"E, tablishing Dr. Ahbe's thereen in Mr.Worri Park." MDI History Journal 5 (2003) assessment of their relationship will deepen our appreciation of the unique dynamic that shaped the genesis of Acadia National Park, the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, and the Abbe Museum. Many people who are steeped in the traditions of MDI are acquainted with the basic biographical details of these two rusticators. Robert Abbe was born in New York City, educated in its public schools and graduated from both the College of the City of New York and the College of Physicians and Surgeons. A friend and biographer of Dr. Abbe referred to "his exactness of thought, his precision of action, his deftness of hand his sympathetic spirit, his courage and imagination which drove him into the great and vital calling of a surgeon. In the last two decades of the 19th century he pioneered techniques at St. Luke's Hospital and other metropolitan medical centers that yielded new procedures in cranial, spinal, and intestinal Abbe Museum - Sieur de Monts surgery that remain standard procedures to this day. During this Establishing Dr. Abbe's Museum in Mr. Dorr's Park period Abbe adopted Bar Harbor as his summer retreat. Attracted to the non-invasive potential of newly discovered radium, in 1904 he by Ronald H. Epp Ph.D. visited the Paris laboratories of Pierre and Marie Curie. After For nearly filly years (1881-1928) the paths of two prominent Bar returning to America, Dr. Abbe introduced this new therapy to his Harbor residents intersected repeatedly. Dr. Robert Abbe (1851- colleagues and for the remainder of his life experimented with its 1928) and Mr. George B. Dorr (1853-1944) were moving applications. The aplastic anemia that took his life in 1928 may have independently in the same direction, aligned with other summer resulted from experimentation with a radioactive substance of and permanent Hancock County residents, toward improving the uncertain properties. quality of life on Mount Desert Island (MDI). In the last six years Like Dr. Abbe, George Bucknam Dorr's origins were cosmopolitan of Dr. Abbe's life, Dorr and Abbe would share the path that led to a and he too traced his ancestors back to early 17th-century English glade beside the Springhouse at Sieur de Monts in Lafayette origins. Dorr's parents were affluent Boston Brahmins who sent National Park. At this site a museum of native American artifacts their two sons to Harvard College and traveled widely as a family was being erected that would bear Dr. Abbe's name. Unfortunately, he on the Continent and to Mediterranean countries. Shortly after the would not witness its dedication nor oversee its early development death of their eldest son they journeyed to Bar Harbor and were In 2003 the Abbe Museum celebrated its 75th anniversary: the same sufficiently impressed with the area to purchase seventy acres of year marked the 150th anniversary of Mr. Dorr's birth. The land facing Compass Harbor. With no strong economic incentive to intersection of the interests of Dorr and Abbe, the exercise of their pursue a profession, George Dorr's involvement with the Harvard distinctive areas of expertise, and their shared values would prove to scholarly community grew as its Philosophy Department, under the be very important for the development of the Island. Their leadership of William James, entered its Golden Age. collaborative effort was a deliberate attempt to create scientific and AI the same time Dorr's involvement with the new Bar Harbor cultural instruments that both preserved the beauty and health of the Village Improvement Association (BIIVIA) intensified, especially Island as well as the remains from pre European settlement A timely in horticultural and trailblazing endeavors. Beginning in 1901 Dorr to summer in Bar Harbor in the early 1870's. Like the Abbes their found his "profession" in executing the mission of the newly lives were rooted in the Gilded Age cities where they could hobnob formed Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations (HCTPR), with prominent citizens like the celebrated publisher James Fields; "an endeavor to preserve for public enjoyment the scenic and his close friend Charles Dickens was invited to a Christmas eve historic sites of Mount Desert."3 A lifelong bachelor, Dorr's dinner at the Dorr's Boston residence.4 In Bar Harbor they designed sustained romance was with this place, a decidedly non- a state-of-the-art cottage which was winterized for year round cosmopolitan island in Frenchman Bay. Over four decades he occupancy. Built in 1878, Old Farm and its bountiful gardens assiduously assembled tracts of land, negotiated the donation of this became a social nexus under the careful direction of Mary Dorr, land to the people of the United States, and administered the first where family, friends, literary, scientific, and political notables were national park east of the Rocky Mountains for twenty-eight years invited. Her guest book is one of the most cherished possessions of until his death in 1944 at 90 years of age. the Bar Harbor Historical Society Museum. It documents the What led Dorr, Abbe and other notable rusticators to steward this intellectual environment afforded young George Dorr in Bar Harbor small island, a place to which none were wedded by family ties or although the intellectuals in Cambridge provided him with a economic necessity? In these times when we journey to a locale for scholarly environment more to his liking. recreational pursuits, few of us entertain the vexing question SO The earliest documented interaction between Robert Abbe and important to these summer residents: how might this island be George Dorr occurs early in the 20th century when Catherine Abbe, improved and protected from forces that would degrade it or his wife, contributed financially to establish the Building of the segregate it from public use? Arts, Bar Harbor's first cultural icon. As President of the Building The Culture of Bar Harbor of the Arts Founders Committee, George Dorr sought "to increase not only the love for music but the desire for whatever is excellent Most of us have more than passing familiarity with the 19th century in art."5 In 1905 Catherine Abbe, George W. Vanderbilt and others benchmarks of MDI development. The discovery of the natural joined Dorr in purchasing land adjacent to the Kebo Valley Club splendors of the Island by the artists of the Hudson River School and funded the initial architectural design of this new facility. and the case of movement to the Island from metropolitan areas by According to the obituary in the Bar Harbor Times, both Dr. and Mrs. steam-powered ships and railroad resulted in the post-Civil War Abbe "were among the moving spirits whose vision and energy discovery of the island by Boston, Philadelphia, and New York resulted in the [1907] completion of the Building of the Arts." For families whose wealth was largely a product of the Industrial more than thirty years the Building of the Arts Associates would Revolution. offer Island residents performing artists of international renown, due We know from hotel registry lists published in the Mount Desert in no small part to Catherine Abbe's continuing involvement until Herald that Dr. Abbe first took rooms in the Belmont Hotel in 1881, her death in 1920. and thereafter routinely summered in Bar Harbor as the community Improving and Protecting Life rapidly prospered. Following his marriage he and his wife Catherine During the first decade of the 20th century Dorr and Abbe deepened purchased Brook End abutting Frenchman Bay beside Duck Brook. their formal involvement in the development of the Island. George Although the documentation of the first decade of the Abbe's Dorr and his parents were active in the local village improvement involvement in Bar Harbor culture is minimal, the evidence for the association from its inception in 1891. The BHVIA minutes Dorr family's activities is substantial. ( Thatles and Mary Dorr began provide extensive documentation of the involvement of Mary and George Dorr in the diverse committees that were responsible for community quality of life in the absence of a centralized town In 1910 Dr. Abbe's name first appeared on the HCTPR membership government structure that we now take for granted. list. This date also signaled the first documented interaction between him and Dorr. Its consequence would have dramatic implications for One key BHVIA concern was public health issues which were the the Island. Dr. Abbe sent a letter to Dorr, who was the land responsibility of the sanitation acquisition agent for the Trustees, identifying land development on committee. In an era when little the shores of Eagle Lake that threatened the purity of Bar Harbor's was known about bacteriology water supply. Relying as well on Seal Harbor physician William T. and disease transmission, the Sedgwick (whose recent monograph on public water supplies was Island's village improvement regarded as authoritative), Dorr used this latest sanitation threat to societies were the sole mount a formidable campaign in the State capital. 10 His intent was investigative, corrective, and to protect the public from the self serving interests of land developers. preventative agents to the threats posed by contaminated water, In short order he secured the power of eminent domain for the milk, and a host of pestilences. Trustees from the State of Maine. With one mighty stroke Dorr The BHVIA annual reports revealed the political astuteness that would grow in the decades contain recurring news of efforts ahead. The authority embedded in the legal concept of eminent to mitigate malaria, typhoid, domain not only protected Bar Harbor health in the short run but scarlet fever, tuberculosis, and also enabled the Trustees to realize more easily their long range other afflictions. In 1907 Dr. conservation objectives for MDI. Abbe founded the Sanitation The magnitude of Dorr's achievements as executive agent for the Committee and worked closely Dr. Robert Abbe Trustees is well documented in correspondence between President with Dorr and other committee members to develop public health Eliot and John D. Rockefeller Jr. Dorr's aggressive acquisition of policies and procedures. Following his death in 1928, the BHVIA protected land prompted both men to express to one another their minutes would memorialize Dr. Abbe as "a lover of nature, a man concern that too many properties were acquired at the expense of of artistic sensitiveness, a scientist, a surgeon, a gentleman of Dorr's personal fortune. 11 Of the 129 properties acquired by the distinguished attainments, and a rarely lovable friend." Trustees in its first 38 years, an astounding 53 properties (from In time Abbe became interested in the Hancock County Trustees of small parcels to tracts of more than a thousand acres) were executed Public Reservations (HCTPR), an organization that grew from the by Dorr during a brief eight year period between 1908 and 1915. vision of Harvard University President Charles W. Eliot. Formed in Two small parcels west of Duck Brook were deeded to the Trustees 1901 through the efforts of eight incorporators (including Eliot, by Dr. Abbe in September 1919; no documentation identifies the Dorr, John S. Kennedy, and Luere Deasy of Bar Harbor), the motivation for the gift but it is hard to believe that Dorr was not Trustees became the key agent in changing resident perception about involved. the importance of the unique natural beauties of the Island. On Outside the Trustee framework, Abbe allied himself with Dorr's land January I, 1903 the Trustees were incorporated by the state of acquisition activities. Following the death in 1914 of the famous Maine "to acquire, hold and maintain and improve for free public Philadelphia physician S. Weir Mitchell--who summered in Bar use lands in Hancock County which by reason of scenic beauty, Harbor-residents discussed at length a suitable memorial for this historical interest, sanitary advantage or for other reasons may be beloved gentleman. Since marine biology was one of Mitchell's available for the purpose. Establishim II, Whet Maseum All 17 interests, Dorr thought that his name should be associated with a validation process was involved to secure Congressional approval to living memorial where scientific research was pursued. Once a establish Lafayette National Park in 1919. 14 It is not unreasonable suitable site was identified, he asked Abbe to draft an appeal for to suppose that Abbe's interest in mapping the Island would aid this funds to purchase the old Emery Farm in Hulls Cove. Within another process. A letter in the National Archives provides one indication of five years the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory (MDIBL) the scope of the relationship between Abbe and Dorr. David H. would be established in there due in no small part to this alliance.12 Morris, a Bar Harbor summer resident and friend to both Abbe and These activities clearly show development of the skills required for Dorr, wrote to Secretary of the Interior Franklin Lane in August creation and management of 1917 regarding the renaming of Island geographical features. institutional enterprises. Morris' letter cites four reasons--credited to Dr. Abbe-- for Mapping the Island renaming Dry Mountain (also known as Flying Squadron Mountain) Both Abbe and Dorr trekked as Dorr Mountain. At a time when government policies the trails and memorial prohibited naming geographical features after individuals who were paths of the Island. For more still alive, Abbe's high regard for his colleague flew in the face of than three decades Dorr convention. constructed footpaths and At the same time Abbe began creating the widely celebrated supervised trail development Champlain Map of Mount Desert Island. Several of these relief that went well beyond Bar maps survive--in the Abbe Museum and the Bar Harbor Historical Harbor. Repeatedly Society Museum. First designed in 1915, successive versions of this traversing cross-island carry map were produced and widely distributed over the next decade. trails established by the "Under the direction of Mr. Dorr," the map was photographed and Wabenaki, pathfinders from plates attractive note card maps were distributed as Christmas recognized that many routes greetings in 1925.16 provided access to inland ponds and marshes utilized Park Superintendent As both men approached their seventh decade their mapping efforts for hunting and gathering of George Buckman Dorr were curtailed by age and failing health. Governor Ralph Brewster articulated the concerns of Dr. Abbe's friends for the "weariness, consumables. 13 Dorr was also attentive to the subtle topographical variations that would prove essential in orchestrating Trustees land the fever, and the fret" that he endured, requiring repeated hospitalization and frequent transfusions. 17 Both men had reason to acquisition. The complexity of Dorr's geographically centered be concerned for each other's health. Dorr who was hospitalized mental landscape was critical to the property demarcation issues involved in the development of Lafayette National Park as well as his during this period following a narrow escape from death when he new collaboration with John D. Rockefeller Jr. in carriage and motor was struck by an auto in Boston. As an avid hiker and trailblazer, road construction. Dorr might reasonably fear that his legs would fail him as he aged. In the end, it would not be his legs that would betray him, but his During the period 1914 through 1919 Dorr was entirely focused on eyes. The glaucoma that had restricted his reading ability since his the federal government processes involved in legally transferring Harvard College years and would ultimately lead to blindness--and more than 5,000 acres of Trustee land to the United States. diminished capacities--in the decade following Abbe's death. Although President Wilson created from this donated land the Sieur de Monts National Monument in 1916 a fm more complex deed The Vision of the Museum The Scope of the Museum In his 1935 memorial essay, Reverend William Lawrence acknowledges Although Dorr's inherited wealth supported many of his that at 71 years of age, Abbe's "work seemed to be finished; his conservation enterprises, Abbe required financial support in order to health was failing and invalidism to his life's end was certain."18 realize his museum vision. Since Abbe was inexperienced in fund raising, he relied on others for advice. Following the significant However, the sight of the native American stone implements that lay initial $25,000 endowment from Mrs. Walter G. Ladd, Reverend behind F.E. Sherman's china store window on Cottage street Lawrence offered Abbe nothing less than a short course in fund- revitalized Abbe and presented him with a new challenge. In The raising involving community education, publicity, and extensive Beginnings of a Museum, Abbe recalled this moment as inspiration glad handing. 26 One important potential donor had already been for the park museum: "When I saw these implements I was filled with a desire to possess and study them." Abbe purchased the stones approached; in April 1926 Abbe sent John D. Rockefeller Jr. both the newest relief map and a sketch of the proposed museum. Even and after returning to New York "the idea of utilizing them as a nucleus for a local museum possessed me."19 At the 1928 museum though the sketch was returned, the seed had been planted and Mr. Rockefeller contributed $10,000 in his name and another $5,000 as dedication Judge Leure Deasy remarked that "hundreds of us cast a glance at [these stones] and passed on. Only Abbe grasped their a memorial to Dr. Cornelius Woelfkin, a physician and friend.27 significance and anticipated their museum applications. October 11th, 1926 marked an important milestone when Museum The realization of this vision required both local and national President Dorr signed the papers incorporating the museum within support. Although the details are unknown, within two years Dorr Lafayette National Park; curiously, Abbe's name is absent from would bring Secretary of the Interior Hubert Work to Brook End to these legal documents. Correspondence between Dorr and Abbe meet Dr. Abbe. He viewed the artifacts and Abbe sketched his now center on the establishment of a museum organizational museum project. He recalls that Secretary Work "was enthusiastic structure, committee assignments, and finalization of the incorporator ...and showed me a telegram conveying a gift of $60,000 from the list required by the State of Maine. Over the winter months Dorr Laura Spellman Rockefeller Foundation for a similar museum for and Abbe planned the construction of the museum although it is the Yellowstone Park."22 The MDI artifacts were also displayed unclear what roles each assumed. What is clear is that Dorr sought locally at the Jesup Memorial Library. John D. Rockefeller Jr. wrote to expand Abbe's familiarity with museum curatorship by to Dr Abbe that his "boys" will appreciate seeing them there. 23 Dorr introducing him to William Otis Sawtelle, founder of the Islesford Historical Museum. continued to play a key role in fostering public awareness of this growing collection of artifacts by writing to National Park Service Philadelphia architect Edmund B. Gilchrist was commissioned to Director Stephen Tyng Mather that "my old friend, Dr. Robert Abbe design the structure. In April 1927 Dorr writes to Abbe in New York of New York, has become deeply interested during this past summer, City of his daylong meetings with Gilchrist discussing site and muse- in the establishment of an Indian museum in connection with the Park. "24 um design as well as topics from grades of quarried stone to shades At this juncture we should pause to inquire about the extent of of roof tiles. Dorr was clearly pleased with the architectural paral- Dorr's interest in native American culture. The only clear evidence lels between the Sieur de Monts Springhouse and the proposed is a 1919 letter in which Dorr states his intent to publish a series of museum, an affinity recognized by landscape architect Beatrix papers focused on native and European interactions." Though we Farrand.28 Architect Gilchrist wrote to Dorr that at Abbe's suggestion may judge his scholarly interest in native cultures as slight, his architectural invoices would be sent to Dorr to ensure payment by commitment to realizing Abbe's vision was not museum treasurer, Judge Deasy. Work began on June 12, 1927 with granite stone for the structure footprint secured from a quarry owned by Dorr." To this day the foundation of the park muscum the Abbe estate was settled, the largest single bequest ($50,000) rests on granite provided at Dorr's personal expense. went to May Moon in recognition of her 32 years of service as Despite Dorr's monumental efforts to develop a constructive secretary and caregiver of Dr. Abbe. The only significant gift to relationship between the Island and the federal government, there someone who was not a relative, employee, or an organization was were problems between the museum and the new National Park the $10,000 bequest to George B. Dorr. Sixteen years later Dorr Service (NPS). Dorr's failure to report the use of Lafayette National reciprocated when his executors directed one quarter of his estate to the Abbe Museum. Park resources for museum purposes in his monthly superintendent reports to the NPS is highly provocative. Without his silence on this Everything That Was Best matter, museum construction may have been handicapped by Dorr continued to provide leadership as one of the museum directors governmental accountability concerns. for more than a decade following Abbe's death-even as he distanced The Vision Realized himself from issues of control. In 1931 he encouraged Dr. Warren Dr. Abbe did not live to see his museum completed. His death in K. Moorehead, the leading authority on Maine archacology, to March 1928, received worldwide news coverage. While the continue his fieldwork on behalf of the museum and to prepare a obituaries were similar, one claim is curious as well as misleading. publication on the "Indians of Mount Desert Island."3. The New York World refers to Dr. Abbe as a "prime mover" in the Dorr's interest in the dynamics of museum purpose, ownership, establishment of Lafayette National Park whereas The New York control, and financing was complex, especially since the NPS was Times refers to Dr. Abbe's "role" in its creation. No surviving only beginning to develop its own museum policies. Two key issues documents support these claims although the Bar Harbor Times affected the development of the museum. Tension exists when any announcement of Dr. Abbe's death cannot be easily dismissed. "A private non-profit corporation is legally situated within a public notable trio" is the phrase used to describe Eliot, Dorr, and Abbe in organization. John D. Rockefeller Jr. wrote in 1930 that it was "part the establishment of Sieur de Monts National Monument and their of Dorr's contract with me" to effect the "transfer of the Abbe subsequent efforts to create Lafayette National Park; this claim Museum and its endowment to the Park, to be owned and operated echoes an earlier editorial which claimed that Dorr was "closely by the Park."34 As late as 1944, a Museum board meeting was still identified with Dr. Abbe's work, as Dr. Abbe was with Mr. Dorr's struggling with the issue of transferring Museum ownership to the founding of Lafayette National Park."30 NPS; for nearly two decades board members disputed the recurring The August 14, 1928 dedication of the museum was a commemoration park service claim that the 2.3 acre museum property was "under of the life of Dr. Abbe, although it would be another nine years complete [NPS] operative control".35 before the museum formally adopted Abbe's name. The newspaper The other issue involved the nature and control of museum educational report of the dedication acknowledged the 72 donors who supported activities. A 1929 NPS. publication for administration of educational the museum, but directed attention to Dorr who had "much to do programs stressed that the park visitor should be provided with the with the Museum, especially since Dr. Abbe's death, carrying out story of the park as a whole even as specialized exhibits were still the doctor's wishes."31 informally discouraged.36 In a letter to John D. Rockefeller Jr. the Compelling evidence of the Dorr/Abbe relationship is revealed in following year, Kate Ladd--who provided the keystone endowment events after Abbe's death. The telegram from Abbe's relatives that for the museum--expressed her growing concern that national informed the Bar Harbor community of his death. was sent to Old policies were interfering with local control.37 Farm in care of Dorr, his friend for nearly half a century. 32 When These administrative issues are of small consequence within the 32 Establishing Dr. Abbe's Museum in Mr. Dorr's Park Establishing Dr. Abbe's Museum in Mr. Dorr's Park 33 context of the life histories of Abbe and Dorr. Their relationship was DP Don Papers, Jesup Memorial I library, Bm Harbor, MI not exclusively professional; to the contrary, their professional II( TPR: Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations Archives, Woodlawn associations were based on a personal relationship that was deep and Museum, Ellsworth, ME broad-- a friendship based on shared values sustained over decades. NARA: National Archives & Records Administration, RG 79, Acadia National They both were guided by an urge for permanency evident in the Park, College Park MD preservationist motive behind Abbe's museum and implicit in Dorr's RAC: Rockefeller Archive Center, Rockefeller Family Archives, RG2, Sleepy Hollow, NY effort to conserve on the Island its enduring beauty.38 1. This article expands a slide program delivered September 14, 2003 at the Abbe The benchmarks are their own words, their sustained actions to Museum Bar Harbor, Maine in celebration of the 75th anniversary of the Abbe conserve "everything that was best" about Mount Desert Island, and Museum, an event co-sponsored by the Bar Harbor Historical Society. their collaborative effort to create a museum that would continue to 2. ANP. Box 32, File 18. William Lawrence. Robert Abbe (1935). Pg. 3. inspire future generations. 3. HCTPR. File 1901, Samuel A. Eliot, A Brief Record of the Origin and Activities of the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations ( Bar Harbor One final document speaks to the impact of their friendship. Dr. 1939 ). Abbe was honored on his seventieth birthday with hundreds of 4. M.A. DeWolfe Howe's Memories of a Hostess (Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press, birthday wishes. Expressions of affection were written by friends 1922) provides a vivid introduction to Annie Fields, Boston hostess and friend of Mary Dorr. and professional colleagues; they had been gathered in two hand- 5. RAC. OMR. III.2.I. Box 63, Folder 632. G.B. Dorr, A New Building for Music some volumes and preserved in the Abbe Archives. Dorr's note is at Bar Harbor (1905). deserving of special mention because it employs uncharacteristic 6. Bar Harbor Times, September 12 & 19, 1928. religious imagery to convey an implicit message of enduring 7. AA. Case VIII. File 8. affection. Dorr states that he feels honored to count himself "among 8. BHVIA. 1929. your friends. It is a credential that I shall present to St. Peter at the 9. HCTPR. F. 1901. Ibid. Heavenly Gate; and St. Peter will open wide! But should I get there 10. E.O. Jordan et. al. A Pioneer of Public Health: William Thompson Sedgwick first I shall not feel that it is all they've cracked it up to be until you (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1924) tracks Sedgwick's career in this mongraph, noting the influence of the 1905 on Standard Methods of Water come!"39 Analysis that provided microbiological authority for Dorr and Abbe's claims. As we know, Dr. Abbe would predecease Mr. Dorr by sixteen years. 11. RAC. OMR. III.2.I. B. 59, F. 441. February 25, 1915 letter from Charles W. Eliot to John D. Rockefeller Jr. We do not know whether Dorr's "credential" was sufficient to "open wide" the Heavenly Gate. We do know with certainty that the 12. Franklin H. Epstein (ed.) A Laboratory by the Sea: The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory 1898-1998 (Rhinebeck, NY: River Press, 1998). This Earthly Gate into Acadia was opened wide to all because of their centennial volume contains several important essays (pp. 1-63) on the origins of collaborative efforts. the Salisbury Cove facility. 13. ANP. Margie Coffin Brown. Historic Hiking Trail System of Mount Desert ENDNOTES: Island (Bar Harbor: National Park Service, Acadia National Park, 1999). Draft. Pp. 11-16. The following archival archival repositories were consulted: 14. George B. Dorr. The Story of Acadia National Park (Bar Harbor: Acadia AA: Robert Abbe Archives, Abbe Museum Archives, Bar Harbor, ME Publishing, 1985). ANP: Acadia National Park Archives, History of Park Management Records, Bar 15. NARA. RG. 79. Acadia. Miscellaneous Reports. F. 12.2, pt. 2. Harbor, ME 16. Bar Harbor Times, January 13, 1926. BHVIA: Bar Harbor Village Improvement Association Minutes, Jesup Memorial 17. AA. Case III. Correspondence 1924-26. F. 9/10. Extract of August 21, 1925 Library, Bar Harbor, ME letter to Dorr from Brewster. 34 Establishing Dr. Abbe's Museum in Mr. Dorr 's Park Establishing Dr. Abbe's Museum in Mr. Dorr's Park 35 18. ANP. B. 32. F. 18. William Lawrence. Robert Abbe (1935). Pg 1. 19. AA. C. II. F. 2. 20. Bar Harbor Times. August 15, 1928. 21. Bar Harbor Times. July 16, 1924. 22. AA. C. II. F. 2. See also Bar Harbor Times, July 16, 1924. 23. AA. C. III. F. 8. 24. NARA. RG79. Acadia. 1907-39. November 14, 1924. 25. United States Geographic Board. Washington, D.C. April 9, 1919 letter from G.B. Dorr to U.S.G.B. Chairman Frank Bond. 26. AA. C. III. F. 2. Letters of August 28, 1926 & September 26, 1926. 27. AA. C. III. F. 8. September 15, 1927 letter from John D. Rockefeller Jr. to Dr. Abbe. 28. AA. Facilities. C. I. F. 1. May 20, 1927 letter from Beatrix Farrand to G.B. Dorr. 29. Bar Harbor Times. November 2, 1927. 30. Bar Harbor Times. July 11, 1928. 31. Bar Harbor Times. August 15, 1928. 32. Bar Harbor Times. March 7 & 14, 1928. 33. Bar Harbor Times. March 31, 1928.34. RAC. OMR. III. 2. I. B. 74.F.760. July 8, 1930 letter to Fred Lynam. 35. AA. C. III. F. 9. April 29, 1944 letter from NPS Director Newton B. Drury to Fletcher T. Wood. 36. National Park Service. Harpers Ferry Center Library. Historical Collection. RG19. Box K1810. Reports & Recommendations from the Committee on Study of Educational Problems in National Parks, January 9 & November 27, 1929. 37. RAC. OMR. III. 2. I. B. 74. F. 760. 38. Judith S. Goldstein lucidly expands on the power of landscape in satisfying Dorr's "urge for permanancy" in her Majestic Mount Desert (Mount Desert, ME: Somes Pond Press, 1966). 39. AA. Robert Abbe Seventieth Birthday Correspondence. Two Volumes. April 12, 1921 letter from G.B. Dorr. Establishing Dr. Abbe's Museum in Mr. Dorr 's Park