelist creed on the younger become particularly intimate in the months after their father members of the family. She became for a time the image of her death, and while Henry was sick Julia never left his bedside. The father in the severity of her rule and her solicitude for the progress of the disease was swift and the family had scarcely spiritual welfare of her younger brothers and sisters. Only cold become aware of the seriousness of his condition before he was meat was allowed on Sunday. Uncle John christened this unin- dead. Julia remembered the time that followed this terrible loss as "without viting meal "Sentiment." Hot tea, which was permitted on Sun- light or comfort. 25 Poor Sam's sorrow was soon day evenings, was known as "Bliss" and Julia herself, who in compounded by the death of his young wife and baby son in the happier times had been known as "Jolie Jule," was now referred winter of 1842, and consequently he could be of little comfort to his sister. ER by her brothers and sisters as "The Old Bird." At the same time Julia poured out her misery in poems, Faced with the deaths of so many who had been close to her helodramatically spurning the fellowship of all humankind in Julia turned again to religion for solace. The loss of a number of her anguish over the death of her brother Henry: 40 41 New York Girlhood New York Girlhood as as Bible, this time it would be not "in the light of enthusiasm but Dorchester and it was while returning from one of these that she of common sense and experience. "30 She was, in other words moving away from the evangelical faith of her parents, which first met a man whose writing and philosophy were to have a RWE tremendous effect on her own thinking. On the train with Mary, stressed both Biblical and ecclesiastical authority as well as the innate depravity of man, toward a more liberal Christianity Staring out at the bleak winter landscape that stretched from which believed that human nature, though by no means perfect Boston to Providence, she found herself being introduced to was inherently capable of reforming itself and possessed consider Halph Waldo Emerson. As she later remembered the episode, she able powers of conscience and reason. horrified by the thought of finding herself face to face with man whose transcendentalism represented the very kind of During the time following the deaths of her father and brother Julia received much advice and comfort from her one radical" thinking she had been taught to distrust. "I do not wish good friend outside the family circle Mary Ward of the Boston meet the wicked man!" she cried out in dismay to Mary, but May Wards. The two Ward families (they were not related) had met in despire the awkwardness which must have followed this outburst, Newport the summer before Mr. Ward's death and Mary not only Mary persisted, and almost immediately Julia's feelings toward became intimate with Julia but engaged to Henry as well. It was Amerson began to soften. In the tall, thin man with blue eyes and Julia therefore natural that after Henry died both girls would wish to quiet smile Julia noticed a "gentle, ethereal quality which share their sorrow. Julia sent Mary many of the poems written in belied his reputed wickedness." She warmed to him even more RWE. the months immediately following her brother's death. By the later on in the day. The train had stopped for some time at a way time she sent them shé had already recovered from the worst of station. and she caught a glimpse out the window of Emerson her grief and was spurning the most morbid of her religious walking up and down the platform with a small child on his thoughts, and Mary wisely pointed out that Julia's poems no shoulders. She had thought the "great Transcendentalist" was a longer represented her true self. They "would not universally "very remote from common human sympathy but this action interest, because they express but a very partial view of the truths his part could not but impress me as most kind and of our religion and that one of a stern, painful, ascetic character to himane. 32 which the whole spirit of the time is opposed." She reminded The trip from Boston was delayed by a blizzard, which Julia that the verses were "the exact impress of the religious views forced the weary travelers to spend the whole of the following day aboard the steamer that ran from Providence to New York (there which you entertained one year ago, which were ever painful to behold," that her mind at the time had been "excited" and was then no train connecting the two cities). The delay did have "deeply suffering" and had consequently seized hold of religion the advantage, however, of giving Julia a further chance to talk to "almost as a scourge and penance her new acquaintance. Emerson, a man of few words, was a This is not your religion, in an excited state of mind you strove to make it so, but nearly patient listener. He sat quietly while this earnest young woman lost your reason in the attempt. 31 repounded her views on religion and philosophy. Trying to im- Mary at least understood the suffering her friend had endured. She also knew that the time had press him with her thinking, she spoke at Tength on the great come for Julia to place all that behind her and begin again. powers of Satan, and when she had finally completed her dis- Julia had been making several trips a year to visit Mary in course his only comment was, "Surely the angel must be stronger than the Demon. ⑉33 44 wordbox 45 sm destr. New York Girlbood New York Girlbood no as manners are very free and cordial He circulates as univer- dilettante in literature. 48 A letter she wrote Mary during the m sally as small change, and understands the art of gratifying others course of that gay winter of 1842 explains her feelings: "How without troubling himself - "43 utterly are one's best thoughts invaded by this going out in In New York the entertainments provided for the famous society. I feel it. I have striven to be myself, everywhere, to retain novelist were numerous and lavish, and Julia was back from my own principles, and notions of things, and SO I hope to get Boston in time to enjoy at least some of them. Philip Hone noted through the winter without any more serious evil than the loss of in his diary, "There is a danger of overdoing the matter and time, and the ruin of ball dresses. The former of these is serious making our well-meant hospitalities oppressive to the recip- enough, but I had wanted to see something of society, it seemed ient."14 He was right. Dickens himself wrote of his stay in New hardly fair that I should never give myself an opportunity of York: "I can do nothing that I want to do, go nowhere that I judging and being judged by it. 144 want to go, and see nothing that I want to see. If I turn into the Julia Ward had, in fact, enjoyed an extraordinary amount of street I am followed by a multitude. If I stay at home the house freedom in the years after her father's death. She could go where becomes with callers like a fair I have no rest or peace. "45 she pleased and see whom she pleased. Neither Uncle John nor On the evening of February 19, a dinner in Dickens's honor was her brother Sam had approved of Samuel Ward's overprotective given at the City Hotel, No ladies had been invited to the dinner, ways. But while Julia enjoyed her newfound freedom, she also but a few, including Julia, Mrs. Dickens and Catherine found it bewildering. She had been so protected, not only from Sedgwick, the novelist, had hidden themselves in a small room the enjoyable aspects of life but also from its responsibilities, that from which they could catch a glimpse of the proceedings. Over- when these were suddenly thrust upon her she almost longed to come by curiosity they slowly moved further and further out from have her restrictions back again. It was therefore not surprising their hiding place until they were in full view of the assembled that when Julia did fall in love, it was with someone whom she company. 46 Julia would not have been there if it hadn't been for regarded with awe and respect as much as with love, a man nearly Sam, and Sam was already showing his ability to charm and per- twenty years older than herself, a person in whom she could lose suade people into doing almost anything he wished them to do. herself as a child does in its father. That same winter Sam and his sisters gave a party to which two hundred people were invited. Julia wrote Mary Ward that everything had gone off "beautifully. The planed floor was smooth as glass the music heavenly - the supper superb - we danced till two." But she missed Boston. "Boston is an oasis in the desert, a place where the larger proportion of people are loving, rational and happy. I long for its green pas- tures and still waters, its pure intellectual atmosphere and its sunlight of kindness and truth. 47 Later in life Julia would claim that if she had married a New Yorker she would have remained a "frequenter of fashionable society, a musical amateur and a 50 51 The Chevalier The Chevalier as as everything else he pursued, once he determined that Julia was the wife for him, he would not give up until she was his. Julia was require from one to whom your whole life and yourself are given" equally in love but unlike the determined Dr. Howe she had her and urged her to "be sure that he for whom you make this reservations about such a marriage. Underneath her love lay the sacrifice and to whom you give your whole heart is worthy of possessing it Remember too that yours is no common realization that she would lose much if she let herself be captured by this proud, domineering man. She yearned for the strength he character and that it ought to be committed to the charge of no would provide and admired his courage and idealism but she also common person, but to one who could feel that your destiny is a knew her own pride and valued her newfound independence. The noble one, and who would share it with you. 13 Mary had under- if she married Sam Howe. first would have to be stifled, the latter would disappear entirely stood rightly that Julia had chosen the minister with her mind and not with her heart. Now, Julia was SO obviously in love with The courtship turned out to be a stormy one. Julia's inde- Chev that Mary could only give her encouragement. pendent spirit rose to the surface often enough between the party In February 1843, before they were officially engaged, Julia in June 1842 and the wedding day in April 1843 for Chev to be went to Dorchester for a long visit, presumably to be near her disturbed. He never considered giving her up but he did do his lover. During this period their romance reached a crisis. Chev best to try and change her. It was not that he minded indepen- was becoming tired of pleading with Julia to accept him, and dent women. In fact he had been working very closely with employing the best possible tactic to insure her acquiescence, he Dorothea Dix in her efforts to better the terrible conditions in took off one day for New York without saying goodbye or even prisons and mental asylums. From Sam Howe's point of view, for letting her know where he was going. When Julia heard that he had left for New York she immediately suspected that all was an unmarried woman to be independent was one thing, but it was over between them and that he was at that very moment in the quite another for his own wife, or prospective wife. He was very aware of Julia's literary ambitions but made it clear that once they parlor at 32 Bond Street proposing to her sister Louisa. Actually, Chev had no intention of marrying Louisa and before many days were married she must discard them. Julia herself was rightly concerned that her future husband should have SO little sympathy had passed he was back in Boston. The engagement took place for her interests, and she therefore had many moments of doubt- without further hesitation on Julia's part. ing the wisdom of giving up SO many of her own dreams in order Julia returned to New York early in March. No word was to remain obedient to her lover. said about her engagement but her brother Sam was immediately Her family and friends were of little help to her. She was aware of a change in his sister. "It was very funny to see the little obviously in love and they do not seem to have taken very seri- difficulty our truant warbler found in tuning her throat to a pitch ously Chev's obstinacy with regard to the necessity of her in concert with us. We were the same laughing and screaming set sacrificing all for him. Mary Ward thoroughly approved of Sam of madcaps and the intensity of our pleasures was heightened by MSOW Howe as a husband for her friend, and had encouraged the ro- her presence. But a gentle change had come over the spirit of the 'old bird's dream' - 'Care sits upon the brow of Cupid. "14 mance from the beginning. Several years earlier, when Julia had A week later Sam wrote Chev that there were rumors of an become briefly engaged to a clergyman (his name is now un- known), Mary had counseled her "to think of how much you will engagement. Julia's behavior seems to have sparked these rumors, Sam observed, as she "has been refusing to go out, 60 61 Early Years in South Boston Early Years in South Boston UN as But for all the charm and comfort of Green Peace compared ters, "but tried to be kind. Mary was more like her old self than I to the institute, Julia was as lonely and cut off from the outside expected - the interview was, however, a painful one. It was world as ever. In a letter addressed to an unknown person and pre- kind of them to call - I think Mary will love me again, as I will served in one of her many scrapbooks, she described her life in ever love her. "11 South Boston during those first years of her marriage: As was the custom both on Bond Street and Beacon Street, Julia let it be known that she would receive callers every Friday I live in a place in which I have few social relations, and afternoon between twelve and two. Her first At Home could all too recent to be intimate. I have no family around me, my hardly be called a great success. "I dressed myself quite nicely, children are babies and my husband has scarcely half an hour in opened the two parlors, and remained from twelve to two o'clock twenty-four to give me. So, as I think much in my way, and nobody takes the least interest in what I think, I am forced to in readiness to receive visitors - none came but the Everetts, make myself an imaginary public, and to tell it the secrets of nor do I expect ever to see many people at my receptions. 12 The my poor little ridiculous brain. While I am employed with fact was that few Bostonians in those days had private carriages, fictions my husband is dealing with facts, but as we both seek and therefore only Julia's and Chev's closest friends were willing truth which lies beyond either, we do not get so very far apart to make the effort to cross the South Boston bridge to pay a call as you would think. At least I know all that is in his mind, if on the Howes. Julia did go to n'occasional evening party during he does not occupy himself much with mine. 9 her first winter in South Boston. It may perhaps seem surprising that she was not asked out For all the loneliness of these first years of her marriage, more frequently, considering the charming impression she had there were distractions and bright moments when she appeared made on the Ticknors during her visit in the winter of 1842. But almost contented with her lot. From the beginning she enjoyed as Mrs. Howe, Julia was no longer a novelty and Boston showed her daily walks with Julia Romana. As she wrote Sam, the baby less eagerness to accept her now that she was claiming the right of was already at nine months beginning to resemble her, for "like citizenship. Sam Howe had never belonged to the inner circle of mine, the breadth of her face exceeds its length. "10 In March Beacon Street society or the "Boston of the Forty" as Julia later 1845, Annie came to spend ten days with her sister and the called it. 13 His family had always been made up of nonconform- following summer the newly married Crawfords joined Annie for ists, and although Chev was admired for his work with the blind, another visit before sailing for Europe. Mary Ward occasionally when he began tampering with such matters as their school sys- came to call from Dorchester, which was nearby, but the tem he lost favor with conservative Bostonians. Not that Chev friendship between the two young women had become strained particularly minded what people like the Ticknors thought of after Louisa had broken off her engagement to Mary's brother him. He was no socialite and had no intentions that his wife John. In those days an engagement was almost as binding a should be one either. Furthermore, he was too occupied with his contract as marriage, and the Boston Wards felt, perhaps rightly, various causes to have much time to spare for evening parties. that John had been badly treated. Mary and her sister Martha One of the livelier hostesses on Beacon Hill, however, was called on Julia at the institute soon after the Howes returned from Mrs. Harrison Gray Otis, the widowed daughter-in-law of the Europe. "Martha was very constrained," Julia informed her sis- onetime mayor of Boston. Julia had been to her house a number 88 89 5/1/2020 Samuel Ward (banker) - Wikipedia WIKIPEDIA Samuel Ward (banker) Samuel Ward III (born in Rhode Samuel Ward Island, May 1, 1786; died in New York City, November 27, 1839) was an American banker. Contents Early life Career Personal life Descendants References Early life Samuel Ward III was born in Rhode Born May 1, 1786 Island on May 1, 1786. He was the son of Rhode Island Col. Samuel Ward, Jr. (1756-1832) and Phebe Greene. His paternal grandparents Died November 27, 1839 were Samuel Ward, Sr. (1725-1776) and (aged 53) Anne Ray. His maternal grandparents New York City, New were William Greene, Jr. (1731-1809) York, U.S. and Catharine Ray. Spouse(s) Julia Rush Cutler (m. 1812; her Career death 1824) Children Samuel Cutler Ward After his education he entered a banking Henry Ward house as clerk, and in 1808 was taken into Julia Ward partnership, continuing as a member of the firm of Prime, Ward & King until his Parent(s) Samuel Ward, Jr. death. In 1838. he secured through the Phebe Greene 5/1/2020 Samuel Ward (banker) - Wikipedia Bank of England a loan of nearly Relatives Samuel Ward, Sr. $5,000,000 to enable the banks to (grandfather) resume specie payments, and established William Greene, Jr. the Bank of Commerce, becoming its president. He was a founder of the University of the City of New York (now New York University) and of the New York Temperance Society, of which he was the first president, and was active in organizing mission churches. He was a patron of many charities and the giver of large sums in aid of Protestant Episcopal Churches and colleges in the west. Personal life In October 1812, he married Julia Rush Cutler (born in Boston, January 5, 1796; died in New York City, November 9, 1824), the sister of Rev. Benjamin Clarke Cutler (who was the brother-in- law of General Sir Roger Hale Sheaffe), and, through her mother, a grandniece of Francis Marion. Julia was a poet, and one of her poems is preserved in Rufus Wilmot Griswold's Female Poets of America (Philadelphia, 1848). They had seven children, including: Samuel Cutler "Sam" Ward (1814-1884), a lobbyist who married Emily Astor (1819-1841), Portrait of Ward's daughter of William Backhouse Astor Sr. [1] daughter, Julia Ward Henry Ward (1818-1839) Howe, by John Elliott, 1925 Julia Ward (1819-1910), a poet who married Samuel Gridley Howe (1801-1876)(2) Louisa Cutler Ward (1823-1897), who married Thomas Gibson Crawford (1813-1857), a prominent sculptor. After his death, she married Luther Terry (1813-1900), an artist. [3][4] Descendants His son, Sam Ward, had two children with Emily Astor before her death. Their only surviving daughter, Margaret Astor Ward, married John Winthrop and had 5/1/2020 Samuel Ward (banker) - Wikipedia eleven children, including William Astor Chanler, Sr., Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler, and Robert Winthrop Chanler. After Emily's death, Sam married again and had two more children with his second wife, Medora Grymes, who both died in the 1860s. [1] His daughter, Julia gave birth to six children: Julia Romana Howe (1844- 1886), Florence Marion Howe (1845-1922), Henry Marion Howe (1848- 1922), Laura Elizabeth Howe (1850-1943), Maud Howe (1855-1948), and Samuel Gridley Howe, Jr. (1858-1863). Julia was likewise an aunt of novelist Francis Marion Crawford. [5] References Notes 1. "Samuel Ward Papers" (http://archives.nypl.org/uploads/collection/pdf_fin ding_aid/wards.pdf) (PDF). nypl.org. New York Public Library Archives. Retrieved February 7, 2017. 2. "Julia Ward Howe (1819-1910)" (http://www.nwhm.org/education-resource /biography/biographies/julia-ward-howe/) National Women's History Museum. 3. "MRS. W. A. CHANLER, AUTHOR, MUSICIAN; Niece of Julia Ward Howe and the Half-Sister of F. Marion Crawford Dies at 91" (https://www.nytime S.com/1952/12/20/archives/mrs-wa-chahler-author-mijbioiuq-niece-of-julia -ward-howe-and-the.html). The New York Times. December 20, 1952. Retrieved February 21, 2018. 4. "F. Marion Crawford" (https://www.nytimes.com/1897/12/19/archives/illustr ated-weekly-magazine-f-marion-crawford.html). The New York Times. December 19, 1897. Retrieved February 22, 2018. 5. Martyris, Nina (March 16, 2016). "Battle Hymn At The Dining Table: A Famous Feminist Subjugated Through Food" (https://www.npr.org/section s/thesalt/2016/03/16/470444422/battle-hymn-at-the-dining-table-a-famous efeminist-subjugated-through-food). NPR. Retrieved July 30, 2016. Sources W This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1889). "Ward, Richard" (https://en. wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Bio graphy/Ward, Richard).Appletons'Cyclopadia ofAmerican Biography. New York: D. Appleton. 9/18/2017 prime - pafg03.htm Generated by Personal Ancestral File Merchant Networks Descendants of Prime a website project in economic and maritime history Progenitor-419418 by Ken Cozens Dan-Byrnes Third Generation We Prefer PayPal Donate 3. US financier Prime Nathaniel-303670 (Joshua Progenitor) was BANK VISA born in 1768 in Rowley Mass. He died in 1840 in New York. If you value the information posted here, and the project of this history website in general, you may like to consider making a donation With Samuel Ward. Nathaniel Prime, of Prime Ward and King, to help reduce our production costs. Stock and Commision brokers. Per Linda Minor. A few doors It would be greatly appreciated. Options include: below Wall street court entrance in 1830 was a marble building paying via PayPal which this website uses - Ed erected by Nathaniel Prime. It had offices in the upper part. The main floor was occupied as the banking rooms of the great banking house of Prime, Ward & King. What a wonderful firm that was thirty years ago! Originally it was "Nathaniel Prime, Stock and Commission Broker, No. 42 Wall Street," in 1796. In 1808, he took in Samuel Ward as a partner, and the firm was then Prime & Ward. In 1816 Joseph Sands was made a partner, and the firm was Prime, Ward & Sands, still doing business at the old stand, No. 42 Wall Street, until 1825, when the office was temporarily removed, in order that the present building might be erected. That year, James G. King was made a partner, and the firm was Prime, Ward, Sands, King & Co. Joseph Sands of the above firm, was a son of the celebrated Comfort Sands, who died in 1835. In 1826 Joseph left the above firm, and it again became Prime, Ward, King & Co. James Gore King, of the above firm, had previously been engaged in business in Liverpool, England, under the firm of King & Gracie. After he returned to this country, he was taken into the great firm for his financial ability, and the firm changed as above stated. Mr. Prime bought the house on the corner of Broadway and Battery Place, now occupied as the Washington Hotel. He lived there many years, and saw his sons and his daughters intermarrying with the first families in New York. Code-US Thirty years ago, Mr. Prime was deemed the third richest man in New York, and yet no one set him down as worth over a million! Thirty years ago there was but one man in this town worth over a million; that one was John Jacob Astor. There were four other rich men -- Robert Lenox, John G. Coster, Stephen Whitney, and Nat Prime; the latter was regarded as the most wealthy of the last four names. Mr. Nathaniel Prime, of the great firm of Prime, Ward & King, did not legitimately belong to the old set. He claimed a place, however, for his sons and his daughters had intermarried with the Jays, the Rays, the Sands, the Palmers, and the undoubted old families. Aside from this, his partners were of the pure breed. Prime, Ward & King were the first large genuine private bankers in the city of New York. They allowed interest on all sums deposited with them for either a short or long term. They bought up good bills on Paris or London, and remitted to their bankers, and then every packet day, Prime, Ward and King were large sellers of their own sterling and French bills at one per cent more than they paid for the best private bills. Such was their credit. The firm had no rivals at that time. J.L. & S. Josephs had a banking house on the corner of Wall and Hanover. They were the agents of the Rothschilds, but had no such standing in this town as Prime, Ward & King. Old Nat Prime was a fearfully long-headed man. He could see through a mill-stone quicker than any other man in Wall Street. But he was frequently sold. On one occasion a Hartford horse jockey, named Adam Hitchcock, sold him a leopard-spotted horse for $1500. It was alright until the white and black horse got caught out in a rain, when such a mixing of paints occurred as perfectly astonished him. Mr. Prime left behind him three fine sons -- Edward, who succeeded him in the firm in 1831; Rufus, who at one time formed one of the firm of Christmas, Livingston, Prime & Coster. What a firm that was! Charles Christmas (he is now 9/18/2017 prime pafg03.htm - Generated by Personal Ancestral File Mortimer Livingston, of the Havre packet line agents, C. Bolton, Fox & Livingston, who married a daughter of Francis Depau, who married Sylvie de Grasse, a daughter of that Count de Grasse who commanded the French fleet on this coast in the Revolutionary war.do'Another member of the C.L.P.C. firm was Washington Coster. What a gay boy was Wash. Coster! He married a daughter of old Francis Depau, and there were cart loads of gold on both sides of the house. Wash, was not a son of old John G. Coster -- he was a nephew. Poor fellow, he was fond of good eating and good drinking, and he paid the penalty. He died on a sofa at Blancard's Globe Hotel in Broadway near Exchange Street, now a dry goods store. Wash, got no sleep for several days, and a celebrated Irish adventurer named John S. Nugent (who was hired by Cozzens as a bar-keeper, and wound up his week's work by running away and marrying the sister of Mr. Cozzens, (West Point Hotel) -- gave him a dose of morphine to make him sleep. It was successful, for poor Wash. has never woke up since, unless he made an unknown turn over in the grave. ofMr. Prime had a third son named Frederick. He was a lawyer, and married a granddaughter of the great John Jay, chief Justice in Washington's day of the United States. Cf., Per Ken Cozens, Walter Barrett, 1863, The Old Merchants of New York City, Second Series. Nathaniel married Sands Cornelia-303685 daughter of Merchant, founder Bank of New York Sands Comfort-413823 and Dodge Sarah-413824. Cornelia was born in 1773 in Rowley Mass. She died in 1852. They had the following children: 4 M i Prime Frederick-303686 was born in 1807. He is son3. Frederick married (1) wife1 Jay Mary Rutherfurd-303687 daughter of Of New York Jay Peter Augustus-3141 and Clarkson Mary Rutherford-3142. Mary died in 1835. Frederick married (2) Hare Lydia-419410 daughter of Dr Hare Robert- 419409 and parent recheck Clarke Harriet-419415. 5 F ii Prime Cornelia-419411 was born in 1800. She died in 1874. Cornelia married Ray Robert-419412 son of Ray Cornelius-419413 and RNotknown Miss-419414. 6 F iii Prime Miss-479423. Cf., Per Ken Cozens, Walter Barrett Clerk, 1863, The Old Merchants of New York City, Second Series. Miss married Coster Gerard H.-479422 son of US-Dutch traders Coster John Gerard-479158 and Holsmann Catharine Margaret-479415. Cf., Per Ken Cozens, Walter Barrett Clerk, 1863, The Old Merchants of New York City, Second Series. + 7 M iv Of New York Prime Rufus-413989. H Surname List | Name Index 9/18/2017 James G. King Wikipedia James G. King From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia James Gore King (May 8, 1791, New York City - October 3, 1853, Weehawken, New Jersey) was an American businessman and James Gore King Whig Party politician who represented New Jersey's 5th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1849 to 1851. King was the third son of Rufus King, and brother of John Alsop King, who served as Governor of New York. [1] Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2.1 United States Congress 2.2 Later career 3 Personal life 3.1 Descendants 4 References 5 External links Early life Member of the U.S. House of Representatives James Gore King was born in New York City on May 8, 1791 to from New Jersey's 5th district Rufus King and Mary Alsop. He pursued classical studies in In office England and France, returned to United States and graduated from March 4, 1849 - March 3, 1851 Harvard University in 1810. He studied law at the Litchfield Law School. [2] Preceded by Dudley S. Gregory Succeeded by Rodman M. Price Career Personal details Born May 8, 1791 During the War of 1812, he served as assistant adjutant general of New York City, USA the New York Militia. [1] Died October 3, 1853 (aged After the war, he engaged in mercantile pursuits in New York City 62) in 1815. In 1818, he established a banking establishment, King & Weehawken, New Gracie, in Liverpool, England with his brother-in-law, Archibald Jersey, USA Gracie, Jr. Political Whig party In 1824, he returned to New York City and engaged in banking as a partner in the firm of Prime & Ward (thereafter Prime, Ward & Spouse(s) Sarah Rogers Gracie King), with residence in Weehawken, New Jersey. In 1835, he Parents Rufus King became president of the Erie Railroad until 1837, when by his visit Mary Alsop to London he secured the loan to American bankers of $1,000,000 from the governors of the Bank of England Alma mater Harvard College Profession Politician 9/18/2017 James G. King Wikipedia King was elected as a Whig to Congress, serving in office from March 4, 1849 to March 3, 1851, but declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1850. Later career After leaving Congress, he resumed the banking business. By this time the firm he had worked for had undergone dissolution, and SO was succeeded by the House of James G. King & Son. He died at his country place,("Highwood," near Weehawken on October 3, 1853, of a "congestion of the lungs" and was interred in the churchyard of Grace Church, Jamaica, N.Y. Personal life King married Sarah Rogers Gracie (1791-1878), the daughter of Archibald Gracie (1755-1829). Together they had: [3][4] Caroline King (1813-1863), who married Denning Duer (1812-1891), son of William Alexander Duer Sarah Gracie King (1815-1815) Harriet King (1817-1838) James Gore King, Jr. (1819-1867) Archibald Gracie King (1821-1897), who married Elizabeth Denning Duer (1821-1900), daughter of William Alexander Duer Henry Myers King (1824-1825) Mary King (1826-1890) Frederika Gore King (1829-1916), who married Bancroft Davis (1822-1907), an American lawyer, judge, diplomat, and president of Newburgh and New York Railway Company. Edward King (1833-1908) Alsop King (1835-1836) Fanny King (1836-1905) Descendants His granddaughter, May Denning King (1848-1925) married John King Van Rensselaer (1847-1909), son of Henry Bell Van Rensselaer and grandson of Stephen Van Rensselaer III, the patroon of Rensselaerwyck. [5] His great-great-granddaughter Ellin Travers Mackay married Irving Berlin. Another great-great-grandchild was Wolcott Gibbs, who was also a direct descendant of Martin Van Buren (James Gore King's grandson married Martin Van Buren's granddaughter, and Wolcott Gibbs was their grandson). References Notes 1. "James Gore King | American banker" (https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Gore-King). britannica.com Encyclopxdia Britannica. Retrieved 6 December 2016. 2. "Litchfield Ledger - Student" '(http://www.litchfieldhistoricalsociety.org/ledger/students/1455). www.litchfieldhistoricalsociety.org. Retrieved 6 December 2016. 3. "James Gore King (1791 - 1853) - Find A Grave Memorial" (http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg. cgi?page=gr&GRid=7257624). www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 6 December 2016. 4. "The Sackett Family Association - Hon James Gore King" (http://www.sackettfamily.info/g9/p9443. htm). www.sackettfamily.info Retrieved 6 December 2016. 9/18/2017 James G. King Wikipedia 5. Sullivan, Robert G. (1911). "Hudson-Mohawk Genealogical and Family Memoirs: Van Rensselaer Vol. IV*(http://www.schenectadyhistory.org/families/hmgfm/vanrensselaer-3.html). www.schenectadyhistory.org. Schenectady County Public Library. pp. 1814-1821. Retrieved 6 December 2016. Sources This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "King, Rufus". Encyclopcedia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Obituaries (https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=980DE0DF1131E13BBC4D53DFB667 8388649FDE), The New York Times, October 5, 1853. Retrieved September 23, 2007 External links United States Congress. "James G. King (id: K000203)" (http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodis play.pl?index=K000203). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. James Gore King (http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/king5.html#R9M0J300H) at The Political Graveyard James Gore King (https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7257624)atFind a Grave James Gore King V http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/nyhs/erving.html) New-York Historical Society Business positions Preceded by President of New York and Erie Railroad Succeeded by Eleazar Lord 1835 - 1839 Eleazar Lord U.S. House of Representatives Member of the U.S. House of Representatives Preceded by Succeeded by from New Jersey's 5th congressional district Dudley S. Gregory Rodman M. Price March 4, 1849 - March 3, 1851 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_G._King&oldid=800191166" This page was last edited on 12 September 2017, at 00:42. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. 5/1/2020 Prime, Ward & King - Wikipedia WIKIPEDIA Prime, Ward & King Prime, Ward & King was a prominent American investment bank in the 18th Prime, Ward & King and 19th Century based in New York City. Industry Financial Predecessor Nathaniel Prime, Stock and Contents Commission Broker Prime & Ward History Prime, Ward & Services Sands Prime, Ward, Timeline Sands, King & See also Company References Founded 1796 Founder Nathaniel Prime History Defunct 1847 Headquarters 42 Wall Street, New In 1796, Nathaniel Prime organized York City "Nathaniel Prime, Stock and Commission Key people Nathaniel Prime Broker" at 42 Wall Street where he Samuel Ward III bought and sold bank stocks. [1] After James Gore King opening the private bank, he allowed Samuel Cutler customers to deposit money and then Ward loaned it out. [1] In 1808, Prime brought in Samuel Ward III as a partner and the firm was renamed Prime & Ward. [2] In 1816, Joseph Sands, Prime's brother-in-law, was made a partner and the firm became Prime, Ward & Sands. [3][4] In 1823, Prime met with and, eventually, invited James Gore King became a partner upon his return from England. [5] King, a son of U.S. Senator Rufus King, had previously been affiliated with the firm of King & Gracie, founded in 1818 in Liverpool, England by King and his brother-in-law, Archibald Gracie, Jr. (the son of Archibald Gracie). King wound up the affairs of the house in England, returned to New York and became a partner of the house of Prime, 5/1/2020 Prime, Ward & King - Wikipedia Ward, Sands, King & Company on May 1, 1824, which at the time consisted of Nathaniel Prime, Samuel Ward, Joseph Sands, James G. King and Robert Ray (Prime's son-in-law). [6] In 1826, after Joseph died the firm was again reorganized as Prime, Ward & King with the previous partners and including Edward Prime, Prime's son. [3] In 1832, Prime retired and was replaced as a co-partner in the firm by his son, Edward. [3] In 1839, Ward died and was replaced by his son Samuel Cutler Ward, who had joined the firm the previous year. [6] In 1844, King's son Archibald Gracie King joined the firm which already included Denning Duer, the son of William Alexander Duer and the elders King's son-in-law. [6] In 1846, King and his family left the firm and started James G. King & Son, which he operated until his death in 1853. [7][8] The firm stunned the financial world when it collapsed in September 1847, which some claim was caused by the younger Ward's "excessive speculation in commodities" and caused the bankruptcy of the Ward family. [9] Services Among their biggest clients was Baring Brothers, a British merchant bank based in London that was the world's second oldest merchant bank founded in 1762 and owned by the German-originated Baring family of merchants and bankers. [10] In 1823, Baring bought Erie Canal bonds through the firm, causing other international investors to do the same. The success of the Canal bonds caused the firm to take the lead in financing American expansion out west. [1] After the financial crisis of 1836 to 1837, the Bank of England in an effort to assist New York City banks in resuming specie payment, confided a loan of almost 5 million dollars of gold to the firm which was considered a remarkable sign of confidence. [2] Timeline The firm was known by various names throughout its existence, including: [7][3] Nathaniel Prime, Stock and Commission Broker (1796-1808) 5/1/2020 Prime, Ward & King - Wikipedia Prime & Ward (1808-1816) Prime, Ward & Sands (1817-1825) Prime, Ward, Sands, King & Company (1825-1826) Prime, Ward & King (1826-1846) Prime, Ward & Company (1847) James G. King & Son (1847-1853) See also Nathaniel Prime References 1. Burrows, Edwin G.; Wallace, Mike (1998). Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 (https://books.google.com/books?id=xF4NDALYWSAC&pg=P A445&lpg=PA445). Oxford University Press. p. 445. ISBN 9780199741205. Retrieved 10 March 2018. 2. Ward, John (1875). A Memoir of Lieut.-Colonel Samuel Ward, First Rhode Island Regiment, Army of the American Revolution: With a Genealogy of the Ward Family (https://archive.org/details/memoiroflieutco00ward). p. 1 (https://archive.org/details/memoiroflieutco00ward/page/n25).F Retrieved 10 March 2018. 3. Barrett, Walter (1885). The Old Merchants of New York City (https://archiv .org/details/oldmerchantsnew01barrgoog). Thomas R. Knox & Company. p. 10 (https://archive.org/details/oldmerchantsnew01barrgoog/page/n35). Retrieved 10 March 2018. 4. Wilkins, Mira (1989). The History of Foreign Investment in the United States to 1914 4(https://archive.org/details/historyofforeign000Owilk). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. p. 657 (https://archive.org/d etails/historyofforeign0000wilk/page/657). ISBN 9780674396661. Retrieved 10 March 2018. 5. "SAMUEL WARD PAPERS" (http://archives.nypl.org/uploads/collection/pd f_finding_aid/wards.pdf) (PDF). archives.nypl.org. New York Public Library. Retrieved 10 March 2018. 6. Hunt, Freeman (1858). Lives of American Merchants (https://archive.org/d etails/bub_gb_lygKAAAAIAAJ). Derby & Jackson. p. 189 (https://archive.o g/details/bub_gb_lygKAAAAIAAJ/page/n211) Retrieved 10 March 2018. From: Yellow House Papere Notes 6/13/05 Pg. 146 Col. Someel Ward (17 56- 1832) - 10 offspring WM. Green Ward Samuel Ward Ann G (un man) Henry was Phoeles Heary Hall Wad waid Richard Ray Was Samel ward III I Banker John M. Julia Cutler was wm Greet was Henry Julia Sanal Word IV died died Louise Cuther ware young young M. Emily Astor Anne Way Eliza m. A. Julia Romana House Maillard Florease Marion Have Julia ward Henry Marion Howe m. Dr. Someol Cridley Howe Laura Elizedoeth Have Mar. Henry Richards Haud Here Sound gudly Hnee Jr. p208 The Richards Form Papers. John Rochards V 7 agent for ford Ashburton and the Baring Brother of Loneon: / Edinburgh Collection National Lbray of Scotland(P3.217). 2/ Baing Paper MucoFilm made by Public Record office in London from paperin the Archives of th Baing Broteen banking house. Copy in L C, toyth c a calendar. These proper mg he suppleated s examination of the Publications if te Colonial Society 2vols, 1954. 3/ Harison Gray Otis paper at MHS. 4/ Letter hook correcy the Sale of Maine land 1790 to 1810 - persesses of faif descadets Richard Peper John Richal (1884- 1975) Engled fept. chee- at St.Paul'T Laura E. Wiggen (sister) placed Some of his spapers then p-209 Ward Fanif Papies 1. Pepu S. gov. Samel Word, GGF of at RItist Soc., Provides ocse Conesponde of governor Sanceed Ward, May 1778- March 1776 2. Paper at 5. YORK HISTORECAL soaef byt Wm. Ward, second cousin L all da Se. Richards. 3. Paper of Somell Word the Booke (father of Julia Word House) + Samul Ward the Sinner at ny Dub- Lib. Oney. part of Astor Lbrag (1819-1910) Paper of Illea Word Here at L.C. 10 Ms. boxes. MHS 7/14/05 Yellow House Papers. call. 2085. R, R65A, F.I 4R to LR 876 - Boston, 6/28/76 is Commence remon spent time c Freddy Bowdler. 1876 letter an richly illustrated c avariactures t almost eat expepting for boston, time spect = Julic many poems R65A, f 2 7/80 880 - BHR letter 1/12/80 no mentia of Dorrs. Cardier, HR 15 have LER is not. Other letter for Josh', etc. R65A, f 3. 1879-82 -2 letter, / for He LER. RC 18 f.7 Julia Ward Home to - -T. brother Henry 1838. Copy. Refa to "Pefers to "a clandistive correspondance would appear a had argument of it it were found out [wita Many ?7, + those they do come to life prevating , smehare a Her Deni Day speaks flypri fo confident in her letters ! if I her, surred shoot gire, c ug the hasitation thight you capable of dropperat 2. She is too pure, too lovely to beloyth any mone t I don't pure west you done to deserve her. Be a good by describe Reekie, and love, Your un, Dudy" (quea) Jan.?? Julian ward to us May 6.ward Tus. 10th ?? -She is "sade neglectfule in not unity to you... - "Now do not freeze me by a long silence or worse still, a cold admonitory letter -Letter - firef for NYC. Set Out 200 invies to cream JNYSOCIET for party. - If y ne come (to pay) John C. S. will Buy you be is now in Boston, or Junes Lawrence, wh has promand to come on." Refer to new @ everyt of Jeanie to William Story since she is why not through bred." As to hizzie Lynan, Julie wishes Merjoy. As to Tim, I wish you joy & thish you neyer do worse - as to Myself, I an not engaged to no good now, who will toler can of ree - but I my be - I have a sweet + mark truely letter fun San Eliot and but he is dying, poor child : "I shall write age Dearent Malley, when shall I see gn typed, and take again ? Signed "Jules" 3. fille to my Deared Uolly" Tuad 17th Vy glad tyot him letter, "when was as hid as it who short." Refer to Bo for as "an asis in the despert, proportion an of people are loving a place when the leyer Mertine national old happy I long fired green pastures + still waters, its pure intellectual atroupher t its 11 Sayleful of hindness t truth Look forwar to Boston vest For nist is "the resting point of the whole winter, + motes it underful shorter." update my me party -went off beautiful Dember for tailet (attire). 11/2 pp., typed, dable opposed RC 98, F. 10. LER Sidesbour near End of dozen sans, lable 'S de Shares ; refer to her great-cute, John Ward Anoth eny "The Soman Relalises, her b ago in pring at "Side Shores he sgp what what she her "not the health beep for children A gradeholdina -4- -Uncle San, Soul Word, 1814- 1884 @ 10 pp my mother's eldest brother," -the Have Deletors - put levele John Credit lies Yellow Hour Papers : the have E. Richards Collection Handine Whra Association and Main Histould Society 4 Call 2085, Leand Group # . Vellow Ham Puper The has shareed call Antiricatory By Day D. smith 2nd ed. , 2002. Republic"] together w/dresses costumes which were formerly part of her wardrobe incl. exquis. 2 part dress, ivory Samori sword, etc. Goody writes of sending me much material. I didn't remember that I had sent you anything particular about Uncle Marion; did I? Anyhow, whatever comes shall be iten fitn most religiously put away in the cabinet, formerly of Mother's room, now of yours; perhaps the most haura interesting piece of furniture that I have ever known of. It came, you remember, from Bond Street; it maul. to remained, during Mother's life, untouched, stuffed with family papers. After Mother went, good Clarkey - who went so soon herself, alas! - went all over it, classifying and so on. It now contains everything in the way of family papers, all carefully docketed. It might amuse you sometime to look at it. It was strange that of those three brilliant brothers, US. only Sam remained. I somethimes think of Henry and john. Marion; don't think I should have been very fond of the latter, who seems to have been very domineering. As to beautiful Henry, I recall only my wicked husband's words, spoken when he was in the throes of building Mrs. Dorr's house, "The best thing you Uncle Henry ever did was to die!" This last and cryptic reference is in the realm of "almost genealogy, i.e. a family alliance which would have occurred if Henry Ward had not died during his engagement to Mary Ward of Boston, sister of the "good Samuel Ward," a sobriquet in contrast to Samuel Ward IV of New York, brother of Julia Ward Howe, i.e. Sinner Sam. Mary had been engaged your to Henry Marion Ward until the time of his premature death, and she then married Charles Dorr, great Boston lawyer whose celebrity needs no comment here. Laura E. Richards in "Family Side Shows" said that in certain Boston circles Mrs. Dorr was not received, and the portrait of this "almost Aunt" in "Family Side Shows" is actually caricature. A great number of letters of Samuel Ward IV, brother of Julia Ward Howe, are at Craigie House in Cambridge, Massachusetts because of his connection with Longfellow. That additional Ward papers might be there is suggested by the comments in this letter of 10 May 1938 from Laura E. Richards to her sister Maud Howe Elliott. This morning comes your delightful letter, telling me about the Longfellow letters and SO on. I take it that Craigie House is being kept as a sort of museum and general repository of all things connected with H.W.L., and perhaps father reaching, taking in the other worthies of Cambridge of that time. Pq- FÁMOUS LOBBYIST DEAD 3 New York Times (1857-Current file); May 20, 1884; ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times pg. 5 A FAMOUS LOBRYIST DEAD hisyouth. and was always looking out for fresh information on the subject. He had read all the books that afforded a hint on oooking from those, of ancient Greece to. his own day. and he had SAM WARD DIES IN ITALY IN HIS watched with epiourean BY mpathy the best oull- SEVENTY-FIRST YEAR. nary processes of Germany Italy, Russia, France, England, and America. He was convinced that MAN WHO ENJOYED HIMSELF IN MAKING perfect digeation was the true source of happf- ness, and that he who dined properly would enjoy OTHERS HAPPY-PRINCE OF GOOD FEL- an easy conscience, and see the world in its finest light. He knew to the exact degree what tem- LOWS AND FRIEND OF GREAT MEN. perature Bordeaux, Burgundy, sherry, and cham- Sam Ward, the king of lobbyists and pagne should bear. and was the most advanced thinker in everything that pertained to dainti- prince of epicures, died in the little Summer ness of the table. He was no mean cook himself, resort of Pegli. Italy, yesterday, in the seventy- and could on occassion turn out food 80 appe- first year of his age. He had spent the last 18 tizing that the rudest Spartan might be tempted by it. His gastronomic knowledge was his stock months in Europe, living principally with in trade, and upon it he lived like a potentate in his nephew, F. Marion Crawford, the Washington for nearly a score of years. novelist, in Rome, but failing health Sam Ward first went to Washington to aid in the passage of the bill for the contraction of the drove him to Pegli, where it was boped currency, which was favored by Secretary of the the climate would restore the genial old gentle- Treasury McCulloch, and for his work as lob- man. The hopes of his friends reapparently to byist in regard to this measure he received $12,- 000 as 'dinner expenses." He conducted this be justified, for after his removal to Pegli Mr. business to the satisfaction of everybody Ward began to show signs of returning vigor. and interested, and his next task was the advo- a letter received in this city last week from Mr. cacy of a tax on lotteries, a soheme which he supported in behalf of John Morris- Crawford spoke cheeringly of his condition. say- sey, who wanted the tax imposed, because ing that he was growing stronger and stronger he was willing to pay it. knowing that none of every day, and would probably pay a visit to this his competitors could afford to do 80. Mr. Mor- rissey advanced a good sum to cover" dinner ex- city next Autumn. This programme has been penses" to Congressmen, and Sam Ward spent it suddenly set aside by his unexpected death, the to the satisfaction of his employer and the Con- news of which was an utter surprise to the many gressmen, whom he provided with probably the only artistic dinner that they ever enjoyed. friends and acquaintances of "Uncle Sam," as he After these two jobs the fame of Sam was was familiarly known, in this city. By his bed- established, and be found plenty of men to en- side when he died were his sister, Mrs. Luther gage his services as gastronomic pacificator," as he called himself. Much of the railroad legis- Terry, who resides in Rome: his nephew. F. lation of Congress was discussed and modeled Marion Crawford, and a number of appreciative over the dinners which 8am prepared, and over and loving friends. The nearest relatives who which he presided with so much grace and genial hospitality. Whenever a difficulty presented survive him are Mrs. Terry and Mrs. Julia Ward itself in the shape of personal grounds among Howe, another sister. the public men of Washington Sam ap- The name of Sam Ward only needs to be spoken peared as the Great Reconciler." When Gen. Garfield (afterward President) and to recall to the minds of thousands in this city James Brooks on one side, and Fernando and Washington the figure of a man who can Wood and Gen. Schenck on the other, became never be forgotten by those who have once seen sworn enemies, Sam Ward arranged a large din- ner party at Welcker's, the Delmonico's of Wash- him, and especially by those who have sat ington, and invited the warring statesmen, tak- at his table or listened to his entertaining ing care not to let one party know that the other talk. A short, stout man, with a broad was expected. They met in the ante-room, and passed each other coldly, each couple hid- chest and long powerful arms, a chubby, ing their surprise at the rencontre, but florid face, which told no less of good hu- each inwardly vowing vengeance against Ward mor. than of good living, set off and given in the near future. When the dining-room was entered the enemies found that Sam had 80 ar- more expression by a white mustache and a ranged it that they were seated side by side. tapering white imperial, Sam Ward gave one Good breeding forcade them to change their the impression at first sight of a wily, but seats, and before the dinner was ha f over the in- fluence of Sam's wine and food was felt, and the dignified diplomat. His head, in his later sworn enemies were fast friends. years. was perfectly bald, save for a little The exploit in which Sam Ward took the most rim of snowy hair around the edge, and his bluish pride during his career in Washington was giv- gray eyes were always twinkling as though be ing to President Johnson the first news of was trying to suppress an outburst of laughter his impeachment, and it was on his recommenda- over some remarkably good joke which he was tion, as he always claimed, that Johnson secured unwilling to share with the world at large. His the counsel that he did. "It was on Washing- surprise. Samuel Ward, as he was christened, though he to the President, when I found him at 10 o'clock. would hardly have recognized himself had he told him to secure the most eminent counsel, been called anything but plain, familiar "Sam," half Democrats and half Republicans. He took was born in this city in January, 1814. fath- Curtis and Evarts and Nelson and Groesbeck. er, after whom he was named. was a member What killed the impeachment it is not for me to of the house of Prince, Ward & King, say here. But it is due to the late Senator Grimes, at that time one of the wealthiest bank- of Iowa, to state that he was the hero of the OC- ing firms in this city. The credit of this casion." house was higher than that of any bank in The great strength of Sam Ward in his dinner America, and they did what at that time was an parties lay in the fact that he was the incarna- enormous business. Sam was born with a golden tion, so to speak. of European luxury. When spoon in his mouth, and if he let it slip from giving a dinner he scarcely tasted anything him- him marry times in his subsequent career, he self, bestowing nearly all of his own time in clung to it tenaciously during his youthful days, attentions to his guests. On days of great ban- and made the most of the opportunities which quets he usually ate a mutton chop and drank it gave him. The boy was reared in luxury, and a glass of Burgundy himself before the hour developed a strong tendency to spend money for the dinner, and when that time arrived he rapidly, instead of devoting his energies to ac- merely attended to the wants of his guests. Dur- cumulating it. as his father had done before him. ing the administration of Secretary McCulloch He was sent for his early education to the Round in the Treasury Mr. Ward was a veritable power Hill school, at Northampton, Mass., and then he behind the throne, and seekers after legislation studied under the late Joseph G. Copewell and as well as legislators themselves understood it George Bancroft, the historian. Coming from and bowed to his power. He was a strong and the Round Hill school he entered Columbia Col- earnest Democrat and a great friend of President lege in 1829, and was graduated in 1831, skip- Johnson, who was himself not averse to ping a year and a half of the collegiate sharing the honor of Sam's table. When Gen. course. Then his father sent him to Europe, Grant was made President Mr. Ward's power where he spent four years in study, and observa- was. of course, greatly curtailed. He tried hard tions on French and German cookery, for to gain influence with Secretary Evarts, who even when a boy be had developed a remarkably was Hayes's Secretary of State, but failed, and fasildious taste, and before he had reached his his power gradually waned from the close of majority he was a recognized authority on gas- Johnson's term. Still, there was a respectable tronomics among his fellow-students. It was his Democratic minority in Congress. and Sam Ward opinion at this early age that the main object of was found very handy in preparing good dinners life was to live well, and he devoted as much care for them. It was always claimed by his hosts of to the ordering of his meals as he did to the cul- friends that, although an acknowledged lobbyist, ture of his mind. although he by no means neg- he was not a corrupt man, and that he never lected the latter branch of his studies. went beyond his gastronomic feats in his While abroad Sam accomplished his first liter- efforts to influence legislation. It is certain ary labor, which was the translation of Laplace's that Sam never had more than money enough Mécanique Celeste." Hisexecution of this work during the most successful part of his career as gained for him the friendship of Laplace, who a lobbyist to pay his. daily expenses. He threw introduced him to Humboldt and a number of money about him with a lavish hand, and often the leading savants of Europe, thus laying the when be had had $1,000 in his pocket in the morn- foundation of that extensive acquaintance with ing he was without enough in the evening to pay foreign celebrities which he so assiduously culti- for a carriage. As long as Sam Ward had a doliar vated in after years. In 1837 he returned to his friends were welcome to a portion or all of it. this city and was admitted as a partner It was in 1881, after the inauguration of Gar- in his father's bank. He showed little inclination field. that Ward gave up living in Washington to attend to business in the whirl of Wall-street, and returned to this city to live. He took a however, but a great deal of inclination to draw house at No. 84 Clinton-place and entertained his his share of the profits regularly and enjoy friends as lavishly as of old, making money 8 life of luxury and good eating. He enough in Wall-street to keep his establishment. entered society with zest, and having a It was here that he entertained Oscar Wilde and wealthy father, and being possessed of unusually almost every European of note who visited entertaining powers as a conversationalist, he the city. His old friend, James R. Keene, soon became a favorite among the select people was taken dangerously ill about this time, and who made up society in the first half of this cen- Ward nursed him as tenderly as though ne were tury, He soon found himself head over ears in a babe. Keene recovered, and out of gratitude love with the daughter of William B. Astor, and for Ward's attentions, to which he believed after a short but characteristically vigorous he owed his life, purchased a lot of Northern courtship he won the lady's heart and inconti- Pacific stock, held it in his name until tbe nently married her. Miss Astor lived only three profite amounted to a good fortune, and years after her marriage, dying in 1840 and leav- then turned the gain over to Sam. putting him ing Sam with a daughter to care for. This child on his feet again. With this money in his subsequently became the wife of Congressman pooket Sam closed up his house one day about John W. Chanler. Mr. Ward subsequently mar- two years ago, and started for Europe to spend ried Miss Medora Grymes, the daughther of the remainder of his days. He always pre- New-Orleans lawyer, and this lady lived until a ferred Europe to America, and it was the few years ago. when she died in Paris, where she dream of his life to be able some time to had been living to educate her two sons. Sam lived there. He was as hale and hearty when he was not a domestic man in any sense of the word, left this city, although 68 years old, as when a and his married life was not altogether happy. young man, and when disengaged and left to his In the meantime, Sam continued in Wall-street own whims was capable of clearing a big dish of with his father, working a little, but enjoying truffles en servietee, with a quart bottle of cham- himself more, and living completely up to his pagne to wash it down. and then going to bed income, which was a handsome a peculiarity and passing the night in dreamless repose. which characterized him through life. He Sam Ward was. in the earlier days of his career. was not a aomestic man in any sense or the word, left this city, although 68 years old, as when a and his married life was not altogether happy. young man, and when disengaged and left to his In the meantime, Sam continued in Wall-street own whims was capable of clearing a big dish of with his father, working a little, but enjoying truffles en servietee, with a quart bottle of cham- himself more, and living completely up to his pagne to wash it down. and then going to bed income, which was a handsome a peculiarity and passing the night in dreamless repose. which characterized him through life. He Sam Ward was. in the earlier days of his career, studied cook-books and improved on the prepara- looked upon as a delightful essayist and a clever tion of French dishes, imported his wines, select- poet. More than a quarter ofa century ago, when ing them with great care, and gave good din- his sister, Julia Ward Howe, published her ners to bis friends, until 1849, when the firm volume of poems entitled 'Passion Flowers," of Prime, Ward & King succumbed to a financial he declared that he could equal them, and stringency, and he found himself a bankrupt on some of his associates having expressed the street. His courage, largely fed by his inim- doubt of bis ability, he set to work. itable animal spirits, which nothing could dash, and in a few months issued a little book of did not fail at this crisis. The California gold poems, which was very favorably received. He fever bad just broken out, and Sam thought he was well up in Greek and the classics. and de- saw a chance to retrieve his fortunes. He joined lighted in referring to writers not generally a party of "Argonauts" and sailed around known. with whom he was familiar. such as Ja- the Horn for San Francisco. Reaching the cobi. Stendahl, Giordano Bruno, Helietius, and Golden Gate, he saw that there was a Holboch. Healways kept abreast of currentliter- great lack of accommodations for the many car- ature, and could give intelligent opinions of all the goes which were flowing from the East, and in- new books, whether philosophy, poetry. biogra- stead of going to the mines be established an auc- phy. or essay. He numbered among his friends tion and mercantile house and at once gained 8 and acquaintances some of the most prominent large and profitable business in that line of men and women of Europe, including Prince trade. He accumulated a large fortune in Bismarck, King Humbert of Italy, Victor Hugo, a very short time, notwithstanding the fact President Grévy, Gladstone, Robert Browning, that he spent recklessly as he went, but the Prince of Wales, the Emperor Francis Jo- fortune again smote him, and his warehouses seph, the Czar of Russia, Thomas Huxley, the and property were swept away in the great con- poet Tennyson, Hortense Schneider, Mary E. fiagration which visited San Francisco in 1851, Braddon, Rhoda Broughton, Pope Leo XIII., when nearly $7,000,000 worth of property was de- Paul de Cassagnac, Cardinal Newman, Don Car- stroyed. Sam then went to the mines, but was los. Alphonse Daudet, Sarah Bernhardt, the late unsuccessful, and he passed a few months among Charles Reade, Ernest Renan, Henri Rochefort, the Piute Indians, who looked upon him as a won- and the Duke of Argyll, and Dom Pedro, Em- derful man, and made him a chief. It was peror of Brazil. his boast in after years that at this period of his career he made a bet with a miner that he could learn any Indian dialect in three weeks, and that be won his bet by learning the Plute dialect. The ways of the savages, wever, and particularly their rude method of preparing food, proved distasteful to him, and, after remaining with them a year, he turned from them in dis- gust and made his way back to this city. He opened a small broker's office in Wall-street in 1853. and began life once more in the midst of civilization. His success was not great, but he made enough to live well, and, according to his invariable custom, spent all that he made on himself and his friends. For the next nine years he passed a kind of roving life, remaining nowhere for any long period, visiting Mexico, Paraguay, and Nicaragua, where he went to secure the renewal of the transit across the Isthmus of Panama, which was afterward rendered useless by the blocking up of the har- bor of Greytown with sand. In 1885 he appeared in Washington, and entered upon what Talley- rand has called the "best kind of diplomacy," the reconciliation of bostile political factions by means of good dinners and social entertainments, and from this time on Sam became known as a national figure-better known, indeed. to the country at large than Senators or Represent- atives. He had only $5,000 as a capital upon which to start when he went to Washington, but he entered upon a career of splendor which daz- ded the country and fairly bewildered the states- men of the interior and far West with whom his peculiar business often brought him in contact. He soon became known as the King of Lobbyists," a title of which he was proud, and the Great Reconciler," a name in which he took still greater delight. His power as a mediator during the inglorious term of Andrew Johnson became so great, and was so generally recognized, that the mere fact that he advocated a measure in Washington was looked upon as strong argument in favor of its adop- tion. He lived like a prince, entertained all the brightest and most celebrated men of the coun- try. treating all alike, indifferent as to their poli- tics or religion. and gained an amazing influence in national affairs, which he turned to good ac- count for those.whom he favored. All this Sam did through his power as gastro- nomical pacificator. His theory was that the way to win men's support and good will was through their throats, and that the best, because the most available, part of men's souls rests in their stomaohs.i He acted on this belief through- out his career as & lobyist, nearly 18 years, and his exportance went far to justify his belief. No person living had a more accurate understanding of what constituted a perfect meal than Sam Ward. He had made the matter & study since Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 47/Acadia, DOX 441. NAKA 1crl Nollicia 101 UNITED STATES RCHIVES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE File December 23, 1946 MEMORANDU for the Superintendent, Acadia National Park. There is enclosed a copy of Superintendent Small's memorandum of December 17, concerning the Dorr's family collection of papers at Acadia, which is self-explanatory. You will observe that he is interested in getting certain information concerning these papers which might be useful at Salem. Be would appreciate your comments on the questions raised by Superintendent Small, and request that they be sent to this office in four copies. Thomas J. Allen, legional Director. nclosure 250 Cc: Director w/attachment ashington NATIONAL ARCHIVES NARA/COl R6791 CCF,1933-49/Acedia. Box 791. Kabler UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 54 December 19, 1946. Mrs. Richard W. Hale, Strawberry Hill, R. F. D. No. 1, Needham, Massachusetts. Lear Mrs. Hale: We are interested in collecting all the historical data we can on the areas in the National Park System. Mr. George B. Dorr, over a period of many years, was active in the establishment of Acadia National Park, Bar Harbor, Maine, and became its first superintendent. He was also interested in Salem Maritime National Historic Site, Salem, Massachusetts, especially because of ancestral associations. We shall appreciate any references that you may suggest as to possible sources of information covering Mr. Dorr's interest and activities in the two above-mentioned areas. Sincerely yours, FILLORY A. TOLSON Hillory A. Tolson, HEX:1c Assistant Director. cc:/hr. Demaray. Regional Director, Region One (2). ARCHIVES A/CPIR679/CCF,1933-49/Acdia Box 791. Salem Maritime National Historic Site Custom House, Derby Street Salem, Massachusetts December 17, 1946. MEATOMANDUM for the Regional Director, Region One: Reference is made to the memorandum of December 11 from Acting Regional Director Cox quoting a paragraph from Superintendent Hadley's memorandum of December 4 concerning historical material relative to Salem from former Super- intendent Dorr's family papers at Acadia National Park. The families of Gray and card were both important during the brilliant era of Salem shipping and if letters and documents left by Mr. Dorr touch on their business enterprises during this period or even only provide information about their family life and activities, we are sure they would be of consider- able interest and value here in Salem. We find that the Essex Institute has the following on the Grays and Wards in its collection of manuscripts: Gray, William and Gray, William, dr. Letters, etc., 1804-1852 1 envelope card, John Receipts, 1821-1822 1 envelope ard, Joshua Bills, 1758-1829; invoices, etc., 1781-1801; letters, 1780-1804; shipping, 1781-1839 38 boxes ard, Miles 1 envelope Commercial, 1699-1819 1 portfolio ard family 15 volumes Commercial, 1709-1832 2 envelopes It is our thought that former Superintendent Dorr's papers may possibly contain desirable additions and supplements to the above collections. If this is the case, they are for certain well worth further examination. In this connection we would be interested to know whether it is intended to retain all of former Superintendent Dorr's papers at Acadia National Park or whether the pertinent family papers might be available for deposit here at Salem. NAL ARCHIVES NARA /CP/ RG79/CCF, 1933-491Archia, Box 791. If for the seantime the papers are to be kept intact at Acadia, we would be very glad of the opportunity to examine them sometime during the course of the next travel season when it may be possible as it is not now for us to motor down that way. Some further indication 38 to the quantity of the papers relating to the Salem families and the way in which the papers are now preserved or stored would be helpful. (Sgd) Edwin W. Small Edwin W. Small, Superintendent. CC: Regional Director, Region One (2) Coord. Supt., Korristown MHP