1929 1930 - greattlead Satterlee acquisition. - Contract CBD/JPRFr. (5/19) Abbe -Park nood to Sand Beach mother albright succeeds (1916-29) - GBD in S Franceso, summer 130 - Keloo Rdge foods, /Cadillae Shore 1 Early Road Septem from JDR Jr. Text of Rep. Cranston speach before -Long field (see 879) W6A Congress pnaising retiring NPS Dir. Mother -Extension of JORIS. roads into Beover critrol letters (7/29) bar Harbor area -Death of $ Mother gift of land to TAX (JAX) (see Shaukland #, p. 294). - Letter fun Bumpus (MDIBL) to Jr. (8/19) - often Cliffs Path with, undated "Memorandian" u Support for MDIBL + ANP. - - ANP ctralss authorized pack inclusion F.L. olnisted to JDRFr. of lands off MDT (Selogman) re 3/8-18 visit to ANP -Deed for 680 gift for JAX (ind.map). le other Creeh COVE (ogdens) - Little to Edsel Ford re maining JAX (4/22) - -JDR's Request to Town to Certificate of JAX incorporation (5/11) surveuler Ocean Drive -JAX hst of incorporators H.Albrigut letter to Jr. after -JAX first 40 years he & Carniver visit to ANP -TAX established (5/8) (6/10) Refer to CBO And FLO, Dorr station, C. 1929 -Jr. presses Cinnerer for 1 JAX established 5/8/29 c Dorr's land. quity decision or park - JOR Jrc attitude is Motor Reads Changed- road program (8/27) One of - Woodlawn is apove to public New Computersion System for ANP. - Dr./ lynam cars (6/26) is there letter in for 4 days. transfer of property to gort. - Summary of Deed being precess - -Fosded letter to The u (10/10) CBD schumber Ather, - Name change for Park and bill permets Nursaries, WGA GBN'S Int. Sec traccept lands begond Wainland compensation (7/18) (AUJDR +ANIP summary) - mr Daw's Avaice to Jr. he Peters to Rodick (9/5) on naming of nets $1500 of plants for smm/ Impt. doc: opposed to new names (1930litter) Nerdow from MDNurseries (9/12) Attachers herch Crimicals letter favoring new names (9/11/30) R Mt. Desert N.P. -Jr. letter (9/111/to B. Farrand 1 Jr. to GBD re road devel hering of re nursery stock Jr. owns landocape arch -unnanced Who is Yes? land on which Nursery sits (822) 1 7eb-1930 letters B-H - Lette (4/18) to Sam East notine 1929 decigin totember all land fu us goet incinerator srt t BBD/ - Crombon I tubute to Mather (1/15) in HR on his retirement Trpp. - -Master host of Sr. gifts toos. JPRJr. involvement 1929 1930 - -Deasy becomes Pies of Abbe Hurrien -NPS Announced (8/9/44 of Dors death ad ChiefJustica of llaine Supremeourt -Heydt to Jr. (3/7) re lengthily acct. of refers to 1930 Congrendent legislation Strattley undering Jordan Pond Red contrary Dorr beford retireablege. local opposition. -J. letter to GBD(2/17) re inciveator In B Harbor - clit to GBD(9/14/23) re promotion of aeq. of Schoolic Preminsula. - -Atterbury letter (11/25) to Jr. re - LNP becomes ANP (BHT 1/23/29). Eagle Lake hodge Jordan Pond, Brown Mt. Lada Gatehouses Lengthy use of R.Yard's Analysis of LUP -Bumpus to JORIT (8/20) le MDIBL -Report an Educ. tubles in N.packs 1/9 re JAX and musiums in ANP. - JARI (5/19) fied deed CBB -Repart of Dr. Bumpus ie' two Harden Farm lots. -Essay on ANP + Schoode Co. DPB2F7 -In. to Camneror ie alter cliffs -Engreen deary (4/19) re Cadellac elt. (3/28) relocation of codeo storka to Project Shortic JA raley DINIBLED improperty I Scal WGA, + Abbe Usesm - HECRE fojaz - In. to Kati Ross (5/26) reable nuseem + Dr Bumpies examiness - Jr. letter (2/8) to Lymanto oncoura him to prod dorr to transfer able beesen to NPS. - BHTachele (12/3-12/10/79) pro con motor road expansion - BHT article (9/10/30) on GBD text justifing 14ml. motor road intension fably Jr. at costof 44mil -Jr. offer 4,000,000 to Bould Motor Road (9/10/30) - SHUIS stats re ANP size Beaver - 6B0-to Bond Commuzer (13/26): Name cha See also 1921/22. - 1930 Woodlown Brochure (RAe) - Fostich to Jr. (4/7) fourpay IMPT. report in nut 10 GBD a deeds 3 WGA, + Dorr people - Jr. 4 pp eith to Albuget (6/20) r resige Other Cliffs al carriege road - Albrest utpansion to Jr. (6/10) on his istust to + tour c CBD + Commers 1930 10/15 - 1st motor asceat of Cadillae it. -hang field + 1930 collab. of Donofr he Ocean Dr. moter road. Other Cliffs Road report by LH. Zach. Counts a JDRJr.+ GBD. And W.G.A. - CBD +JDRFr. property transfers (7/16) Le SMSping - -JORFr. to R Hale (9/2) in fonds for Black House + MDI and purchases Invoice For nursery stock (9/12) "swap" for smspung lad now owed yfr. Reports with Recommendations from the Committee on Study of Educational Problems in National Parks January 9, 1929 and November 27, 1929 "Stephen T. Mather and the National Parks" Page 10F3 1734 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1929 JANUARY 15 4979. An act to authorize the city of Niobrara, Nebr., to STEPHEN T. MATHER AND THE NATIONAL PARKS transfer Niobrara Island to the State of Nebraska ; 5060. An act to aid the Grand Army of the Republic In its Mr CRAMTON. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen of the House, Memorial Day services, May 30, 1929; word has been carried to the country that Stephen T. Mather, the first Director of the National Park Service, has, by reason S.5110. An act validating certain applications for and entries of serious ill health, been obliged to resign that position, and of public lands, and for other purposes; his successor has been appointed and taken office. That word 5146. An act to reserve certain lands on the public domain has caused the greatest of regret on the part of every Member in Santa Fe County. N. Mex., for the use and benefit of the of this House, just as it has in the hearts of nature lovers Indians of the San Ildefonso Pueblo : throughout this country. 5147. An act to reserve 920 acres on the public domain for My contact with him through my committee work has been the use and benefit of the Kanosh Band of Indians residing in of the closest nature in the last eight or nine years, and I have the vicinity of Kanosh, Utah ; and felt that expression should be given here, even in my humble 5180. An act to authorize the payment of interest on certain funds held in trust by the United States for Indian tribes, way, in recognition of his outstanding services to the country as the head and the inspiration of the National Park Service. The message also announced that the Senate had passed, with [Applause.] amendments in which the concurrence of the House is requested, bills of the House of the following titles: For many years the national parks that had been set apart for the preservation of outstanding scenic areas were adminis- H. R. 1320. An act for the relief of James W. Pringle; and tered in a most desultory way. In 1915 Franklin K. Lane, a 11850. An act for the relief of B. C. Miller. The message also announced that the Vice President had great Secretary of the Interior, demonstrated that capacity, greatness, and breadth of view when he disregarded party lines appointed Mr. MOSES and Mr. McKELLAR members of the joint and appointed Stephen T. Mather, not of his party, as the head select committee on the part of the Senate as provided for in of the newly created Park Service. Disregarding party consid- the act of February 16, 1889, as amended by the act of March erations and party lines, Secretary Lane selected wisely the 2, 1895, entitled "An act to authorize and provide for the dis- head of the newly created National Park Service. position of useless papers in the executive departments," for In 1915 Secretary Lane had brought Mr. Mather to Washing- the disposition of useless papers in the Post Office Department. ton by appointment as assistant to the Secretary. At that time The message also announced that the Vice President had ap- the administration of the national parks was chiefly by the pointed Mr. HALE and Mr. SWANSON members of the joint select Army, but in so far as there was any jurisdiction in the Inte- committee on the part of the Senate as provided for in the act rior Department it was brought together under Mr. Mather. of February 16, 1889, as amended by the act of March 2, 1895, His chief aide and legal adviser was Horace M. Albright, who entitled "An act to authorize and provide for the disposition had come to Washington for the purpose of following up his of useless papers in the executive departments" for the dispo- college work by researches in mining and land law and became sition of useless papers in the Navy Department. an assistant attorney in the Interior Department, dealing chiefly PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE with national-park matters. Mr. CRAMTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Stephen T. Mather is a native of California, a graduate of proceed for five minutes. the University of California, whose postgraduate work was on The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Michigan asks unani- the staff of the New York Sun from 1887 to 1893. In 1894 he mous consent to proceed for five minutes. Is there objection? became interested in the borax industry, where the fortune There was no objection. was accumulated which he has drawn upon so lavishly for the CALL OF THE HOUSE public good. Up to 1915 he had been actively engaged in the administra- Mr. BANKHEAD. Mr. Speaker, there is a very important matter coming up from the Committee on Rules, and I think tion of his business interests, but this did not prevent him from realizing the importance of outdoor recreation: and as a mem- we ought to have a quorum present. Therefore I make the ber of the Sierra Club he explored the mountains of California point of order that there is no quorum present. and came in touch with many conservationists of note. Under The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Alabama makes the Mr. Mather's efficient leadership the national-park work was point of order that there is no quorum present. Evidently coordinated and expanded, and in a year and a half legislation there is no quorum present. had been secured creating the National Park Service as a Mr. TILSON. Mr. Speaker, I move a call of the House. separate bureau of the Department of the Interior. Several A call of the House was ordered. months later, when funds became available for actually estab- The Clerk called the roll, and the following Members failed lishing the bureau, Mr. Mather was appointed its first director. to answer to their names: In the days of struggle before the creation of the bureau [Roll No. 12] and for many years afterwards when funds for civilian bureaus Ackerman Dickstein Kunz Reed, Ark. were necessarily limited because of war and postwar expenses, Aldrich Douglass, Mass. Kurtz Schafer Allgood Dontrich Lehlbach Sears, Fla. Mr. Mather gave freely of his personal funds in many ways for Anthony Doyle Lindsay Seger the benefit of the national-park system. In one park a road Auf der Helde Drewry Linthieum Sirovich was purchased with private funds raised through his efforts Bell Eaton Lozier Speaks Black, Y. Fitzgerald, Roy G. Lyon Stedman and largely with his own personal funds. In another, land for Blanton Fletcher McClintie Strother an administration site was purchased by him and donated to Boles Fort McCormack Sullivan the Government. He spent thousands of dollars of his private Bowles Free McFadden Summers, Wash. Fulmer McSwain Summers, Tex. fortune in the purchase of private lands within the parks, and Brigham Britten Gasque McSweeney Tatgenhorst by his example and through his untiring efforts secured many Buriness Gibson Maas Taylor, Tenn. thousands more from other private sources. Just how much Bushong Golder Michaelson Temple Griest Moore, Ky. he has spent in helping the people of America to enjoy their Canfield Thompson Carley Hammer Moore, N. Tillman national parks will never be known, for he has been very Chase Hoffman O'Connor, N. Y. Underwood reticent about this; but the sum that is known is an impressive Cochran, Pa. Houston Palmer Updike one. Cole, Md. Hull, William E. Palmisano Weaver Comba Igoe Peavey Welch, Calif. By no means the least factor in Mr. Mather's success in co- Connolly, Pa. Jacobstein Prall White, Colo. ordinating, administering, and developing the national-park sys- Crail Jenkins Pratt White, Kans. Curry Kent Purnell Wilson, tem has been his uncanny ability to pick the right man for a Dayenport Kiess Quayle Wolverton particular job: and the loyalty to the cause, as represented by Dayey Kindred Rainey Yates the chief, has caused many a park superintendent and other Dempsey King Ransley officer to give up opportunities for larger financial returns to The SPEAKER. Three hundred and twenty-five Members are stick to the "park game," as they call it. Working under Mr. present, a quorum. Mather has been a game In the truest sense of the word. Mr. TILSON. Mr. Speaker, I move to dispense with further I have in my service of many years on the Committee on proceedings under the call, Appropriations come into rather close contact with many The motion was agreed to. branches of the Government service in Washington and in the The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Michigan is recognized field, and nowhere have I seen such uniform devotion to the for five minutes. highest ideals of service to the country, such unselfish team- Mr. CRAMTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to work, such an esprit de corps as in the National Park Service extend that 5 minutes to 10 minutes. as organized and built up under Stephen T. Mather. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Michigan asks unani- Since Mr. Mather took charge of the national park system mous consent to proceed for 10 minutes. Is there objection? seven new national parks have been created, as follows: Hawaii, There was no objection. Lassen Volcanie, Mount McKinley, Lafayette, Grand Canyon, 2.03 1929 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1735 Zion, and Bryce Canyon. Another one, the Rocky Mountain, Years ago Thackeray wrote to his daughters of a sunrise: was established several days after his appointment, but all Those magnificent spectacles of nature are like personal kindnesses the preliminary work on this project had been completed before from the Maker to us-and make me feel grateful. he joined the Government. During his administration two other eastern projects. those for the establishment of the Shenandoah On a former occasion in this House, December 6, 1924, I and Great Smoky Mountains National Parks, have received the sought to emphasize the value of this work, saying then: approval of Congress, and their actual establishment undoubt- These places are being secured to the free public use of all our people edly will be only a matter of time. Park travel showed a for all time to come. The park of other lands and other times was the mighty increase during his incumbency. During the 1915 travel monopolized exponent of human selfishness, with "keep out" signs year a total of only 334,799 visited the parks, while during the facing the multitudes, The American public park Idea is unique and season ended September 30, 1928, the number of visitors to the its crowning glory is the national-park system. Therein are being en- national parks amounted to 2,522,188, with 502,656 more visiting shrined nature's masterpieces, their beauties and wonders to be preserved the national monuments. and protected for the common use of all for all time to come. Whether Confidence in Mr. Mather's administration led private indi- it be preeminent in the glory of Its trees, of a lake of unrivaled blue, of viduals and corporations to invest huge sums in the installation glaciers, of majestic peaks massing one upon another with eternal SDOW of public utilities in the major parks. It is doubtful if any upon them, or one rising In solitary grandeur above a principality, of other man in the critical early days of the service could have wild plant and animal life, of waterfalls that thrill and arouse while obtained quite the same satisfactory results. Sufficient credit they subdue, or of eroded chasms and precipices colored by nature with is not given to the public-spirited men who have organized and beauty that defleg the imagination, whatever it offers to delight the developed the needed utilities for the parks. human eye, is offered freely and unselfishly to all alike. Paraphrasing As Director of the National Park Service of the Interior Longfellow, whatever fortune is denied me. you can not rob me of free Department Mr. Mather was also a member of the National nature's grace," and in the Nation's playgrounds and scenic reserva- Capital Park and Planning Commission. He was also the tions- representative of the Department of the Interior on the Coordi- You can not bar my constant feet to trace nating Commission on National Parks and Forests, appointed by The woods and lawns, by living stream. at eve; the President's committee on outdoor recreation for the purpose Let health my nerves and finer fibers brace, of considering proposed adjustments of national park and forest boundaries. He is now chairman of the National Conference And I their toys to the great children leave: Of fancy, reason, virtue, naught can me bereave. on State Parks, an organization established through his per- sonal efforts to urge upon our Governments, local and national, Communion with nature chastens and subdues the ego, It conduces the desirability of acquiring land and water areas suitable for to unselfishness and willingness to serve and sacrifice, it modifies the recreation and the preservation of wild life. will to exploit, to monopolize, It clears the vision as to relative values In 1926 he was awarded the gold medal of the National Insti- of temporary gain against the eternal. tute of Social Sciences for his services to the Nation in the The act of August 25. 1916, establishing the National Park development and administration of the national parks through- Service prescribed its duties thus: out the country. The University of California, from which he graduated in 1887, in 1924 conferred upon him the honorary The service thus established shall promote and regulate the use of degree of doctor of laws, and he was the recipient of several the Federal area known as national parks, monuments, and reservations other honorary degrees. hereinafter specified by such means and measures as conform to the In December, 1921, hearings were held on the first Interior fundamental purpose of the said parks, monuments, and reservations, Department appropriation bill, all the appropriations for all the which purpose is to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic activities of that department in Washington and elsewhere objects and the wild life therein, and to provide for the enjoyment of being then for the first time, under the operation of the newly the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unim- adopted Budget system, brought into one bill. Before that I paired for the enjoyment of future generations. had been in contact with the work of the National Park Service In establishing the Yellowstone National Park in 1872, Con- in a general way and through visits to some of the parks. Since gress dedicated that marvelous area and set it apart as a that time my contact with the National Park Service and with public park or pleasuring ground for the benefit and enjoyment the labors of Stephen T. Mather as its chief and inspiration of the people." have been close. My contact with him has been intimate, and In his sixth annual report as Director of the National Park as a natural consequence my confidence in him and my admira- Service, for 1922, Mr. Mather said : tion for his work has become unlimited, as his wonderful per- The subjugation and utilization of the forces and products of nature sonality and splendid ideals have won me and inspired me as by man is the basis of successful economic existence and national de- they have all with whom he has come in contact. The oppor- velopment. But is nature untouched, unnecessary, or unwanted in our tunity given me by my committee work to cooperate with him complicated scheme of living? Are not reserved places of great natural has been one of the privileges and greatest pleasures of my beauty as important in our daily life as those utilized areas that take congressional career. In the early days of his administration the appropriations care of our physical needs? Viewing this question in the light of what were small and sometimes contested before Congress, but in the may be called business vision or practical common sense, and leaving latter days no request that has come to Congress from the out sentiment, we have only to point, for our answer, to the strenuous Park Service has been denied by Congress, and frequently appro- efforts of war-torn and other countries of Europe to reestablish their priations for the acceleration of his program have been granted formerly large tourist trade by advertising their scenic attractions, to that were not requested but were indorsed by the Park Service. appreciate the extent to which the traveling public helps in filling the In the fiscal year 1917 the total appropriations for the National financial coffers of any country that has scenery of the first class to Park Service were $784,566.67. In 1922 they were $1,433,220, offer. Surely few of us are not susceptible to the appeal of nature. in 1929 they are $4,659,700, and the 1930 bill. now pending, There is something In the quiet contemplation of natural seenery, and carries $7,390,940-very tangible evidence of the confidence of particularly In magnificent examples of the Creator's work, that is Congress in the leadership and administration of Stephen T. elevating, refreshing, restful, and Inspiring. It exerts its appeal to the Mather, as well as interest in the work committed to his charge. best in us; seeing It makes us better men and women, physically and He won the regard and confidence of our committee primarily mentally and spiritually. in this: He is as careful and economical in the use of public It has been Stephen T. Mather's great opportunity in these funds as he is generous in the giving of his own. past 12 years to lay the foundations of the Park Service, to No one knows how much of his own money has been put define and develop the policies under which for centuries to into the development of these projects, into the acquisition of come these national park areas shall be conserved unimpaired timbered areas that were menaced by private development. It for future generations, while enjoyed by the present generation. is many, many thousands of dollars that be has given of his As he has builded so wisely, his work will stand. There will money, but with that generous use of his own money he has never come an end to the good that he has done. Can any man combined the quality of careful economy in the expenditure of desire a more wonderful career? the public funds; and these qualities gave him the absolute He came to this work because of the great confidence which confidence of our committee and have given him the absolute Secretary Lane had in him, a confidence manifested in generous confidence of the Congress, and thus he has developed the measure by each subsequent Secretary of the Interior. program much more rapidly than otherwise would have been He served longer under Hubert C. Work than under any other possible. Interior Department head and the country is greatly indebted The preservation of our greatest scenic wonders as national to Secretary Work for the constant and invaluable support he parks and the contact of our people with them under proper gave Director Mather at all times in his work of development, condition is bound to affect appreciably and in a desirable way his building of policies and his preservation of these invaluable the future of our Nation. scenic areas. Against powerful political and other selfish in- 3.F3 1736 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 15 terests he stood always in firm support of Director Mather, and Under your splendid leadership the people of the Nation have been I speak of my own personal knowledge in this. awakened to the beauties and possibilities of the national parks and Now, because of very serious illness which has confined him the necessity of conserving these areas for all time. So firmly have to the hospital since early November, Director Mather has felt you built the foundations of the National Park Service that It is now obliged to resign from the service, his letter of resignation, ad- bound to move firmly onward along the lines of greatest service to the dressed to the Secretary of the Interior, Hon. Roy O. West, people. Not the least of your achievements was the ability of attract- reading: ing to the service an unusually high type of men whose loyalty to their MY DEAR Mr. SECRETARY: I regret that I am forced by illness to hand parks and to the chief who formulated its policies will insure its this, my resignation as Director of the National Park Service, to you, continued success. effective to-day. I am happy in the thought, however, that I can feel Taken all in all, you have achieved results that I believe no other that the accomplishments of the past 10 years in particular in that field man could have accomplished in the early days of organization and ad- have seen the development of the national park system into one of ministration during the trying period of the World War and its aftermath. real service to the public of our country, as was the purpose when the National Park Service was created. As Secretary of the Interior I am taking this opportunity, on behalf I can not sever my connection with the Department of the Interior of the millions of Americans who enjoy the national parks each year, without paying a tribute to the fine service of my associates in the of assuring you of their grateful appreciation of the services you have Washington office and in the field branches of my bureau who have rendered in developing and preserving these great national scenie areas. been so loyal, efficient, and untiring in their helpfulness and without With sentiments of highest esteem and heartiest good wishes for whom this result could not have been attained. No bureau chief has your speedy return to health, believe me, had more competent and faithful employees than it has been my good Most sincerely yours, fortune to have had associated with me in this national park work. Roy O. WEST, Secretary. May I not also express here my gratitude for the inspirational leadership Announcement of his retirement has brought country-wide and unfailing support of yourself and your predecessors, the Secretaries expression of deep regret, with universal commendation of his of the Interior under whom I have served. unusual public services. I wish, too. there was some way in which I could thank my friends The Evening Star, of Washington, said last night: in Congress for the nid, through legislation and appropriations, which has been so generously extended and without which our efforts would Not often is a country so fortunate as to possess at the head of one have been largely futile. of its governmental branches an executive so whole-heartedly devoted to Faithfully yours, STEPHEN T. MATHER, Director. the interests thereof. This entire Nation has benefited by Mr. Mather's services. Well-deserved tribute to his work was paid by Secretary West in accepting this resignation, when he said : The New York Herald-Tribune to-day: The Federal Government, and the American people as a whole, owe No friend of conservation has been a more stalwart up- you a deep debt of gratitude for the many years of intensely patriotic, holder than Mr. Mather of the standard of excellence set for the National self-sacrificing, and constructive service you have rendered in furthering Park Service and of its freedom from commercial and industrial en- the enuse of national parks and making these reservations readily croachment. The great tide of motor travel to these unique scenic res- available to all classes of our people. ervations presented problems of access and facilities for recreation in Under your splendid leadership the people of the Nation have been keeping with park integrity. Mr. Mather's policy has guarded against awakened to the beauties and possibilities of the national parks and excessive development in the manner of ordinary tourist grounds. Auto- the necessity of conserving these areas for all time. So firmly have you mobile roads are available, but they do not crisscross the parks. Wil- built the foundations of the National Park Service that It is now bound derness areas are preserved. In the main, the National Park Service to move firmly onward along the lines of greatest service to the people. has kept alteration of primitive conditions to the minimum compatible Not the least of your achievements was the ability of attracting to the with liberal public enjoyment of the national parks. service an unusually high type of men whose loyalty to their parks and The New York Times of to-day, the Washington Post of yes- to the chief who formulated its policies will insure its continued terday have pronounced the retirement of Mr. Mather a great success. loss to the Nation, and many other publications have joined in The Secretary's letter in full is as follows: paying tribute to his great accomplishments. So ends the service of Stephen T. Mather as the first Director MY DEAR MR. MATHER: It is with the keenest regret that I have of the National Park Service. It is fortunate for the cause he received your resignation as Director of the National Park Service, has so ably and generously promoted, and it must be a matter tendered January 8. Since you ask it on the grounds of personal health of great satisfaction and comfort to him that the flag of leader- considerations, I feel that I can not, in justice to you, decline to accept ship goes from his hands to those of one who has been beside this resignation. him all these years and can be depended on to carry on without The Federal Government, and the Amerlcan people as a whole, owe change of policy or program. you a deep debt of gratitude for the many years of intensely patriotic, Nature lovers everywhere, regretting that Mr. Mather hns self-sacrificing, and constructive service you have rendered In furthering felt obliged to retire, will commend the prompt and wise action the cause of national parks and making these reservations readlly avail- of Secretary West in naming as the second Director of the able to all classes of our people. National Park Service Horace M. Albright, for 15 years closely Going back over your years of service I find that when you entered the associated with Mr. Mather and for a number of years superin- Department of the Interior in January, 1915, there was no National tendent of Yellowstone National Park and field director of the Park Service and no coordinated administration of the national parks, service. Mr. Albright has the vision, the experience, the ability, these areas being administered as part of the miscellaneous work in the and the personality to make a worthy successor of Stephen T. office of the Secretary. Largely through your personal efforts the Mather. establishment of the service was brought about and the work coordi- nated and put upon a practical, businesslike basis. Since that time The House will be glad to know that there is a gradual and seven new parks have been created, including the only eastern park so encouraging improvement in Mr. Mather's condition and will all far established and the only ones in our Territories of Alaska and join in the hope that he may soon be up again and be spared to Hawaii. During the same time several existing parks have been en- us yet for many years and permitted to aid in many ways by his larged to include important areas and their boundaries changed to make advice and his generous leadership the preservation and enjoy- ment of nature's beauties and wonders. Freed of the routine them capable of better administration. Even now two other Eastern park projects-the Great Smoky Mountains and Shenandoah--are pend- that attaches to official position, he will, no doubt, accomplish ing, approved by Congress and the President, and it is only a matter much in his new rôle of private citizen as health comes back to of time before their actual establishment will be consummated. This him again. achievement also should be listed as part of the work of your adminis- In the Congress where, from time to time, we find It neces- tration. sary to criticize the conduct of public officials it is well that Especially noteworthy has been the manner in which you have we should also for a few moments stop in our work to pay brought about the installation of adequate public-utility facilities in the tribute to this outstanding figure in the public service who national parks through inducing private capital, without hope of immedi- has sacrificed his money, his health, his time, his opportunity ate financial return upon their investments and in the face of grave for wealth, in order that he might promote that which will hazards, to undertake this work. It was solely through your personal mean SO much to the people of this country in the future. achievement and the confidence your integrity Inspired that this result [Applause.] was made possible. Absolute confidence in your administration has I thank you. been shown also by the Congress of the United States in appropriating The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Michigan larger sums each year for park work. has expired. VISITING ACADIA > ARTICLES: GET TO KNOW ACADIA > ACADIA NAME DAY: JANUARY 19 Like 0 ACADIA NAME DAY: JANUARY 19 On January 19, 1929, Lafayette National Park was renamed Acadia National Park by an act of Congress. Park founder George B. Dorr had originally chosen the name "Lafayette" to facilitate his drive to designate "Sieur de Monts National Momument" as a National Park. While Dorr was working to move the necessary legislation through Congress, World War I was raging in Europe. Lafayette, the name of the Frenchman who had served alongside George Washington in the Revolutionary War, was now the name given to squadrons of American pilots fighting for France. As Dorr wrote in his memoir The Story of Acadia National Park, "That was a time when the whole east was taking the war in the spirit of a high crusade and Lafayette's name was foremost in men's thoughts." In order to capture the attention of Congress and get his legislation passed, Dorr associated the park with the current events and prevailing sentiment with the name Lafayette National Park. By the late 1920s, though, French fervor had waned. Dorr had an opportunity to add to the park a large, undeveloped tract on the tip of the Schoodic Peninsula, which had been left by Steuben native John G. Moore to his and wished to preserve the land but objected to the French name Lafayette. Because Dorr also needed a new act of Congress to allow the park to acquire 2 property beyond Mount Desert Island, it was easy enough to incorporate a name change into that legislation. (He chose Acadia "because of its old historical associations and descriptive character." On January 19, 1929, Acadia National Park was officially given its name and the way was paved for the park to acquire the Schoodic District.) On this day, we celebrate not only the Name Day of Acadia, but the spirit of philanthropy that built this magnificent park out of countless gifts of private land, large and small. JOIN / DONATE VOLUNTEER SIGN UP FOR OUR E-NEWS f FRIENDS OF ACADIA 43 Cottage Street, P.O. Box 45, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609 (207) 288-3340 toll-free: (800) 625-0321 Email us I Visit us © 2019 Copyright Friends of Acadia TIONAL PARK'S E CHANGED TO ACADIA Pilof3 President Coolidge Signs Bill Authorizing Change by Secretary of the Interior and Also Making Possible Acquisition of Additional Lands B.H.T. in Hancock and Knox Counties 1/23/29 President Coolidge on Monday signed American Revolution that legal title to bill authorizing the change in the name much of the Government's land upon the of Lafayette National Park to Acadia Island finds its origin, the chain of title National Park. The measure also au- going back to deeds, still extant, that thorizes the Secretary of the Interior to bear the signature: Marie de Cadillac. accept for the United States Government The name Acadia remains today in "such easements and buildings as may its adjective, Acadian, used descriptively be donated for extension, within the by biologists referring to the forests, the bounds of Hancock County, in which the flora and wild life of the region as that of Park is situated, with such islands in the Acadian Zone, and by geologists re- Knox County as lie to the East and ferring in their writings to its coast as the South of the main ship channel through Acadian, an important point in relation Penobscot Bay which complete the archi- to the development of the educational pellago of which Mount Desert Island usefulness of the Park as an outstanding forms the dominant and largest unit." nature exhibit along lines not elsewhere The bill was introduced in the House shown. of Representatives by Congressman TheVrollowing summary of the history John E. Nelson on December 10, and of Lafayette National Park is from "An shortly afterwards was introduced in the Analysis of Lafayette National Park" by Senate by Senator Frederick Hale, The Robert Sterling Yard, executive secre- bill has had the support of Superintendent tary of the National Parks Association: George B. Dorr who has been in Wash- ington for several weeks "Lafayette did not originate in a de- late Hon. Franklin K. Lane, sire to have a National Park on Mount Mr. Dorr Discusses Acadia highest point of land in the Desert Island, but in the need to preserve Of the new name for Lafayette Nation- an area of beauty and distinction 'open al Park, Mr. Dorr, its founder and super- and free to all,' as Mr. Dorr puts it in a MISS CLARA CAMPBELL TO BE intendent, recently said: letter, (that all in the future might find in SCHOOL PHYSICAL INSTRUCTOR "It was the founding of Acadia as a it the pleasure, health and inspiration we French province which brought Champ- have found; to save it from the en- Miss Clara Campbell has been engaged plain to America in 1604, when he visited croachments of commercialism; and to Frenchmans Bay, named Mt. Desert conserve the wild life, poth plant and by Supt. George H. Beard to take the Island and the Isle au Haut, and guided animal, whose native habitat it was. place of Miss Mary Abernethy as physi by Indians sailed up the great estuary of The project was born of the purest spirit cal instructor in Bar Harbor's schools, the Penobscot River to the head of tidal of conservation.) while Miss Abernethy is having leave on water at Bangor. Organized Trustees of Public Reser- account of illness. Miss Campbell comes "It was a soldier of Acadia, Antoine vations de la Mothe Cadillac, later to become the here from Island Falls. She is a gradu- "In 1900, Mr. Dorr took steps toward founder of Detroit, who was the first ate of the Posse Nisson School of Physi- the establishment of a forestry associa owner in private right of the present cal Education in Boston and has had ex- tion as a means to conservation, to ac parklands, receiving the entire island of perience in playground work and other Mt. Desert and two square leagues upon quire and hold lands of public interest up- on the Island, and an examination and forms of physical education for girls. the opposite mainland in a feudal grant from Louis the 14th of France in 1683. report were secured from Washington, but at Miss Campbell comes here with the nothing definite was accomplished at that d "And it is in a confirmation of this highest of recommendations. She is a time. The following year Dr. Charles W grant, but limited to the eastern portion daughter of Hon. Seth Campbell, Eliot, President of Harvard University. a of the Island, to his granddaughter and called a meeting at Seal Harbor to form he native of Salisbury Cove and is a niece her husband, who made their home on it corporation for the purpose of holding in of Miss Agnes Campbell and of W. B. subsequently and died there, by the gifts of lands. This was the origin of Campbell of this town. General Court of Massachusetts after the (Continued on page 8) CALL 777 U-Drive Taxi COMPANY AUTOMOBILES FOR HIRE WITH OR WITHOUT 10. Beenive Kia head and seven years nothing McClay pened. The Corporation existed and the at the third period State Legislature gave it powers and Play at this period privileges, but it possessed no lands slow up as the boys been going Then a gift came, unsought, in the sum- tough pace night mer of 1908 from Mrs. Charles D. Ho to weather the test better than their op mans of Boston, who offered President to show you ponents perhaps being more Eliot the beautiful elevation known its whether or not to the large playing space. the Beehive with the forest north of It period that Harriman took the enclosing the Bowl. their feet with his mile long shot. "Inspired by this gift, and recognizing trail marked McClay boosted his total to ten points gation for how great the opportunity might be if this period while Webber added a basket (Trail R. leads interest could be aroused, Mr Dorr ac- trail to the Kebb Istance and a foul to his total. tively took up the work. not waiting for CHRYSLER (26) (18) BLACK CATS and signpost on ndings submitted gifts to come but going out to get them, rb Harriman 1 the East Ridge T Jordan If/4 confidentially you after studying the possibilities. Kamenkovitch rf 1 lb Kurson (1) straight about d bligation. Corres- "His first success was securing the S. McClay c 5 c Webber 2 (8) ravine past spring. INDUSTRIAL gift of a hundred acres on the summit of c Jellison summit. Turn I Cadillac Mountain, then called Green Trail" (R. Trail RTMENT, CEN- Turner lb 3 rl Wass (2) Mountain, but Newport Mountain ear- J. McClay rb If Donnell 1 steep west slope to COMPANY, AU- lier, at the time of Mr. Tracy's visit in the If Webber Mt., Eagle Lake, eighteen-fifties. over bare rock, Referee-Dowd of Holy Cross. "On this summit the broadest and signpost Below 1 Timer-Meade of Bangor highest on the Island, with a magnificent Trail L. leads to Scorer-Beaulieu of Oldtown High. view, Daniel Brewer, of an old Island and East Ridge family, had built a house of entertain- "Both from the historical and the na- ahead leads to Pet ment, a "mountain nouse, which, reached tural history point of view the Mount continuation of t by a steep, rough road, was a favorite Desert tract measured nobly up to the over Dike Peak) point of excursion in the early days by requirements for a National Monument. marked "Boyd R buckboard or on foot. This, destroyed Congress then could give it national park which leads to Sc by fire, was replaced during the period status later if it approved, and the area of Dikc Peak) of the great hotels by another, which, would be safe in the meantime in the pointers down a ceasing to be profitable and allowed to hands of the Government as a historical Boyd Road. (15 fall into decay, was finally acquired and monument and wild life sanctuary. wood Farm read, This advertisement is similar burned by the Bar Harbor Village Im- Bubble Pood. etc. Became National Monument in 1916 to a series now being run in provement Society. That no other trail marked "Jord number of national publica- "This done. The titles to the land tions in the interests of bringing might replace it to the injury of the noble broad graded path with the accompanying them, all- sky-line of the mountain from land and to Bubbles Food) new Industries to Maine. ocean was Mr. Dorr's purpose in securing ing three bound volumes of typed ma- site of carriage re terial, were submitted to the Public as his first objective this one road R. (all R, traffs Lands Committee and approved, and Mr. accessible summit of the Island range. Permette Mt. all Dorr, bearing a letter from Secretary "Champlain Mountain, dominating Mt. and the Tria the entrance to Frenchmans Bay, Hu- Lane, went, with Senator Charles F. tween the Trieds Johnson and Congressman John A. guenot Head and the Flying Squadron, down over motor Peters of Maine, to see the President followed, forming, th-Cadillac and the over Jordan's Peo Finally. a proclamation drawn up by the Pood and But deep gorge between, the eastern section Secretary Lane establishing the Sleur of the present park. Next came, in two ahead ca broad pai de Monts National Monument, named to splendid tracts, the deep basin of Jordan road and then 1 honor of the founder of Acadia who had Pond-with the mountains enclosing it, graded path so Je brought out Champlain, was signed by Pemetic, the Bubbles, Sargent and min. President Wilson on July 8th. 1916. Mr Penobscot, a superb landscape unit and (To be Dorr took charge as custodian, at a natural ark center. That of Eagle Lake, nominal salary. far greater in extent, was acquired more "It was two years more before the first slowly with the aid of the Bar Harbor appropriation for its maintenance was Water Company, who needed the protec- secured from the Appropriations Commit- tion of the drainage area for their magni- tee of Congress, it was accompanied ficent water supply; but finally this also by the statement that though Monument was accomplished and the work spread 3 Insting in title it was Park in character and westward across the dividing basin of Harry should be so created. rts Somes Sound. Made National Park in 1918 mary 21 "Little of this land belonged to sum- mer residents; fat the greater part of it "A bill changing its status to that of a had to be acquired by purchase, in wood National Park was entered accordingly land lots often extending to timber-line the following winter. Introduced in the upon the mountain summits. Senate in the early days of 1918, when our tranne were on their way to France Water Company, who needed the protec- secured from the Appropriations Commit- tion of the drainage area for their magni- Page In tee of Congress, when it was accompanied ficent water supply; but finally this also 3of3 by the statement that though Monument was accomplished and the work spread In loving in title it was Park in character and westward across the dividing basin of should be so created. Harry E. Nrm Somes Sound. 1919 S "Little of this land belonged to sum- Made National Park in 1918 uary 23. 1928 mer residents; fat the greater part of it "A bill changing its status to that of a had to be acquired by purchase, in wood- National Park was entered accordingly land lots often extending to timber-line the following winter. Introduced in the upon the mountain summits. Senate in the early days of 1918, when "Where owned by summer residents, it our troops were on their way to France was, for the most part, generously given; and the historic Drive along the Western where owned locally, it was necessary to Front was just commencing, and ap- obtain gifts of money for its purchase, proved for passage by the Public Lands money contributed by individual givers committee of the House the following W knowing the tracts they gave, so that October when the tide had turned, the each portion of the Park is now linked Act gave the new National Park the with the generous and public-spirited in- name of Lafayette in commemoration of F terest of one or more among the widely- the period and of the old ties of friend- Sten drawn summer residents and visitors ship and alliance that had so long existed upon the Island who have enjoyed its between this country and France. Telepho beauty and sought through this means "On February 27th, 1919. during the brief period of his first return from France at 62 M to share it with the undying public of the future. President Wilson signed the bill, and "Commencing with the Bowl and Bee Lafayette National Park took its place as P. A hive gift in the summer of 1908 and the the first eastern representative of the purchase of the Island summit upon Cadil- National Park System." lac Mountain in the course of the suc- ceeding winter, the public reservations grew till four years later a tract of land had been secured whose generous propor- tions and oplendid landscape character suggested to Mr. Dorr the idea of offer- ing it to the federal government as of Sale of striking national importance. "President Eliot. his one active asso- clate in the work, approving, Mr. Dorr went on to Washington in the spring of MIXING BO 1918 and talked the matter over with Franklin ALane, recently become Secre- of the Interior in the first Wilson NEST OF FIVE Lane re- the idea and Mr. Dorr the 29 These are the blue JLA,R61, B73,F12 the Jackson Re naming of Laboratory: ^ Copied from letter 3-28-29, CCL to Geo. B, Dorr: "It seems to be typically unselfish and fine of you to intimate that your previous suggestion concerning the land as a memorial for your father be disregarded if desirable, I sincerely hope, however, that it may be possible to retain this, to me most welcome and appropriate, relationship, while at the same time devisin a plan by which Mr. Jackson can receive proper recognition. SAVING SCHOODIC: A STORY OF DEVELOPMENT, LOST SETTLEMENT, AND PRESERVATION WAMMOND By ALLEN K. WORKMAN Name Remote, isolated, and nearly barren Schoodic Point, now the eastern- INAMY most part of Acadia National Park, was long bypassed by early explorers and settlers. It might have seemed destined to remain deserted, a candi- date for coastal parkland preservation in the twentieth century. But like such distant outposts as Vinalhaven, Swan's, and Ironbound islands, Sc- hoodic in the nineteenth century was overtaken by extensive land devel- opment, logging, and settlement by fishermen farmers. Eventually its proximity to Bar Harbor made it a target for vacation resort cottages. Yet Schoodic's peninsular ecology and elements of its social circumstances Reveal helped it escape such development in favor of land preservation and Page: tourism. Allen Workman, a retired college textbook editor, has sum- mered next to Schoodic Point since 1946. He is a member of the Histori- BONARER cal Societies of Winter Harbor and Gouldsboro. N W E E AST of Bar Harbor, across the bay from the mountainous island that French explorer Samuel de Champlain in 1604 named Mount Desert, a high promontory reaches far out to sea, rising dramatically over 400 feet to dominate the horizon. Micmac mariners, on their many raids or trade voyages southwestwards, may have named Scheodic Poter Schoolic I. this promontory "Eskwodek" - the end, or point of land - a name which subsequent English navigators transformed on charts to approxi- mate our modern name for the point: Schoodic. Map 1. of Schoodic Point, early 1800s. Labels in capitals identify owners or Though Champlain did not name this bold eastern promontory, he pants the first properties bought for development, mostly from William occu- accurately mapped his discovery to show how this point and adjacent is- Harbor Bingham. Geographical features are in italics. Map by Thomas Mayer, Winter lands formed a fearsome obstacle of ocean currents and heavy surf based on Hancock County Deeds, 1:224. threatening coastal navigators. Champlain provided a clear view of the archipelago and peninsulas just east of Mount Desert and suggested ways European settlers would see its potential. Comparing the region unfavorably with the oaks and hardwoods of more desirable terrain, the explorer described Schoodic as "mostly covered with pines, firs, spruces Maine History 45:2 June 2010 : 1.96-122. Reports of Dr. Hermon C. Bumpus on Studies made in 1929 on Educational Projects in Acadia National Park and Yellowstone National Park ACADIA NATIONAL PARK tion, and intellectual improvement within its boundaries a rich and and any educational program must varied marine fauna and flora gives it ACADIA National Park, superb in take into consideration these condi- an educational value quite its own, a oceanic. lacustrine, mountain, tions. value that is still further enhanced and woodland features, is incompara- As above intimated, there is already by the fact that this is the only loca- bly the most beautiful and, although it sufficiency of scientific literature to tion in the entire system of Parks one of the smallest, offers the widest satisfy the average visitor. Research where the ocean may be observed ac- range of educational possibilities of and publication will doubtless con- tually at work in its tireless process of any National Park. It has an en- tinue without special effort on the remodeling the shore-line, a shore- tertaining history running back to the part of the Government. Avenues of line furthermore presenting a wide time of Champlain, long before the approach are already provided. Visi- range of variation and both a recent advent of the Pilgrims. Unlike many tors are, and probably will continue and a remote past of great historical of the larger Parks, Acadia has grown to be, exceptionally well-informed, significance. in size and in importance by a rapid and there are already, either within It is idle for one to make recom- process of accretion and this process the Park itself or near its boundaries, mendations for an educational pro- In, happily, still going on. Just what several establishments which make gram that will extend far into the fu- are the educational possibilities of it unnecessary to recommend an ex- ture, but the pleasure and profit of this area and how may they best be tensive program of construction. those visiting-as well as those now developed? A marine biological laboratory, at- residing near-Acadia may be in- Mount Desert and the neighboring tracting a large number of scientists, creased without the expenditure of islands and land and the surrounding has been in operation at Salisbury any considerable sum of money. ocean received the attention of geol- Cove for several years. It has an On the completion of the highway logists, botanists, zoologists, geogra- admirable scientific library, represent- to the summit of Cadillac Mountain, phers, archeologists and historians ative collections, aquaria, and a good there should be an observation sta- long before the establishment of any working equipment. Its publications tion where the visitor could tarry, en- National Park There is an abundance have covered a wide range of sub- joy-and further enjoy by under- of literature covering a wide range of jeets. standing, or partially understanding- subjects available for those who de- At one of the entrances to the the geological events that have made sire authoritative information. Park a number of college students the superb panorama possible, a The Park area is well provided with and investigators are occupied with panorama that extends to the horizon motor highways and there is a net- problems connected with the natural in every direction. work of bridle paths and charming fauna and flora. It is here that the There should be a small museum of trails leading to all points of interest. State is maintaining one of its sub- the trailside-laboratory type located Although nearer to Chicago and the stations for the economic study of near the auto camp and made the large cities of the East than any of insects, fungi, etc., in their relations field headquarters of a competent the great National Parks, and thus to forestry. Ranger Naturalist. Evening lectures embracing within its radius a major Geology has received and is still re- should be given around the campfire. part of our vast population, Acadia ceiving the attention of men from The small buildings on Bar Island is not is place that is overrun by rest- eastern universities. should be kept in repair and a Ranger less tourists and probably never will Anthropologists are busy with the Naturalist selected for this charming be. Maine, itself, i is great recrea- archaeological problems and is beauti- spot who is acquainted with and com- tional area and its seaside resorts, ful little museum, of the trailside petent to care for and tell about the numerous camps and popular hotels, type, has been constructed near one animal and plant life of the locality. arrest and detain the ordinary tourist. of the entrances and is freely open to Most important-in the opinion of The attractions of this Park appeal the public. the undersigned-is the early develop- rather to those who are able both to Out in the ocean, on Little Cran- ment of the shore-line at and near recognize and to enjoy the finer crea- berry Island, quite within sight of the Anemone Cave. In other Parks, tions of nature, to those who seek Park, is a unique and a most in- much is made of the fossils of marine quietude, contemplation, inspiration, structive museum of local history animals and plants, footprints and and that kind of mental satisfaction and at Bar Harbor there is an ex- petrifactions, but here are living which accompanies discriminating ap- cellent public library. things abundant, colorful and entranc- preciation. The waters of Frenchman's Bay are ing. It is recommended that a series While it is a recognized duty of the now receiving special attention by the of rockwork basins-artificial tide- Service to provide for the accommo- Federal Government because of their pools-be constructed among the dation and of the multitude visiting wealth of plankton upon which the ledges above tidewater and shel- the National Parks, it is also the duty fisheries are SO immediately depend- tered by the trees and shrubbery of the Service-an imperative duty- ent. growing luxuriantly in this local- to conserve and administer its An excellent Nature Trail-one of ity. If these basins, or pools, priceless possessions that they will the best-has been maintained for the are placed on different grades and not become exhausted, destroyed, or past two years near Jordan Pond in a moderate amount of sea-water even suffer depreciation. Acadia is the heart of the Park area. is forced into the highest, the preeminently a place for those who The fact that Acadia National Park overflow, as a little stream, will find can discriminate, who seek informa- impinges on the ocean and embraces its way through the lower pools until Page 10 ] Report on National Parks it finally returns to the sea. There be revised by those specially quali- that will enhance pleasure and pro- Is every reason. to believe that the fied and has shown its willingness to duce a satisfactory grade of intel- native fishes and other forms of ma- insert additional material and omit lectual profit. Those in charge must rine life will flourish in these shady portions of only minor importance. have sympathy, courtesy, patience pools and if the spot is properly land- Suggestions to this end will be made and an almost inexhaustible fund of scaped, 11 will give a kind of pleasure the subject of is special report. general and technical information. and profit to those visiting the Park A second publication, "Haynes' They must have an equipment of that cannot be provided in any other Guide," is privately printed and is maps, guides, etc., adequate/ to meet way or place. The cost of operating purchased by about one in twenty all reasonable requests. an outdoor aquarium would be trivial of those entering the Park. This high It is the plan to make each Bu- when compared with the good it percentage of sales argues for a real reau of Information an essential part would do. desire on the part of the public to of each Trailside Museum. The lat- Another recommendation is to the obtain-to even pay for-reliable in- ter is merely a practical device for effect that the several centers of in- formation. The publisher has ex- giving information about local phe- terest, both on Mount Desert Island pressed a desire to revise and improve nomena. Why not, then, extend its and the National Park areas on the this booklet so that it may continue functions to include all questions main land be linked together by the to be the best thing of its kind in which arise locally? If a visitor publication of a Trailside Guide, sim- the Park and thus the better serve wants to know the way to the buffalo plar to that used at Yellowstone. the public. corral he will doubtless profit by an The recommendations here em- For several years the Park Natu- inspection of other ungulates and the bodied are justified as applying to the ralist and those cooperating with him descriptive matter accompanying the immediate, rather than the remote, have issued from Yellowstone a exhibits close at hand. future. They involve an enlargement mimeographed monthly, similar to It is planned that each Bureau of of the Ranger Naturalist service and that issued by several of the Na- Information will be an organic part increased appropriation for construc- tional Parks. This is primarily is of each Trailside Museum and each "friend-maker." Its obvious tion, maintenance. etc. They should func- local Museum will become, in fact, a not all be undertaken at once, but tion-as a means of recording local bureau of information. should be developed on a firm basis observations and sustaining the in- The Trailside Notes-each covering of observation and experience. terest of those who have once visited a special section of the "Loop" and the Park-should be sustained. The other highways, as above described- Park Naturalist also issues a Ranger will serve not only as is source of YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL Naturalists' Manual. reliable information and as a sus- PARK For something like five hundred tainer of interest between the respec- years, the printed page has been a tive termini, but will prepare the IN ORDER to have constructive means of popular education, and the visitor, on arrival at the information value, a report on educational use of printed material for conveying center, more profitably to make use projects already undertaken at Yel- information in the National Parks of the agencies of information- lowstone, and on opportunities for will doubtless continue to outrank in Nature Guides, relief maps, charts, further educational work, it is neces- importance and in efficiency all other specimens, exhibits, etc.--there pro- sary to consider: The educational agencies. The préparation and issue, vided. It is more profitable for a agencies operating at the present as an experiment, during the past tourist to understand what he has time and their present and potential summer of "Trailside Notes" amply seen than to indulge in faulty visions efficiency. The principal localities demonstrates the practical value of of what he is about to see. where these agencies are operating this method of popular instruction. and the sufficiency or insufficiency of The publication covered only the (c) Museums. the places chosen. The reaction of motor trail from Mammoth to In Yellowstone, with its several the tourist toward existing educa- Norris Junction and was hastily centers of outstanding interest, it is tional efforts. The reaction of utility drafted and hurriedly printed. The planned to construct a series of operators Prophecies and recom- reaction of the public, as shown by buildings of the Trailside Museum mendations concerning the imme- return postals, is such as to warrant type, each intended primarily to ex- diate future. the extension of the system to other plain the phenomena of its imme- The educational instruments and sections of the Park and to all main diate neighborhood. While this is agencies in operation within the park approaches. Properly prepared, a the primary purpose of these estab- at the present time are as follows: series of Trailside Notes will not only lishments, experience has shown that (a) Publications; Trailside Notes. serve the public but will enable the the visitor is frequently keenly in- (h) Bureaus of Information. motor drivers and other employees terested in what he has observed on (e) Museums. to derive and dispense reliable infor- his journey to the station and not (d) Lectures. mation and will act as it check upon indifferent to what he is to see on (e) Nature Guide Service misconceptions and misrepresenta- his way to the next stopping place. (f) Trailside Notices. tions. The location of these stopping (g) Nature Trails. places is a matter of basic impor- (h) Photographic Facilities. (b) Bureaus of Information. tance. They are the exclamation and (i) Animal Enclosures The "checking-in stations" and the interrogation points of an informa- (j) "Caravans." Bureaus of Information are the first tional recital. They must be timed (k) Public Utility Operators. points of contact between the visitor to the schedule of traffic and situated and the Park personnel. The atti- where there are ample parking facili- (a) Publications. tude of the visitor toward the man- ties, an adequate supply of water The so-called "Circular of Infor- agement of the Park is definitely and where the standard sanitary mation" issued by the government and often permanently established regulations and provisions may be and given to all entering the Park at these points of entry. Here the conformed with. is and probably will continue to be tourist should feel that he is entering The construction and equipment the most generally used agency of territory that is spiritually elevating of these minor museums classify as information and instruction. The and that those wearing the Park uni- capital expenditures. Their opera- Service has itself prepared, printed form are companions competent and tion, however, becomes a charge and contributed this very practical willing to assist in overcoming diffi- against current maintenance. It is publication and has expressed a de- culties, in designating economics and proper that economy be practised sire that the several sections should in recommending ways and means under both classes and it is probable Page 11] health and well-being if I could push it through, so I put in an enormous On the morning of February IS, 1918, I woke up feeling sick an amount of time and energy on the project. quickly found myself quarantined with a treasonable case of German At the instigation of President Taft, bills had been introduced in the measles. Informed of my incapacity, Mather wrote a most unsympathetic Congress in 1910 and 1911 but had died in committee. At the present time letter to me. "It certainly was too bad that you had to be laid up just at we had fine support from influential individuals, publications, and orga- this time and not even be able to get in touch with the office except by nizations, including the Sierra Club, the Appalachian Club, and national telephone." Along with the pleasure of my wife's company during my magazines. Powerful interests in Congress were with us. With the admis- incarceration, I continued to work on Park Service business via my little sion of Arizona as the forty-eighth state in 1912, impetus had picked up portable typewriter. with the strong backing of its new representatives in Congress, Senator When I returned to the office, Sieur de Monts National Monument Henry Ashurst and Representative Carl Hayden. We had pinned hopes on in Maine was the most important issue. It was the first national park area the fact that these Democrats would receive support from President east of the Mississippi, created only a year and a half before. This was very Wilson, but this was one president that didn't care a fig for conservation. important to me. I firmly believed our service should encompass areas A bill to create the Grand Canyon National Park was presented to the throughout the United States. There were so many exciting and beau- Sixty-fourth Congress, but it adjourned on March 3, 1917, without tiful regions in the East that should be preserved. People living there passage. As soon as the new Sixty-fifth Congress was seated in April 1917, should not be forced to travel thousands of miles to enjoy a national park. another bill was introduced. Nothing came of it either until the third There was also the practical side of the issue. Most of the population of session. America lived in the East, and more representatives in the Congress came Talking over the problem with Secretary Lane, I suggested he get into from this section. I reasoned that they would therefore pay more attention the fight. He was rather gun-shy of openly advocating controversial to the National Park Service and its needs, financial and otherwise. Aside measures since Hetch Hetchy, so I suggested he could send a forceful from all these considerations, this particular monument was close to my letter up to the Capitol. He agreed to do that. On February 5, 1918, Lane heart because of George Dorr. signed a letter I had drawn up for him and sent it to Senator H.L. Myers, Shortly after I joined the Interior Department in 1913, a distin- chairman of the Public Lands Committee. It was a strong statement, guished-looking gentleman quietly and rather timidly entered the office. which reviewed the outstanding features of the Grand Canyon and He introduced himself as George Dorr of Bar Harbor, Maine. He wished urgently pressed for national park status. Shortly thereafter, on May 16, to see Secretary Lane. I told him that this was Mr. Miller's office, that both 1918, the Senate passed the park bill. were away in the West, but that I was authorized to make appointments Well, of course, that wasn't the end of it. There were snags in the for the secretary. He looked like the Washington heat had worn him out, House and further negotiations with the Forest Service. Finally agree- so I suggested he sit down while I went for a cool drink. I brought back ment was reached with a revised boundary map drawn up with the help a pitcher of water. He gratefully drank several glasses and then related his of Ashurst and Hayden. The revised bill got through both houses and, on reasons for wishing to see Lane. It was a fascinating story. February 26, 1919, was signed into law. Grand Canyon National Park was George Dorr came from New England aristocracy. His mother's a reality. ancestors had accumulated vast wealth from the China trade. He had a It wasn't all joy and light, though, for it came into the National Park home on Mount Desert Island in Maine. Fearful of unchecked develop- System with boundaries still so limited and with so many strings attached ment in this scenic area, he started a movement in 1900 to save the rugged that our relief was also mixed with concern for the problems ahead. As land around his island and Seal Harbor. A few years later this led to the it turned out, our fears were justified. Worse troubles lay ahead of us, formation of an organization under the leadership of Dorr and Dr. troubles just beginning in 1920 when Ralph Cameron was elected United Charles W. Eliot, president of Harvard University. It was designed to hold States senator from Arizona. I still shudder thinking about it, but that's a in trust land donated by local citizens. Its purpose was "that all in the story all its own. future might find in it the pleasure, health and inspiration we have found; CREATING THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE LIGHT AT THE END OF THE TUNNEL 268 - 269 1929 to save it from the encroachments of commercialism; and to conserve the who had fought alongside Washington in the Revolutionary War an wild life, both plant and animal, whose native habitat it was." I copied those our soldiers who had recently served so bravely in France. exact words from a letter Dorr showed me to explain the dream he and his Dorr and I really didn't approve of the name, but we went along with friends had. I was most impressed by the man and the ideals for which he it until I became director of the service in 1929. Then I pushed through stood. I made an appointment for him to see Lane when he returned. the name we had chosen years before, Acadia National Park. Apparently Lane was also impressed, as were many influential people Shortly after I visited Mukuntuweap and trumpeted its beauty, news- in the government to whom I introduced Dorr. Sieur de Monts National papers and magazines joined me in promoting the idea of having it made Monument was proclaimed on July 8, 1916, and Dorr was named custo- a national park. Senator Reed Smoot of Utah took the first step toward dian. It was a notable event because it was the first national park area that status by getting a bill through Congress in March 1918 that changed created entirely by private donations (except for tiny Muir Woods in the name to Zion National Monument. California). When I reported this news to Mather, he shot back a short but deci- The Hancock County Trustees, who had been holding the gifts of sive note: "I know you, Horace! Don't go any further with this monu- land, turned everything over to the federal government, but the House ment. There is to be no national park in the back of your mind until I see Appropriations Committee under Fitzgerald ignored this new monument if it measures up." as it had all our other neglected monuments. No money was allocated Well, I ignored his warning, knowing he'd be as crazy about Zion as for two more years. That was the condition of Sieur de Monts at the I was. I kept a low profile, but did everything I could to help the Utah beginning of 1918. congressional delegation. Their bill to create a greatly enlarged Zion Secretary Lane, along with his wife, had stayed with Dorr at his home National Park sailed through both the Senate and the House to become in Maine the previous summer, had enjoyed the visit immensely, and had law in November 1919. become a true champion of the monument. When Dorr came down to That same month Stephen Mather made his first trip to Utah's Washington to see about the financial problem, I suggested he bombard "Dixie." He was not only ecstatic about Zion but dazzled by its neigh- the new chairman of the Appropriations Committee, Swager Sherley. Let boring territory, Bryce Canyon. As a result he gave his wholehearted him understand the history of the monument and its needs, show him blessing to the new park, and within a few years Bryce also became a appeals from important and influential people. national park. I assured him that Secretary Lane and the National Park Service The foremost problem facing the Park Service in the early months of would do everything in their power to help. Dorr and I also agreed that, 1918 was a concerted effort by certain interests to make adverse use of the while we were at it, we could try to change the status of the monument parks, excusing it as patriotism but, in reality, attempting to open them to a national park as I was doing with Mukuntuweap in Utah. once and for all for commercial and money-making projects alien to the Around May 1918, Dorr sent me a little booklet containing a dozen Park Service's organic act. Since the entry of the United States into the or so printed letters written to Sherley by an assortment of men, including European conflict, this harassment had never let up. Theodore Roosevelt. Everyone pleaded for the fifty-thousand-dollar As the war dragged on into the spring of 1918, pressure from the appropriation Lane had requested for the monument. I guess we all knew cattlemen and sheepmen, hunters, and water and power interests became Sieur de Monts was never going to get fifty thousand dollars, but, by golly, more intense. One particularly nasty attack was contained in a western it did get ten thousand. newspaper editorial, "Soldiers need meat to eat, not wild flowers!" What's more, bills were introduced in the Congress early in 1918 to The Interior Department was flooded with all kinds of demands. make it a national park. On February 26, 1919, President Wilson simulta- Slaughter the Yellowstone elk herds. Kill the nearly extinct bison. Allow neously signed bills creating Grand Canyon National Park and Lafayette the organization of hunting parties to enter the parks to shoot wild National Park. The name change was to honor the famous Frenchman animals for additional meat. And allow grazing everywhere. CREATING THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE LIGHT AT THE END OF THE TUNNEL - 270 271 it Page lof 5 John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and Acadia National Park From the time that John D. Rockefeller, Jr. first bought property on Mt. Desert Island in acquiring the Eyrie at Seal Marbor in 1910*, until his death in 1960, Mr, Rockefeller maintained a most enthusiastic and activo interest in the island and in the developments that led to the formation of Acadia National Park. His first small gift of $100 in 1911, to help purchase land as public reservation, led to gifts of land totalling more than 11,300 acros at a cost of more then $1,000,000. He built some 51 miles of beautifully constructed carriage roads for the Park cost* ing roughly $2,000,000. He contributed substantially to the Park system of motor roads; and for buildings, bridges, forestry and planting gave at least another $1,000,000. After the dicastrous fire of 1947, be gave $500,000 for cleanup and reconstruction. Mr. Rockcfeller's interest was a very strong personal one. "I think I have always had an eye for nature," he wrote; "because I was brought up in the woods I have always loved the trees, the rocks, the hills and the valleys." llc believe that National Parks should offer the public "arcas of such outstanding interest in them- selves that they tell their own story if only they are made reasonable accessible." Mr. Rockefeller himself actually developed the general plan for the present Park as it is today. As a summer resident of Mt. Decert Island, Mr. Rockefeller came to know every part of the island intimately, all of its physical geography and natural beauty. As he wrote, it is "one of the greatest views in the world." In a letter to Harold Ickes, Secretary of the Interior in 1935, he outlined the essence of his vision for the island and its Park: "When Acadia National Park was established, it consisted only of mountain tops of Mount Desert Island (the Monts Deserts mentioned by Champlain when he saw them in 1604 giving the island its name). Thus the Park area at the outset was not access- ible to any fighway and was traversed only by foot trails. Believing that it should ultimately extend to the ocean on one side and to Frenchman's Bay on the other, and that access to it would be desirable not only for pedestrians but, in carefully chooen areas for lovers of horses as well as automobiles, I bogan years ago buying lands on the Island having in mind to make possible the rounding out of Park bound- aries and its extencions and developments as above outlined." The actual start toward Acadia National Park began before Mr. Rockefeller's arrival as a landowner. In 1901 a small group of long time summer residents of the island net to form a corporation to acquire and 'hold reservations at points of interest on this Island, for the perpetual use of the public," In 1903 this group, The Haneock County Trustees of Public Reservations, received its charter from the Maine Legislature (President-Charles W. Eliot, Vice Procident-Goorge B. Dorr, Secretary- L. B. Deasy, Treasurer-George L. Stobbins.) In 1914 the Hancock Trustoes offered their lands to the Federal Government under the National Monuments Act. Though they had acquired over 5,000 acros they were not ablo to meet Government legal requirements for acceptance, However, on July 8, 1916, Mr. Rockefoller first took his family to Maine in 1908 for the sunner, ronting the Scars Cottage in Weymouth Lane in Bar Harbor. 1 Author unattributed. resident Wilson created the Siour do Monts National Monument, with Goorge Dorr as Custodian. The Monument, in 1919, becane Lafayette National Park, the first nation- al park in the country east of the Mississippi River and the first to be acquired by the gift of land to the government. 192 Finally, in 1929, a Congressional Bill changed the name of the Park to Acadia and authorized the Secretary of the Interior to accept gifts of land beyond Mt. Desert Island on the mainland. The active personal participation by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. may be dated from 1915. In that year the executive connittee of the Hancock Trustees passed a resol- ution authorizing Mr. Rockefeller to begin constructing roads on their lands. In 1915 and 1916 Mr. Rockofeller pade his first substantial contribution, in two pledges, which enabled the Trustees to complete the Reservation's tract for accept- ance by the Government as a National Monument, a total payment made to George Dorr of $34,500. From the Federal Government's acceptance in 1916 Hr. Rockofellor began to play an important role in aloost every aspect of Acadia National Park's development. His procedure was to buy property personally, which he then deeded to the government. His land acquisition was pointed toward definito objectivos=a workable unit at a time in which the boundaries were studied from the viewpoint that the need for land was to be established and then acquisition carried out to nect the objectivo. His general practice was to obtain, through the Park superintendent an expression of the decirability of these lands as additions to the Park, thus cooperating with the Park Servied in its objectives for land acquisition. Ho also had very definite plans of his own for the Park, and in certain cases bought lands to further a specific projeet and then offered then to the Park as a package with his plan for their develop- ment. By 1935 Mr. Rocktofeller's gifts to the Park totalled something over 2.700 aeros of land that cost over $250,000. The Park boundarios on Mt. Desert at that time extended to Frenchments Bay on the north and to the Atlantie on the south, By 1946 the total given by Mr, Rockefeller had rison to approximately 6,950 acros, and by his death in 1960 the total given, according to a report from Acadia National Park, October 18, 1968, 9,599.08 acros. In his will Mr. Rockefeller boqucathed an additional 1,701.80 acros to Acadia, making a grand total of 11,300 acros, to which should be added a dozon small parcels willed to the Park the acreage of which have not been detere minods Taken all in all, this represents a gift of some 35% of today's total park, more than given by any other person or group, and probably more than all others taken together. A letter of April 26g 1955 from Thomas C. Vint, Chief, Division of Design and Con- struction, National Park Service, to Horace N. Albright gives a very clocr picture of Mr. Rockefeller's relationship to the Park, from one who know him well, "April 25, 1955 Har "Some notes concerning what Mr, Rockefeller had to do about the making of Acadia National Park: "He bought and gave to the park more land then any other person or group, It is 2 probably safe to say noro land than all others together--certainly a greater total in value. "He built and maintained a carriage road system (notors prohibited) that give one who travels over it, or one of the loops that make up the system, a great experience in an experience that gives the traveler cll that Acadia Park has to offer -- its woods -- its lakes the grand views, the intinate views, the ocean, the mountains, etc., etc. Unfortunately, the public has responded to these much as it has the trial systems in other parks and uses then much loos then anticipated. This is a motor ago which, when it settles down and the autonobilo loss of c novelty to the general pop- ulation, the other moans of travel will como back to a reasonable proportion in the scheme of things. The carriage roads in Leadia National Park will one day got the recognition they deserve -- through use by the public, - if not by carriages, by saddle horse, bicycle, or by afoot. They will bc much used and not by automobile. "He had much to do about the Park notor road system, which is separated by overpasses from the carriage roads and the Town roads. He built part of the Cadillac Mountain road and parts of the main park loop road. He employed an ongineering firm and Frederick Law Olnsted for the noted landscape architect to make surveys and plans for the motor road loop. In short ho planned the road system, started construction and Inter made an agreement with the Government that he would acquire and donate certain lands to the park if the Government would complete the road system. "The above facts are well know in connection with these certain points concerning Mr. Rockofeller's relationship and are of special interest: "There is a lot of him in what he did for Acadia National Park. It was no ordinary contribution for the public good. "He knows intinately the physical geography and the beautics of Mt. Dosert Island, Its hills its shoreline its streams its woods where the finc viows are where autunn colors are best, etc. etc. Fow people know the lay of the land and its interesting details as well as he. He likes to build roads, Mo has a finc senso of location, fitting a road into the landscape. He made use of construction methods that reduced scars, many of which by example were used in other national parkas' The road construction, which began as mentioned in 1915, was of the greatest interest to Mr. Rockofeller, He approached this building as both an art and a science, study- ing every mile hincelf to give the Daxinun osthotic experience and the maximum com- fort. He himself fitted the roads into the landscape to cause the loast possible scar to the torrain. Mile surveys were made at his request, ho worked out each unit on paper hincolf and oversaw the actual construction, The grades, the curves, and the fino views for hin a personal creation. In 1932, Mr. Rockefoller made an agreement with Secretary of the Interior Wilbur to clarify the conditions of land deeded to the Government: "For a period of at least twenty five years from the data of gift. the horse roads in existence or later constructed will be open only for the use of horses, horse- drawn vehicles and pedestrians and not for motor traffic, except by consent of the 3 grantor at the request of the National Park Service, and except for maintenance, fire fighting, etc." Mr. Rockofeller resisted the pressure to open the island roads to notors, and was one of those who opposed their admission to the last. Yet, when cars were admitted, he did much for the motor road program. In short, he planned the road system, started its construction, and later made an agreement with the Government that he would ac- quire and donate certain lands to the Park if the Government would complete the road system. More specifically, Mr. Rockefoller built the Jordan Pond - Eagle Lake Road from which the present road up Cadillac Mountain makes its ascent, the Government paying for the rost. In 1934, he finished the construction of Ocean Drive to Sand Beach. North of this point, lie worked with the Government and offered certain landa to make extension possible. In the area of forestry, Mr. Rockefeller made an additional important contribution. Vhile earlier the deep woods had been cafo from lumber companies because transport- ation costs were too high, the use of the now gasoline sawcill soon made it profit- ablo to cut any of the island's soft wood growths. Mr. Rockefollor rescued large tracts of land from the sawnill. It was little known except to those innodiately involved that these acquisitions were made just in time to save the forests from devastation -- in some cases only a fow hours ahoad of the lunbernen and speculators. Further, Mr. Rockefeller followed a continuous policy of reforestation along his roads. No cut down dead trees, replaced or added to existing planting, brought in or transferred top coil where further planting occued desirable, and sooded bare banks "in order to noro completely restore the natural condition." The fifty-one niles of carriage roads put in with such care and devotion by Mr. Rockefaller - now all on Park land - proved invaluable during the tragic Mt. Dogert Fire in 1947. Not only did the open spaces provided help check the advance of the fire itself, but the horse roads made it possible for the fire fighters to move through the mountains quickly. Without then, the non and equipment could not have reached Seal Harbor and Northcast Earbor, and they would have burned just as did so much of Bar Marbor. of the total Park area at that time, some 30,000 acros, at loast one-third was burned over. Consulting with forestry tochnicians, Mr. Rockefeller drew up a plan for cleanup work, and John II, Eisinger was hired to do the job under a contract with the National Park Service. All responsibility for the work was undertaken by Mr. Rockefoller since there were no Park funds at the time to meet the energency. Fire danage crows worked the year round, and by 1952 expenditures were close to $500,000. Until his death in 1960, Mr. Rockefeller continued to contribute to further cleanup, and his widow, Martha Baird Rocksfeller, made additional gifts for this work through 1963. In addition to the fifty-one niles of carriage roads now within the Park, to which Mr. Rockefeller gave so much tinc and onthusicsm, there are another sixtoon niles of such roads on the 2,000 aeros still owned by the Rockefollor family on Ht, Desert. Those interconnect with the Park roads, and are all open to the public, making a unique system of sconic drives SOLIC sixty-seven niles in all. 4 There was, in fact, almost no area in connection with Acadia National Park that Mr. Rockefeller did not touch. He was much interested in Park architecture, and in 1929 sponsored and financed a survey by the Now York architect, Grosvenor Atterbury, of landscape and architectural problems for the Park Service. He wished to develop a type of architecture appropriate for Acadia. "I feel, he wrote, "that neither brick nor stucco would be appropriate. It soons, therefore, as though native stone and wood were the only other materials available. There are many ways in which these caterials can be used." In 1931, Mr. Rockofeller had the Brown Mountain and Jordan Pond Gate Houses built for a cost of about $80,000 -- stone and WOOD structures reflecting Hornan architecture. The Brown Mountain House was given to the Park in 1932, the Jordan house in 1940. Also, in 1923, lif. Rockefollor purchased the Jordan Pond Toa llouse for $40,000. Hc leased it back to the owners who operated it until 1945. In 1940, Mr. Rockcfeller gave both the house and the surrounding land to the Park. Last of all, foreseeing the future, in 1034 Mr. Rockefoller becane a stockholder, and subsequently a Director of the Acadia Corporation, organized to take concessions from the Government for business opportunities in Acadin, and to operate then. His main interest in those concessions was their architectural detail, their suitability of location, and attractivonoss of structure. Ho kept in constant touch with the Corporation architecto, and submitted plans, revisions and suggestions for several of the concession buildings. Taken all in all, the contributions of Mr. John D. Pockefeller, Jr. to Acadia National Park, spread over half a century, were an extraordinary expression of his devotion to preserving the great natural beautics still to be seen today in Mount Decert Island. 5 is JLA, 73,F9 pg.lof2 MEMORANDUM January 1, 1967 To: THE STAFF From: DIRECTOR Subj.: EXCERPT FROM THE BAR HARBOR TIMES WEDNESDAY, MAY 8, 1929 WILL BE MEMORIAL FOR R. B. JACKSON To Establish Cancer Research Laboratory DR. LITTLE DIRECTOR Relatives and Friends Will Erect Building Near Sieur de Monts Spring for Memorial to Seal Harbor Summer Resident A cancer research laboratory is to be established this summer at Bar Harbor, in memory of Roscoe B. Jackson of Detroit, president of the Hudson Motor Company, a summer resident of Seal Harbor who died last winter on the Riviera. This is made possible through the warm interest of Mrs. Jackson in work which her husband had in process of establishment, together with Edsel Ford and Richard H. Webber of Detroit and George B. Dorr of Bar Harbor, who had offered to contribute land for the purpose. Dr. Clarence C. Little, who has just resigned from the presidency of the University of Michigan, will be president of this Association and direct its scientific work. This work will be devoted as its main object to cancer research, in which Dr. Little will have associated with him Dr. L. C. Strong, who has already done much work on experimental studies of cancer, and Dr. W. S. Murray, who has been associated with him for several years, both at the Univer- sity of Maine and at the University of Michigan. Miss Elizabeth Fekete will act as technical assistant and will also do research work. It is also expected that J. M. Murray, instructor in anatomy at the University of Michigan, A. M. Cloudman, formerly professor of zoology at the University of Vermont, and J. J. Bittner, assistant in cancer research at the University of Michigan, will join the staff within a year. Page 1 of 2 MPAP 90-20 1/1/67 2of2 With cancer as its major cause will be included, as opportunity may come, studies in the natural history of Mount Desert Island and its region carried out in connection with the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory at Salisbury Cove. The founders of the new organization are Mrs. Roscoe B. Jackson, Mr. and Mrs. Edsel Ford, Mr. and Mrs. Richard H. Webber and George B. Dorr. When Richard W. Jackson, the son of Mr. and Mrs. Jackson, now entering Yale University, reaches legal age it is intended that he shall take his father's place in what will now become a distinguished and publicly useful memorial to him. The tract of land selected for this purpose is given by Mr. Dorr, whose father and mother, Charles Hazen Dorr and Mary Gray Ward Dorr of Boston, were among the earliest summer visitors and residents at Bar Harbor and owned the land. With their memory Mr. Dorr associates this gift as well as making it in commemoration of Mr. Jackson's great interest in the matter, as from his own. The land is on the left side of the road leading to the Tarn between the corner of Main Street and Morrell Park. Londary The site on which the memorial building will be placed is one of great natural beauty which has been in possession of the Dorr family for over half a century. Northward it looks across Frenchman's Bay and its islands 1879. to the Gouldsboro Hills; south and west to the mountains of Acadia National Park, whose land it borders on two sides. There are no disfiguring surround- ings nor possibility of impairment of the natural beauty of the site, which also is supplied with water from the Town gravity supply from Eagle Lake, and finds its entrance on the county road to Seal and Northeast Harbors. Sieur de Monts Spring lies close at hand and the whole surrounding is one of exceptional landscape interest and beauty. Application for incorporation has been made to the State, with the following incorporators: George B. Dorr, Judge Luere B. Deasy, David 0. Rodick, all of Bar Harbor; William MacCrillis Sawyer, of Bangor, Maine; W. S. Murray of Hampden, Maine; J. Lovell Little of Boston, Massachusetts, and Dr. Clarence C. Little of Ann Arbor, Michigan. The work will be continuous throughout the year and represents an organized effort to approach the cancer problem from the point of view of experimental biology. It is hoped that the concentration incident to a small and cooperative group of workers may lead to progress in what may be considered the greatest unsolved cause of suffering and death among mankind. ELG: ims Page 2 of 2 MPAP 90-20 1/1/67 Pg. 1 of PRIVATE OWNERS HOLD LANDS IN PARK AREAS By A.E. DEMARAY New York Times (1857-Current file); Jun 9, 1929; ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times pg. XX9 PRIVATE OWNERS HOLD STRUCTURES THAT DISFIGURE NATIONAL PARKS LANDS IN PARK AREAS Government Seeks to Acquire Tracts That Prevent Full Public Use of Great Scenic Reservations and Will Match Citizens' Contributions Up to $3,000,000 preclude full protection of forests. ment is now proceeding to obtain O' NE of the difficulties of landscape and game, and serve as title to these lands, more than 12,000 administering the national bases for commercial activities acres in extent. The rapidity with parks for the benefit of deemed incompatible with national which lands in other national parks the people relates to privately park development. can be acquired depends upon how owned land within park areas. A somewhat similar situation pre- promptly and adequately contributed Private control of any part of a valls in Rocky Mountain National funds are made available. The suc- national park is held to be ob- Park, in Colorado, where 8,000 acres cess or failure of the 50-50 policy es- jectionable, hence Congress has under private ownership keeps from tablished by Congress depends entire- appropriated $3,000,000 to pur- public use the choicest camping ly upon this. sites and permits the erection of The national parks are not just chase park land in the posses- structures not in harmony with the playgrounds. They represent the sion of individuals, provided an equal sum be raised privately landscape. Also in Sequoia, General ultimate in majestic scenery. in the Grant and Lassen Volcanic National records of natural phenomena, or In for the same purpose. The situ- Parks in California, Grand Canyon the history of the indefinite past. In ation is explained in the follow- National Park in Arizona, Crater short, they are great natural univer- ing article by the Acting Direc- Lake National Park in Oregon, Mesa sities of the outdoors, inspirational tor of the National Park Service. Verde National Park in Colorado, and educational to a greater degree even than recreational. Rocky Mountain National Park in Private Property Within the Preserves Is Often an Eyesore. By A. E. DEMARAY Washington and Zion National Park HERE are nineteen national in Utah, private holdings strategical- T parks in the continental United lv situated prevent effective protec- States. The first national park tion and administration. allowing a was created in 1872 by the es- few persons to monopolize choice lo- tablishment of the Yellowstone Na- cations to the exclusion of the gen- tional Park in what was then the eral public for whose benefit and en- Territory of Wyoming, and the latest joyment the parks were established. in 1929. when the Grand Teton Na- Purchase For Parks. tional Park was established in the Grand Teton Mountains, also in Wy- Congress tried to solve the private 1929: oming. and immediately to the south land problem, first, by revision of of Yellowstone. It is an interesting boundaries to exclude the more ex- coincidence that the first and the tensive private land areas, and sec- latest of the great national parks to ond, through exchanges of lands with- be established are located in the in. the parks themselves. In 1916 it same general region. went a step further and appropriated Of the nineteen parks in the con- $50,000 for the purchase of 600 acres of land in the heart of the Glant tinental United States, twelve con- tain a greater or lesser acreage of Forest in Sequoia National Park, on private land holdings. This situa- which stood some of the most mag- tion came about through patents nificent of the Sequoia gigantea. having been issued for lands in these This appropriation was not suffi- areas before they were considered cient to buy the entire tract and the for national parks, and when the National Geographic Society came question of determining boundaries to the rescue with a contribution of came up it was found to be imprac- $20,000 to make up the deficiency. ficable to exclude them. Naturally, The purchase was accordingly con- early selections of lands by individu- summated. thereby preventing pri- als were made with a view to acces- vate exploitation of this wonderful sibility, the presence of valuable tim- forest of big trees. Although in the Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 2 of 2 her, choice meadows. and attractive meantime a number of strategically lake and stream frontages. Even situated tracts had been acquired power possibilities were not over- through private contributions in looked. Glacier, Sequoia, Zion and Mesa Verde National Parks, it was not Yosemite Boundaries. The Yosemite National Park as until eleven years later that Con- originally established covered an area gress again appropriated funds for of 1,512 square miles, including ap- these purposes. proximately 50,000 acres of privately In 1927 Congress inaugurated in a owned lands, which were concen- small way a general policy of ac- trated largely along the western quisition of private lands in the na- border of the park and consisted of tional parks when it appropriated lands principally valuable for their $50,000 for this purpose. This ap- timber, a high grade of sugar and propriation was conditional upon yellow pine. A commission appointed each dollar of government funds ex- to survey Yosemite boundaries, in pended being matched by contrib- the belief that a reduced park area, uted funds from private. sources. more susceptible to complete pro- In the next year a like appropria- section and supervision by the gov- tion was made and under similar cinment, would be preferable to the restrictions as to matching with con- larger area with large concentrated tributed funds. Although a few small timber holdings likely to be logged holdings were acquired as a result off in the near future, recommended of these appropriations, it was ap- that the boundaries be revised to parent that if real results were to be exclude the bulk of the timber obtained broader authority must be lands. granted and larger funds appropri- In line with this recommendation, ated. By 1928 timber holdings in Congress. by Act of Feb. 7, 1905, Yosemite, the ownership of which eliminated from the park approxi- had previously been divided among mately 500 square miles. including three owners, were consolidated in a 30.000 acres of private lands. A con- single ownership, indicating an early siderable part of the 20,000 acres of resumption of logging operations in private lands still remaining in the park area. the Yosemite Park was in scattered, Furthermore, the presence of Sum- isolated holdings, and the timber mer home properties in Glacier lands that were left were at rela- caused Congress to hold up comple- tion of the Transmountain Road in tively high altitudes and for that reason not considered to be avail- that park. The tremendous increase able for logging. It was accordingly in travel to the parks was forecast- felt at the time that much of the ing the possibility that gasoline sta- menace of private holdings had been tions, hot-dog stands and the like removed. would be erected on every piece of private land along the traveled By 1908, however, a railroad had roads. Inability to control private been completed to the western park land activities was increasing the boundary, thereby making accessible forest fire hazard, threatening the even those higher areas of timber, and in 1911 active logging operations protection of game and permitting the operation of commercial activi- were started on lands bordering on ties wholly at variance with national the park and included within the original park boundary. Then again park policy. The integrity of the National Park System was being arose the menace of logging oper- threatened. ations within the park. Congress, while not convinced of the advis- ability of purchasing lands outright, Funds For Next Year. At this stage it became apparent did enact legislation in 1912 and 1914 to Congress that an immediate solu- authorizing exchanges of land, there- tion must be found if the high stan- by permitting the acquisition of pri- dards of national park protection vately owned timber lands at criti- and administration for public use cal points. were to be maintained. Accordingly, Lands Exchanged. there was included in the bill appro- Under this authorization a number priating funds for the Department of exchanges were consummated of the Interior for the fiscal year between 1913 and 1923, by which the 1930. an item providing for the .ac- privately owned timber lands which quisition of all privately owned lands bordered either side of the Wawona in national parks and monuments. Road almost continuously for a dis- The item specifically appropriated tance of sixteen miles were acquired $250,000 in cash and provided author- as an effective screen to that road, ity for the Secretary of the Interior but at the sacrifice of large stands to contract to the extent of $2,750.- of inferior government timber in less 000 more, conditional upon Federal Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. [I. (60) In talking with Mr. Rockefeller the other day, it was the first he realized that it was necessary for him to deed additional And to the Park for the accomplishment of the Harden Farm road project. This was my error as I had supposed he knew it, but in going through the correspondence found that I had not definitely told him so. He got in touch with Vint and me this morning. We met him on the ground and went over the ground with him. He suggested that he was willing to give all of his land in that neighborhood to make the road possible, but that due to the tax situation and where he had given so much that would come out of taxation this following year he had much rather not do this. But that he would give from the center of that portion of Ledgelawn Avenue Extension which was discontinued so much of his land on the East side of the road as you and the engineers determined was necessary and I understand Mr. Simpson is working of this this afternoon. Another reason for his not wishing to deed all of this land there is that At would cover the land over which the proposed carriage road would have an underpass which you wrote him of and which he things is an excellant idea. Whilen we were going over his land he wished to see what the rest of the situation was. I explained to him what your plans were in regard to retaining the triangular lot which is bounded on the South by Harden Farm Road, on the North by the new road to be built, and on the East by a line running through Long Field, and above that, that we you 2- were prepared to give up to Kebo's land and as far as the right of way to Kebo, retaining the balance of Long Field. That you were prepared to give the necessary land on the East side of Ledgelawn Avenue Extension for the culvert to be built, also the land which was bounded on the North by Kebo brook, on the South and East by the sulvert and on the West by Ledgelaga Avenue Exten- sion, and sufficient of your land on the West of Ledgelawn Avenue Extension as was necessary for the culvert and its abutments, and that there were certain reservations and restrictions which you placed upon all of your property. We also examined the corner over by the golf links and Kebo spring, where you donate exactly the amount of land required for the construction of the road. After seeing the general lay-out of the road he flet that there might be quite some difficulty in getting the Government to accept the proposition as laid out, that he had had matters in connection with giving land to the Government where they were very exacting as to just what they should have, even though he were making a figh gift of it, even to the point of being aggravating. Nr. Vint, prior to this meeting, had wired for someone from Washington to come up, (I think he is one of the attorneys), and look over the lay-out as it now is and see if they would act favorably upon such a proposition, but both Mr. Rockefeller and Mr. Vint, from their experiences with the attorneys, felt that the whole thing might be turned down, as inadequate land area. 34 To avoid having this happen and to have a deed which would be reasonably acceptable to the Government, Mr. Rockefeller suggested to me that there. are five piecos of your land involved in this problem, in additional to that which you have designated for gift, namelys 1. The land adjoining you the golf links where the road comes into the Harden Farm Road, from Kebo Mountains 2. The Southwestern tttangle which you reserve; 3. The Northern part of Long Field, 4. That land which you own Fast of Lodgelewn Avenue Extension which is bounded on the North by Kebo Brook and on the South by and 5. the land which you own West of the road from Bonsey's bridge westerly to Kebo, and which is bounded on the West by the East Line of Kebo and Southerly and Easterly by Kebo Brook. He suggested to me that I ask you if you would be willing to convey these various tracts togother with the other land which you have in mind conveying now, without restrictions to the Government, and the dood covering all to go directly from you to the Government, as a gift, and as a personal matter between you and Mr. Rockefeller, he would pay be glad to pay you five thousand dollars, in order that the Park night have the necessary loo-way to cone and go on which they are so anxious to have. [A.H.Lynam] TITE BOSTON SUNDAY GLOBN;- JUNE JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER LIVES WITH VILLAGERS IN 1929 HIS MAY VACATION TRIPS TO MT DESERT ISL AN These Spring Vacations Always Mean Improvements and Extensions in the Elaborate Systems of Roads T He Has Given to His Summer Home --- Millionaire Sleeps in Room Over Kitchen, Living in the Simplicity I-le Demands For His Children View that Champlain Plymouth are or Road, Mt. Desert. 2 Hemlock Bridge in Madlock Pond Valley, a Rockefeller Contribution to the beauty of mt. besel John D. Rockefeller Photo Orc of the Vistas Rockefeller was opened to the Public. This is Jordan Mt. By LOUIS M. LYONS open carriage and bridle paths over SEAL HARBOR, Me-Every May, the mountains and through the dark forests that clothe the shores of Just as the gardeners on Mt Desert Frenchman's Bay. being their annual task of manicur- $500,000 for Scenic Road Ink the elekant colato not Bar Hav ne put into the bor's most exclusive Suinmor colony, first scenlo motor road across the is John D. Rocketeller Jr packs his land. This was to even things up and share with the motorist the pleasures bag In Now York and takes the night that the more exclusive carriage own- train down here 3 rough it for a OIM had had to themselves. Beautiful arched bridges, of the while. native yellow granite, make grade Except for Mrs Max Farrand, niece crossings to carry his carriage roads One of Rockefeller's grade crossings, to carry of Edith Wharton, who comes before over or under the automobile high- way. a carriage road under the motor highway the migratory birds, Rockefeller is He has employed artists and archi- tects and engineers to design and below, there is world of fragrance and beautify and open this land to public 114 goes In very little for the first of the Summer visitors to place these granite arches so that they white lovellines. the wild pear and the 1180. Tho Impression on Mt Dear ive social 1111 of Bar Harbor this millionarea' vacation paradise. LIVE most enohanting vistas of wild cherry which turn the spot to that ho will eventdally give It to the mer. A Sunday school the mountains that riso out of the Springtimo Bloy 119 Hvd 1:1 113elr Government to add 10 the wide acrosska many years and patron of But when he comes aloue In May, BCH on Mt Desort. In the season off Autumn when gold which lin has already turned over to lilous endowments, Rockefell John D. Rockefeller Jr is different To appreciate what a thrust for de- and green and red and yellow Inter- the national mark. faithful attendant nt the Bapt mocracy this extensive road building mingle In gorgames 1lot. from the millionaires who come later Paul Simpson, if plain, pleasant claipel 110 built for the Scal amounts to, one must understand And there la many In early Winter faced man, who has grown up In Rock- community. Simpson is les for the fashionable Beason. The per- what u stronghold of exclusion this too. A day In December given rider creller's employ, is the engineer of the churchpoer. manent residents of Mt Desert recog- Summer resort has been. Right up or walker Rimpo of far-off horlzon road and bridge building. When Rock- Paul. you been to almost IIII the World War, Bar Hur. hills. morn shappy elched. There creller comos In May, It 10 to Inspect nize the difference, Rockcfeller askod one d bor rigidly excluded automobiles from clarity and them A10 vistas Imposal the road work with Simpron. answer John D. Just Folks the Island. That meant that only the blo to the 11mm of follage. The rose Simpson's questions and make sugges. son 11113 looking protty comor very wealthy, who could maintain their tions on the operations. IL Sunday. and gray of the native granite, the Rockofellor is Just folks when he own Summer stables, could enjoy They ride out together, In the morn- 'No, air,' camo the unregen. gleam of emerald from A moss-topped ply. thought working for leaves valet and secretarios behind and that rugged beality of this ancient rock, even the withered gold of the Ing. usually on horseback. When they drops down to spend a low days in the pass men working on the MILLA, Rocki who gook to church as much a: headland, which is unequaled In New birch leaves, with everywhere thu nolld was enough." back room over the kitchen all Irving England. The occasional tourist who dark, eye-restin; green of pino or air foller has the happy knnck of anying: For exercise Rockefeller likes Clement's village house. The Clements would drive his family for a week-end The massive masoury of Deer Brook something pleasant In it manner not are old-thoo Summer neighbors of the trip to Mt Desert was barred. fornidable that put a man at casc. wood. 111s boys, also, especial Bridge seems " cunning contrivance throp, the youngest. like to Rockefellers, who have been coming Park Given to Public with nature so that, had It alood for Cook Own Dinner In Open thin woods. He has found Mt down to this mountainous Island for century there 11 could scarcely be village llfo an opportunity for 20 years or more It was not long after the automo- more n part and parcel of the limity At noon they build All open Are and pho and natural rearing of his Clemient is one of the permanent rest. hile had penetrated the harrier that the quietness 11, wooday peacefulness cook hucon or frankforts and colleo 10 The children are now pret dents who make a living taking care Inclosed Bar Harbor society before the On Sargent Mountain. 500 feel above go with the cold lunch that Simpson grown up. the youngest about of the rich people's places. Now that beauty of Champlain and Cadillac sea level, the 10001 system traveracy takes along. Often they spend n Jong oldent already married. It 11 Ednel Ford has built n stone castle at Mountains was dedicated to the public glant rock allde 1111 englucering prob day on horsehack out over the exten. one of John D. Rockefeller J Seal Harbor, Clement is the Ford care- use AS a new national park, the only lem magnificently solved, and these sive system of drives. palastaking objects In life to taker one In the East. road stand as all enduring monument On his May vacation this year Rocke. children throught up to feel nc Rockefeller has his own villa, burled HockeleUer almost Immediately be to brain and hand and derstanding foller had A cold and didn't feel consclousness of great wealth. In the aliore forust that Tringen the gan to build a motor road through the spirit of the planner and the builders to the usual horseback tours. So after lampt them out of the public Island villn," But he prefers on these platuresque lake district of the Island, supper each evening. Stinpson put 011 May vi.its to leave his 10⑆ house closed Sargent's Highest Point them from seeing their picture conecting Bar Harbor with Seal and CORT and vest And went down to Clein- papers because ho any 1st and LU one of the family at the Northeast. Harbors on the southern From Sampont Mountain's highest ent's to Kn In past the Ico chest. beune for youngater.r tn fool that Clement collaxo. 110 has his meals shore. vantage point me looks off over IL careful not in knock off 11.5 array of persons of Importance. Nownbialis will, the Clements If he liculb the telephone ring he allawors Rising from this. motor highway is landscape whose benuity paint and varnish CAUR and up the now about to be built by the Govern- thrilly and Sun. back states 10 Rockefeller's room. A Classic Story and than BUOS to look up the person ment. to reach to the summit of 11: elemin forested Banks of There over draftsman's board III Summers the Rockefeller two boys doing problems the then goos to the porson ment, to reach to the summe 01 mountains, 1110 supphire shine OL called. Cadillao Mountain, the highest peak and off the west.in bay Is the very road engineer and Rocketeller put their in the village Young lady on the line for you, on the castern coust of the United limit of vision. The Camden HIIIS are heads together over road mays and Interests. off... In the yord and Paul." States. far miracles of lovellness upon the road accounts. room of the caretake children. Island People Thrillod Rockefoller's now horse roads pene. horizon. Off over the western bay, too, Rockefeller enjoys the companionship Thin classic story of the Rocke trate Lilo forest sanotuary beyond the is Swans Island and Islo IIII Haut. of the plain man from Maine. At other on ML Desert Is related of the Clem Igland folks, Inviting the Clements reach of the automobile. Now 300 Again. hore and rider have left seasons they often hunt together. Both children. An they played one day wit out, have Loon thrilled to learn later uniles of trails are open to mountain the inagniticance or the heights and are trout f)shermen who enjoy the fa. the young Rockefellers J. l'. Morgan that their message was taken by a cilumbing, The Appalachian Mountain man whose name is an American by- descend 10 Haillock Valley, crosses mous fishing of the Acadia region. It handsome yacht camo Into the Harbo Club of Boston has its tent site on Its beautiful bilder. and the scone and Is revealing of Rockefeller's character, word for fabulous wealth and power. "Why," demanded one of the youn the ahore EchoyLake where the Down here John D. Rockefoller Ir sounds of woodsy traflicking. the pines that Simpson, n bashful sort of man who is respectful to atrangers, shows Clements. "doesn't your father get liftin's 11:0 end, but not for Inbalous HA yacht like that, PO wo can 8/1/1 is silver birches In stender grace, all no particular deference for his em- wealth and power, rather for being parted Attractions of Road It? make, Winter 01 Summer. Allumn or ployer. Rockefeller does not demand a plain and pleasant person, com. Rookerglior's 12-mile driving road aubaervlenco of hia employes. When What do you think wo are," retor fortablo to have around. system is unique. While It 1, not of Spring. H place 10 lin rought, and n greateet it presents varied attrac- place easily ible. he goes riding. attended by IL groom. ed n Rockefeller, 'Vanderbilta? "He's a roal man, is the local There Is no choosing the most heau Rockefeller rides alongsido lile man John D. Jr hay brought up his famil judgment of the Rockefeller character. tions.40n ascends by easy grades, in not ahead of him. Such a trait does in feel that they mon't Vanderlall These island folks who are 50 used looping road, in one section. until at tiful part of the system. It climbs to mountain heights From it one glories not pass unmoticed In the equality of Mt. Desert thinks of that AS an achieve to being high hatted by the multi. last the full height and the full mag- hr the blue beauty of Some: Sound, an Island village. mont In democracy. farlous millionaires of Bar Harbor inficence of the seascape and landscape were long impreased by the democratic comes upon one with breath-taking the only true flord of the coast, cutting simplicity of Rockefeller. But they beauty. the Island Into Invives and into greater The road construction is superb, in beauty. Even 111r maines one encoun- take him for granted now. Everybody grading. width and sufaco treatment. ters in the system are lovely. speaks to him. He speaks to every- Even now, with the system yet un- Echo Lake I In placed loveil- body finished, the sole obstructions to one's noss, beneath Ilin darkly browning BIN Campbell, smiling ranger of way no those for which the builders cliffs of Becch IIIII. Eagle Lake, n the Acadia National Forest. whoso de- velopment Rockefeller has assisted, had hoped-the reaching, clinging vine sheet of exquisite water, with its up- counts him a personal acquaintance. tendrils and natural forest growth lands, the Nithbles and other beauti- coming back In beautiful reclamation ful heights. The driver of the wagon that meets the ferry refers to him affectionately as to grow over the copying stones which Jordan Pond with It expanse of here and there may outline a road- beauty emphasized by twin moun- "the old man. edge. tains, the run Hadlock's Aunt Dominant Personality There Thean roads penetrate into the very Betty's. Hall Noon Pond. Duck Brook, heart of wildernesses. Bridges cross all of them to conjure with In Nobody thinks of him hero AS cavornous ravines. They are magni- beauty. in in unspolled (11st- Young John D." Hls father never ficently built, too. But the outstanding nesses. Flado this his Summer home. Julin D. characteristic of the road system is 11s And whether older. driver or walker Jr Is the dominant personality on Mt appropriateness to its location. In on 1114 follow lake Descrt. There must be some comfort graceful arch a bridge crosses n brook. edge mountain health or In that to a man. now 55. who all his The sound of tumbling white water deseends Into lland which makes life has been known In the business over the rocks nt Waterfall Bridge Is one 1001 if were III the heart world 18 the son of John D. Rockefel- In novecese foreign to the lines of the of it great there always this ler. bridge Itself, 110 intruder upon this sense of nature of neces- Here In his own right, John D. Jr aylvall. sceno but fitting the whole In albility with Imbarce " posses- has Impressed his name and person- strong and simple lines. And this de- sion of the absointely unique. ality pon a charming community that tall is everywhere notable. A carpet of Others ented 1114 Work regard him as Its chief benefactor. rine nucules In flung ACross the road Buildink roads is Rockefeller's beneath the horse's feet. The rider Outdoor 11/10 limmp ⑉ ride hobby. That is what brings him every knows of the finely constructed road these pictur trails in No. May to Mt Desert. Ho has been bulla. beneath, a fair demonstration that tional Park more the the lealiz. ing roads here for years. beginning In "beauty 18 forgotten toll," for the to Rocketelle: The more exclusive his own estate and widening his oper- hand of man has aided, not disturbed Summer resented lils activi- ations until he has opened 40 miles of the ayivan spots of beauty. tios In opculn: the Island to tourists so much that some went to Washing- drivey through the forests and along Spring and Fall Best the rocky shores of this magnificent ton and tried In keep roads out of the northern island. Atlgreat height above a stretch of new national park. George Gafilold Bitting on the latest type potato planter. It He has made the beauty of the new landland sea and sky, one stands on a Rockefeller owns perhaps AS much moustain skirting road, and looks off area on the Island as is now n Gov. with practically no help from the operator. All It needs is a supply national park accessible by his system of roads. He has went $1,000,000 to at panoramic grandeur, while close conment control It is his h.bby to of potato seed and fertilizer, 11 de: all the real. 00 ANPA Park Seconds Box DA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HERMON CAREY BUMPUS, CHAIRMAN LOUISE DEKOVEN BOWEN HERBERT V. NEAL THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY SALISBURY COVE. MAINE August 19, 1929 Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. The Eyrie, Seal Harbor, Maine Dear Mr. Rockefeller, I am back in Duxbury after a few days at Mount Desert, where I again became enthused, both with the Laboratory and with the developments incident to the National Park. see I think we made no mistake in regard to the former: The number of workers - forty - is twice that of a year ago. They are of a high standard. Their problems are important They are industrious and the general atmosphere is wholesome. There is no divided interest between the work carried on by Doctor Neal and the newer projects of Doctor Little. Both are sympathetically cooperative. At the annual meeting of the Board the thought was expressed that it is wiser, for the present, for the growth of the institution to follow needs that are clearly demonstrated rather than to proceed on a theoretical basis. With this in mind the Board suggested a budget of 15,000 for the season of 1930 and I am asking if you are quite willing to make a 20% increase in your subscription of a year ago, which you will recall was on the basis of $2,500 capital and $2,000 current. In asking this I do not forget that in addition to your gift of last year you also donated the Karst property, which has provided comfortable living quarters for Professor Marshall, one of the leading men of Johns Hopkins - I sometimes feel that in assisting men of science to solve their domestic problems we are more directly promoting science than is generally understood. Attached you will find a list of those using the Laboratory and a copy of the suggested budget for the coming year. Concerning Acadia National Park - Secretary Wilbur has asked me to serve on his Advisory Board and I have been asked to give particular 1929 attention to and report upon the educational possibilities of the Vellowstone and Acadia. I naturally discussed these matters with CBP Mr. Dorr, but in driving about the island with him I became, may I say, both so enraptured with what Nature is ready to convey and so con- scious of your own appreciation of this educational and inspirational opportunity that I resolved to make no formal report without first asking if I might discuss certain plans with you, or, if you do not Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. - 2 - August 19, 1929 find this convenient, if it will be quite sufficient for me to rely upon Mr. Dorr's advice and approval. I am planning to spend a day or two at Mount Desert before the close of the season. Always with best wishes for you and yours, Duxbury, Mass. [H. C Burapus DI Pg.lof. 4 NARA NPS, SMR 7.29 Superintendes "Acadia" month Rpt 1923-35 capy 1929-1930 Notes (SMR) ) p.3 During the working Scarm the Superinteder sped the M Yr greater part of ever day in the field pussuall supcuring All in work in program This, of recensity, to he him into ever tepan Sceen of the Pack " G.B.Dorr original C. I Allowance 4n-Q 129 t 1st Q 1930 26,820. pg4 - Remadely Homans us dues - - Schoolic capleted 5 - 23,805 visits in 1929 Season, end of July (10% annual incurred 8 pp-report - Geverd - Adm No photo States of work Pach Inspect finance. Acct. Equip + Supp Circular - Universe & New' cant. - Cooperity good. Cogner - " non- Your -Pah Use by Public Weather Cond - Unitors - Public lamps - Protection Police, SMR 8.29 P9 "In August 1929 ANP experience in-way responsthe higgest Single montes since its establisht a good start an the in other wood leady to the summer of Cadellae st." ns. L largers on motorcycle patrol of the pand (5,000 miles covered) ni Lost invoice werning inno the 10 but DI, NPS, JMK 0.44 J 19.3 "Three neen trails were laid out undel parable by hikews." All situated off Schoolic Head Be It 56 285 vilits, seasonal total 129,150. SMR 9.29 PS. 3 10 Ernest w. Sawyer. Exec. Sacy. to the Secretary of Interest. inspected ANP. Guart at Dorr's home. par By moddle of Sept. wach pinche accord". end of Season Visite 20,404 Smp 10.29 (CMRP) PS 3-4 Caddlore lt Road Property n carried out under food conditions - Summary SMD 11.29 P = CNRO stopped 11/22 he :- endorse weather. P. 4/5 Insect Central uport grey & white birch suffer most for Birch heaf using South Birch Care power. , SMP (1,29 Range patrals continue "for some general pataction," SMP 1.30 19.2 "The outstanding want of the month one which is under whi deepest regret has the death of the form Director, Mr. Mather. The Superintent + chief ranger were in attendence at to finual teur 4." SMP 2.30 "All quiet mth lostern front." pg. 3 79 Conway. + S.A. Conley fm th General Accounty office, Wrighton, visited the Pah a) inspected ta financial a becenty records. Then counts indicated that regts un sansfering 3.30 B. L. Hadley, Acting (not Dorr's report) PS. "on thank 15 the supervided left for to confer C service affloods on impt, pack matter had and at thrend of the Month not returned ^ Asse ARA, DI. NPS SMR 4.30 B P5. I "Supertand are hast term the eak on officil husion until the 25th His atter marked Y heroing of the plain work searn havy land plan. for the current activi th 18-2 CMRR resumes, PC 3 "E.C Fuller, sever Pathologist in change + blither-rest control property how May "ribes eradicat in." Smp. 5.30 II' P mp 6.30 p9-1/4 CMRP now one male From top. unh to simplete al 60% it allow have the shappers G June 21 Super called ty Waight to coron to Severer on matter perting to Pah Return 27t. 6/2 Dising uss. george Akersm, write of a section to the Presider "deliver E it. eastern representation & the pain Suplemen Park Inspection June 4 by Director - Assac. Dip. for r Pah Source. greats of GBD. "llake a though irsp. for Parki's extrusion I improved The first unit of the Director ...very much please - disply impressed e all that has bee. done." Visito Schoodic Pt. Blisterher Control Project (BRCP) summary. mp 7.30 pq.3 Schoolic Pensula Project (SPP) $6,600 allow in Interior is Bureau of luble Road to cands is survey for a road an Schoolic Christanger B.L Had leng virted th 7/23-24. smp 8.30 11' A line. 6.5 MI. completed and Schoolic Permitter R-24 New construction activity. equipal purchases. mp 9.30 or Visitn record Fa season ! 154,734. largest elith pal "The outstand item of cappt. was th amount a Sept. 11 I of road construction 1 laye proportions. prepared and finance h Mr. Joh D. Rochille, Jr. DI. NPS. SMR. 9.30 4 1.2 Mr. Ludgate, Land scope - Planning Asst, has data that will help plan future with as and - permanent record f reference of and alread accomplished some. 10,30 pl.1 Oct. 13th the wrish fair the Island has experienced bich out in the Town of Southwest Harbor, about mile ad a dalf north of the parks sea Wall property. [it] burned uncontracted through the 15th Rain arwed and checked but did not extinguis + Burned ut 125th sea Will proper was not touched dee to wasterly wind. P8 7 Dr. Harold Bryant (NPS office) visited, guest to D on, to become E Pahrits problem P13 an 10/31 CMRP wa within / day of being 100% complete. SMR 11.30 not Update a Schoolic Project Extended reput on impact to MDI of Harcoah Capt revine of law for beer hunting, an oversight that am d but deer half m MDI outside pah, deer previous protected ad now "vey tome- nothing shot of an slaughter if th innocents." Pititions developed Multidin classes of MDI to due hent. SMR 12.30 separately Chuy Engineer 7.A Kittredge as Charles Peterson of the Ladscape Piv. in spected Cadillac t Schoolic Road, N.J. Wilt, Chief Acct. spent a wed goy new accounts + office procedure. 29 36 37 34 35 38 39 40 27 41 26 28 29 Superintendent's Conference 17 20 30 32 31 33 18 21 16 19 22 23 14 24 25 Sept. 18-25, 1929 8 7 9 10 11 1 12 5 13 3 2 4 15 Yellowstone 6 Standing on 1. Ansel Hall 4. Horace M. Albright Walk and 2. Frank Kittredge 5. Roger Toll Your E&AA Representatives Grass: 3. Arno 8. Cammerer 6. Tom Vint Roger K. Rector Chairman of the Board Richard Hart Vice-Chairman Mary Lou Phillips Executive Secretary 7. Thomas Boles 12. John D. Coffman C.P. Montgomery Treasurer 8. Charles (White Mtn) Smith 13. Minor Tillotson 2nd Row: Earl M. Semingsen Special Membership Officer (1st step) 9. Frank (Boss) Pinckley 14. Edmund Rogers Nancy C. Blauvelt Education Trust Officer 10. Thomas J. Allen 15. Samuel Woodring 11. Charles Goff Thompson Alumni Editor James F. Kieley Alumni Directory Mary June Fugate Circulation Sylvia Johnson 16. 21. Al Solinsky Mid-Atlantic North Atlantic 17. Jesse Nussbaum 22. Employee-Vacant Employee-Bill Locke 3rd Row: 18. Owen A. Tomlinson 23. Arthur Burney Alumni-Ross Sweeny Alumni-Lawrence C. Hadley 19. John T. Needham 24. Antoin J. Snyder 20. Walker Collins 25. Ross Eakin Southeast HFC Employee-Vern Ingram Employee-Richard Russell Alumni-George Fry 26. 30. Eivind Scoyen Midwest NCP 4th Row: 27. 31. Charles Gable Employee-James L. Ryan Employee-Sandra Alley 28. Joe Joffe 32. Joseph Dixon Alumni-Raymond Rundell Alumni-Theodore T. Smith 29. 33. Dorr Yeager Southwest- Rocky Mountain Employee-Wayne B. Cone Employee-Wayne W. Bryant Alumni-Tom Ela Alumni-Richard Hart 34. Harry Hommond (PHS) 38. Top: 35. 39. Carl P. Russell Western Pacific Northwest 36. Harry J. Liek 40. Employee-Harold R. "Bob" Jones Employee-Edward J. Kurtz Alumni-Mary Benson Alumni-Victor Dahlberg 37. Col. John R. White 41. WASO Denver Service Center Employee-Nancy C. Blauvelt Employee-John 1. Reynolds At Large-Conrad L. Wirth 16 Hall Mana H.C. 9 22 Its first forty years [The Jackson Laboratory] And its next forty years! By RICHARD BAKER FORTY YEARS AGO when Dr. Clarence C. take years of research before the full story is known. Little began bringing biology students to Bar Harbor By then, however, it may well be 100 late. for nature studies, his must have seemed an Dr. Green himself is studying the deterioration innocuous pastime. Biology, in old-fashioned myth, is of environment - that caused by radiation. X-ray a fitting endeavor for little old ladies and retired diagnosis, radioisotope treatment and nuclear weapon ministers. The odd fellow with hornrimmed glasses testing have increased considerably the level of and butterfly net - oblivious to what life really is all radiation in our environment. From nuclear weapon about - still bothers young lovers in Playboy. testing alone, it has been estimated that perhaps But probably not for long. 10,000 defective children are born each year. Dr. A growing number of thoughtful people have Green would like to determine how much damage begun to see biology - and at its center, genetics - as would appear immediately or several generations in the most exciting of scientific endcavors, more the future. startling in potential than the physics which split the Drugs have become a part of our environment, atom. as have insecticides. We consume drugs to kill pain. to Dr. W. H. Thorpe of Cambridge University, an fall asleep. to stay awake and more and more young ethologist and one of the world's leading experts on people are taking drugs for new experiences. animal behavior, has been quoted as saying that Insecticides, a mainstay of modern agriculture. are recent biological developments "are as cpoch-making big. big business in the United States and elsewhere. for mankind as any that have preceded them. They Any drug could cause genetic damage: all rank at least as high, if not entering the stage should be tested. The tragic story of Thalidomide where the last sixty years' research on lowerhigher, in shows what can occur when a drug is released without importance than the discovery of fire. of agriculture, adequate testing. Caffeine is among those drugs which the development of printing and the discovery of the have been researched extensively (results were wheel. negative). and some research has suggested that ISD The world's largest center for research in might cause genetic damage. although later research mammatian genetics, The Jackson Laboratory, which repudiated these findings. New drugs. however, are Dr. Little forty years ago founded at Bar Harbor, puts introduced almost every day: the problem of Maine iA the forefront of all the excitement. adequate testing is very much with us. Food What. then. are these developments. and what additives, chemicals which presently spike almost makes Jackson Laboratory preparing this month for every kitchen product we buy. also pose a testing its forneth anniversary such an exciting place? problem. DDT, which threatens the American Bald Dr. Earl L. Green. the director of the Eagle with extinction by destroying its capacity to laboratory. recently answered that question. at least form egg shells, is suspected by some geneticists to in part. He listed what he called Mankind's Major cause genetic damage as well. Problems: Constitutional disease, deterioration of the Should genetic surgery become a reality. drugs environment, the effects of drugs and poisons, no doubt will be used to induce the desired changes aggression and over-population. in individual genes. Before such surgery becomes Each of these problems is biological," Dr. possible, much has to be learned regarding which Green pointed out. "Or at least cach has extremely genes control which traits, and in what way such important biological aspects. control is accomplished. Genetic surgery someday In the struggle against constitutional disease, could result in the production of individuals of super for instance, Jackson Laboratory scientists in the strength, genius mentality or any other desired early 1930's were the first to discover a cancer caused characteristics. Genetic surgery with drugs has been by a virus. In 1951. they were the first to isolate a attempted, but so far with negative results. mouse afflicted with muscular dystrophy, and, in "You can't disprove a positive with a sequence, 1965, a diabetic mouse. however long, of negatives, Dr. Green points out, Dr. Green, joining scientists everywhere, allowing for the future possibility of such surgery. predicts biology is entering the stage where the las: NOT TOO MANY years ago, it was fashionable sixty year's research on lower organisms can begin 10 to suppose man had out-grown most, if not all, the be applied to man. Speaking for the lab, he calls this instincts which govern species which lie lower on the development the "Second Front." Others call it the evolutionary pecking order. Logic, in man and man "biorevolution." alone, was supposed to have replaced the need for DR. EARL L. GREEN, directo "The ultimate prospect is that man will develop inbred patterns of behavior. Mankind's Major Problems the ability to eradicate most presently incurable In recent years, however, that outlook has been discases including cancer - as well as to control the modified sharply. Too much illogical behavior proved nation's water. If such is to happen. it will oc aging process, to prolong useful life, and to eliminate impossible to explain in terms of environment. More biologists who develop the drugs. undesirable hereditary traits from the world and more researchers have con cluded, sometimes One variable researchers agree almost always population while preserving, perpetuating and even reluctantly, that environment and heredity play will lead to aggression is over-crowding. Even when improving upon desirable ones," says a report issued complex and interrelated roles in determining what food is abundant, over-crowded populations will by the lab. man docs. resort to vioience to reduce their number. Even should disease strike, organ Man, it appears, is among those animals who Over-crowded rats, for instance, rove about in groups, transplantation could make death a far-removed must by instinct defend territory he considers his. His pursuing females indiscriminately and attacking prospect. Much of the basic research on tissue need to do this is enshrined somewhere in his genes. weaker males - behavior not unlike that of juvenile rejection - the paramount problem of organ Dealing with this humbling realization - if, indeed, gangs in large, over-crowded cities. Unless human transplantation - was donc at Jackson Laboratory by society decides it should be dcalt with - is a job for explosion is leveled off, strife and civil war is thought Dr. George Davis Snell. researchers in places like Jackson Laboratory. likely to become more rampant than ever. As medical science has learned to cope with The normal male, with two types of Many animals appear to have physiological many ancient infectious diseases, constitutional chromosomes, appears as an XY. Some Males, processes which, in crowded conditions, would limit diseases, those passed from generation to generation, however, appear as XYY's. These males, geneticists reproduction. A Jackson Laboratory scientist, Dr. are demanding more research attention. Many have discovered, have certain traits: They tend to be Wesley K. Whitten, found that a pregnant mouse scientists have suggested that noxious agents in our taller than average, have bad skin, be less intelligent aborts when subjected to utilie bdor of a strange environment may cause hereditary diseases. and prone 18 committing aggressive acts: Geneticists male. Our environment, of course, is undergoing might someday be able to help such individuals. In humans, however, it is apparent that alarming and rapid deterioration. Every poison we Just this month, Dr. Kenneth E. Moyer, a insufferable crowding occurs before natural leveling release into the water or air .has its ecologically physiolocical psychologist at Carnegie-Mellon happens. Artificial contraception appears necessary. damaging effect. Some of these poisons without a University at Pittsburgh, predicted that someday The Pill already has proven popular, but biologists are doubt are also genetically damaging although it will governments would add antihostility drugs to the Continued on Page 18 The Bar Harvar Times 55 No. 50 C. 1929 Thursday, June 969 The Bar Harbor Times, Thursday, June 19, 1969 Biorevolution Continuted from Page 1 interested in improving its performance. The Pill seems to cause undesirable side effects in some women; also it must be taken daily. An Annual Pill would be more convenient, as would a Pill which could be taken the morning after fertilization. A Pill for men is another area for biological research. One fact appears obvious: The present population growth of two percent per year cannot continue. Even should biologists succeed in synthesizing all food (a success no researcher at Jackson Laboratory is predicting). the surface of the earth lacks space to permit very many more generations to procreate with such abandon. There will be a drastic decline in the birth rate; or there will be a tumultuous increase in the death rate - by war, famine or plague. "The most pressing problem facing humanity is one of population regulation," said Dr. Franklin H. Bronson, a former Jackson Laboratory scientist. Like the antihostility pill, it has been suggested that the governments of over-populated countries might someday dispense antifertility tablets through public water systems. Biologists will handle the technical problems - up for grabs are the ethical problems. development, the Each benevolent a which, if misused. public health, development of we can understand disease-organisms to our we can produce strains to which could as sword biological As As be for used has could scientists of instance, development been the resistant weapons. aggressive bring biorevolution resistant true makes understand disaster. of carries all of weapons. If possible the scientific life, is enemies' Research double-cdged. corollary it the drugs, follows drugs and in more more intimately the processes almost inevitably they eventually will be able to control some of these processes. The ethical problems we face already with organ transplants are small compared to those we might encounter, for instance, when facing the possibility of creating genetic duplications (i.e. carbon copies) of any individuals we so desire, a theoretical possibility. Although very much aware of possible problems, Dr. Green responds with a firm "Neyer!" when asked if some biological knowledge might better be left unknown. "How many people in the past several centuries have been run over by wheels?" he asks. Dr. Green says he just can't imagine man turning his back to the challenge of new knowledge. He maintains that so long as the United States retains a democratic form of government, responsive to the will of its people, it need not fear the spectacular misuse of biological science. Most Americans. however, don't realize that the U.S. government already spends $650-million a year - four times that spent on cancer research - on chemical and biological warfare research. Nor docs Dr. Green's assurançe contend with developments which might take place in countries no way responsible to their people. The legitimate fears of concerned people notwithstanding. there is an optimistic philosophical cutlook one may take. The biorevolution just might change significantly man's outlook upon the world - from that of outside manipulator to that of participant. The physicist sees a world of objects subject to his control while he, himself, remains quite separate. Biological man, on the other 'nd, sees a world of growth from which he, as a growing organism, can never be detached. Perhaps when man must observe himself as a part of the process under study. he will achieve a harmony with nature he presently lacks. Perhaps he will learn to see nature not as an enemy which must be conquered, but as an extension of himself which he must understand before he can hope to understand himself. This is exciting; this makes Jackson Laboratory exciting. This deals with the survival of a most interesting animal species - of man. C. 1929 JLA, R61, B73,f.12 INCORPORATORS ROSCOE B. JACKSON MEMORIAL LABORATORY Mr. George B. Dorr Bar Harbor, Maine Mr. Luere B. Deasy, Bar Harbor, Maine Mr. David O. Rodick Bar Harbor, Maine Mr. William McC. Sawyer, 88 Fountain Street, Bangor, Maine Colonel F. H. Strickland, 136 Broadway, Bangor, Maine Dr. H. S. Boardman, University of Maine, Orono, Maine Mr. Harry E. Sutton, 161 Devonshire Street, Boston, Mass. Mr. Jo F.Gerrity, 161 Devonshire Street, Boston, Mass. Mr. Theodore W. Monroe, 50 Federal Street, Boston, Mass. Clarence C. Little, Bar Harbor, Maine Director William S. Murray, Bar Harbor, Maine Treasurer I went Si lof4 KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, That I, George B. Dorr of Bar Harbor, Hancock County, Maine, in consideration of one dollar and other valuable considerations paid by the Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory, a corporation organized and, existing under the laws of Maine and having an established place of business at said Bar Harbor, the receipt whereof I do hereby acknowledge, do hereby REMISE, RELEASE, BARGAIN, SELL AND CONVEY, and forever QUIT-CLAIM unto the said Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory, its successors and assigns forever, a cer- tain lot or parcel of land, situated in said Bar Harbor, and bounded and described as follows, to wit:- Beginning on the southern side of the Otter Creek Road at its in- tersection with the center line of a way leading to Acadia National Park Motor Camp Grounds; thence by said southern line of the Otter Creek Road by the following four courses and distances to wit: North fifty-three degrees forty-five minutes east one hundred forty-three and five tenths feet; thence north thirty-eight degrees thirty minutes east two hundred feet; thence north twenty-six degrees thirty minutes east one hundred eighty-three feet; thence north nineteen degrees thirty minutes east two hundred feet; thence leaving said Otter Creek Road and running south twenty-seven degrees thirty minutes east two hundred thirty feet to a stone bound set in the ground; thence south twenty-two degrees forty-five minutes west one hundred seventy-seven and five tenths feet to a nail in the root of a spruce tree; thence south thirty-seven degrees fifteen minutes west three hundred twelve and five tenths feet passing through a nail in the root of a pine tree to land of the United States of America; thence by said land of the United States of America by the next three courses and distances to wit: South eighteen degrees fifteen minutes west four hundred forty-five and five tenths feet; thence south seven degrees thirty minutes west seventy nine feet; thence south twenty- one degrees thirty minutes west one hundred sixteen feet to a piece of iron pipe driven in the ground in the center of an old road; thence on a regular curve eighty seven feet to the right, whose radius is one hundred forty-two feet, to a piece of iron pipe in the center of the old road; thence on the tangent of said curve north seventy-three degrees thirty minutes west sixteen feet to a piece of iron pipe in the center of the old road; thence north twenty-four degrees east one hundred ninety-eight feet to a nail in the root of a pine tree; thence north eighty-five de- grees thirty minutes west one hundred forty-five feet to the center of said road leading to said Motor Camp Ground; thence northerly following the center of said road four hundred sixty feet, more or less, to the point of beginning. Together also with the right to use the three inch water pipe con- neoting with the six inch main hereinafter referred to, to furnish water to said Laboratory, and the grantee by the acceptance of this deed here- by agrees to assume the duty of maintaining and renewing when required for full, efficient service said pipe as far as to the aforesaid Camp Ground Road, following the old roadway and sinking below frost, and of maintaining said connection during the period of its ownership of the property. The grantor reserves for himself, his heirs and a ssigns a right of way for all purposes of a way so far as the grantor has rights therein over the said road leading to the Motor Camp Ground from the southern boundary of said lot to the Otter Creek Road and the grantee herein hereby agrees to assume, in the place of said Dorr, his heirs or as- signs, the duty of maintaining its repair and surfacing so that it may be kept constantly in good condition, well surfaced and free from dust, so far as it extends opposite to or over its land. Excepting and reserving to the grantor, his heirs or assigns, and all others lawfully entitled thereto the following rights, privileges, ease- ments, and restrictions, to wit:- A right of way for pedestrians only over the old roadway, so called, extending from land of the United States of America on the east, to the center of said road leading to the Motor Camp Ground; and over the road hereinafter referred to as abandoned other than for pedestrians con- nineteen degrees thirty minutes east two hundred feet; thence leaving said Otter Creek Road and running south twenty-seven degrees thirty minutes east two hundred thirty feet to a stone bound set in the ground; thence south, twenty-two degrees forty-five minutes west one hundred seventy-seven and five tenths feet to a nail the root of a spruce tree; thence south thirty-seven degrees fifteen minutes west three hundred twelve and five tenths feet passing through a nail in the root of a pine tree to land of the United States of America; thence by said land of the United States of America by next three courses and distances to wit: South eighteen degrees fifteen minutes west four hundred forty-five and five tenths feet; thence south seven degrees thirty minutes west seventy nine feet; thence south twenty- one degrees thirty minutes west one hundred sixteen feet to a piece of iron pipe driven in the ground in the center of an old road; thence on a regular curve eighty seven feet to the right, whose radius is one hundred forty-two feet, to a piece of iron pipe in the center of the old road; thence on the tangent of said curve north seventy-three degrees thirty minutes west sixteen feet to a piece of iron pipe in the center of the old road; thence north twenty-four degrees east one hundred ninety-eight feet to a nail in the root of a pine tree; thence north eighty-five de- grees thirty minutes west one hundred forty-five feet to the center of said road leading to said Motor Camp Ground; thence northerly following the center of said road four hundred sixty feet, more or less, to the point of beginning. Together also with the right to use the three inch water pipe con- necting with the six inch main hereinafter referred to, to furnish water to said Laboratory, and the grantee by the acceptance of this deed here- by agrees to assume the duty of maintaining and renewing when required for full, efficient service said pipe as far as to the aforesaid Camp Ground Road, following the old roadway and sinking below frost, and of maintaining said connection during the period of its ownership of the property. The grantor reserves for himself, his heirs and a ssigns a right of way for all purposes of a way so far as the grantor has rights therein over the said road Veading to the Motor Camp Ground from the southern boundary of said lot to the Otter Creek Road and the grantee herein hereby agrees to assume, in the place of said Dorr, his heirs or as- signs, the duty of maintaining its repair and surfacing so that it may be kept constantly in good condition, well surfaced and free from dust, so far as it extends opposite to or over its land. Excepting and reserving to the grantor, his heirs or assigns, and all others lawfully entitled thereto the following rights, privileges, ease- ments, and restrictions, to wit:- A right of way for pedestrians only over the old roadway, so called, extending from land of the United States of America on the east, to the center of said road leading to the Motor Camp Ground; and over the road hereinafter referred to as abandoned other than for pedestrians con- structed by the grantor, branching from said early roadway and issuing on the public road at juncture of said Camp Ground Road and the County Road to Otter Creek. No buildings or other structures, unless in the nature of fencing or gate at its eastern and western entrances, shall be erected, nor any cause of disfigurement permitted within fifty feet on either side of the center line of said former roadway hereby dedicated to pedestrian use, but the space SO defined, one hundred feet in breadth crossing the lot, shall be left in its natural woodland state and forested as necessary by Wild Gardens of Acadia. And to the aforesaid road referred to as abandoned other than for pedestrians branching from this early roadway the same rights, privileges, easements and restrictions shall apply as applied to it, but only to the distance of two rods from center of said way. The right to lay and maintain on or beneath the surface of the ground a water supply pipe connecting with the six inch main extending from the Schooner Head Road across said above described land to said road leading to the Motor Camp Ground. BOOK 625 Page 141 3. The right to connect with said three inch main where it inter- sects said road leading to the Motor Camp Ground and to lay and main- tain therein pipes connecting therewith. The right to use, maintain, repair and renew the present pole line carrying electric and telephone wires, and any expense not properly charge- able to the light and telephone companies connected with the maintenance of this line where it crosses the property herein conveyed shall be borne by the grantee herein. No poles or wires shall be erected or maintained on or bordering the aforesaid road leading to the Motor Camp Ground and no building or other structure shall be erected nearer to this road than fifty (50) feet from its center unless in the nature of a fence for preserving the privacy of the tract which fence shall be erected in consultation with the Wild Gardens of Acadia with regard to preserving the beauty and attractiveness of the lot. The right is hereby reserved to construct and maintain a footpath parallel to said Camp Ground Road at a distance from it approximately midway between the house fronting on it formerly occupied by the University of Maine and the eastern border of said Campground Road and no fence shall be erected between it and said road, nor immediately bordering said footpath on the east. No building or other structure shall be placed on any portion of the land conveyed nearer than two rods to any public way or any boundary of the land conveyed except for the purpose of fencing and protection. Within the aforesaid distance of two rods from the border of any public way or the boundary of the tract conveyed privilege shall be given to the Wild Gardens of Acadia to enter and do what may be necessary to preserve the beauty of the tract as seen from the outside, unless the Laboratory shall undertake and per- form such work itself. It is understood and agreed that no use at any time shall be made of the ground, whether for laboratory or other purposes, that might cause annoyance beyond its bounds, and similarly that strict attention will be paid to the regular and prompt removal of all wastes, the entire property conveyed being so maintained as to retain at all times, whether to those occupying it or those who may visit it or who pass it by, its natural attractiveness and an orderly condition. Finally, as a measure of insurance alike for its buildings and for the woods bordering the old roadway to be used as a footway the Laboratory agrees and undertakes to maintain a standpipe and fire-hose, of adequate length for protection, in good condition and available at all times for use, on the southern side of said former roadway at the point where pipes lead off to supply the new research laboratory and the buildings formerly occupied by the University of Maine. No water supply from pipes connecting with the Water Company's main laid through and across grounds of said grantee shall be granted by it to people occupying lands beyond the grantee's bounds but the right to grant such connection shall remain with the present grantor, his heirs and assigns, shall retain authority to make such grants in his discretion. It is hoped and confidently expected that the Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory for which this deed provides the land may endure permanently, serving this or some similar beneficent and useful biologic purpose. Should, however, in the passage of years, the Laboratory now established cease to operate then the land with whatever buildings or equipment it may then con- tain shall be by said grantee, its successors or assigns, conveyed as freely as it now is given, to the Wild Gardens of Acadia, if they be in existence at that time; if not, then it shall be similarly conveyed to the State of Maine if it shall desire to accept it, to be employed by it for purposes of biologi- cal research, with the proviso that it shall not be sold or devoted to other use but may at any time if the State desired be transferred to ownership to the United States, without condition, for inclusion in the National Park, or if the State shall decline to accept it then it shall pass by deed, warranting against the Laboratory's acts impairing it, to the United States of America for inclusion in the National Park. It is understood and agreed that no use at any time shall be made of the ground, whether for laboratory or other purposes, that might cause annoyance beyond its bounds, and similarly that strict attention will be paid to the regular and prompt removal of all wastes, the entire property conveyed being x. so maintained as to retain at all times, whether to those occupying it or those who may visit it or who pass it by, its natural attractiveness and an orderly condition. Finally, as a measure of insurance alike for its buildings and for the woods bordering the old roadway to be used as a footway the Laboratory agrees and undertakes to maintain & standpipe and fire those, of adequate length for protection, in good condition and available at all times for use, on the southern side of said former roadway at the point where pipes lead off to supply the new research laboratory and the buildings formerly occupied by the University of Maine. No water supply from pipes connecting with the Water Company's main laid through and across grounds of said grantee shall be granted by it to people occupying lands beyond the grantee's bounds but the right to grant such connection shall remain with the present grantor, his heirs and assigns, who shall retain authority to make such grants in his discretion. It is hoped and confidently expected that the Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory for which this deed provides the land may endure permanently, serving this or some similar beneficent and useful biologic purpose. Should, however, in the passage 91 years, the Laboratory now established cease to operate then the land ith whatever buildings or equipment it may then con- tain shall be by said grantee, its successors or assigns, conveyed as freely as it now is given, to the Wild Gardens of Acadia, if they be in existence at that time; if not, then it shall be similarly conveyed to the State of Maine if it shall desire to accept it, to be employed by it for purposes of biologi- cal research, with the proviso that it shall not be sold or d evoted to other use but may at any time if the State desired be transferred to ownership to the United States, without condition, for inclusion in the National Park, or if the State shall decline to accept it then it shall pass by deed, warranting against the Laboratory's acts impairing it, to the United States of America for inclusion in the National Park. Without limiting in any way the free action of the grantee in its use of the above described property the wish is hereby expressed that such portion of the land conveyed as was formerly occupied by the University of Maine for study of the natural history of Mount Desert Island and its region shall, with the buildings thereon, continue to be used by the grantee for similar pur- poses so far as may be consistent with its special aim; and that the present buildings be maintained, repaired and made useful in such work till others shall replace them. And finally, the hope is expressed that the whole tract conveyed may be maintained and developed as a home and sanctuary for the attractive bird life of the region and for its more delicate and interesting woodland plants, uses singularly consonant, it is felt, to the memorial intention of the Laboratory and the setting it is desired to give it. TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the same, together with all the privileges and appur- tenances thereunto belonging, to it, the said Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory, its successors and assigns, forever. AND I DO COVENANT with the said Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory, its successors and assigns, that I will WARRANT AND FOREVER DEFEND the prem- ises to it, the said Grantee, its successors and assigns, against the lawful claims and demands of all persons claiming by, through or under me. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I, the said George B. Dorr, being unmarried, have hereunto set my hand and seal this sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty-nine. P.O. Box 1478 WOODLAWN Phone: 207/667-8671 Ellsworth, ME 04605 M S E u M Fax: 207/667-7950 The Black House "Woodlawn, including the land, buildings, furniture, and pictures therein shall be kept as a public park" -George Nixon Black, Jr. November 26, 2003 Dr. Ronald H. Epp 2500 North River Road Manchester, NH 03106-1045 Dear Ronald: On August 20th 1929, Woodlawn was opened to the public as a historic house museum, under the management of the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations. With its magnificent federal mansion situated on 180 acres, Woodlawn was immediately recognized as one of the nation's most important historic estates. An article in the August 24th, 1929 edition of the Boston Evening Transcript titled "Boston Loses, and Maine Gains," praised Woodlawn for its fine collection and lamented that it would not go to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. Mr. Richard Hale, a principle in the Boston law firm Hale and Dorr, and the first Chairman of the Museum's House Committee, led the early efforts to preserve Woodlawn and organize it as a public museum. He spearheaded an amazing effort by countless volunteers, over nearly 75 years, to care for Woodlawn. Hale's larger vision was for Woodlawn to become the center of education and research for the history of Downeast Maine, including the construction of a building able to store the significant archives and provide exhibition space. He understood that achieving goal meant a significant endowment to keep the estate in good repair and strong annual support from the region's population. However, various factors prevented Mr. Hale from fully achieving his vision for Woodlawn. In recent years Richard Hale's dream has been rekindled. Significant steps have been taken which make Woodlawn more responsive to community needs, help it celebrate the rich cultural heritage of our region, and to better preserve this unique community asset for future generations. Numerous events and educational programs were offered this past year. Also, The Board of Trustees has adopted a revitalized mission and vision statement that identifies 5 key strategic goals (enclosed with this letter for your review). This vision is our blueprint for the next 75 years of growth at Woodlawn. Woodlawn's recent success would not have been possible without you. Thank you for your support and for being a Member. Now we seek your continued help to preserve the heritage of our unique region and bring its history alive. The Board of Trustees is hopeful that a community that stands to gain SO much from Woodlawn's success will generously respond to this appeal for annual support. In addition to the income from our modest endowment and a growing earnings stream, the 2003 Annual Appeal must raise $35,000.00 to meet the operating expenses for our 75th Anniversary year. Please help us continue our success and carry on the work of Richard Hale and others who have lovingly cared for Woodlawn. Enclosed you will find a self-addressed envelope. I hope that you will chose to use it to help guarantee that the 75th year of Woodlawn will set the standard for its future. On behalf of the Board and Staff I thank you for your continued generosity and I look forward to meeting you at Woodlawn Museum during the coming year. Best Regards, State C.Shea Stephen C. Shea President A Property of the HANCOCK COUNTY TRUSTEES OF PUBLIC RESERVATIONS Stephen Shea- President ~ Douglas Endicott- Vice President Jeffrey Dow- Treasurer Karen Dickes Linda Grindle ~ Lisa Heyward ~ Malen Hsu ~ Jerry Kaufman ~ Natalie Knox John Lynch Emma Remick~ Jane Shea ~ Herbert T. Silsby, II ~ Teresa Sargent Smith ~ Lowell Thomas, Jr. Rick Will ~ Laurie Williams ~ Dale Worthen PRESIDENT DIRECTORS FLETCHER T. WOOD ROBERT ABBE MUSEUM OF STONE AGE FLETCHER T. WOOD CLARENCE c. LITTLE TREASURER ANTIQUITIES BENJAMIN L. HADLEY R. AMORY THORNDIKE WILLIAM J. SCHIEFFELIN ROSCOE c. E. BROWN CLERK BAR HARBOR, MAINE MRS. HERBERT BROWN WENDELL S. HADLOCK R. AMORY THORNDIKE CURATOR MRS. J. D. CAMERON-BRADLEY WENDELL S. HADLOCK HENRY G. WOOD Through the death on March 13, 1940 of Judge Luere B. Deasy the Robert Abbe Museum of Stone Age Antiquities lost one of its oldest and most faithful members, and Bar Harbor one of its most distinguished and useful citizens. Judge Deasy was an embodiment of the independent spirit and sturdy character of Eastern Maine. Born in Gouldsboro in 1859, he was educated at the Eastern State Normal School in Castine and studied law in Boston University. After practicing law in this commu- nity for many years and taking a leading place in its business and financial affairs, he was appointed to the highest court of the State in 1918 and served as an associate justice for eleven years until 1929 when he was named Chief Justice. After his retirement on reaching the con- stitutional age limit the following year, he resumed his active part in the life of Mount Desert. Judge Deasy was one of the original members of the Robert Abbe Museum of Stone Age Antiquities, which corporation was formed on October 11, 1926 under the name of the Lafayette National Park Museum of Stone Age Antiquities. From the beginning until his death he was a director and the treasurer of the Corporation and with great skill and foresight he carried on the financial affairs of the Museum during the business depression which has played such sad havoc with endowment funds. In 1929 he was chosen president of the Museum and continued in that office until he insisted on retiring in 1936. In token of their personal affection for their associate and of their high appreciation of his long service to the Museum, the members of the corporation at this their annual meeting direct that this memorandum be entered on their minutes, and that a copy of it be sent to the family of Judge Deasy. ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Vol. XXXI, Pp. 121-186 Editor, HERBERT F. SCHWARZ THE SCENERY OF MT. DESERT ISLAND: ITS ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT BY ERWIN J. RAISZ ACAPEM EVS CIENCES 1818 NEW YORK PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY September 18, 1929 26 Broadway New York October 2, 1929 Dear Mr. Simpson: Your letter of September 25th is received. When I come to Seal Harbor later this month, I would like to have you show me on Mr. Mulliken's plan exactly what differ- ence there would need to be made in the straightened road north of the Wildwood Farm Road in the event of the relocation of the present Jordan Pond road south of Mr. Candage's sandpit as against the substitution therefor of a new road along the Stanley Brook. Very truly, John I Mr. Paul D. Simpson, Seal Harbor, Maine. 930 Page 1 of 11 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RAY LYMAN WILBUR, SECRETARY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE HORACE M. ALBRIGHT, DIRECTOR @ CIRCULAR OF GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING ACADIA NATIONAL PARK MAINE VALLEY COVE ON SOMES SOUND FIORD OPEN ALL THE YEAR Summer Season June 15 to October 15 1930 2 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 3 a straight line distance of less than 200 miles-is simply an ocean- and not less valorously and courageously, pursue them and lead them to com- drawn contour line marked on its once bordering upland. pletion. have expressly committed them to your charge and do constitute you At the center of this coast, the most beautiful in eastern North by these presents. signed by our hand, our lieutenant general, to represent our Person in the lands and territory, the coasts and confines of Acudia. TO com- America, there stretches an archipelago of islands and island- mence at the fortieth degree of latitude and extend to the forty-sixth degree. sheltered waterways and Mikelike bays-a wonderful region-and at And We order you throughout this territory as widely as possible to establish its northern end, dominating the whole with its mountainous uplift, and make known our name and authority, subjecting to these and making lies Mount Desert Island, whereon the national park is located. obedient to them all the people dwelling therein. and by every lawful means to Ultimately it is intended that the park shall be extended to other call them to the knowledge of God and the light of the Christian faith and islands in this archipelago and points upon the coast, and become. religion. utilizing these landlocked ocean waters with their limitless recrea- De Monts, sailing in the spring of 1604, founded his first colony tional opportunities, no less a marine park than a land Park, exhibit- on an island in the tidal mouth of a river at the western entrance ing the beauty and the freedom of the sea. Without such contact with to the Bay of Fundy-" Baie Francoise" he named it, though the it and the joys of boating the National Park System would not be Portuguese name " Bahia Funda." Deep Bay, in the end prevailed- complete. which two centuries later, in memory of it, was selected to be the commencement of our national boundary. While he was at work on THE STORY OF MOUNT DESERT ISLAND this he sent Champlain in an open vessel with a dozen sailors to explore the western coast. A single. long day's sail with a favoring Mount Desert Island was discovered by Champlain in September, wind brought him at nightfall into Frenchmans Bay, beneath the 1604, 16 years and over before the coming of the Pilgrim Fathers to shadow of the Mount Desert Mountains, and his first landfall within Cape Cod. He had come out the previous spring with the Sieur de our national bounds was made upon Mount Desert Island in the Monts, a Huguenot gentleman, a soldier and the governor of a township of Bar Harbor. Huguenot city of refuge in southwestern France, to whom Henry few years later the island again appears as the site of the first IV-" le grand i"-had intrusted, the December previous, estab- French missionary colony established in America, whose speedy lishment of the French dominion in America. De Monts's commis- wrecking by an armed vessel from Virginia was the first act of overt sion, couched in the redundant, stately language of the period. is warfare in the long struggle between France and England for the still extant, and its opening words are worth recording, so intimate control of North America. and close is the relation of the enterprise to New England history: In 1688, seventy-odd years later. private ownership began. the Henry, by the grace of God, King of France and of Navarre. to our dear and island being given as a feudal fief by Louis XIV to the Sieur de la well-beloved friend the Sieur de Monts, gentleman in ordinary to our chamber. Mothe Cadillac-later the founder of Detroit and Governor of Lou- greeting: As our greatest care and labor is and has ever been since our coning to this throne to maintain it and preserve it in its ancient greatness, dignity, isiana, who is recorded as then dwelling with his wife upon its and splendor, and to widen and extend its bounds as much as may legitimately eastern shore and who still signed himself in his later documents, in be done. We having long had knowledge of the lands and territory called ancient feudal fashion. Seigneur des Monts deserts, Acadia, and being moved above all by a single-minded purpose and firm resolu- In 1713, Louis XIV, defeated on the battle fields of Europe, tion We have taken. with the aid and assistance of God, Author, Distributor, ceded Acadia-save only Cape Breton-to England, and Mount and Protector of all States and Kingdoms, to convert and instruct the people who inhabit this region. at present barbarous, without faith or religion or be- Desert Island, unclaimed by Cadillae, became the property of the lief in God, and to lead them into Christianity and the knowledge and profes- English Crown. Warfare followed till the capture of Quebec in sion of our faith and religion. Having also long recognized from the accounts 1759, when settlement from the New England coasts began. To of captains of vessels, pilots, traders, and others who have frequented these the Province of Massachusetts was granted that portion of Acadia lands, how fruitful and advantageous to us, our States and subjects might be the which now forms part of Maine, extending to the Penobscot River occupation and possession of them for the great and evident profit which might be drawn therefrom, We, in full confidence in your prudence and the knowledge and including Mount Desert Island. which it shortly thereafter and experience you have gained of the situation, character, and conditions of gave "for distinguished services" to Sir Francis Bernard, its last the aforesaid country of Acadia from the voyages and sojourns you have pre- English governor before the breaking of the revolutionary storm. viously made in it and neighboring regions, and being assured that our plan Title to it was later confirmed to him by a grant from George III. and resolution being committed to your care you will diligently and attentively, 4 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 5 In September, 1762, Gov. Bernard sailed from Fort William in settlers. It is from these two grants made by the Commonwealth Boston Harbor with a considerable retinue. to view his new pos- of Massachusetts to the granddaughter of Cadillae and the son of session and kept a journal that may still be seen. He anchored Bernard, each holding originally by a royal grant, that the Govern- in the "great harbor of Mount Desert," just off the present town ment's present title to its park lands springs. History is written of Southwest Harbor, which he laid out with his surveyors; he into its deeds. explored the island, noting its fine timber, its water power for During the first half of the nineteenth century Mount Desert Island sawmills, its good harbors, its abundance of wild meadow grass still remained remote and inaccessible, except to coasting vessels, but "high as a man," and of wild "-beach peas, perhaps-for fishing hamlets gradually sprang up along its shore. the giant pines fodder, and its wealth of fish in the sea. He had himself rowed whose slowly rotting stumps one comes upon to-day among the lesser up Somes Sound, a glacial fiord which deeply penetrates the island, trees were cut and shipped away, town government was established, cutting its mountain range in two. This he called the river, as in roads of a rough sort were built, and the island connected with the that region other inlets of the sea are called to-day, following the mainland by a bridge and causeway. Then came steam, and all took custom of the early French. And he visited Somes, one of the on a different aspect. The Boston & Bangor Steamship Line was earliest settlers from the Massachusetts shore, then building his established : a local steamer connected Southwest Harbor with it log cabin at the sound's head, where Somesville is to-day, and walked through Eggemoggin Reach and Penobscot Bay, a sail of remarkable across to see a beaver's dam near by, at whose 'artificialness' he beauty; and summer life at Mount Desert began. The first account wondered. of it we have is contained in a delightful journal kept during a Then came the Revolution. Bernard's stately mansion on the shore month's stay at Somesville in 1855 by Mr. Charles Tracy, of New of Jamaica Pond and his far-off island on the coast of Maine both York, the father of Mrs. J. Pierpont Morgan, sr., who came with him were confiscated, he taking the king's side and sailing away from as a girl. and which is still preserved. The party was large-26 Boston Harbor while the bells were rung in jubilation. And Mount in all-and filled Somes Tavern full to overflowing. In it, besides Desert Island, once the property of the Crown of France, once Mr. Tracy and his family, were the Rev. Dr. Stone, of Brookline, that of England, and twice granted privately, became again the Mass, with his family: Frederick Church, the artist, and his sister; property of Massachusetts. But after the war was over and Ber- and Theodore Winthrop, killed afterward in the Civil War, who nard had died in England, his son. John Bernard. petitioned to have wrote John Brent, with its once famous description of a horse. They his father's ownership of the island restored to him. claiming to have climbed the mountains. tramped through the woods, lost themselves been loyal himself to the colony, and a one-half undivided interest at night-half a dozen of them-and slept by a camp fire in the wild; in it was given him. Then, shortly after, came the granddaughter drove over to Bar Harbor. then on to Schooner Head, where they of Cadillae-Marie de Cadillac, as she signed herself-and her hus- slept at the old farmhouse. climbing the then nameless "mountain band, French refugees of the period. bringing letters from Lafayette, with the cliff" that shadowed it at sundown, and drinking by the and petitioned in turn the General Court of Massachusetts to grant pitcherful such milk as New York could not supply: and then, like them her grandfather's possession of the island-asking it not as of Hans Breitman, in climax to their stay they gave a party, importing legal right but on a ground of sentiment, the gratitude of the colo- by the boat to Southwest Harbor the first piano the island had ever nies to France for assistance given in their War of Independence. seen and inviting to it the islanders and fisherfolk from far and And the General Court. honoring their claim, gave them the other near. It was a great success. They danced, they sang songs, they undivided half. Then it sent surveyors down and divided the played games, and had a lobster salad such as only millionaires can island, giving the western portion, including the town of South- have to-day, keeping up their gayety until 2 o'clock in the morning. west Harbor his father had laid out, to John Bernard, who promptly when their last guests-two girls from Bar Harbor who had driven sold it and went out to England and died governor of one of the themselves over for it-hitched up their horse and left for home in West Indies, being also knighted; and the eastern half, where spite of remonstrance and the offer of a bed. Such was the beginning Cadillac once had lived and where Bar Harbor, Seal, and Northeast of Mount Desert social life. Harbors are to-day, to Marie de Cadillac and her husband-M. and Ten years later, when the Civil War had swept over like a storm, Mme. de Gregoire-who came to Hulls Cove, on Frenchmans Bay, summer life began in earnest at Bar Harbor, compelled by the sheer and lived and died there, selling, piece by piece, their lands to beauty of the spot. No steamer came to it till 1868: then, for another 6 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 7 season, only once a week. No train came nearer than Bangor. 50 and overlap, and land climate meets sea climate, each tempering miles away, with a rough road between. But still it grew by leaps the other. It lies directly in the coast migration route of birds and bounds, overflowing the native cottages and fishermen's huts, and exhibits at its fullest the Acadian forest. made famous by sleeping in tents, feeding on fish and doughnuts and the abundant Evangeline, and the northernmost extension of that great Appa- lobster. The native cottages expanded and became hotels. simple, lachian forest which at the landing of De Monts stretched without bare, and rough, but always full. The life was gay and free and a break from the St. Lawrence to the Gulf and is the oldest, by wholly out of doors-boating, climbing, pienicking. buckboarding, the record of the rocks, and richest in existing species of any min- and sitting on the rocks with book or friend. All was open to gled hardwood and coniferous forest in the Temperate Zone. And wander over or pienie on: the summer visitor possessed the island. it possesses, also, a rich biologie field in the neighboring ocean. the Then lands were bought, summer homes were made, and life of a parent habitat of life. Deeper waters apart, the sea beach and new kind began. tidal pools alone form an infinite source of interest and study, while It was from the impulse of that early summer life that the move- the ocean climate, like the land one, is profoundly different from ment for public reservations and the national park arose, springing that to the southward, off the Cape Cod shore. from memory of its pleasantness and the desire to preserve in largest To take advantage of this opportunity an association has been measure possible the beauty and freedom of the island for the peo- formed, incorporated under the name of the Wild Gardens of Acadia, ple's need in years to come. The park, as a park, is still in its be- to cooperate with the Government in the development of the educa- ginning. It has now spread out beyond its island bounds and crossed tional and scientific features of the park and its environment. By the bay to include the noble headland and long surf-swept point of means of it a marine biological laboratory has been established on Schoodie on the mainland shore. And Congress in giving the right the shore, material has been gathered for a book upon the wild flowers to make the new extension changed its name from Lafayette to of the park and wild gardens for their exhibition started, and ento- Acadia National Park, to tell of its region's early history and mological collections, and studies in the bird life and geology of the romance. Its lands have been throughout a gift to the Nation, region have been made. The park itself is a living natural history coming from many sources, and much personal association is linked, museum, a geological and historic area lending itself remarkably to closely and inseparably, with its formation. It is still growing, and the nature guide and lecture service which is rapidly becoming so with the contiguous, landlocked ocean waters, beautiful as lakes valuable a feature in our national parks. and nationally owned like it, to extend out onto, there is no limit to Botanically Acadia National Park forms an exceedingly inter- the number to whom it may give rest and pleasure in the future, com- testing area. Champlain's term "deserts" in description of the ing from our crowded eastern cities, from which it is accessible by mountains meant. in accordance with the original significance of land or water, rail or motor car. the word, wild and solitary '; not "devoid of vegetation." Vege- tation. on the contrary. grows upon the island with exceptional A WILD-LIFE SANCTUARY vigor, and in wide range of form. The native forest must-before One important aspect of our national parks and montments is it was invaded by the axe-have been superb. and superb it will that they-unlike the forests, devised to follow economic lines-are again become under the Government's protection. Wild flowers are absolute sanctuaries. islands of shelter for the native life in all abundant in their season. among them a number of species of con- but noxious forms. Like the monasteries in the Middle Ages that spicuous beauty. because of their loveliness in danger of extermina- sheltered-all too fragmentarily-the literature and learning of tion until the national park was formed and its lands became a the classic period, they are a means of incalculable value for pre- sanetuary. The rocks, frost split and lichen-clad, with granite serving in this destructive time the wealth of forms and species sands between. are of a character that makes the mountain tops, we have inherited from the past and have a duty to hand on un- with their bearberries and blueberries and broad ocean outlook. diminished to the future, SO far as that be possible. wild rock gardens of inspiring beauty. while both mountain tops In this aspect of a wild-life sanctuary, plant and animal, Acadia and woods are made accessible by over a hundred miles of trails National Park is remarkable. Land and sea, woodland, lake, built by successive generations of nature-loving summer visitors. and mountain all are represented in it in wonderful concentra- In addition to ocean. rocks, and mountain heights, to woods and tion. In it, too, the northern and temperate zone floras meet wild flowers, and to trails trodden by the feet of generations, S9321'-30--2 8 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 9 Acadia National Park has a rich possession in an inexhaustible The Bar Harbor Information Bureau immediately adjoins it upon spring source of pure, delicious water rising-cool and constant- Main Street, and is prepared to furnish visitors with all information from beneath the mountain at the entrance from Bar Harbor, and concerning train service and boat service. motor routes, fares, hotels made, with its free gift of water to the passing public, a memorial and boarding houses, objects of interest, trails, and excursions, or to to the Sieur de Monts, the founder of Acadia. answer correspondence. Maps of Mount Desert Island, issued by the United States Geological Survey. and literature relating to the ROADS park and to the history and natural history of its region may be obtained from the office or the information bureau. A road of great beauty through the lake district of the park, con- necting Bar Harbor with the resorts upon the southern shore, Seal The superintendent of the park is George B. Dorr, to whom all and Northeast Harbors, has been opened to travel. Rising from this, correspondence relating to the park should be addressed. another road upon which work has lately been commenced is planned HOW TO REACH THE PARK to reach the summit of Cadillac Mountain, the highest point in the park range or on our eastern coast, replacing an early buckboard road Acadia National Park may be reached by antomobile, by railroad, now washed away. Roads giving entrance to the park upon the or by steamship. northern or Bar Harbor side, with parking space for those who wish Railroad service from June to mid-September is excellent. to use the mountain trails, are under construction, as is also a system Through trains leave Washington, Philadelphia, and New York of roads for use with horses which, when complete, will open other daily, arriving at noon the next day. Returning. the Bar Harbor and wide sections of the park to a use that will recall the past, Express leaves Bar Harbor at 2 p. m. daily, arriving at New York preserving what the motor road has lost. the next morning. Through sleeping-car service is maintained daily throughout the summer season between Boston and Bar Harbor, MOTOR TRAVEL and daily except Sunday throughout the rest of the year. No place in the East offers an objective point of greater interest The Eastern Steamship Lines from Boston maintain daily service for motor travel than Acadia National Park and its surrounding to Bar Harbor. leaving Boston late in the afternoon and arriving at Bar Harbor the following noon. This water trip is one of the coast resorts, which provide accommodations for its visitors. In most delightful ways of reaching the park. addition to the park roads, there is an excellent system of State and town roads encircling and traversing Mount Desert Island which By motor the park is accessible from all eastern points over good reaches every point of interest. These roads have a combined length State highways. The island is connected with the mainland by a of over 200 miles, and exhibit a combination of seashore and inland steel and concrete drawbridge at the terminus of the Lafayette Highway, which connects Bangor on the Atlantic Highway with scenery not found elsewhere on the eastern coast. Bar Harbor and the park. It is also possible for the motorist to For those who do not have their own automobiles, well arranged drive to Rockland, at the entrance to Penobscot Bay, and go by boat. motor-bus trips may be taken from Bar Harbor through the park and with car aboard, to Bar Harbor or Northeast or Southwest Harbor. about the island. These trips are made twice daily with well-timed The park is 187 miles from Portland. Me.. by highway, 303 miles stops at the principal points of interest. Public-hire automobiles, from Boston. and about 600 miles from New York. with or without drivers, are also available for small parties at estab- lished moderate rates. MOTOR CAMPING INFORMATION A public camp ground is maintained in the park for motorists The office of Acadia National Park is situated at Bar Harbor, bringing their own camping outfits. The ground is equipped with Me., on the corner of Main Street and Park Road, opposite the running water. modern sanitary conveniences. outdoor fireplaces, Athletic Field. It is open daily except Sundays from 9 o'clock a. m. electric lights, and places to wash clothes, It is under the close to 5 o'clock p. m. during the summer season. from June 15 to supervision of the park authorities. and safety and freedom from October 15: at other seasons until 4 o'clock. annoyance is assured. No charge is made for the camping privilege. 10 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 11 CARRIAGE ROADS AND BRIDLE PATHS FISHING Connected with the town road system and leading into and through Acadia National Park combines the opportunity for excellent fish- the park is an excellent system of roads for use with horses, some ing in fresh waters, of lake and stream. with that for deep-sea and 30 miles in extent. Stables at Bar Harbor, Jordan Pond, and North- coastal fishing in waters identical in life and character with those of least Harbor furnish horses, saddle and driving, for trips over these the famous banks which lie offshore from it, across the Gulf of roads. Buckboards, Bar Harbor's own contribution to the horse- Maine. Power boats, sail boats, canoes, and camping outfits can all drawn vehicle class, leave the Malvern Hotel in Bar Harbor and the be rented, with competent guides. Jordan Pond House at two o'clock daily for trips over the park's Visiting fishermen in the State of Maine are required to obtain a carriage roads. nonresident State fishing license which costs $3.15. TRAILS AND FOOTPATHS MUSEUMS Acadia is primarily a trail park and contains within its bound- During the past year a museum was built on land conveyed to it aries at the present time some 200 miles of trails and footpaths, adjoining the Sieur de Monts Spring entrance to the park, and reaching every mountain summit and traversing every valley. The dedicated to public use. It contains relies of the stone-age period system is so designed that the inclination of every type of walker of Indian culture in this region, books and maps. An archeologist is is met. Broad lowland paths offer delightfully easy walks: winding in charge during the summer season to explain the relies. The trails of easy grade to the mountain summits are provided for those museum and its equipment, together with a substantial maintenance who like a moderately strenuous climb; and rough mountainside endowment, were provided through the generosity of the late Dr. trails give opportunity for hardy exercise to those who enjoy real Robert Abbe, of Bar Harbor and New York, and friends inspired by hiking. It is only by means of these trails and paths that the park his interest and rare enthusiasm. can be really seen and appreciated, and the system is SO laid out Open freely to park visitors also is a most interesting museum at that there is no danger of becoming lost. Islesford, on Little Cranberry Island, a brief and sheltered boat trip GUIDES from Northeast or Southwest Harbor, which houses a unique collec- tion of prints and documents relating to the settlement and early While no guides are necessary on any park trips, free guides may history of the region made by Prof. William Otis Sawtelle to whose be obtained at the Bar Harbor information office, adjoining the park vision and interest and long, untiring work the whole is due. office, to accompany parties, either riding or hiking, over the island. MOTOR AND BOAT TRIPS From the park as center a wide variety of interesting motor trips, [G.6.DORR?] along the coast as far as to the Maritime Provinces and inland to Moosehead Lake and Mount Katahdin, can readily be made. and excellent cars for the purpose can be hired by visitors not coming in their own. From it also delightful trips by water can be made over island-sheltered reaches of the sea, extending from Frenchmans Bay to Penobscot Bay and River along the most beautiful section of our Atlantic coast. Interesting boat trips from Bar Harbor along the shores of French- mans Bay are conducted twice daily. The boats are safe and com- fortable and are in charge of competent captains who point out and explain all features of interest. From the water the park mountains are seen at their best, as are the estates of the island summer residents. Seal Harbor, aine, January 7. 1930 Dear Mr. Rockefeller:- In our further studies for the final location of that portion of the Aunt Betty's Pond road lying between Gilmore Headow and its junction with the Test side of Eagle Lake road we find that certain difficulties of alignment, grade, and construction in+ volved in building on the location which for picturesqeness and beauty we wished to have, can be lessened considerably by leaving the valley earlier - but making the junction at practically the same place The line up the valley, crossing the brook a number of times, is more picturesque and passes through a better growth than the lower line. But the valley is narrow and quite steep and cramps the location some. what - maining necessary about 800 feet of 7% grade - whereas on the lower line we can keep below 5+ or 57 grade and save about 700 feet in distance. These conditions are shown on the sketch which I am encle ing. The lower line passes through a fairly good growth - but the tre are smaller and somewhat less interesting than on the upper line. A good view of Sargent Mountain is obtained on both lines. The construc tion on the lower line would be quite a bit simpler on account of drainage, as the line along the brook encounters a number of springs which might be hard to take care of. As the road may be used largely- for returning perhaps the saving in distance and the easier grade of the lower road may offset the greater beauty of the upper one. If you can form an opinion from your memory and my description of the situa- tion with the enclosed sketch will you please let me know as early as convenient - by wire If possible - 80 there may be no danger of delay ing the crew which is cho ping out the line. In connection with the clearing work it occurs to me that the wincer season would be the best time for cutting and clearing the flowage on Gilmore Meadow - if we make the lake there which we have talked about. In this case it would be necessary to determine the water elevation and run the flowage line. I suppose however that there will be time to do the cutting next winter - although we should fix the elevation of the water surface of the proposed lake this year as it will affect the grade lines for construction across the foot of the mandow and alone the east side. Except for the delay in the pre- paration of the working drawings the decision in regard to this can W be left until your next visit. Clearing work on the Bar Harbor section has been suspende It is possible that conditions later in the winter may make it ad- visable to resume this work and complete the clearing on the whole line. If for any reason you prefer to look over on the ground the piece of road considered in this letter we can leave the small amount of clearing to be done until the early spring. Very truly yours, Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., [G.B. Dorr] 26 Broadway , New York, N. Y. TIONAL ARCHIVES, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Park Service FOR RELEASE, August 9, 1944. Newton B. Drury, Director of the National Park Service, paid tribute today angin to George B. Derr, Superintendent of Acadia National Park, who has just died in his ninety-first year after nearly half a century of public-spirited work leading first to the creation of Acadia National Park and later to its administration and development for public use. 1950 So widespread was the recognition of Mr. Dorr's service, Director Drury stated, that Congress by special annual legislative enactment, beginning in 1930, continued him as superintendent of the park up to the time of his death, some twenty years after the usual Federal retirement age. During this period, primarily through Mr. Dorr's efforts, the area of the park was enlarged from approximately 10,700 acres to 27,870 acres, the greater part of the increase being donations of lands from private individuals. The original area in 1916 was 5,000 acres. Mr. Dorr's association with the park area began early in life, when he vaca- tioned at Old Farm, the Dorr summer estate at Bar Harbor. He and a few other public-spirited summer residents of the region around the turn of the century envisioned the creation of a public park there, that part of the scenic and historic area might be available for the enjoyment of the public, rather than included in a few large estates, such as that of his own family. Associated with him in the move to bring about "g public reservation* were such men as the late Charles W. Eliot, President Emeritus of Harvard University; Bishop William Lawrence of Massachusetts; Dr. S. Weir Mitchell of Philadelphia, Pa.; and several prominent New Yorkers. They established the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations to forward the project, Dr. Eliot serving as president of the association and Mr. Dorr acting as secretary. Eventually, as a result of their efforts, and largely through Mr. Berr's per sonal activities, the Sieur de Monts National Momment was established in 1916, as part of the National Park System now administered by the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior, and Mr. Derr became its first and only super- intendent, with a salary fixed at $12 a year - which was not increased for more than ten years. In 1919 Congress designated the area the Lafayette National Park, and in 1929 changed the name to Acadia. IFS rach 2 8/9/44. 7/10/2021 Region III Quarterly (1939) STEPHEN TYNG MATHER 1867-1930. First Director of the National Park Service. "There will never come an end to the good that he has done." >> http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/region_iii_quarterly/voll-2b.htn Date: 17-Nov-2005 https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/region_111/vol1-2b.htm 3/3 7/10/2021 Region III Quarterly (1939) REGION III QUARTERLY Intro Author Subject Volume Volume/Title NPS Volume 1 - No. 2 October, 1939 STEPHEN T. MATHER [7/4/1867-1/22/1930] The world looks to the United States for leadership in practical procedure for the establishment, maintenance, and operation of national park areas. Stephen T. Mather made it SO. He envisioned, in 1917, when he became the first Director of the National Park Service, that these were areas that must forever be kept in their natural state SO that our own enjoyment of them could be shared by future generations. It was because he had the courage to fight for his convictions, often in the face of organized opposition from influential commercial and political interests, that our national parks and monuments remain today the unspoiled places he insisted they must always be. He sought to promote cooperation but, when occasion demanded, he vigorously asserted the independence that typified his birth date -- July 4. To an extraordinary degree, Mr. Mather's was an unselfish public service. This included personal contributions toward the purchase of lands that were desired for inclusion within boundaries of some of the national parks. It also included, for a time, his payment of salaries to persons outside the Government service -- persons he had employed to assist in the work he was carrying on. His previous successes in private busineses undertakings had enabled him to do this. Mr. Mather had exceptional ability as an organizer. His enthusiasm for park ideals was infectious and he was able to interest many outstanding individuals and organizations in promoting conservation activities. His far- sightedness encompassed planning for the comfort and enjoyment of the millions of people he foresaw would annually visit the national parks. This same policy has been carried out by the succeeding two Directors of the National Park Service, Horace M. Albright, and the present Director, Arno B. Canmerer. His zealousness for the public weal eventually impaired his health and he was obliged to retire at the close of 1928. He died on January 22, 1930, at the age of 62. https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/region_111/vol1-2b.htn 1/3 7/10/2021 Region III Quarterly (1939) SYC. Representative Louis C. Crampton of Michigan, who, as Chairman of the House Sub-committee on Interior Department Appropriations, had championed the National Park Service in Congress for ten years, sunmed up Mr. Mather's life work in an eulogy in the House of Representatives as follows: "He laid the foundations for the National Park Service, defining and establishing the policies under which its areas shall be developed and conserved unimpaired for future generations. There will never come an end to the good that he has done." More recently, in dedicating a plaque to Mr. Mather in Hawaii National Park, Associate Director A. E. Demaray, who had been associated with Mr. Mather from the very beginning of the National Park Service, said: "Much has been said and much has been written about Mr. Mather since his departure from this earth ten years ago. He has been often eulogized for the good he has done, but words, spoken today and not long remembered, can never do justice to his pioneering efforts, the fruits of which are only more evident with the passing of the years." https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/region_111/vol1-2b.htm 2/3 7/10/2021 MatherPlaques-AHistory They cover the gamut of National Parks, Monuments, a Sea Shore, Parkways, Memorials, a Preserve, a Battlefield, Recreation Areas, Historical Parks, Historic Sites, three administrative offices, a couple of State Parks, a city park, and two schools. They are in 16 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves. They are in 11 World Heritage Sites. They are a bit of history; they are a present reminder; they are a challenge for our future. Visiting them is a journey. They are America at her best. STEPHEN TYNG MATHER Stephen Tyng Mather (4 July 1867-22 January 1930) was born in California of modest longstanding New England roots. He worked to become a self-made millionaire through the promotion and mining of borax. (Twenty Mule Team Borax was his marketing invention.) Mather was a California outdoor enthusiast, member of the Sierra Club, friend of John Muir, and a sometime mountain climber (Whitney and Rainier among others). His activism, prominence, and organizational abilities led to his appointment as an Undersecretary in the Department of Interior 21 January 1915. After the National Park Service was founded in 1916, he was appointed its first Director in 1917. Horace Albright (a lawyer by trade) became his legal assistant, confidant, colleague and ultimately, his successor. Mather worked tirelessly to create a respected governmental agency and a park system unlike any in the world. An accomplished businessman who was generous to a fault, he seems to have had a charismatic ability to colloquy with politicians, hobnob with his wealthy and influential peers, and consistently he presented a down to earth set of ideals and principles to which many Americans could readily relate and Stephen Tyng Mather support. Taking this vision of "National Parks," he brought its reality home to America. Indeed, this was "transparency" before the term was fashionable. With a contentious congress and president, Mather crossed party lines with complete abandon to acquire three new National Parks in 1916 alone. Mather's administration had a knack for recruiting remarkably competent superintendents for our National Parks, a number of whom served for long periods of time giving the young Park Service a period of stability and consistency important in its early development. With 59 Park Units under his wing, Mather retired in early 1929 after suffering a disabling stroke and he died a year later in 1930, age 62. Now with more than 400 National Park Units over the globe having a broad range of interpretive activities, investigative projects, and educational services, the legacy of Stephen Mather in the 21st century is simply astounding. ORIGINS OF THE MATHER MEMORIAL PLAQUE The Mather Memorial Plaque celebrates this uniquely American legacy. From more than 40 submitted ideas, the memorial tablet was commissioned and funded by the private Stephen T. Mather Appreciation--a group of friends, associates, colleagues, and admirers of Mather from across the Nation. Bryant Baker, a world class sculptor, was chosen as the memorial's artist and he was paid $1,000 for the arts and crafts design. Although Mather and Albright were both opposed to monuments of any sort in National Parks, Albright would not oppose this committee's efforts. True, Mather himself knuckled under to the Sierra Club for their plaque at John Muir's "Hang Nest" cabin site in Yosemite Valley. True, Mather went along with the Powell Memorial on the South Rim. But Inpshistory.com/publications/mather-plaques/index.htm 2/73 7/10/2021 Mather Plaques - A History National Park Service History eLibrary Mather Plaques - A History MATHER PLAQUES - A HISTORY G. Arthur Janssen August 25, 2016 w/January 25, 2019 and March 25, 2020 revisions STEPHEN TYNG MATHER 1930 RELAID THE FOUNDATION OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE DEFINING AND ESTABLISHING THE POLICIES UNDER WHICH ITS AREAS SHALL BE DEVELOPED AND CONSERVED UNIVEAURED FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS. THERE WOOLD NEVER COME AN END TO THE GOOD THAT HE HAS DONE INTRODUCTION When it comes to Mather Plaques- They are spread out from Alaska to the Virgin Islands, Maine to Hawaii. Inpshistory.com/publications/mather-plaques/index.htm 1/73 26 Broadway New York February 21, 1930 Dear Mr. Simpson: Your letter of February 9th with the accompanying maps I have read with interest. My feeling is that having gone almost to Little Hunters Beach on the coast, it would seem too bad to turn inland on Route A. Route B presents to a less degree this objection except that you say it affords very little sea view. If Route B can be so altered as to give satisfactory and adequate sea views before turning inland, it would seem the desirable route. Failing in that, Route C would seem the only worth while route, but this you say would involve much expense in construction and considerable defacement of the cliffs. Is the latter unavoid- able? These routes I shall be glad to study with you on the ground when I come to Maine in May. In the meantime, please proceed with the study of possible horse roads on the various sides of Day Mountain in line with the suggestions I made you in an earlier let- ter. As to the extension of the motor road to Frenchman's Bay in the area north of the Eagle Lake Road, I #more your preference for a route on the east side of Great Pond Hill. Is it now pos- sible to have the bridge crossing Duck Brook near Eden Street on a much lower level as you now plan or does the Cary Lee house site location mean practically the level you have adopted? The S turn which your map shows in the road coming up from Eden Street looks sharp and difficult for motors. Can this in any way be agoid- ed by taking a lower route? In the event we should not wish at this time to have the motor road paralleling Eden Street join Eden Street at Mr. Morris' place, could some pleasant turn be made in the woods at Corkscrew Hill, thus availing as fully as possible of the scenery and woodland there found and not necessitating two en- trances from Eden Street. Please give these various questions consideration at your convenience and write me. Thank you for the photographs of the Jordan Pond House and the Eagle Lake tea house site as well as of the two lodge house locations. Very truly, Mr. Paul Simpson, John D. Seal Harbor, Maine. DISDE spese March 19th, 1930. Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., 26 Broadway, New York City Dear Mr. Rockefeller: F.L Classical. I have just spent eleven active and interesting days at Mount Desert with Mr. Miller, and have left instructions at my Brookline office to forward to you two memoranda as to what I did. I enclose herewith two other memoranda. Alcures q-18 visit. In relation to the Otter Creek Cove matter, Mr. Dorr showed me the correspondence between you and him about the Biological Station land, and I want to offer a suggestion for dealing with it which seems to me much more promising than either youroriginal suggestion or Mr. Dorr's counter suggestion of the Park's offering a site at Schoodic Head in exchange for it. I discussed my suggestion with Mr. Dorr who seemed to think well of it. It is based on a proposal made by Mr. Cammerer for dealing with the lands of the Wild Gardens of Acadia, namely that a special act be obtained from Congress based on the act of the Massachusetts Legislature which authorized and resulted in the gift of the Arnold Arboretum land by Harvard University to the City of Boston and its lease back to Harvard in perpetuity for Arboretum purposes subject to the right of the public to enter and enjoy the Arboretum as a park under reasonable regulations and the right and duty of the city to construct and maintain roads and paths and police the property. Under such an act, if properly drawn, not only would the lands of the Wild Gardens of Acadia become part of the National Park subject to the right of the Wild Gardens of Acadia to carry on certain defined activities thereon so far as its funds may permit, but also the Biological Station could make a similar transfer to the Park subject to a continuing right to establish a laboratory, aquarium etc. thereon if and when it has the funds available for the same, the Park Service relieving the Station of the general burden of maintaining and policing the grounds for public use and building and maintaining any paths, roads, etc. Page 2 of 2 Radio transfer other land for park purposes (subject to life lense or other conditions satisfactory to you) the logic of such a transfer of title from the Biological Station to the Park and the advantages to the Biological Station of such a transfer with 2 the accompanying retention of properly defined rights to carry on the activities for which the land was given (if as and when it can do so) are so obvious that it is almost inconceivable that the Ogdens would not consent to the transfer on request Orders from the Biological Station; whereas a proposition for the complete abandonment of the purpose for which the land was given by Mr. Ogden or even the substitution of a wholly different piece of land and the sale of the land he gave might easily find his heirs very cold. Moreover, if there is any danger whatsoever, as I gather may perhaps be the case, of 8 lurking hostility to your larger road project on the part of the Ogden heirs, it would be much more expedient that the matter of the transfer of the title to the Biological Station land to the Park should come up in connection with a similar transfer of the title to the land of the Wild Gardens of Acadia than that it should be made a special case which would focuss attention on Park plans for the Otter Creek Area in particular. Sincerely yours, (Signed) Frederick Law Olmsted FLO/GBV 1900 Seal Harbor, Maine, April 16, 1930. Dear Mr. Rockefeller:- I have not written you further in regard to the progress of the reconnoissance surveys of the extensions at bothgendas of the proposed new motor road and of the possible horse road development in the Day Mountain and Seal Harbor areas, thinking we could best study the various survey lines on the ground during your coming visit to Seal Harbor. I am making a thorough study of conditions so you may be able to consider all the possibilities when you come. With reference to the location of the proposed motor road in the vivinity of the Carey Lea and Henderson properties shown on the map which I sent you, I think you will agree when you have examined the topographic features, the views etc. ,on the ground, that we could not we. cross Duck Brook at a lower elevation than I have shown. While the con- nection with Eden Street at Mrs. Henderson's place is rather difficult I do not think the short connecting read is impossible - considered as an entrance to the type of road considered. In the two curves shown on the map the lower radius is 100 feet and the upper 115 feet. Both radii could be increased if the results would warrant the additional cost and the necessarily greater cut in the hillside at the lower curve. If it is not desired at this time to have an entrance at Mr. Morris' place on Eden Street with slight changes we can make a pleasant turn around the top of Corkscrew Hill, re-entering the road at a point between the top of the hill and the entrance road from Mrs. Henderson's. In any event this branch road around the top of the hill might be a worth while featu With reference to Mrs. Sturges' land - I do not think it would be wise to let her have a strip 100 feet wide along the back or her lot for the full width of the lot, although I can see no reason why you shou: not let her have a piece in the vicinity of her buildings where she is probably anxious to have more room. Our proposed road comes quite close 1 her upper or western side line - and we need some of her land to protect the road. Perhaps you can swap a piece of land along the southern or bacl end of her lot where she needs more room and where we do not need the la for a piece along the western or upper side line - which is much above al at considerable distance from her buildings. I am enclosing a sketch shot this condition. 174 We alsomneed a piece off the back of the lot adjoining Lrr. Sturi land w which belongs to Mr. Stotesbury. We should also have some of the Crocker lot, a little farther along. While we might be able to get along without these pieces of land it would be very desirable to have them in order to protect the road. However, you will understand the situation better when you have studied it on the ground. I will have all the various lines ready for you to study during your visit next month. Very truly yours, and [G.B.Dorr] pg.lof5 WORTHWHILE PLACES. 1924 - 1933 Ed. Ernst. ,N.Y:-Fordham U.P., 1991. Yesterday, the President approved estimates for funds to virgin timber will now be for all time preserved for the enjoyment cover the Government's half of the Yosemite timber purchase of the public. I am constantly impressed by your own patience, and later in the afternoon I appeared before the Senate foresight and breadth of vision in matters of this kind. My Committee on Appropriations to explain the estimates. The congratulations on what you have accomplished. membership of the Committee was well represented by Senators I am sorry not to be in Maine when you and Mr. Cammerer from all sections of the country and they were deeply interested are there the end of this week, for I know you will greatly in the story of the acquisition of these great timber holdings. enjoy seeing Acadia National Park. I only regret that so limited Several of them expressed their personal appreciation of what a time is available for your visit. you did in making possible the perpetuation of these outstanding forest tracts, and there is no question but that the estimates Very cordially, as finally considered today will have the unanimous approval JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR. of the Committee, and that the item will be carried in the Interior Department Appropriation bill which has already passed the House of Representatives. With all good wishes, I am June 10, 1930. Sincerely yours, HORACE M. ALBRIGHT Dear Mr. Rockefeller: Mr. Cammerer and I returned to Washington Sunday from In 1929, Rockefeller agreed to provide one-half of the funds our visit to Acadia National Park. I thought I would be able needed to buy about 15,000 acres of yellow and sugar pine to write you at once my impressions of the park, but one thing lands fronting on Yosemite Park in California, to save them or another has prevented my getting around to my dictation from lumbering. Congress appropriated the other half of the until today. 1st Visit Dight needed funds. Rockefeller gave $1,645,955.77 in 1930. As you know, I had never been in Acadia National Park, and, for that matter, even in the State of Maine, until this trip. Mr. Dorr met Mr. Cammerer and me at Bangor and drove pict us over to Mt. Desert Island, so we got a very good idea of the land approach to the park. April 29, 1930. During the afternoon of the first day we were there, we covered the new road which was built east of Eagle Lake and Jordan Pond, visited your own beautiful home and other places Dear Mr. Albright: about Seal Harbor, then returned via the radio station, to the Homans house and the ocean drive. This is just to thank you for your most considerate letter The following day, Thursday, we covered all of your of April 5th in regard to the part I have had in the purchase carriage roads except in the Amphitheatre district, and we also of the Yosemite timber lands. I am delighted that this long visited Somes Sound, and, in a motor boat, went out to and difficult negotiation has at length been brought to a Northeast Harbor and back to Mt. Desert or Somesville. In satisfactory conclusion and that these thousands of acres of the afternoon, with Mr. Olmsted, we tramped over the route 100 101 WORTHWHILE PLACES 1924 - 1933 of the new roads in the vicinity of the great meadow and on program that means everything to the park and to the National up past The Tarn. We then went around The Beehive and Park Service. We shall cooperate in every feasible way. Already climbed to its summit in order to get a comprehensive view we have discussed the radio station problem with Congressman of the route of the road from The Tarn around to the ocean Cramton who in turn has taken it up with Mr. Britten of Illinois, and then around the whole shore to Otter Point. We were on who is head of the Naval Affairs Committee and with Mr. Burton the preliminary line of the road coming up and going down L. French of Idaho, Chairman of the subcommittee of the House the lower parts of The Beehive. Later we went nearly out to Appropriations Committee handling the appropriations of the Navy Otter Point along the line for the new road that is being Department. We are all agreed that the expenses in connection considered there. with moving the radio station should be met by the Government The following day, Friday, and this was the last day we as a logical Government park activity as well as a measure of were there, we took a boat to Schoodic Head and made a study appreciation of what you are doing in and for the park. I feel of the proposed location of the radio station on Big Moose also that we should undertake any road construction that is deemed Island. We went clear around the shore of the island and then necessary on the Schoodic Peninsula. I have asked Mr. Dorr to back to the boat arriving at Bar Harbor for luncheon. That send us his program for roads in that section of the park. afternoon, we tramped the line of the new road all around I did not start out to write you as long a letter as this and Otter Point, and gave further consideration to the possibility I hope you will pardon my going into things at so much length. of moving the radio station to another point not far from where Again thanking you for your kindness to us in New York, it is now located but back in the timber. Before making this I am last trip we went to the Amphitheatre and covered the roads in that neighborhood. Sincerely, yours, You can appreciate the fact that we were very busy all HORACE M. ALBRIGHT the time that we were in or near the park. I was tremendously impressed with the beauty of the island and particularly of the park. I had never seen such shore lines as one can observe on Mt. Desert Island, Schoodic Head, and the other islands In 1930, Rockefeller was planning to extend the carriage and in the mouth of Frenchman's Bay. The forests and lakes were motor road systems in Acadia. very lovely. The work that you have done is particularly interesting to me. I like the roads, both motor and carriage, Frederick L. Olmsted. Landscape architect. Son of Frederick that you have constructed and naturally I was deeply impressed L. Olmsted who designed Central Park in New York City as with the roadside cleanup work and the bridges and culverts well as many other outstanding parks. The younger Olmsted that have been built in connection with the roads. I had to headed up a firm operating out of Boston. see your magnificent accomplishments, in order to visualize correctly all that Mr. Cammerer and Mr. Dorr had told me The radio station stood on land which was needed to permit about your program during the past few years. I can best the proposed shore road, or Ocean Drive, to hug the coast emphasize my love of the park by telling you that already I along Otter Cliffs, a particularly scenic section of the proposed am making tentative plans to spend a month there next year, drive. beginning about August first. As to your own plans for the future, I went over them Louis Cramton. Congressman from Illinois. A strong friend quite thoroughly with Mr. Olmsted. I feel that you have a of the Park Service. 102 103 WORTHWHILE PLACES 1924 - 1933 June 12, 1930 been thus considered. How does this method of procedure strike you? I am sending a copy of this letter to Mr. Cammerer. Private and Confidential Very truly, Dear Mr. Albright: JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR. Since our conference in my office the other day about Acadia National Park mattters, it has occurred to me that the Rockefeller's plans for a motor road circling the eastern section following steps should be taken as soon as they conveniently of the park along the coast had evolved from his earlier stand can: against motor cars in the Park. In 1923 he wrote: 1. My deeding to the Government the lands on Otter Creek Point and ocean front as agreed. I am waiting only for the I think you can feel quite comfortable necessary map to accompany such a letter of gift. about the automobile problem, so far as my 2. Preparation of a map showing the proposed motor property and the Lafayette National Park are road. concerned. I cannot imagine a day ever coming 3. Map showing the proposed horse road on the Bar Harbor when I should be willing to admit motors over side. our own roads, and the Park authorities, both 4. Map showing the Amphitheatre Road. local and in Washington, are thoroughly 5. It occurred to me that these proposed roads could all committed and on record as permanently then be shown on the new pathmap which is coming out this opposed to the admission of automobiles into summer and which shows all existing horse roads and motor the Park, except on the one or two roads to roads on the Island; that if it was your pleasure this map could be built especially for automobiles, namely the be published showing the roads, horse and motor, which the one to the top of Green Mountain and the other Park had approved and was prepared to build as the necessary running from the Green Mountain Road to lands and money were made available. Bubble Pond and finally out to the south side 6. That I might write you a letter, offering to build the of the island. motor road, and, for the present, make no mention of an offer to build the two horse roads in the Bar Harbor section or the Green Mountain is now Cadillac Mountain. Amphitheatre road. The effect of this procedure would be that the park's The carriage roads he wished to build in 1930 were short sanction of these several roads would be publicly indicated, extensions of the over 48 miles of such roads he had built between the public on Mount Desert Island would thus be given notice 1915 and 1930. of what the Government proposed ultimately to do, any criticisms could be made, and all without my having appeared Private motor cars were slow gaining entrance into the national as the donor of the roads other than the motor road. Then parks. There were no cars in Mount Rainier until 1908; General whenever it seemed wise, either late this summer or another Grant until 1910; Crater Lake, 1911; Glacier, Yosemite and year, I could make my offer to build any of the horse roads Sequoia, 1913; Mesa Verde, 1914; and Yellowstone, 1915. as I desired, and the offer would not need to be considered by the public, for the road project itself would already have 104 105 WORTHWHILE PLACES 1924 - 1933 June 16, 1930. I am SO convinced of the value of these roads to the park, based on my own and Mr. Cammerer's recent inspection and PRIVATE AND such professional advices as I have been able to contact, that CONFIDENTIAL: I would today recommend approval of their construction to the Secretary were it not for the policy of publication prescribed Dear Mr. Rockefeller: by Secretary Work, and which I think you and I agree it is wise for Secretary Wilbur to follow from the standpoint of Mr. Cammerer and I have been discussing your letter of both the park and yourself. June 12th, which just arrived, and, responding to your invitation, I am wondering, however, whether upon reflection you have the following suggestions to lay before you: might not agree that it would be wiser, in view of the past The sequence of matters as discussed and agreed upon history of things, that you adhere to your first plan of in your office and covered in points 1 to 4 is as we understand combining the offer to build the motor road with one to them. The formal deeding by you of the lands on Otter Point build the amphitheatre road, or in fact make the offer at and the ocean front is understood of course to depend upon one time to construct the motor road, the amphitheatre road, the successful prosecution of the plan for the removal of the and the Bar Harbor horse road. Being on park land, the radio station from its present location, either to Schoodic Point last two roads would necessarily be park road projects even or some other location satisfactory to you and us, and either though your participation would inevitably be assumed entirely or one-half at Government expense, to provide room locally. And once the approval of the Secretary to this for the new motor road you plan to build there. I have already program, after due publication, had been secured, then to committed myself unreservedly to the removal of the station begin the construction of the amphitheatre road coincidently to Schoodic Point as being soundly in the interest of the park with the work on the motor road SO that you may be assured itself in case the motor road is built, and later Congressional that, should the present Secretary suddenly step out of office, cooperation to effect that removal, preferably entirely at Federal some future Secretary might not defer construction of the expense, appears assured at this writing. former for reasons of local pressure which have been Under 5 as I understand it you suggest that the three road recognized in the past. I am as keen as you are that nothing projects covered in points 2 and 4 inclusive should be shown should interfere with your public-spirited plans, and am not as proposed road projects on the new pathway map coming inclined to take a chance on any of our arrangements going out this summer, thereby complying with the policy of publishing wrong later on. You will remember that the road plan such projects before Secretarial approval is secured by me, and recommended by Mr. Cammerer in 1922 and approved by you not appearing as donor of any of them except the new Acting Secretary Finney was later suspended in part until motor road, the proposed horse road on the Bar Harbor side offers of funds were definitely in hand. and the amphitheatre road to appear as park road projects. To reiterate, I believe it would be more advantageous That, after that map has been published and thereby the publicity for you to make the offer of the construction of the several given all these road projects and any criticism drawn forth for roads contemplated, and begin construction coincidently of the Secretary's consideration, they could upon the Secretary's the amphitheatre road and the motor road as soon as subsequent approval be taken as definitely approved future road Secretarial approval has been secured. Don't you agree? projects, depending solely upon the availability of funds for I have one further suggestion and that is that you have the construction, but you, under your number 6 offering funds Mr. Olmsted prepare a report on your Mt. Desert program for the immediate construction of the motor road only. and have him embody in that not only his observations and 106 107 WORTHWHILE PLACES 1924 - 1933 comments on the program itself but also on any other phases roughly shown by the section with a pencil cross and a number of the development of the park that he feels ought to be "5". I have wired the engineers to add this tract to the map treated in such a report. immediately and will send you a copy thereof as soon as I expect to leave Washington for Denver on the afternoon it is received. Please, therefore, destroy the map enclosed of next Saturday, the 21st, and will be in Rocky Mountain herewith when the corrected one is received. Park until about the 29th, after which I will go to Salt Lake In your letter of June 16th, covering the various matters City and Zion National Park. Mr. Cammerer will spend the referred to in my letter of June 12th, you refer to my purpose summer in Washington and can be reached here at any time. to deed to the National Government these four (now five) tracts, as follows: "This action to depend upon the successful Sincerely yours, prosecution of the plan for the removal of the Radio Station HORACE M. ALBRIGHT from its present location to either Schoodic Point or some other location satisfactory to you and us and either entirely or one-half at Government expense, to provide room for the Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary of the Interior, 1929 to 1933. new motor road you plan to build there." I had not quite understood the situation as you outline it. I had assumed it would be necessary for the Government to own this land as a part of Acadia National Park in order to be in a position to deal with the Navy Department, and I was prepared to June 19, 1930. deed the land to the Government, irrespective of whether the Radio Station was moved or not. This was my plan. Do Private and Confidential you think it unwise? Is it not, on the other hand, rather the wisest course? Would it not be unfortunate for me to be in Dear Mr. Albright: the position of making conditions to the Government, and would it not bring me into the picture of the trade between I am enclosing herewith a map showing the four tracts the Navy Department and the Department of the Interior, of land on the Ocean Drive and extending down to the as I would not be brought in were I to deed the properties southern part of Otter Creek Point which I have talked with above mentioned without condition forthwith? you about deeding forthwith to the Government. Tract 1 is Please give me the benefit of your further thought on this the Derby property which I own, on the west and north sides matter at your early convenience. I shall be in my office for of the Bar Harbor highway. Tract 2 is the Roberts property three days only before leaving for the West; those days will which I own, on the west and north sides of the Bar Harbor be this coming Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. We leave highway. Tract 3 is the Leffingwell property which I own, that night for the West, and if possible, I should write the letter on the west and north sides of the Bar Harbor highway. Tract offering these properties before I go. 4 is the Bingham property which I own, on the west and If you are away when this letter is received, perhaps Mr. north sides of the Bar Harbor highway. Cammerer, to whom I am sending a copy of the letter for his As soon as I looked at this map, which I have just had information, will reply on your behalf. prepared for your information, I realized that I should add at this time the property which I own on the western half Very truly, of Otter Creek Point south of the Radio Station, which is JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR. 108 109 1930 VIS Seal Hactor VILLAGE IMPROVEMENT SOCIETY 29 28 SEAL HARBOR THE ACADIA NATIONAL PARK Miss Elizabeth E. Wellington 10.00 Miss Helen G. Wise 5.00 Miss Emma Whitmore 15.00 The Acadia National Park includes 12,000 Miss Eleanor Zwissler 1.00 acres of mountains, woods and lakes on Mount Desert Island and 2,000 acres including the $2,364.00 interesting headland known as Schoodic Point on the main land adjacent. Office, Corner Park Road and Main Street Bar Harbor, Maine Superintendent George B. Dorr Assistant to the Superintendent A. H. Lynam Chief Ranger Benjamin L. Hadley Chief Clerk Carl G. Nowack Clerk Typist Grace M. Oakes Publications: "Rules and Regulations," in- cluding a brief history and description of the Park, Free. Map of the United States Geological Survey Lafayette National Park sheet with geological description compiled from the Shaler and other accounts, 10 cents. The Acadian Forest, by George B. Dorr, 25 cents. The Park is interlaced with many miles of wood and mountain trails. These are de- veloped and maintained through the Path 30 SEAL HARBOR VILLAGE IMPROVEMENT SOCIETY 31 Committees of the four Village Improvement the landscape from the mountains has been Societies of Bar Harbor, Seal Harbor, North- created by them, and another on the outlet from east Harbor and Southwest Harbor. Aunt Betty's Pond. These colonies form in- teresting features of the Island's native and The motor road commenced in the fall of original life. Those which have wandered 1922 leading from Great Pond Hill, on the Bar elsewhere are being trapped by the park rangers Harbor Road to Somesville, to the Jordan by a method devised by the United States Pond House is completed. Work is proceeding Biological Survey which does not injure them on the road leading from this to the summit of and are being shipped away to points where Green or Cadillac Mountain and is open to the beaver are desired. public as far as to a striking point of view over- looking Bar Harbor and Frenchmans Bay. Additional publications of interest: Trail maps of the Eastern Part of Mt. Desert The lakes within and bordering the Park Island. have been extensively stocked with fish sup- Trail map of Mt. Desert Island revised plied by the State Fish and Game Commis- edition 1930. sion, a large number of fingerling salmon and Road map of Mt. Desert Island including trout being planted annually. bridle paths and carriage roads. Revised Deer have steadily increased in number in edition 1930. the Park, as have Ruffed Grouse and other Monograph of the Geology of Mt. Desert, birds, taking advantage of the sanctuary illustrated: F. Bascomb given them. The beavers presented to the History of Mt. Desert: by Dr. George Street. Park by the State Fish and Game Commission The Flora of Mt. Desert: by Edward Rand. in 1921 and 1922 have increased to an extent Wild Flowers of Mount Desert Island: by where control measures have become necessary Dr. Wherry. to prevent their spread. There is now a well Vegetation of Mount Desert Island, Maine, established colony at New Mill Meadow on and Its Environment: by Barrington Moore Duck Brook, where a lake which is a feature in and Norman Taylor. 26 Broadway New York June 20, 1930. Dear Mr. Simpson: In cooperation with Mr. Miller's engineers, will you please prepare a map, at your convenience, which will combine the horse and motor roads shown in the three separate maps which you recently sent me, that is, the proposed motor road from the north end of the present motor road to its termination on the Otter Creek-Seal Harbor highway at the bridge crossing Hunter's Brook, the two horseroads from the northeast end of Eagle Lake to Morrell Park and the Amphitheatre horse- road. In preparing this map, please leave out all lines and legends referring to the Reservations, on the assumption that before this map HCTPR is made public, all of the Reservations property referred to therein will have become Government property through the carrying out of the vote toward that end passed by the Trustees of Public Reservations some time since. Very truly, John I Mr. Paul D. Simpson, Seal Harbor, Maine. 20 Broadway New York June 20, 1930 Dear Mr. Simpson: In the matter of the bridge on the Aunt Betty's Pond road, I am writing simply to say that it is always well to take up questions like this with me as long as possible before a decision is actually needed. I have never understood that any bridges were needed on this road. That question you and I could have considered together at Seal Harbor when I was there this spring. I do not want to make a hurried decision, and if a bridge is to be designed that takes time. I mention the matter simply to be sure that should a similar instance arise, I will be notified in ample time. I am glad to learn from your telegram just received that the matter can be allowed to lie over until I come to Maine in early August. Very truly, ohn Rockifiller Mr. Paul D. Simpson, Seal Harbor, Maine. COPY Seal Harbor, Maine, June 21, 1930. Dear Mr. Rockefeller:- Referring to your letter of June 12th I am enclosing two separate tracings, one showing the proposed exchange of land with Miss Sturges, the other the portion of Mr. Stotesbury's garage lot which we need. I see no reason why you should not take up both these matters at your convenience. I will let you know what we find out dn regard to land values in this vicinity. With reference to the crossing of Giant Glide Brook on the Aunt Betty's Pond road - ns stated in my night letter, the matter can be left without the least inconvenience until you come to Maine later in the summer. Mr. Joy was thinking he would have to build the bridge before he could cross with the steam shovel - but after looking the ground over carefully with him and Mr. Falston we found the crossing with the shovel could be made very easily - as the brook is wide and the banks are comparatively low at this point. Both Messrs. Kalston a Joy agreed with me that the question of a structure here could be lef for decision later. Very truly yours, [P.Simpson] Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., 26 Brondway, New York, N. Y. Page (of 4 luin Kobel am ohh ACADIA NATIONAL PARK been occunted Mount Desert Island, Maine Report of Visit August 14, 1930. by L. H. Zach OTTER CLIFF ROAD Spent the first part of the morning with Mr. Hill and Mr. Ralston. Mr. Hill has a very small gang working mainly because they are slowed up so terribly by the ledge cut from station 4 + 50 to 5 + 50. It is comparatively soft stuff that breaks up badly with the dynamite. They are getting prac- tically no wall stone out of this cut for use in the big fill from station 6 to 7. This wall stone will have to be brought in from outside quarries. The fill is not a third done across the little valley at this point and it is of course impossible to get tractors or trucks across to get at the necessary big cut. More of the subgrade shows up to a nice finish. I again went into detail with Ralston and Hill, voicing the same feeling I had on my last trin that they are doing more heavy construction work than is necessary by putting a store foundation in with full 22 foot width; but they return their same arguments and agree between them that this .is their most economical way of working. We chose a section of 30 or 40 feet between stations 1 + 50 and 2 for Ralston to try out a sample to show side graded slopes, wells around trees in fill, parapet, 2 foot berm in turf, etc., for review at the time of my next visit or by Mr. Olmsted on his first visit this fall. Decided to hand lay some rock at the base of the side graded slope on the west side of the road from its take-off at Ocean Drive to about station 2 + 50 in order to keep the surface water from tearing out the base of the swale formed at the point where our side slope meets existing slope. Since Mr. Rockefeller has not yet arrived on the Island and Ralston dares not use the mountain trail from Ocean Drive near the Naval station into the point near station 32 on the new road, they really are held up; they will not use a larger crowd until they have Mr. Rockefeller's permission to go ahead with the other end of the road. LHZ M Acadia National Park -2. 8/14/30. WILD GARDENS OF ACADIA Although I had wired Mr. Dorr on Tuesday that I expected to visit on Thursday and hoped that he might make arrangements for a conference for me with Ledyard Stebbins or Professor Johnson, I found upon meeting him at 11:00 'clock that he had thus far done nothing about it. After considerable tele- phoning we discovered that both Stebbins and Professor Johnson are not on the Island, the former abroad and the latter away and likely to come back only for a few days in the fall before his return to Johns Hopkins. Mr. Dorr then called Dr. Little, who was also not on the Island, but whose secretary gave us the information that the only botanists this summer are two or three young students who could be of but little service to us. Mr. Dorr then took me to Salisbury Cove where he hoped that some of the biologists might know of someone else on the Island who could give some information about the Great Meadow. Dr. Neal and Dr. Bumpus, both appar- ently leading lights at the Biological Station here, seemed exceptionally interested and an interesting but not particularly valuable discussion resulted from our visit there. The two professors and another (former director) name forgotten, all stated that plant biolo- gists had been sadly in the minority this summer and they were afraid I would not get much information. I was finally directed to the New Eng and Botanical Society where Mr. Fernald they thought might be of help and where Mr. Stebbins is now at work on a new Rhodora. With Williamson and Hill spent most of the afternoon in and around the Great Meadow, stopping first at the weir. The knife edge top which had been suggested as a good thing to add to the top of the log turns out to be a piece of 2 by 6 plank nailed to the face of the log adding considerably more height to the whole dam (it is not a weir of course) than was intended. Roughly the water level has been raised about 1.9 feet instead of the one foot originally intended for this summer. I had Williamson take me to the different gauges and was distressed to find that two of them had been located in the bed of the Tarn Brook which has been dry for sometime, two more of them in the Spring Brook where flowing water from the spring is naturally continuous (50 gallons a minute at the spring) and readings on these gauges valueless so far. Acadia National Park -3. 8/14/30. I had thought that at the time Mr. Olmsted and Mr. Miller were together on this matter that it was under- stood that the gauges were for the purpose of discovering the rise in the water table as a result of the backing up from the stop plank weir (now a dam). As far as I could see the three weeks of measurements thus far taken are not worth much and I took Williamson to six different points where I thought gauges should be established, most of them being in places where the peat has been excavated to a depth sufficient to show up the present water table; the hope is of course that all of the raising of the water table which may be expected from the dam has not taken place in the three weeks (plus) since the dam was put in place. The whole meadow is excessively dry on the surface and there is no difficulty walking anywhere. I found occasional plants of the Rhodora with leaves definitely curled up and more or less limp, not unlike the effect to be seen on any Rhodos during a serious drought such as we are having these days. The Labrador-tea seems in satisfactory condition and the Spiraea in bloom now is flourishing. Although I have not made enough trials DC be absolutely certain, I am quite sure the long grass areas are also the areas under which the heavy blue clay occurs and I believe we could draw onto the plan which I intend to make from the airplane photographs a line which would fairly accurately define the change from clay to peat. It is amusing, and instructive to see that the Spiraea is practically completely confined to the east side of the main brook through the middle of the meadow, while the Labrador-tea and Rhodora occur mainly between the brook and the rim of the woods that bound the Great Meadow on the west. I had with me the enlargement to a scale of 300 feet to the inch of the first Great Meadow airplane photographs which had come out at the scale of approxi- mately 820 feet to the inch instead of 1000 feet to the inch as ordered and took some notes on the existing vege- tation particularly with reference to the interlopers on a plan I had made by tracing some of the foliage off the airplane photograph. The larger scale photographs which were not taken until & week ago, August 7, have not arrived. I learned from Phillips, Pilot, and Newhall, photographer, during a brief visit at the field in Rockland at the time of my last Camden visit that these larger scale Acadia National Park -4. 8/14/30. photographs were taken at 4800 feet. This will give a scale of 400 feet to the inch which will be enlarged in the New York Office to 300 feet. I expect these photo- graphs to give much better details in the outline of different kinds of vegetations. As Mr. Dorr had asked to accompany me on my studies in the Great Meadow, I went with him at 5:00 o'clock and with Dr. Bumpus who is very interested, but spent only a little time in the meadow as Mr. Dorr thought it was much more to the point for me to see the meadow from Dry Mountain. We therefore climbed the moun- tain getting successively better views of course until we reached the overlook about half way up. I found that from this height with the aid of field glasses it will be easily possible to pick out the different kinds of vege- tation to be spotted onto the plan made over the 300 scale photographs if such a detail plan is considered necessary. (I here make note, although I know not whether it is any of our business, that I was amazed and surprised at Mr. Dorr's activities since the visit I made prior to my trip to Bermuda. The work that he has done in the Great Meadow may be all to the good, namely the cleaning out and shaping up of the now dry channel which takes the overflow from the Tarn. The considerable quantities of good peat which his men are removing in the process of widening this channel he is storing on his own property north of the Harden Farm Road for what purpose I know not I had thought that the Great Meadow had changed hands by now and it had become Rockefeller property which if true would make it somewhat questionable if Mr. Dorr ought to be doing anything in this area now. His other main activities have been in the area between the open lawn at the Sieur de Mont and the gravel pit in the Tarn. In this area he has developed a great number of paths which are to give access to the different parts of the future "Delano Wild Gardens". The whole valley in which the Tarn Brook sits is cut up with these paths which for the number under construction seem to be wide enough for two way roads. Mr. Dorr says, however that they will eventually narrow down and be kept only wide enough to allow for a light truck for maintenance purposes. The road material for these paths, as far as Hill and William- son and I could discover was all coming from the gravel pit at the Tarn, which will mean all the more work for somebody else later in filling back a gravel pit to the grade shown on our last grading plan. I understand from Williamson that Mr. Dorr does not like our plan for over- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ACADIA ATION LP/RK August 18, 1930. Mr. A.M.Lynnm, Bar Harbor, Maine. Dear r. ynam: To put on record with you as our intermediary init and while fresh in mind my understanding of the trans- action just completed between Mr. Rockefeller and myself, I write what follows: I underst nd Mr. Rockefeller to have offered, voluntarily, to pledge himself if I desired, to use, should he acquire them, the Sieur de onts Spring and Great Meadow properties for a national park develonment and carrying out the project, of which he told me last summer as a "pi e dream", for a magnificent extension of the Park moo--road system; and that he would ret in these pro erties if be E.C uired them no longer than might prove necessary to a good develop- ment, when he would transfer them to the Unites States. I told you that I would ask no pledge from him other than this statement, made thr ugh you, nor that he set, us you further told me that he offered, a time limit to his personal rete: tion of these properties, for I desired that he should hold them till he had completed his develon- ment whether that were a longer or a shorter period. This underst ndin I rehearse and put in writing because it entered largel. into my final decision to part with the Spring property; in which I had taken so long so personal an interest and which I ad not thought to part with unless by my own gift. Yours sincerely, ( GBD-0 (sgd) George B. Dorr EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HERMON CAREY BUMPUS. CHAIRMAN LOUISE DEKOVEN BOWEN HERBERT V. NEAL THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY SALISBURY COVE. MAINE August 20, 1930 Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Seal Harbor, Maine Dear Mr. Rockefeller: I have recently returned from Mt. Desert where the problems of a few years ago seem to be solving themselves. Dr. Little is happy. The work at the Jackson Laboratory is being carried on by a strong staff and the students of outdoor natural history are apparently all that he desires. At Salisbury Cove the workers have broadened their field of investigation to include serious work in oceanography. They form a congenial colony and several summer cottages - either finished or in process of completion bespeak their appreciation of, and faith in, the institution. It is perhaps natural that my interest in the educational program of the national parks should lead to my pondering over possible ways in which the Laboratory and Acadia might be mutually helpful. Since you have been so sympathetic with the one, and have taken so much personal interest in the other, I may be justified in making the suggestion that it is a little difficult for me to dismiss from my mind. Aside from its outstanding beauty, and its geological interest, Acadia is unique among the national parks in that its surrounding waters are teaming with marine life. In our educational program and in the construction of trailside museums, we have attempted to capitalize the interest that is taken in the characteristic features of the locality. Through its marine aquarium the Zoological Station at Naples gives instruction to thousands. Skill in collecting the fauna and flora of the Mediteranian and efficiency in exhibiting the collected material are dependent upon and incidental to the work of a scientific staff located upon the second floor of this attractive building. Would, then, it be out of place to think of a trailside museum for Acadia that would among other things exhibit the extraordinary life of the Gulf of Maine and combine this with rooms and other facilities for biological research? Workers at Salisbury Cove might thus enjoy better accomodations than are now available, and the visiting public would prefit by the technical assistance that such a combination would provide. [H.C.Bumpus ] Page of3 18 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ACADIA NATIONALPARK August 18, 1930. Mr. .Lynam, Bar Harbor, Maine. Dear r. ynam: To put on record with you as our intermediary init and while fresh in mind my understanding of the trans- action just completed between Mr. Rockefeller and myself, I write what follows: I understand Mr. Rockefeller to have offered, voluntarily, to pledge himself if I desired, to use, should he acquire them, the Sieur de onts Spring and Great Meadow properties for a national park develonment and carrying out the project, of which he told me last summer as a "pike dream", for magnificent extension of the Park moo--road system; and that he would ret: in these pro erties if he E.C. uired them no longer than might prove necessary to a good develop- ment, when he would transfer them to the Unites States. I told you that I would ask no pledge from him other than this statement, made thr ugh you, nor that he set, us you further told me that he offered, a time limit to his personal rete tion of these properties, for I desired that he should hold them till he had completed his develon- ment whether that were a longer or a shorter period. This understanding I rehearse and put in writing because it entered largel/ into my final decision to part with the Spring property, in which I had taken so long so personal an interest and which I ad not thought to part with unless by my own gift. Yours sincerely, GBD-0 (sgd) George B. Dorr 2 of 5 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATION L PARK SERVICE ACADI. NATIONAL PARK The Delano Wild Gardens stretch from the Spring on- trance rold and lawns to include the wooded villey of Trout Brook, which they follow to the Tern and thence to the Town road, coalescing with the Kane Path entrance from the road. In accordance with Mr. Lynam's desire to keen concise and brief the deed by which the Wild Gardens of cadia trans@ ferred to the United States their right and duty to maintain and develon these Gardens as an exhibit of the native woodland flora, full detail of description of the locus was omitted as not ne- cessary and the brook V. lley as its central feature alore WLS mentioned. The right and duty transferred by the Wild Gardens of Acadia to the United States is to maintain, develop and extend the footpath system of these gardens in accordance with the adonted Wild Gardens plan and to create along these withs favorable opportunities for & renresentative, educational and attractive growth of our native woodland plants, adding to the soil as needed, and maintaining, and in due course of time replacing as renlacement sh 11 be required, their piped irri- gation system from te Tarn, which waters also the Museum and Sieur de Monts Spring lawns. (sgd) George B. Dorr. (2448x3264) /2015 Sieur de Monts Spring Co. Stockholders: G. B.Dorr 100 E. G. Fabbri 5 Robert Abbe 1 A. S. Rodick 1 A. H. Lynam 1 G.B.Dorr for Real Estate 397 Total 505 Proposed to sell land for $25,000. Spring Company acquired real estate in 1916 from George B. Dorr. Dec. 16, 1916, option given by Dorr to Wild Gardens and Spring Company conveying to the Wild Cardens of Acadia the Jesup Path and also the Delano Wild Gardens. Feb. 18, 1926, conveyace to United States Government. 1927, conveyance to Museum. Deed from Spring Company should include rights reserved inc u bs://web.mail.comcast.net/service/home/~/?auth=co&oc=en_US&id=303481&part=2 United States Courts Judge's Chambers Bangar, Maine CHAMBERS OF JOHN A. PETERS DISTRICT JUDGE Sept. 5, 1930. S. 3. Rodick Esq. Searetary etc., Bar Harbor, Maine. Dear Mr. Rodick: I have your postal card asking my opinion in regard to the use of the new names for the Mountains of Mt. Desert Island. I have for years strongly deprecated the changing of the old, well - known names that have come down to us from the Fathers. I prefer the local names for their ussociations. When I introduced the bill for the National Park I wanted to call it Mr. Desert National Park, but Mr. Dorr, and I think President Elfiot#, insisted on the name Lafayette, which, from my point of view had no natural connection with the Park. The present name of acadia is much better than the former name, and I suppose will continue. The Park was a new thing and it had no history. But, these Mountains, with their names, no back to the beginning of our local history and I think it is a shame to abuse them as they have been abused Mr. Dorr called one Cadi (ac," and I told him at the time, if he was going to do that he ought to call another one "Buick, and certainly a peak near Seal Harbor ought to be called'Ford? Put me down as being in favor of the old names. Very truly yours, 1930 SEPTEMBER 10, 1930 FIVE CENTS A COPY NUMBER 844 WESCOTT ROCKEFELLER OFFERS TO BUILD A EATS HIGGINS $4,000,000 MOTOR ROAD FOR PARK of 1852 for Present *Plan Shows Magnificent Highway Leading Gouldsboro Demo- for First Time JANE ADDAMS IS From Mountain Road Near Eagle Lake In 20 Years Road Through Kebo Valley, Great Interest was shown in the GUEST OF HONOR Meadow, Across Newport, Across Otter Creek, Through Seal Harbor To Connect tion in all of the towns in y, the chief contest being With Mountain Road Again--Would Be heriff, in which Howe D. Luncheon at Missentop Saturday Three Years In Building And Employ of Southwest Harbor, and In Honor of 70th Birthday of Crew Of 500 Men. an official in the United Founder of Hull astoms service, was con- House John D. Rockefeller, Jr., has offered to build for Acadia e present incumbent, Ward National Park a motor road some fourteen miles in length, of Bluehill and a candidate tion. In this context nearly Brilliant wit and barbs of satire joining the motor road that he built for the Park several years usand votes were polled, marked the birthday luncheon given ago and making a continuous scenic highway approximately esult giving Mr. Wescott a in honor of Miss Jane Addams. twenty miles in length. It is estimated that the proposed road seventy-years young philanthropist would cost approximately four million dollars and that it would slightly in excess of fifteen The strength of Mr. Hig- and founder of Hull House, of Chi- keep a crew of five hundred men employed for three years. cago, by Hon. and Mrs. Henry The survey for the proposed highway has been completed as a surprise to political Morgenthau at their summer home and there is printed below a description of the route that it would the county, ho did not could get as many votes as Mizzentop, Saturday afternoon follow, written by Superintendent George B. Dorr of Acadia number slightly in excess More than sixty quests. prominent in National Park. The road would begin near the intersection of the social and financial life of the the present mountain road with Eagle Lake Road and at its Exact figures are impossible nation did honor to Miss Addams. other end join with the mountain road near/Jordan Pond. be of going to press because wns of the county have not and congratulated her on the work returns. There are the which she has done in the practical owns, however, and their adaptation of sociological theorie The land over which the survey from the present road south of its in her Hull House which has become has made is largely within entrance on Great Pond Hill to cross not materially change the famous the world over for its work in Acadia National Park. Much of the the mountain ridge with a superb land is owned by Mr. Rockefeller, or view the Windy City. Encomiuins of her over the whole reach of French- the most interesting upsets held by others in the public interest. mans Bay and then descend at work were heaped on Miss Addamk easy ar occurred in Gouldabóro, head, coming from the host. Hon For a short distance the road follows grade, crossing the valley of Kebo the past twenty years has Henry Morgenthau, Dr. Francis G the route of the Ocean Drive and the Brook, to the woods skirting the base sunch Republican town, but Peabody. Hon. Arthur Henderson final decision to build the highway is of the Kebo range and come out on went Democratic by nearly Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Dr contingent upon action to be taken Harden Farm with its wonderful e. Vote in the island towns Robert M. Hutchins, president of by the Town of Bar Harbor in turning southern view of the Gorge and y for an off year. Bar Harbor the University of Chicago, and Dr over the park certain sections of this mountains over a foreground of 170 voters, and the neigh Richard C. Cabot. of Boston, drive fronting upon the ocean. Final green lawn. ty of Ellsworth had 11 total approval of the project is yet to be Leaving Harden Farm the road The vote for Governor In Appreciation of Miss Addmas had from the Department of the takes a broad sweep around the Great ran behind the vote on Mr. Morgenthau was the opening Interior in Washington Meadow on its eastern side. passing nd State officials in most of speaker, and his tribute to Miss Following is Mr. George B. Dorr's above Sieur de Monts Spring and the ty towns. Addams and her work at Hull House description of the route that has been Abbe Museum to which it will give the interesting reports of the was interrupted by mirth at his sallie surveyed and approved by Mr. entrance, and through the belt of and one of the factors which of wit and by enthusiastic applause Rockefeller and his ssociates: old pines and hemiocks that clothe the count of the ballots, was at his tributes to the honor guest The road Mr. Rockefeller offers to the glacial moraine whose blocking ber of split ballots, and it During his tribute. Mr. Morganthao caused the Tarn, :0 issue on a superb build constitutes a magnificent con- hat few voted along straight touched upon the humble beginnings timation of the beautiful motor road view of the Gorge and Tarn from the es as they have in the past. of Hull House, and described the past Bubble Pond which he has al- height of the moraine. Thence it is e the fact that considerable outstanding success which it has ready generously contributed to the proposed that it shall cross by bridge become as one of the bright was shown in the election. the Park. a road that has taken its place the county road, the hill on which world where the needs of such institut one of the great scenic features of at this point it IS proposed to lower, was very quiet, and few per tions IS becoming increasingly the Island. This continuation, in easing the grade, and pass thence ed the TIMES office for re- dent. Mr. Morgenthau closed with the election. Party leaders whose planning Mr. Rockefeller has at the same high level southward a quotation from Rassela as being parties and the candidates sought the advice of the most famous along the western foot of Newport especially applicable to Miss Addams Mountain till it comes out finally es were the ones who followed landscape architect in the country Its closely. Continued on page 1 Frederick Law Olmsted, leads off Continued on page tors of WHY FIDDLE ADMINING h loud and deep all the shipping plying the coast of tears, tomobile indus- Maine. So faint, SO sad their beaming; have done As for the delay to automobile While memory brings us back again but I had body would go traffic let one? watch the traffic on Each early tie that twined us, I put blish a minimum the Lincoln Highway bridge from Oh, sweet's the cup that circles then "At d something for Jersey City to Newark where To those we've left behind us! But nething like the more traffic goes, both water pectedly. effect, and oth- and highway in twenty four hours And when, in other climes, we meet ered that than passes the Narrows in all summer. Some isle, or vale enchanting a little I might say, and the argument for Where all looks flowery, wild and and decio year, Mr. Ford the holding up of road traffic being sweet, Whe ployment. For- the greatest objection against the And naught but love is wanting; advantag nship now hold channel wouldn't have a leg left to We think how great had been our bliss nature. c independence stand on. If Heaven had but assigned us But Hoping the project goes thru with To live and die in scenes like this, foolish al ose work is of a flying colors and always wishing for With some we' left behind us! me out O d, are employed the best interests of my Old Home compared LS yet prepared districts, I am As travelers oft look back at eve he has h he commitment Yours tuly, When eastward darkly going, a dollar. E. G. BARTLETT. To gaze upon that light they leave stealing Still faint behind them glowing,- ing that 1 of ten months ROCKEFELLER OFFERS TO So, when the close of pleasure's day "An h the constant BUILD $4,000,000 ROAD To gloom hath near consigned us, Reaping en months' work (Continued from page 1) We turn to catch one fading ray The 1e two months' on a grand vision of the sea above Of joy that's left behind us. made us would not be the Sand Beach at the eastern end in some The total length of new construc- In t future earnings, of the Oceán Drive. Thence, uniting with the Ocean tion, should the road be built, would Bible wh he could count Drive, which will become, the Town be approximately fifteen miles. This The weeks. consenting, a portion of this road, joined with Mr. Rockefeller's forme Therefor Mr. Ford's pro- and extending it magnificently to gift of the road to Jordan Pond anc But the outer end of Otter Creek Point with the road to the summit of Cadil wage-earner the It says, d office worker and thence across the bar of Otter lac Mountain which the United will settl Creek it will skirt the bold and rugged States Government is now completing Tha ocean front past Hunter's Beach will make a drive of approximately CC ordin Head to Hunter's Brook, where it twenty four miles, of the best con- uence will issue on the county road near struction and permanently protected Wh Southwest Harbor the entrance to the Cooksey Drive. in its beauty." lo that ing Mr. Higgins a This is but a bare outline in briefest with the eastern terms of a singularly magnificent Presidential Powers both Mt. Desert project which nowhere else in the Section 1 of Article 1 of the Con- giving Mr. Wescott world perhaps could be carried out to CIN stitution states that "all legislative o that Mr. Wescott show such magnificent coastal scen- powers herein granted shall be vest- by a scant majority ery, so varied and within a space so ed in a congress of the United Wed his would indicate limited; and it is one on a scale which States, which shall consist of a sen- end of ate and house of representatives." as unusually close, few would have the vision to conceive IOD The President's power over lawmak- interest was mani- and fewer yet be willing to make real. ing is in suggesting laws to con- Prize ction. Should it be built, it will have no rival. gress and in approving or vetoing No laws that have passed. As clo 9/10/30 it is pc in the ital P night. GOT SORE! By Terry Gilkison The are n be wo 2 WILLIAM ISELIN & Co. 357 FOURTH AVENUE COR 26TH STREET P.O.BOX 387 MAD. SQ. CABLES: GREENCANAL. N.Y. NEW YORK September 11th, 1930. Mr. Serenus B. Rodick, Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations, Bar Harbor, Maine. Dear Sir:- Your post card about the names of the mountains is at hand. I feel very strongly that the new names for the mountains, adopted by the government, and used on the current government maps, should not be abandoned in the local use. It takes some time to establish the new names, for they are not as simple as the words Green, Brown, Robinson, Dog, Western Mountain, Eastern Mountain, etc., but I have heard very little objection to the new names except from a small group which has opposed consistently all of the Rockefeller developments. Mr. William J. Turner of Northeast Harbor has been one of the bitter opponents of that development, and showed it by getting up a new path map recently in which the old names were printed in the heavy type, and the new names either omitted or printed in very small type upon the map used to show the trails. The old names had no meaning, and the new names are expressive of the history of the Island, and would soon become familiar and universally used if they were used in all of t o publication of the park, and in the local press. I should be very much opposed to abandoning the new names. Yours truly, LC:JC. timis beonwill WORTHWHILE PLACES 1924 - 1933 Ed T.W. ERNST. Bronx, N.Y. Fordham U.P., 1991 REVISED AND FINALLY ACCEPTED FORM OF ORIG- involve the consent of the National Park Service to two under- INAL LETTER OF JUNE 27, 1930. Copy 2. passes underneath the present Park motor road. No.3 (the yellow line) shows the proposed completion of June 27, 1930 the Jordan (Penobscot) and Sargent Mountains' horse road. This proposed road, with its connection, is 1/2 miles in length The Director, and traverses Park land only. Its construction will complete National Park Service, a road some 15 miles in length, which will then completely Department of the Interior, circle Jordan (Penobscot) and Sargent Mountains. Washington, D.C. I hereby offer to build the above-mentioned roads without expense to the National Park Service, the motor road to be built Dear Sir: according to the specifications of the present Park motor road; the I am enclosing herewith plan showing the line of several horse roads to be built according to the specifications of the present proposed roads, some for motors, some for horse use only, Park horse roads; both to include the usual roadside cleaning, in Acadia National Park and certain adjacent private lands on planting and forestry. As to the horse roads, it is understood, as Mount Desert Island. is true of all other horse roads in Acadia National Park, that these No.I. (the red line) shows the proposed motor road roads, if constructed, would be open to use only by horses, horse connecting the present Park motor road with the Ocean Drive. driven vehicles and pedestrians, but not to motor traffic. This road is 13 1/6 miles in length; it traverses Park lands If work upon any one of these three roads has not been for about 3 1/3 miles and private lands nearly 9 3/4 miles. begun within a period of five years from the date of this letter The construction of this road would involve, I the consent of or during my lifetime in the event of my earlier death, there shall the Town of Eden (a) to the realignment of the present Gorge be no further obligation upon me if living or upon my heirs in road just north of the Tarn and its going in an underpass beneath the event of my decease as regards such particular road or roads. the proposed Park road; (b) to the abandonment of a certain If work has been begun upon any one of these three roads portion of the Ocean drive the same to be made a part of the or upon a section of any one of them, which section is connected proposed road; (c) to the closing of a Town road laid out at each end with a public highway or an existing park road, extending from the Ocean drive at Otter Creek westerly to the the completion of that particular road or section shall be shore of Otter Creek south of the Salisbury Cove Biological regarded as incumbent upon me if living or otherwise upon Laboratory property; II some permanently satisfactory my heirs, unless some adjustment of the matter satisfactory arrangement for the passage of this road (a) over the property to the National Park Service can be made. occupied by the Radio Station at Otter Creek, (b) over the Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted, the well-known landscape nearby property owned by the Salisbury Cove Biological architect, has spent many weeks in laying out and studying Laboratory; 111 the consent of the War Department to the these roads. I think I may say without qualification that, in construction of a causeway over Otter Creek inlet. So far as his judgment, they all represent desirable and important this road is concerned the offer made below is conditioned upon additions to the present Park development. I shall hope within the satisfactory adjustment of these items I, II, III. a few days to place in your hands Mr. Olmsted's report and No.2 (the green line) shows the proposed horse road loop recommendation in regard to these projects. connecting the Eagle Lake horse roads and Norrell Park. This Very truly, road is 6 1/4 miles in length. It traverses Park lands for 2 JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR. miles and private lands for 4 1/4 miles. Its construction would 110 111 PRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES NATIONAL PARK SERVICE A4. FILES ACADIA NATIONAL PARK BAR HARBOR, MAINE OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT September 13, 1930. The Director, National Park Service, Washington, D.C. Dear Sir: Mr. John D.Rockefeller, Jr., has executed before me a deed to the United States of land for inclusion in Acadia National Park, which deed I am forwarding herewith. I am also enclosing the following: Abstract of title in three volumes covering the land described in the deed. * A path map of the Island with the land in question colored red, showing its approximate location. * A map of the land in question, marked Lots 1, 2 and 3 prepared by the Walter Kidde Constructors, Incorporated with red corrections. The land in question includes the map as previously drawn with the red corrections. This plan I am forwarding pending the printing of a new plan, which will be forwarded to you shortly. Per order of the Suserintendente Respectfully, *6 Assistant to the Superintendent. eir best the ad- :riptions Satur- period, up an ir vote Pg of2 count Ownership of Bar Harbor's Leading Hotel and Cottages Trans Inc., to Chester A. Wescott, for Four Years Popular and Succ TB close adidates sands of They MRS. PARKER IS MR. DORR BUYS CLEAVES L advan- winning Ls. The LEADER IN RACE ECHO LAKE TRACT NEW COM ho make 10W on. it about Miss Iveney of Northeast Harbor Stanley Brothers Sell "Wonder- George Edwin K S mostly in First Place in Second District land" Lot for Acadia Park Annual Electio day, the Development Monday I Following is the standing of the candidates of votes cast for publica- (From our Regular Correspondent George Edwin tion at the close of the second period Southwest Harbor, Sept. 30.--A, can Legion, held it n oppor- last Saturday night: real estate deal of considerable im- and election of off ndidates portance took place here last week evening when Ca their big District Number One ew days, THE TOWN OF BAR HARBOR when the Stanley Brothers sold their Cleaves, was cho 3,417,200 Echo Lake property and their hold- bose who Mrs. Charles Parker Harold R. Hodgkin may lose Mrs. Myra Kief Lurvey 3,410,650 ings at Seawall, known as Wonder- mander; Oliver G. Mrs. Lenore Clark Bunker 3,406,800 land to George B. Do.r for Acadia commander; Herm awarded, of them- Miss Charlotte Ingalls 3,218,350 National Park. The cottages on the tant and Finance ( Herman S. Leland 2,386,950 Echo Lake property are to be taken LaPoint, Historian (Continued on page 7) (Continued i) (Continued on page 8) (cont BHT 10/1/30, cal. 4 copy defoud Maytag We are Distributors of Fall laundry done Chanel Perfun with despatch and econ- omy means more lei- sure for rest and enjoy- ine ment. WEST END DRUG COMP GORDON & GILFILLAN pg.2of2 bought the hotel for the sole purpose MT. DESERT POST- The lobster supper given at Und Days of maintaining its high standards is PONES MEETING Fellows' Hall last Wednesday even- tage. indeed a tribute to his ability, And a distinct recognition of the uccess Continued from pag ing by the Manset V. I. A. was well Mrs. Philip Moor and Time. attended, many coming from sur that he has achieved in the manage- days in her horea It has been found ment of one of America's most dis necessary to rounding towns and a party from make this change in the date of this Bangor. The society took nearly on Mrs. William Hard tinguished resort hotels. meeting, as a new lause has been hundred and forty dollars. tives at Bernard a rth added to Articles and 3 of the war- The members of St. John's Guild week CAPT. CLEAVES NEW rant posted several days ago and were entertained last week by Mrs. & LEGION COMMANDER published in last week's edition of R. L. Carson at the rectory. Mrs. (C continued from page 1 THE TIMES. The Lew clause reads as Carson left on Monday of this week CARD ston, Sergeant-at-Arms; Rev. W E. follows: "And further conditional for Boston where she will spend the Berger, Chaplain. The committees elected are: that the money and land money winter. We wish to thank and 10th offered by the Committee be available Many people from this community neighbors for the Executive Retiring Commander L. or assured for use by the Town before were at Castine last Saturday evening our recent bereavem Lee Abbott, Commander Cleaves, to attend the observance of the silver beautiful flowers. Adjutant Leland E. Malcolm Brewer, January 1 1931. With the excep- Mrs. Tizzie H Walters G. Hill, J. Albert Stevens, tion of the changes in the two wedding anniversary of the marriage articles mentioned above, the war- of Rev. and Mrs. Oscar L. Olsen, Mrs. Maud G Gold Fred Copp; House, Clarence Leonard, rant remains the same as published in formerly of Southwest Harbor. Mr. and Mrs Richmond Karst, James Marcyes; Mrs Josephir Entertainment, Harry E. Benedict, the September 24 issue of THE TIMES. Edson Alley, George Fisher; Sick The new warrant was posted seven The Friday Club will hold the first and far Committee, Dr. R. W. Wakefield, days before the date of the special meeting of the year on the evening of prizes to be Dr. E. J. Morrison, Alexander Robert- meeting. October tenth at the home of Miss NOTI Louise L. Fernald with Mrs. Sylvester ay son. Dorr as assistant hostess. The pro- The annual meet The date for the installation of offi- property with its surf-worn beach on gram is on classic and modern poetry holders of the Bar F cers was set for the 20th October. An the western side of the rocky point, its with the usual extra numbers of music interesting detail of the meeting, the forests and its wealth of wild flowers, Trust Company wil and current events. announcement informally made, was will be open to the public for picnics Company's banking that about seventy-five of Kirk Post or any peaceful use. It is a place of Miss Irene Gilley was called to her Harbor, Maine, on home here last week from her studies ber 4, 1920, at ten O will be open members will attend the National rare and wild beauty and is the prob- Convention in Boston next week. at Gorham Normal School by the noon. able place where the unfortunate passengers of the ship Grand Design death of her grandfather, William 1. To elect trus spent that terrible winter of 1740. Holmes. Evening, ing year. MR. DORR BUYS Coins have been found among the ECHO LAKE TRACT rocks of a date which makes it prob- Mrs. Gardiner Dodge of Cleveland, 2. To transact S1 (Conitnued from page 1) able that they were once the property Ohio, who has been the guest of Miss as may properly C 9th away. of those suffering persons. The small Edith Emerson at her cottage for meeting. The acquisition, by the Park, of cottage owned by E. G. Stanley at some time, left Friday for her home. F Wonderland insures the use of it to Wonderland is to be allowed to re- Miss Emerson will remain for some the public for all time. This piece of main there for Mr. Stanley's own use. weeks longer. 847-3t Page I of 4. C O P Y ROSCOE B. JACKSON MEMORIAL LABORATORY Bar Harbor, Maine. October 5, 1930. c/o Thos. Cook & Sons, Berkeley Street, London, England. Honorable Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary, Department of Interior, Washington, D. C. My dear Doctor Wilbur: I am taking the liberty of writing about the general situation at the Acadia National Park at Bar Harbor. For some years I have had the privilege of observing the natural beauty of that region and of studying its natural history. I have also been a very close friend of Mr. Dorr, the Superintendent of the Park, and am indebted to him for many kindnesses both to the Jackson Memorial Laboratory, of which I am the Director, and to me person- ally. For these reasons it is somewhat difficult to write as I now do. Briefly, it is my honest opinion that the unique features of the Park are in danger of destruction by an apparently endless orgy of road building. Much has al- ready been done to mar its former beauty of detail and Dr. Wilbur. Page 2. to scatter its wild life and apparently the end is not in sight. There are scores of permanent residents and summer visitors who feel as I do but who are impressed with the seemingly hopeless task of making their opinions heard or felt. I really love that region of the country -- live on the edge of the Park all the year around, and plan to be there for the rest of my life. I am well aware of the factors which make the situation difficult: Mr. Dorr is a solitary worker and decides his own policies; Mr. Rockefeller, Jr. has sponsored the program and has spent most of the money. In view of his increasing interest in other National Parks, to obstruct his per- sonal program in the Acadia Region may not be wise; The natives of Mt. Desert and surrounding regions enjoy the financial advantages of work incidental to a road program. In spite of all these facts, however, I urge for the sake of the preservation of one of the loveliest spots in America, that: Dr. Wilbur. Page 3. (1) All road building not actually contracted for, be delayed for a period of from one to three years in order to allow a more careful study of the situation in terms of the way in which the present roads are being used. (2) That the National Park Service take steps to ascertain the opinion of such citizens of Mt. Desert Island as the Rt. Reverend William Lawrence, Edsel Ford, President James R. Angell, Arthur Train, A. Atwater Kent, Herbert Satterlee, Doctor James Murphy, Peter A. Jay, James Byrne, and many others who are public spirited persons vitally interested in the Park and its future. I hope that you will pardon my presumption in writing in this way, but those of us who are really concerned are almost at a point of desperation. In order for me to keep on a friendly basis with Mr. Dorr, to whom I am genuinely attached, it would be helpful to have my name in this con- nection kept confidential. This is especially true if the Department cares to take no action. If it is willing to follow the suggestions that I have made, I shall be glad to take the responsibility for what may happen -- as far as it is possible for me to do so. Dr. Wilbur. Page 4. I believe that the Director of the National Park Service is planning to prepare his annual report to you while he is on Mt. Desert Island next summer. If a post- ponement of the program were agreed upon he could use his stay on the Island to obtain first hand evidence from the persons mentioned, as well as from any others whom he desired to consult. Very sincerely yours, (Sgd) C. C. LITTLE. Page lof6 With Regard to the Continuation of the Perk Motor Road from Sieur de Monts Spring to the Oceanfront west of the Sand Beach Two routes are physically possible: The one, along the western side and round the southern end of Champlain Mountain from the Tarn-foot on; the other, past the northern face of the mountain and along its eastern side. Both routes arrive at the same point in the former Homans pasture east of the mountain's south- 1930 ern end, which the western route reaches by circling the southern end of the mountain and making a quick loop-turn, in reversal of direction, in the Homans pasture; the other route, leaving the northern base of the mountain in an ascent from Bear Brook Quarry, continues on thence in a direct course southward to the same point in the Homans pasture, from which point on the course taken by both routes is the same. There can be no question which course offers the better route from the landscape point of view. The one west of the mountain holds no feature of interest from its commencement on, passing continuously through woods, 2. and reaches its objective, the eastern end of the former Ocean Drive, by 2. course circuitously paralleling the Drive through woods below the mountain's southern foot. The eastern route, starting from the same point at the northern end of the Tarn, where an overpass of the State highway is made by either route, offers in its course three great contrasting features: The abrupt and finely-wooded northern faces of Champlain and Picket Mountains, seen across the glacial, water-filled basin of Beaver Dam Pool; the view eastward across the entrance to Frenchman's Bay from a high point on Champlain Moun- tain's northern ridge; and the view from the meadow at its base of Champlain Mountain's magnificent east cliff. This route, reaching the same point as the other in the Homans pasture, continues on to enter, in natural and direct pro ression, the reconstructed Ocean Drive at its eastern end. No one desires the western route, now that the greater interest and beauty of the eastern one has been explored and recognized; on the contrary, should it be 3. again brought forward it would again be bitterly assailed as it was when first proposed five years ago. Then three features on it especially were bitterly attacked: (1) The closely paralleling course to the State highway past the Tarn, disfiguring one of the Island's most cherished spots of roadside beauty; (2) Destruction by the road's invasion of the entrance portion of the important Beachcroft Path lead- ing up from the Tarn-foot to Huguenot Head, Picket and Champlain Mountains; (3) Obliteration by the road of the oldest and one of the most interesting footpaths on the Island, going back to early settler days when it gave connection through the pass between the Bechive and Gorham Mountain between the early farming and fishing settlements in the Schooner Head and Great Head areas and that at Otter Creek. Regarding the obliteration of this footpath by the projected road, Professor Dana, the geologist, one of the earliest summer residents at Seal Harbor, writing in inquiry as an old friend, said that it would be "a crime. If 4. That the feeling aroused five years ago against this western route when proposed in Mr. Rockefeller's published plan should be awakened again in its old bitterness is on all accounts to be avoided. Mr. Rockefeller talked this fall concerning the difficulties the eastern route was encountering on per- sonal grounds from Mr. and Mrs. Palmer and Mrs. Livingston not only with me but with Bishop Lawrence, who told me of his tell with him, and with my neighbor, Arthur Train, whom, finding him friendly, I put him in touch with. Mr. Train, if I remember right, speaking to me afterward of his talk with him quoted him as saying that it might be good strategy to give out that the Government would take the western route if it found obstacles it could not surmount to the eastern one, because the opposition, he thought, to the western route would exert a pressure on Mr. Palmer to withdraw his objection to the other; but no such pressure would result. It would only result in 5. the whole scheme of the road's continuation from the Spring southward being assailed, and pressure only on the Government would ensue to use the Town and County roads to connect the Park roads at the Spring and ocean- front. The true strategy, if strategy it should be called, would be for the Government to announce a clear- cut stand that it would build the road where it should go as a Park road, around the mountain's eastern side, or not build at all; and there to let the matter lie until the road to the Spring, with the employment it will give to the working classes at Bar Harbor, is under construction and the end of employment on it appears in sight when strong pressure will make itself felt in the Town and from the State to secure continuation of work upon the road. To this pressure I feel quite sure that Mr. and Mrs. Palmer, the chief obstacles to the eastern course, would yield; if not, that condemnation, where no damage to the landscape or property can be shown, would follow. In further negotiation in the matter it would seem to me desirable that Mr. Rockefeller should not appear, 6. as he did of necessity five years EFO, 8.3 its chief proponent but that the Federal Bureau of Roads, chief authority on road design in the country, should take his place in recommendation of the road's continuation and its route, with the Federal Government, the State and the citizens of the town supporting it. [G.B.Dorr] 12328 Page I of3 1930 Champlain Mountain and the New Park Road Champlain I consider the most interesting mountain in the entire Mount Desert chain, as it stands out upon its eastern end separated from Cadillac Mountain and the Flying Squadron by the deep Gorge through which, during the last glacial period when the coast stood at a lower level in relation to the sea, the ocean must have surged backward and forward as the tide rose and fell and storm waves rode in, making it an island. The mountain's western side alone, where the con- tinuous mountain-to-shore Park road was originally planned, lacks interest and beauty. On the north the mountain faces broadly, steep and forest-clad, across the Great Meadow basin toward Bar Harbor and the water of the upper bay, rising in one swift slope to its full height. This front, on either side, is flanked by lower mountainous projections: on the west, Picket Mountain, dominating precipitously the narrow, ice- torn gorge; to the east, a boldly ascending ridge of rock, smooth, ice-planed and bare above, forested below, which terminates abruptly toward the north in Bear Brook Quarry, from whose summit one gets the first sight of the ocean after leaving Cadillac. 2. Along the eastern side of this ridge, which carries on its crest what is probably the earliest summer-visitor trail upon the Island, runs the survey for the projected 1,930 mountain-to-shore Park road which here obtains the single ocean view from a commanding height the road affords throughout its course, Cadillac apart. Descending in its southward course through rocky defiles to open meadowland, the road as planned passes beneath a magnificent cliff, rising almost sheer eight hundred feet; then after passing through a stretch of open woodland and across a second meadowland, opposite Schooner Head, where wild cranberries and other marsh plants grow that turn to rich color in the fall, the road comes out at last at the eastern end of Bar Har- bor's former Ocean Drive, the commencement of the Park new coastal road, the mountain terminating above in a splendid headland known as the Beehive and the mountain heights of Gorham, with wonderful surf-cut cliffs and caves showing how the coast has risen since the last and recent glacial invasion. 3. Along this route there is interest throughout and constant change of scene. From mountain top to Hunter's Beach there is no dull section; scene fol- lows scene and the whole topography of the region is set forth in those dozen miles. Nor is there any sacrifice in its course of any early trail that people in the past have walked and loved. [G.B.DORR] Page lot3 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ACADIA DAEXXXXDE NATIONAL PARK BAR HARBOR, MAINE OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT MEMORANDUM Circo 1930, August I have got from Mr. Hill, who is in charge for Mr. Rockefeller of the work he is doing along the Ocean Drive, Mr. Rockefeller's ideas concerning the path work which he has written the Washington office should be done by the Government along such portion of the water front as the Government now owns. The development of such paths was not contemplated at the time Mr. Rockefeller made his offer to construct the road nor until the present summer when Mr. Rockefeller came to Seal Harbor and found that Mr. Hill had taken advantage of the abandonment of certain sections of old road upon the Ocean Drive to make pa th-ways over them so that people could walk from point to point without entering on the motor road, to their own risk and the interference with travel on the road. Mr. Rockefeller was delighted with what Mr. Hill had done and asked to have the Park landscape engineer, Mr. Breeze, make studies for its extension. Mr. Breeze, conferring with Mr. Rockefellor, made certain sug- gestions for carrying the path along the rocks further from the motor road and nearer to the sea than Mr. Rockefeller -1- byBK REHAICE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE LAFAYETTE NATIONAL PARK BAR HARBOR. MAINE OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT 2. had contemplated and this, he thought, made further study desirable, And he wrote to Washington. I have looked the situation over both with Mr. Rocke- feller and today again with Mr. Hill, familiar with Mr. Rockefeller's ideas. My first thought was, like that of Mr. Breeze, that the further the path could be carried from the motor road the pleasanter it would be. This Mr. Rockefeller recog- nizes but brings forward for consideration another point of view: that the path between the motor road and the shore is not to be looked upon in the light of another trail but as a convenience to motorists in reaching the points to which they wish to get to watch the soa, gathering perhaps in groups or bringing their lunch to eat it at some attractive point upon the rocks, as Mr. and Mrs Rockefeller themselves were doing the day I went to find them there. With such a purpose in view the attractivoness of the walk, as walk, becomes secondary to serving such a need and the less it invades the spots overlooking the sea where people will want to gather and stay, the better. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE LAFAYETTE NATIONAL PARK BAR HARBOR. MAINE OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT 3. Studying the matter it seems to me that this latter point of view should prevail there tho two conflict. The trail, as trail, is not needed. Everyone who comes there will come by motor and if e motorist gots out of his car and leaves the road it will be not for travelling the path in any long extent but to roach attractive points which it opens up, now here now there, to go out and sit alone or with others, to eat a lunch brought along, or watch the surf. There is another consideration to which people who have not visited that shore in times of storm might naturally fail to give due weight: the high sweep of the sen which would carry off any construction not an chored to the rock and which I have seen upon occasion invade the road itself in 1ts previous lay-out when tide and seas combined their force. The path, so far as possible, should keep above the storm-swept rocks oven though they are swept but raro- ly. Mr. Rockefeller's ambition is to keep parked cars NATIONAL PARK SERVIOE LAFAYETTE NATIONAL PARK BAR HARBOR. MAINE OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT 4. entirely off the travelled way and he is providing at con- siderable additional expense parking spaces among the woods on the inland side of the road whence people will EO down on foot to find the path, gathering as they now do at Thunder Hole in considerable groups or more solitarily at less crowd- ed points. The path work now proposed is limited, first by the fact that the land along the shore now owned by the Park passes at either end into lands still held by Mr. Rocke- feller, and, further, by the work at the Monument Cove end which by Mr. Hill's initiative made use of the old road, following close below the new one on its higher level; and by the fact that a similar situation exists at the other end of what the Government now owns, where another stretch of the earlier road, lying below the new construction, solves the problem of both cost: and route. [G.B.DORR] UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ACADIA NATIONAL PARK BAR HARBOR, MAINE OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTE) November 17, 1930. IDENT The Director, National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Director: I am having prepared a corrected U. S. C. S. Kap, Acadia National Park sheet, in accordance with your request of recent date, the correction data to be noted and used in the new edition of this map. In going over the map to make corrections in place names to bring them into harmony with the decisions of the United States Geographic Board, published under date of November 7, 1928, I have discovered what seems to be an unintentional reversal of one place name on the Island. The name in question is that of Salisbury Cove. On page five of the printed list of decisions on November 7, 1928 you will note that the name is set down as Salsbury and at the end of the para- graph is to be found in parentne sis not Salisbury and it is here that the reversal has occured. I will here state that the old family name from which the Cove and th little settlement was originally named was Salisbury and is the name which the Cove and Settlement should bear and I am sure also it is the name which was intended to have been officially given. Ky reason for so believing will be found in notes submitted to the National Park Service by Will C. Barnes, Secretary of the Geographic Board, under date of July 31, 1928. On page two of those notes is to be found the following: "Salisbury; town and cove, Hancock County, Maine, on North coast of Kt. Desert Island, South side Eastern Bay, North lat. 44 26', long. 68 17'. (Not Salsbury. Family name. I think it would be desirable for the Service to call the at- tention of the Geographic Board to this matter and have it corrected becaus there is no question but what Salisbury is correct and is no doubt the name which was intended to have been designated as official. Very truly yours, (Sgd.) George B. Corr Superintendent. ADDRESS ONLY THE DIRECTOR, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON, D. c. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON NOV 21 1980 Mr. John J. Cameron, Secretary, U. S. Geogramic Board, Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Cameron: Mr. George B. Dorr, Superintendent of the Acadia National Park, has called my attention to the Board's decisions dated November 7, 1928, in which he claims that the nake "Salisbury Cove" is mis- spelled. A copy of Mr. Dorr's letter is herewith inclosed which gives his exclanation of the name. Will you please look this matter over and advise me? Sincerely yours, ARNO 3 GATTERER, Inclosure No. 7521 Associate Director. Pg. lof2 mt. Desert Island Safayette n. (me) r. (Salshary) November 25, 1930. Mr. Arno B. Cammerer, Associate Director, National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Cammerer: Receipt is acknowledged of your letter of November 21, enclosing letter from the Superintendent of the Acadia National Park, relating to the correct spelling of a town and cove on Mount Desert Island. I find in looking over our records that the decision as printed on November 7, 1928, Salsbury, is correct; and also that Mr. Barnes in July, 1928, was, as sug- gested by Mr. Borr, of the opinion that the correct form was Salisbury. Mr. Barnes's change of opinion was due to subsequent research which convinced him that the family spelled its name Salsbury, AS Mr. Barnes wrote to the Post Office Department on December 3, 1928, who raised the same question as Mr. Dorr: "Referring to your letter AF November 30: "The decision made by the board as to the proper spelling of the name Salsbury, a town and cove in Hancock County, Maine, on the northern coast of Mount Desert Island, was based upon old records running back to the early settlement of the island. Walling's map of Hancock County, 1860, Street's History of Mount Desert Island, also Walling's List of Family Names, spelle the name Salsbury. - 2 - "The change in the spelling from this to Salisbury seems to appear on modern maps, the first one being that of Colby and Stuart in 1887. In all the old records, which were avail- able, the family which evidently was quite a large one, spelled the name Salsbury." I shall be pleased to receive any data Mr. Dorr may wish to present, so that if the name in question is spelled incorrectly a correction may be made at an early date. Sincerely, John J. Cameron, Secretary. C / UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NAITIONAL PARK SERVICE ACADIA NATIONAL PIRK BAR HERBOR, MAINE November 26, 1930. The Director, National Park Service, Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Director: In accordance with the request contained in your letter of November 8 I am sending two geological survey maps of Mt. Desort Islandland nearby mainland on which I have noted, on the one copy, the additional and which has been accepted by the Government in extension of the National Park, and on the other I have noted all recent name changes authorized by the United States Geographic Board. Concerning the map on which name channels are noted I would call your attention particularly to the addition of the name "Carter Nubble" lying between EchcLake and Great Pond and west of Beech Cliff. The name Carter Bubble did not appear on the map and was one of the names authorized by the Geographic Board in its decisions published November 7, 1928. I have also included the name "Hio" which has care to be 10- cally accepted through long usage and is published on severel nons of the region. This name is given to a hill one hundred and sixty f eet high southwest of the Village of Manset. While the name is not official I think it would be well to have it put on the map for the reason stated. The name Great Pond Hill which has appeared for a great many years on maps of the Island was eliminated a few years ago by the Geographic Board and I have red-penciled that name to be eliminated. The other name changes are in the main the dropping of the possessive, a pro- cedure which I understand is nor e and more recognized and followed in nomenclature. I have added the new Cadillac Mountain Suprit Motor Road with a black line because this road will be finished by the time the man is reissued. I have also red-cenciled for elimination a short piece of road in the northwest section of the Island which has been abandoned during the last ten years and is no longer a part of the town road system. I have likewise red-penciled for elimination, but perhaps not too planaly, another short piece of town road which has been abon- doned at the head of Otter Cove. I think there are no other changes on the map which require particular explanation. If there is anything about the map which is not clear I will be glad to make further explanation. Very truly yours, GEORGE B. DORR. Superintendent. ALBION F. SHERMAN TELEPHONES RICHARD J. MORGRAGE Editor and Publisher 709 and 710 Managing Editor THE BAR HARBOR TIMES FILE SP 8. Published Sherman Wednesdays Publishing Co. TIMES BUILDING, SIXTY-SIX MAIN STREET BAR HARBOR, MAINE December 3, 1930. Mr Richard W. Hale, 60 State Street, Boston, Mass. Dear Mr. Hale: I am sorry to have to advise that Mr. Dorr refuses to give me the names of those for and against using the old names for Mount Desert Island Mountain as they appeared in the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations meeting. Yours truly, : Sherman Editor AFS-0 MAINE'S GREAT COAST RESORT More Summer Proposed Mrs. Henry Parkman, and Mrs. Charles Ingersoll Why Bar They Want No Mora ball Desert Island's was the ex- Three of Mt. resident be biologists The Bulck Six and zodlogists, known summer letters to week eriy awaited the will start the Thursday even The Times this petting forth their reasons for opposing the of vonous fauna to the int. playing the for # W Athletic Jub team at the Chaino. White the construction of the motor road that protected These are now at local toam did not play the Math Sir. Rockefeller has offered to build ready banished with the exception of for Aradia National Park. a few deer and in imported beaver. getregation last.sedson. the term for on But now not only the animals but one of the festent tw the state and will One letter is from Mrs. Henry the humans are finding themselves rive the former Statz Champione lota of Boston and Northeast out of place in the changed scene. of opposition. The Bath ltneup will Harbor, Parkman who states in her letter-that Already our young active people who be seen Meister and Whitehouse. her memories of Mt. Desert go back love the island are being driven away forwards, Brewstor, center. and Lyden linen. for fifty years. Another letter is to seek their recreation in a less and Pooler BO guards These men are with happing Mrs. Frederick Fearing of All experienced and skillful prep who were voe from famed envirohment. Bronyville, N. Y., and Bar Harbor, school players, and are coming here tion of the W has spent her summers in Bar To follow one of those traiis in its determined to take over the Huick Six. crowning of mounds of arber since earliest childhood. The roughness and seclusion, to rest by a Last year the Bath team wan-not or net before th third jetter is from Mrs. Charles trickling stream and note the age-old ganized until the SPARON was well addition to Edward Ingersoll of Philadelphia and colora of the lichen-covered rocks, to long. but Aho team made M wonderful shall tolks. kets were wen Northeast Harbor, a summer resident surmount the steep summits was hap- howing with fast tonme throughout Committee. of Mt Desert Island for many years. piness even in memory. How different the state. the necessitie now! We come out of the dream The probable line-up for the Buick larke and NHO The letters follow: upon a wide road cut out of the woods (eam will be Ware and Bucklin. for past. Tuken and the blown-up side of the moun- wards, Webber, center, and Allen and successful, Mrs. Henry Parkman's Letter tain, while the little brook in Judicroun Wiseman, backs, with Harriman and mitten carrie 30 Commonwealth Ave. ly bridged by a Brondingnagian Kurs Sn in reserve. According to numeroua he Boston, Mass. edifice of masonry reminiscent of II busketball fans, this should make is was filled W and there November 25, 1930. suburban park. It is, more than it trong scoring machine, and one that possible foun personal shock and grief-it means will make the Bath aggregation step The Hditor dinner Winer Bar Harbor Times deprivation for those who come after flavor from sure brought Bar Harbor, Maine us. Dear Sir, I speak of what has already been SEAL SALE The comm rangements Carter. trens As an interested reader of your done, and now, not only the threaten- knod, secret. paper and for many years a summer ed automobile road with its destruc- side of the island, is upon us, but the UNDER WAY HERE Mrn. Frank resident of Mount Desert Island, I tion of the last wild area left on that vey and Mini take advantage of your invitation which brought out the fine letters two other roads which invade other Mr Ogden and Mr. Scott, both regions. These plans as usual have a. them, with Mr. Cosby's, 80 per- been kept very quiet, and publicity Campaign on In Schools--1. P. RITZY fectly expressing the feeling of all for the automobile road has been Carter Chairman of the Gen- who have loved the island for its given us only by the happy chance of eral Committee bildbeauty and the unique opportuni- its finding an obstacle in Mrs. Ogden's BE ST gives to those who can explore property Mrs. Ogden's public Bar Harbor in lined up to make the K In adding a word I can only spirited action fills us all with deep Christmas ical sale, at EL penny apiece gratefully endorse what they have gratitude.. There should be a limit to for the stamping out of tuberculosis, High Schoo said belong to the older generation the power of any one member of a one of the biggest in the town's his- Friday A of which Mr. Scott speaks and my community to change the aspect of a ing of Fun automes go back fifty years. When spot known all over the world as a tory of making this particular winter to fit the Park took over the reservation, unique example of beauty in the effort for health a leader In the coun then comparatively small, it seemed natural adjustment of its scenic fea- try. Everyone has always helped in Plana for It) us that it meant conserving this tures to the proper scale. This scale the seal sale. The children of the Revel given Island a sanctuary for wild life as is being entirely disregarded. Some public schools, under the appervision in the Rocky Mountain regions, so years ago at a small meeting of pro- Harbor high of Mrs. H. M. Conners, grade princi- beautifully administered by the Cana test were present two accredited ad- students at the high ly completed aparonities around (Continued on page 8) (Continued on page 4) take place If SANTA CLAUS For Page 1662 Seal Harbor, Maine, December 7, 1930. Dear MI'. wokefeller:- I an sorry to note by your letter of December 5th that you are not going to be able to visit Seal Harbor this month as usual. I am glad to note however that you have returned safely from your European trip, and I hope you can make your customary winter visit at a later date. During your absence we have followed in general the program outlined before you. left Seal Harbor - AS follows:- Aunt Betty's Pond Rond. Final ad justments in location and grades and morks for construction, with replacements from time to time when necessary. Also preliminary surveys of alternative lines through valley to connect with Jordan-3argent Mountain road. Asticou - Jordan Pond Road. Final location and grades, levels and cross-sections and marks for construction on Amphithentre section, western end, from present road to bridge site on Little Harbor Brook. Topography of bridge site and plan of crossing. Final location, grades and marks for construction eastern end from round-turn near Jordan Pond to Spring trail. Topography and plan of bridge site, laying out bridge and furnishing marks and information for the builders from time to time as needed. Final location and lines and grades for construction of Litchell Hill branch from present road on Hitchell Hill to Junction with main line. Barr !111 - Day Countain Road, (Proposed). Reconnaissance survey from Barr Hill to Day fountain, with overhead crossing or proposed Stanley Brook votor rond and underpass of Jordan Pond Road. 3tanley Brook motor road. (Proposed). Reconnaissance survey from end of 1930 construction Jorcan Pond Road to Stanley Brook vall with underpass of proposed Barr Hill - Day Mountain road. Day Countain system. (Proposed). Reconnai&sance survey of roa encircling Day Countain, connecting with Bubble Pond road and propos Barr Hill - Dny Countain road, with overhead crossing of extension of proposed new notor road in Triad - Day Mountain pass. Also recon- nalacance survey of road from Icy Hill section of road to top of mou tain. Miscellaneous surveys, at foot, of Eagle Lake and surveys along Duck Brook and in Breakneck Brook valley in con nection withppossible sewerage systems for proposed Eagle Lake Loi T Topographic survey and plan of site for proposed Jordan Pond Lodg Various property line surveya in Mount Desert and Bar Harbor. In addition to the above I have kept in touch with Mra Mille men on the survey of the proposed new notor road - going over lines with them occasionally and giving any information I thought would be useful. I also loaned them our field party once or twice and borrowed some of their men on occasions. During the coming, months I nn planning to complete in the field the location, levels and cross-sections of the Amphitheatre section of the Asticou - Jordan Pond road from the bridge site on Little Harbor Brook to the junction with the litchell Hill branch and from that oilt around the couth end of Jordan Mountain to the bridge now under construction - and to do the office work of computing quantities and fixing grades and preparing the plans and profiles for construction 80 that work in the Spring can be begun at any point without delay. In order to take advantage of the present good weather conditions and to get over the most exposed portions of the line expeditiously I may find it advisable, if agreeable to you, to add another rod-man and another chain-mun to the party temporarily. In addition to th13 work I would make further studies of some of the preliuinary work I have mentioned - unless instructed by you otherwise. I honed you could look over the alternative lines connecting the American Betty's Pond road through the valley with the Asticou -Jordan Pond road this month - but I will write later about these lines - and about other matters. Very truly yours. [P. Simpson] 'AI'. John D. hockefeller, Jr., 26 Broadway, New York, : Y. LAW OFFICES LUERE B. DEASY ALBERT H. LYNAM DEASY, LYNAM, RODICK & RODICK DAVID O.RODICK SERENUS B. RODICK BAR HARBOR BANKING & TRUST BUILDING BAR HARBOR, MAINE December 6, 1930. Richard W. Hale, Esq., 60 State St., Boston, Mass. Dear Mr. Hale: Mr. Dorr has passed to me in my capacity as President of the Public Reservations your letter of December 5th relating to names of mountains, etc. Upon examining the records I find that the motion that the corporation "declare itself to be in favor" (of the old names, etc.), the follow- ing vote was passed "that this motion be laid upon the table until the annual meeting of 1931 and that meanwhile the Sec- retary, under the direction of the President, take a postal card or other written vote, etc." I have not the answers to the postal cards in my possession nor any list. In view of the vote I do not think that I should direct the Secretary to give out the answers or list for publication while the motion is upon the table. Yours very truly, B. soday LUME Continue Discussion Harbor Y Proposed Park Motor Road Annual Christmas For Next Week Annual Prol. Edward S. Dana, John S. Rogers and A. J. Wurts Ex- will evento of press Their Views Regarding Road that Mr. Rocke- thirty feller Offers to Build For Acadia National Park, the Greens monial or public is cordially invited. The Hanging of the Greens needs Arthur W. That the motor road that Mr. John for example, the Building of Arts, do introduction and looked forward of Boston and B Lackefeller, Jr. has offered to and t golf and tennis clubs. to each year is one of the outstanding the five to receive Nuild Acadia National Park recent years, through the far- events of the year. Mrs. W. G. Hill competition butter of considerable interest sighted generosity of Mr Rockefeller, will be the Spirit o Christmas again Beautiful with residents of Mt. Desert of forest lands have been this year. first time Mr plandit shown by the response to acquired by him and thus saved from The Pageant will be given by the ceived similar hone Relation of The Times to its the hideous results of ruthless lum- Girl Reserve Department at which The competition to express their views re. bering For this we cannot thank him time they will their rifts to three classes, ne parding the project through the col- enough. the Community Santa Claus and the seven rooms; no this newspaper. Three letters Now as to the question of the fur- Maine Sea Crast Mission. Any one twelve rooms and bublished today. therrood development which is before who wishes to make a gift to either of Mr. McFarland 12 diward S. Dana of New Hav- us, the writer feels very strongly that these causes through the Y. W. C. A. ful house In Bar Harbor is grateful to Mr. CN. development should go on slowly are invited to do 80 at this Service. Miss Mildred for his acquisition of for- and only after very careful thought. Please mark to which cause you wish Harbor and Chic and saving these lands from In fact I think it has gone on far your gift to go. Farm House wh numbering, but Prof. Dana enough already, indeed many will This took one that the road-building pro- think with me too far. Photographs and gone far enough already. Certainly also the judgment of the RITZY REVEL NETS mitted and the der Jay Wurts of Pitts- summer residents should carry great excellence of deal Bar Harbor adds his pro- weight for we have made the Island venience of plan those already filed against what it is to-day. Without us Bar space. The jud ad construction. Mr. John narbor must have remained essenti- Boston and New of New York and Bar Har ally in the very early days. that a committee of If any number of those feeling as I do $200 FOR SCHOOL The prizo winn photographs are thise citizens of Mt. Desert were to withdraw, the business inter- Boston at 11 Beac with Mr. Rockefeller ests of the Island would shrink at once. taken from there further road developments. I understand that the new Rocke- delphia, Chicago of these gentlemen follow: feller Road is possible only as a whole. Smoothness in Management and cities for exhibitio To this I am most strongly opposed. Prof Edward S. Dana's Letter What my reasons are T need not say Complete Mastery of Details the winter they will House Beautiful Yale University, since I have already called myself a Evident--Dance New Haven, Conn. nature lover. Also these reasons have been fully presented by those who Final receipts of the second ar.nual SANTA CLAUS December 6, 1930. ditor. have already expressed themselves in Ritzy Revel of the high school will BAR Times, your columns exceed two hundred dollars according The National Park System was es- to Manager Fred Roberts. The entire Maine. WIII Visit Shop tablished (1872) to preserve the proceeds of the big indoor fai: will be used for establishing a high school ning Nex natural beauty of certain rare spots allow me to add my con- in our country I raveled myself band. The event, held last Friday the discussion now being through the first National Park afternoon and evening, was an unqual- Santa Claus ha in regard to the develop. Yellowstone-in 1875, three years ifled success from the str.ndpoint of Bar Harbor Boar the Acadia National Park after it was established. the school and from that of the many will be here in p by Mr. Rockefeller. To carry through the present Rocke guests who attended the two sessions. and every afterno early youth I have been a feller plan in the Acadia Park would In the evening a most successful Christmas, doing and this has guided my violate every principle of the National dance was held in the Casino. ping in the local various regions, some of Park system. The development has As aides to Fred Roberts, each class nouncement is of resemblance to our Island, had its assistant manager. Charlotte ren who will find gone far enough already to meet all and the British Columbia Smith, manager for the senior class, him their Christi interests. interest in the forests, lakes mountains of Maine began in Very truly yours, Beryl Wilbur, of the juniors, Mar- stead of writing Edward S. Dana. guerite McKay, sophomore, and have had to do when for six summers I had Fted Ames of the freshman class years. In his Lripsvin the Rangeley Lake aided the general manager to make old chap said that Now for thirty-six consecu- Mr. John S. Rogers' Letter this revel the largest yet. Each class here all day, but altimers three months each- also had a special committee to aid in duties elsewhere Levilled at Seal Harbor. What this 44 Wall, Street, the decorating and to get the booths possible for him meant to me in health and happi- New York. constructed and decorated. A small the afternoons an let be understood by every sum- December 4, 1930. army of students transformed the While his com conditiont J have no hesitation in Editor, Bar Harbor Times, Casino into a mighty pretty place, with mystery, it what our Island offers in Bar Harbor, Maine. and obtained goods to be sold in the that he is leaving gorating summer climate, Dear Sir: booths. The senior committee for the in their warm st Libity of its forests, lakes, moun- I have been reading with much in- soliciting, decorating and ticket sales his visits on the and the splendid ocean, is un- terest the letters that you have been was composed of Charlotte Smith, mas, and he may world elsewhere. publishing in the Bar Harbor Times, Carroll Woodworth and Marguerite automobile or sub gradual development of the in relation to the proposed motor Carter. Donald Johnson and Helen is that the old old Date Star Surgert, Sea Cliff and road which Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Haraden were the members of the appearance in the Montale Driwn has been interesting Jr., has so generously offered to build junior committee; Agnes Morrison, bor next Saturday many respects encouraging for Acadia National Park. The Donald Moon and Shirley Dodge ised, and everyo also in the improvement main question I think to be kept in were the sophomore committeemen, keeps his promise wereads and in many local chang- (Continued on page 6) (Continued on page 8) (Continued I / 26 Broadway New York December 10, 1930 Dear Mr. Simpson: I thought I asked you last fall to make a survey of the plot of ground near Jordan Pond both sides of the Jordan Pond highway, taking in the horse gates which I have asked Mr. Atterbury to design in connection with a lodge house to be put on the northeast corner of the highway. Mr. Atterbury does not seem to have received this survey. If it has gone astray, please send me a copy; if it never was made, please make it at your early convenience and send it to me. It should run back along the horse road on the east side 100 feet from the highway and north from the horse road alongside of the highway 200 feet; on the west side of the highway it should run over to include my present Jordan Pond gate. Very truly, John I Mr. Paul D. Simpson, Seal Harbor, Maine. VOLUME X $4, YOUR Bar Harbor Men Favor Build- ing Park Motor Road Mr A. I. Higgins and Lieut. Haskell H. Cleaves E press Approval of Project i Letters to THE TIMES Makes Personal Vidto to Bar Hate Unanimous Vote bor Stores and Tollo TIMES lowe Report of THE Times has this week received lungs, there is the exultation of striv- Reporter AT About Them tee Headed letters discussing the motor ing and accomplishment. But are Next Me that Mr. John D. Rockefeller, there not many others, among our Santa Claus/arrived in Bar Harbor bill offered to build for Acadia saman residents, permanent resi- st Saturday, and in an exclusive in- A large meetifi Park The first letter is from dents, and visitors, to whom, through terview with a representative of The Kirk Post, Amer Naskell Hadley Cleaves, U. S. the infirmities of old age or ill health, Times he stated that never before in enthusiastically Harbor young man, gradu- the pleasures of walking and climb- his life had he seen a more complète inaugurate a Bu West Point and now on ing, with their rewards, are denied? stock for Christmas than that carrier for the Post. Th Davix, Canal Zone. The Would it not be extremely selfish of by Bar Harbor merchants for the climax to more the lotter P from Mr. A. L. Higgins usto deny them the beauties of Na- convenience of local shoppers, and cussion of the pr Harbor's oldest citizens ture which are within their reach? expressed the greatest pleasure at the spired by those on the early history Should we offer any opposition or fine Christmas tree prepared under the Post who were for Both Mr. Higgins and objection to a project which makes auspices of the Bar Harbor Board of tend the Nation am decidedly in favor these wonderfully beautiful vistas Trade. Numerous small children Boston, where mo membering Mr. Rockefeller and available to them? awaiting the sleigh which brought cent of the posts arrying out the program Santa Claus into town formed the Then, too, if this road is built, as I musical organizati with I-land development that sincerely hope it will be, our paths and nucleus of a numerous retinue, which Bar Harbor Post slatined. The letters fol- climbs will still be there, unharmed grew to mob proportions as the tour of advised twenty p and unsullied. che shops begant Commenting on the no band or other various stores visited in the course of meeting, Comma Also, in the case of many of our flaskell Cleaves' Letter his tour, the good St. Nicholas said dressed the gath permanent residents, the demands of that for variety and amount, the mer- men, as did Emm Fort Davis, .Z. their businesses or professions in both chandise stocked by Bar Harbor representative of November 30, 1930. time and physical and nervous expen- merchants was the greatest which he musical instrumen diture do not permit them to take the had even seen naturally been more than a various paths. To them, Bar Harbor Stopping at H. S. Nison and Sons, The action spons tedlin the controversy con- is their home. They have no other to get a pair of gloves, Santa said Drum Corps follo places in the world to which they go supper. The com propoard new road which that the variety of their stock, and has RO generously for months at a time. They and the entertainment the reasonable prices on the items should In the last Times their forbears are Bar Harbor, have made it seem extremely improbable ard, "Tige" Cast, recolved I read particularly made and are making Bar Harbor. Farland. that any shopper would go to other Mr. Warwick Scott. I Their busiest time of year is in the towns. Santa couldn't stay long, but Following the re most of his premises, but summer time. Long, busy hours are said he would be there all Saturday, committee on the PM more repects of the spent at their occupations. With these December 20. Arriving at M. Frank- ject, given by Olive hand be considéred lest an roads that are being built, these peo- lin's, Santa said that the various de- the committee W fusion be drawn. ple are able to enjoy the God-given partments were well stocked, and project after an exh beauties which surround them, and eighteen years, summer mentioned especially the fine Christ- entire plan, twent enjoy them as part of their relaxation werespent in Bar Harbor. mas luggage, saying that these would the Post stated th from their work and business cares. years, four at West be just the things for that boy or girl become members test in various parts of As to the "intelligence" of the con- going back to college, after the holi- George Berry, of l'ahamx, I have been ceptioh of these roads mentioned by days, and commenting on the other Bank, stated that Bar Harbor physically Mr. Scott. The beneficences of Mr. departments by saying that they were one unit of the corr the but there is not n Rockefeller in all parts of the world the most reasonably priced in years. strument and one it that 1 do not enjoy Bar and the many years of work of Mr. Dorr in bringing the Acadia National On his Pay down street, Santa saw a followed by Clare mentally, Everything that big red mackinaw that he thought said that he would 15 of the greatest inter- Park to its present state, presuppose wellare of Bar Harbor (to me, without question) a very high would go well with his type of beauty, members volunteer degree of intelligence, foresight, and a so he went into Kurson's to price it. footsteps of these le the Here he found the price so reasonable that the Corps will peaks of the joy of the careful and thorough consideration of that be bought two, one for himself in the immediate fu one who Kazee upon all factors. and one for his hired man. The large Harry Benedict they and its Islands or When my E. T. F. S. (Expiration assortment of neckties, suits and over- man of the enterta: kuiting scene from Tour Forezin Service) comes, Sept. coats was just what he wanted, so he and Dr. John B. fitains, gained after toil 26. 1931, may God speed the trans- ordered Buster to get him some for by the Commande agree enthumiantically! port on which I return to the States use in Bangor. capacity. The mee youthr health, sound- that I may the sooner see again Mt. Passing down to the Battery Ser- another supper at trength of heart and (Continued on page 2) (Continued on page 4) (Continued 26 Broadway New York December 30, 1930 Dear Mr. Simpson: Your letter of December 20th, enclosing a tracing of the proposed outlet at Hull's Cove to the horse road from Paradise Hill, is received. Am I right in assuming that this is the layout which we originally worked out and agreed upon? From the drawing it would appear that the route is a very intricate one to get from Paradise Hill Road to Eden Street. Am I r ght in assuming that the circuitous line going north up the valley overlooking Breakneck Brook and then down along the Brook is necessary in order to get a did we satisfactory grade? If this is not the case, it would follow that route because it uses existing horse roads for much of the way. Is a much more direct route from Paradise Hill to the same outlet at Hulls Cove possible with a good grade? Please give me further information on this matter at your convenience. Very truly, John D. Rochefelly Mr. Paul D. Simpson, Seal Harbor, Maine. Page 1 of 3 Cylinder No 3, page 1 dnesday evening, February 1st, In Greek, which I could not read at all at first, but soon brought back to the point which I had reached before when I gave it up at college so long ago, I began when? at once,with a good dictionary at hand, with Homer's C. 1930 Odyssey, which I particularly wishe d to read and had not been willing to read in translation or wi th the aid of others which hampers always one's full appreciation of the original, which, save in matters of artistry, one d 063 get, I think, in its full spirit, when one works things out for oneself, gaining gradually, I read the whole Odyssey through and read it thoroughly. Then I turned to the Iliad, which I by no means liked so well as literature but found interesting along another angle, tt which Gilbert Murray, the Greek scholar of Oxford, who had made the subject of the Iliad his own and written adelightful book upon which (The Rise of the such Epic, 1907, Oxford) I had earlier read, had pointed out in the evidence it gives of actual construction with different elements of time involved in its 'patched-up' parts and the development of civilization which they show - or perhaps the development from (I should m y ret her - and which, quite evidently, 2. Cy1 3, page 2 I felt, represent in large part a much earlier period than that exhibited in the Odyssey's which forms/ also quite evidently a connected whole, a story as we know it. At the period the Odyssey was written, e verything beyond the Ionian Isles in the Adriatic was a region of one mystery to the composer, the bard, of mystery and dread. So t hat one at least can date it at not later, at latest, more, than the 8th century probably,before Christ -- when Greek trade from the Aegean sea began its rapid development to (look up with me the name of the city west of Naples) who re the earliest Christian colony was, along the western coast of Italy or on the island pt through the straits of Messina, or along the sout heastern coast of Italy. The Iliad is in large part quite evidently much earlier than the Odyssey, representing with later alteration not d Afficult to recognize at least in part, a far more barbarous and savage and less idealistic stage of human development. It be ft, on the hole, a rather painful impression on it, best it too I read thoroughly to the and. Cyl 3 page 3 I then turned to Assayina Aeschylus, whom I much wished to read in certain plays and read them too without encountering though much difficulty, XE no doubt losing many of the finer points, not all of which can be grasped now by any means of modern shholarship, of grecian dramatic art in this great period. The Witk one play remaining to us, which I wish to read beyond all others was Prometheus Bound, one of the greatest in imagination and creative art the world at any time has known. W.0.51 Acadia Details of home t ground of Suph George B. Dorr. arno B. Commerce 1930 GBD occupation (1930 census) creator Form 7024 State name Incorporated place B30 Harbor DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE-BUREAU OF THE CENSUS Enumeration District Na. 5-4 Start No. Class FIFTEENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES: 1930 289 County Hancocie Ward of city Block No. POPULATION SCHEDULE Supervisor's District No. 3 22 A Township or other division of county Unincorporated place Institution Enumerated by life. 25 me on - - - Individual (Eased any 1030, Mayord Princi PLACE OF ABODE HOME DATA PERSONAL DESCRIPTION EDUCATION PLACE or BIRTH MOTHER TOWAR (OR NATURE CITIZENSHIP. erc OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT VERTIFIED NAME LANGUAGE OF FOREIGN BOEN RELATION of each person where place of about 00 Place of birth of each person resumented and of his or ber peresis. 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