MountDesertIsland Biological Laboratory/Harpswell Lab In TOBER 16, 1915 THREE CENTS A COPY NUMBER 67 TBALL TEAM LOT IS PURCHASED WILL ORGANIZE A FOR LABORATORY BOARD OF TRADE Part Payment on Salis- Strongly Favored in Cit- bury Cove Land izens' Discussion STILL ANOTHER MEMORIAL BHT Monument Being Erected At Wood- bury Park To Memory Of Late Charles How 10-16-1915 The permanent establishment of a base for marine biologic study at Salis- bury Cove as a memorial to the late Dr. S. Weir Mitchell is now assured by PAGE / the partial payment of the purchase (OL 6 price for the old Benjamin Emery lot, formerly owned by Charles F. Paine and Ceylon Emery, as a site. Friends of Dr. Mitchell have contributed suffici- ent funds for a payment to bind the deal and the committee in charge of the pro- ject hope to be able to raise enough more to place the land in the keeping of the a share in the discussion of the evening, Sieur de Monts Arboretum a corpora- as did also that of the advantage of tion formed in affiliation with the Trustees having an 18-hole golf links here open Coach Dyer of Public Reservations-for the estab- to the public and of helping to support Kichardson, It Atcherson, le lishment of a base for marine biologic the movement. work in the northern waters of the Gulf H. D. Wakefield, who was elected of Maine. The announcement will be Mrs. Wilson Mayo and Mrs. J. A. Guth- chairman of the meeting on Saturday gladly received by the public which will night, again presided and appointed rie. thus forever be afforded access to the The entertainment committee as ap- E. B. Harvey as secretary.. Disposal I shore or landing from it. pointed by the Ladies Aid was Mrs. was first made of the matter of taking The lot purchased is that of some 80 Roscoe Eddy, Mrs. Thomas White steps with the view to having the high- acres adjoining the schoolhouse property. and Mrs. H. R: Wilson, but the latter way between Ellsworth and Bangor The anchorage is secure from every gale 3 was out of town. On the decorating improved and placed in better condition and the waters bordering on it are the 3 committee were John Taylor, Clarence before the opening of the tourist season deepest inshore waters of the island's of 1916 which occupied the attention Dow and Mrs. Wilson Mayo. northern shore. of the Saturday meeting. On vote of 3 Another memorial in this vicinity the house, Mr. Wakefield appointed e BUY NORTHEAST COTTAGES is the monument now being erected at John Stalford, James Shea and Dr. S Woodbury Park at the junction of George A: Phillips as a committee to 1 W. F. Cochran Buys Lot With Inten- Cleftstone and Highbrook Roads to r join with Ellsworth in the movement tion Of Building There the late Charles How, uncle of Mrs. and if they deem it wise, to go to Portland e Ernest Schelling and of W. P. Draper and bring the matter to the attention g William F. Cochran of Baltimore, Md., and Samuel Bates. The monument, of the governor and chairman of the state r who has for many years been a member designed by William Ordway Partridge, highway commission before the meeting of the Bar Harbor summer colony, and one of Bar Harbor's summer residents, of the council, it being understood d William Draper Lewis of Philadelphia will bear a, bronze tablet and is being that they should pay their own expenses y and Northeast Harbor, have purchased erected from funds collected by Augustus d Charles Pineo then suggested that adjoining lots of land at Northeast Gurnee, a friend of the late Mr. How. It Bar Harbor needs a Board of Trade d Harbor on Somes Sound near the golf will be a fitting tribute to his memory. to take up such work as that of the even- e links where they will build cottages. Many now remember Mr. How by ing. He spoke of work accomplished by r. Henry Baine, Jr., of Philadelphia, calling the park given by him to public the old Board of Trade and gave it the e who occupied Near-Woods at Northeast purposes after his name, but Mr. How credit for securing the new post-office S. Harbor this summer, has bought the named it "Woodbury Park.") building, also for having a horse show. :0 Daniel Manchester place. there and will He suggested that a committee be ap- of remodel it for his occupancy pointed to investigate the advisability r. Joseph C. Fraley has bought the Holi- board of and that if S. Weir Mitchell HIS LIFE AND LETTERS BY ANNA ROBESON BURR V DUFFIELD & COMPANY NEW YORK CITY 1929 : Holl portrait of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell Draft : Version 1. One of the things in which I have tekon the greatest interest, the Park has been the Xarine Biological Laboratory at Salisbury 1 The Hount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. In searching for 8 good wharfage for our transit company, when we had been threatened with a trolley Line upon our Ellsworth Road, in 1907, I had purchased for it K ultimatel took over myself, the old lava point by Emery Cove and this led M to acquaintance with the more extensive lave flow and points upon its eastern side which interested MO ###1### as well ao its projection into a deep channel of the bay. I found that this was the old Thomas Emery farm, part of the Emery district in the Island's earlier days with the old Emery graveyard on it and Libosas the old/Emary farmhouse. The farm, the older generation gone, mo for salo I found but one does not see the beauty of the situation from the roadway running past it, the boom was over and there were none to purchase it. The matter slopt in ET mind, Than game Dr. S. Hoir litchell's death and there was talk among his MANT friends at Bar Harbor of putting up some Bemorial to him on the Village Green - a very muttle proceeding I thought it and proposed that some- thing really interesting be done instead, Dr. Kitchell had been one of the executive 60 littee of the Carneige Institution at Washington and had told me of the interest he took in the Harine Biological Laboratory it had established at Key West, Florida, and of the work which was being done there, This subject was one in which I took great interest myself and I proposed instead of the mont ent upon the Village Green a fund be raised to purchase the 01₫ Emery Fax at Salisbury Cove with its good wharfage opportunity, its picturesque character, its old fair shouse and the pure water off it coming in ########!!!!! a deep continuous channel from the open sea, water HIHI not liable ever to be contaminated and fit for scientific work, as Eastport had been where the elder for a time had DES worked I talked it over with Dre Robert Abbe and no becazie enthusiastic over it.. Together we drafted an appeal for funds and got them, some eight thousand dollars, sufficient for the purchase of the farm, It could have been sold SOOD after for & much larger au le That chance brought B into contact with Dr. icthyologist at Princeton University and the biologist in charge of the Carneige Institution 3. work at Key west which Dr. Xitobell told mo of and of his interest 1. it, I got him down to look our tract over and report upon its fitness. This was in the summer of 1916. 'I was In Washington when he came but my house was open and one my friends who had a power boat well adapted for such use took him out to dredge and make the study of our waters, Then I returned with the Siour do Monts National Nomment established and Dr. Maker was present and spoke at the meeting held at the Building of ARMS in celebration. Ho told at the meeting of the purpose of his coming and the great opportunity we had for carrying on' under the best condition and important biologic study, comparable to the work be had hinself been doing at Key Test and that instituted by Professor on the Cape Cod Shore, representing an ooean climate differing radically from each other and ow own. echoed back to Princeton and I presently got a lotter from Dro, Omlrich Dahlgron, Prof. of Marine Biology at Princeton University, telling me of an organisation incorporated several years before for doing similar work on Casco Bay and suggesting it would be a pity to divide the interest. I answered that I quite 4 agreed but that/I thought the best course would be for them to Join us at Salisbury Cove where the conditions were better and more permanently assured than they possibly could be at Gasoo Bay. A meeting with their corporation followed the following autum. I agreed to turn over to them, incorporated under the title of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory with headquarters at the S. Weir Nitchell station at Salisbury Cove, a fund sufficint for their moving down with their equippent and for establishing wharfage and some simple buildings on the Enery land and work began the following symbor. It had had to be carried on by annual contributions, with no endowent fund but/bad dontinued now for nearly twenty years with constantly increasing interest and should continue permanently. for the work to endless. The Laboratory is a place for study and investigation, not for teaching. It is a research laboratory devoted to the advancement of our knowledge in a field that exhibits earliest forms of life which we have knowledge of and something of 11fe's progress since in the multitudness invortbrae form which it has taken on. The workdrop at the Laboratory a number of them now have homes of their own at Salisbury Cove where they or the association have bought land, 2. some monument was proposed upon the Village Green, I suggested that something of living interest might better be created instead. Dr. Mitchell, an intimate friend always at our house in earlier days, had been one of the executive committee on the board of trustees of the Carnegie Institution at Washington and had told me, with great interest, of the work that they were doing at a marine biological station established by the institution at Key West, off the coast of southern Florida. This was a matter which had interested me greatly, and what I proposed should be done in Dr. Mitchell's memory was the purchase of the old Emery farm at Salisbury Cove, with its uniquely favorable opportunity for such research, its picturesque character and inter- esting old house, for the establishment of similar work, when funds for it could be found, in our northern waters, fed by the pure Arctic current, in striking contrast to that of the station in which Dr. Mitchell had been SO much interested at Key West. 3. The idea took root. Dr. Robert Abbe, equally beloved and with his own beautiful home at Brookend, where the water of Duck Brook comes down to meet the date? sea, took hold of it with enthusiasm, writing an to 1914 eloquent appeal, and funds were raised before the summer ended that enabled us to buy the land. I for Every held it as trustee for several years, awaiting oppor- boy tunity to carry out the plan. In the spring of 1916, being then in Washington seeking acceptance by the Government of our National Park land, I wrote, after consulting with the President of the Carnegie Institu- tion, whom I had interested in our project, to Dr. Alfred Mayer, professor of Ichthyology -- fish life -- at Princeton, who had had charge of the work the Institution had been doing at Key West and asked him to come down and be my guest at Bar Harbor, toward the end of June, to look our opportunity over from the biologic point of view and make report upon it. He accepted and had already arrived at Bar Harbor when I returned from Washington, later than I had expected but with the National Park, in its first form as a National Monument, secured. 5. A meeting at Princeton followed the next winter, the plan was approved, and a sum raised sufficient for the cost of the r emoval from Casco Bay to Salisbury Cove and the establishment there of a joint enterprise upon a simple basis, with a boat for collecting, tanks for the study of specimens, and a pump with hard rubber fittings inert to chemical action of the ocean waters to supply water from the deep, pure channel off Emery Point. The first start was made in the summer of 1922, now sixteen years ago and every summer since work of the most interesting and varied character has been conducted at the Laboratory, research work only being carried on. Lands adjoining along the shore have been purchased for housing by the Association and by individual workers, and a colony has been established founded upon a common interest in biological study. The library has grown, a better boat has been secured and the buildings en- larged. The way lies open for carrying on a permanent work of continuously increasing value. [G.B.DORR] of 18 SIEUR DE MONTS NATIONAL MONUMENT SIEUR DE MONTS NATIONAL MONUMENT natural history. This occasion would have been incomplete unless we had been enabled to hear from one of these scientific of the new National Park, tells me he has noted more than experts. I present to you Dr. Alfred G. Mayer, Director of 140 species of birds during his residence at Bar Harbor, a the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institu- wonderful list for any single area. Fully a hundred of these tion of Washington. are land birds, many of whom will soon become delightfully tame under the Nation's kindly and protecting care. The DR. ALFRED G. MAYER rest are wanderers along the coast and strangely interesting, often, in form and habit. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: The scientific study of this region is singularly rich in There is something essentially American in this gift to interest in many fields, with its fascinating geologic history, the Nation, American in the sense that it must ever remain its glacial scars upon the ancient rocks, its grand fjord, stimulating and constructive in regard to the character of its Somes Sound, its splendid sea-cut cliffs and deep ravines; recipients, never arresting as SO often were the gifts of older while the forest, with its "murmuring pines and hemlocks," times. Yet was it an English friend of our land, Smithson- its golden autumn foliage and dark green spruces, its density a lover of freedom and a man of noble dreams-who first and interesting forest floor, is to me in its wild state the most established this modern form of giving in our country, when attractive in the world. he bequeathed to it in his will funds for the establishment of Alone among the nations we possess a coast line extend- the Smithsonian Institution. ing from the pine trees to the palms, from the gray and all but At first men feared the very breadth of possibility it arctic waters of Maine to the sparkling blue sea of Florida's opened; but a great and leading spirit, Joseph Henry, so Gulf Stream. shaped this possibility into definite achievement that today Our Government has, strangely, never established a no other single agency for the advancement of science upon permanent laboratory north of Cape Cod for our fisheries' this continent has succeeded SO largely in constructive work benefit, yet no richer or more promising field for biological as the Smithsonian. How fortunate you are, then, in having work exists than that offered by these fruitful northern similarly, as founders of this present enterprise, two other waters, nor a more desirable and practical station for such great and leading spirits-our famous and distinguished work than that offered by the tract of sheltered and deep- chairman, Charles W. Eliot, and his far-sighted associate in watered coast at Mount Desert now dedicated to the mem- this project, George B. Dorr. ory of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. For it is a project that contemplates far more than its How deeply we need more information respecting our mere gift of land, important though that be. fisheries is all too evident. Why was it that in 1911 our To Natural Science this gift, carried to its completion fishing fleet obtained not more than one quarter of its usual according to the plans now made, should prove inestimable; and expected catch of Cod? Think of the millions that and it is as a naturalist that I must look upon these beautiful might be saved, the loss and misery averted, could we but forests with their soft green moss and clustering ferns, and predict the fisheries catch as we now do the crops on land. on the old gray rocks that bear SO rich a growth of lichens. In Norway, where the study of the practical problems of the But it is a meeting ground not of floras only; both the sea has made more headway than with us, they are able even Canadian and Appalachian faunas. meet here too, and SO to predict in accurate measure the seasonal growth of trees rich in bird life is it that Mr. Henry Lane Eno, ornithologist along the coast, and to determine ahead the earliness or late- ness of the spring by observing the temperature of the neigh- 20 SIEUR DE MONTS NATIONAL MONUMENT SIEUR DE MONTS NATIONAL MONUMENT 21 boring ocean waters. Similarly a relation has been dis- covered between the abundance of those floating plants, the contamination by Bar Harbor or other sewage; and your in- diatoms, and the fluctuations of the herring in the North Sea. tended station there, with its well protected anchorage and Many a problem of vital import to our race awaits the ready access to the sea, constitutes a far better site for a solution of these ocean problems, and the science of marine laboratory than any one of those now occupied by our Fish biology, with all the advance that it has made, is yet but in Commission at Woods Hole, Beaufort, or Key West; for, good its infancy. as these sites are in some respects, none of them are imme- Let us hope that the guiding spirit of this foundation, diately adjacent to the pure waters of the open ocean. George B. Dorr, and his wise counsellor, Dr. Eliot, may be The tide-pools are far richer in marine life than those of given opportunity to establish it safely upon this larger basis, Newfoundland and compare favorably with those of East- now that its first and hardest stage has been completed, and port, Maine, before that region became contaminated by to continue the undertaking in like spirit to the past till a sewage. The marked variety, too, in the character of the priceless heritage be secured to future generations, in an en- shore, with its rocky tide-pools, its muddy or gravelly beach- during opportunity for important work in a locality so fa- es, its luxuriant growth of Fucus, Laminaria and other sea vorable. weeds, and the shade of the well-developed sea-caves in the cliffs, are all of them important factors, rendering the site PRESIDENT ELIOT superior to that of Newport in its best days for a Marine Laboratory. The address to which we have just listened contains so The surface "tow" showed that the floating life is that of many points of interest, SO much of science and suggestive the cold Shore Current which creeps down our coast from the thought, that we must all hope that we may be enabled to Gulf of St. Lawrence to Cape Cod, and of which a remnant read it. It ought to be printed for wide circulation. even reaches Cape Canaveral in Florida. Now, in August, This congratulatory meeting is now ended. We part the animals are sub-arctic in character, but in the spring and with rejoicing in our hearts at what has been accomplished, early summer I should expect to find many truly arctic forms and I am sure also with strong hope that the good work will maturing rapidly in the warming waters around Bar Harbor. be vigorously carried forward. Curiously, our Government has never established a perma- nent laboratory for the study of the sea north of Cape Cod, yet this region is that of the Cod and Haddock fisheries par The following letter received from Dr. Mayer since the excellence, and, with the exception of the oyster, nearly every meeting is published here as adding, by a fresh expression, great fishery centers off the New England Coast north of to the already great interest of his address. Cape Cod. Thus your intended laboratory on Mt. Desert would meet a long-felt want. Gloucester, Mass., August 28, 1916. With our Country's past history in marine exploration, Dear Mr. Dorr: with such names behind us as Maury, Boche, and the Agas- During my recent stay with you at Oldfarm I was able sizs, father and son, we should not now be content to permit to inspect the shores and to make surface hauls in the waters the little nation of Norway to surpass us; yet this it has done, surrounding Mt. Desert. The tests I made show clearly and able as our men of science are they are powerless in the that the water off Salisbury Cove is practically free from absence of support for such researches. It is a great work, accordingly, that you and the public- Hall of Fame: A.G. Mayer Page 1 of 4 Hall of Fank A.G. Mayer Atlas Science Australia & Library Education Biographical info Name: Alfred Goldsborough Mayer: later in life, he changed the spelling of his name to Mayor, because of Anti- German sentiment in the U.S. (info from R. Harbison, via BEMON). Born: 1868; Died: 1922 Photo not available PhD: Major Accomplishments: Best known among the cnidarian researchers for his 1910 monograph "Medusae of the World", he also worked on entomology. He studied under Alexander Agassiz, and together they explored the medusae of the Pacific aboard the Albatross, leading Mayer to publish many new species. http://www.medusozoa.com/agmayer.html 8/8/2005 Hall of Fame: A.G. Mayer Page 2 of 4 He did much work at the Tortugas Biological Station. Honorific taxa: Ectopleura mayeri, Petersen, 1990 [Cnidaria: Hydrozoa] Rissoina mayori Dall. 1925 Eutiara mayeri Bigelow, 1918 [Cnidaria: Hydrozoa] Melicertissa mayeri Kramp, 1959 [Cnidaria: Hydrozoa] Lobonema mayeri Light, 1914 [Cnidaria: Scyphozoa] Coeloseris mayeri Vaughan, 1918 Porites mayeri Vaughan, 1918 BIBLIOGRAPHY Agassiz, A. and A. G. Mayer (1898). "On Dactylometra." Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard University) 32: 1-11 + 13 plates. Agassiz, A. and A. G. Mayer (1898). "On some medusae from Australia." Bull. Mus. Compar. Zool. (Harvard Univ.) 32: 13-19, plates. Agassiz, A. and A. G. Mayer (1899). "Acalephs from the Fiji Islands." Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 32(9): 157-189, + 17 plates. Agassiz, A. and A. G. Mayer (1902). "Reports of the scientific research expedition to the tropical Pacific. U.S. Fish Comm. St. Albatross, 1899-1900. III. The Medusae." Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. 26(3): 139-176, 14 pls. Mayer, A. G. (1894). "An account of some medusae obtained in the Bahamas." Bull. MCZ 25(11): 235-242, pl. 1-3. Mayer, A. G. (1900a). "Descriptions of new and little-known medusae from the western Atlantic." Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll. 37: 1-9, Pls. 1-6. Mayer, A. G. (1900b). "Some medusae from Tortugas, Florida." Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard College 37(2): 13-82, + 44 pls. Mayer, A. G. (1901). "The variations of a newly-arisen species of medusa." The museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Science Bulletin 1(1): 1-27. http://www.medusozoa.com/agmayer.html 8/8/2005 Hall of Fame: A.G. Mayer Page 3 of 4 Mayer, A. G. (1904). "Medusae of the Bahamas." Mem. Nat. Sci. Brooklyn 1(1): 1-33, pl. 1-7. Mayer. A. G. (1906). "Medusae of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the Steamer Albatross in 1902." U.S. Fish Commission Bulletin for 1903, Part III.: 1131-1143, plates I to III. Mayer, A. G. (1906). "Rhythmical pulsation of scyphomedusae." Yearbook, Carnegie Inst. Wash. 4: 120-123. Mayer, A. G. (1906). "Rhythmical pulsations in scyphomedusae. I." Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 47: 64 pp. Mayer, A. G. (1908). "Rhythmical pulsations in scyphomedusae. II." Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 102: 113-131. Mayer. A. G. (1909). "The cause of rhythmical pulsation in scyphomedusae." Papers from the Marine Biological Laboratory at Tortugas. Publications of the Carnegie Institution at Washington 102: 115-131, 13 figs. Mayer, A. G. (1910). Medusae of the World. Vol. 1 and 2, the Hydromedusae. Vol. 3, The Scyphomedusae. Washington, D.C., Carnegie Institution. Mayer, A. G. (1912). Ctenophores of the Atlantic coast of North America, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. Mayer, A. G. (1912). "Temperature reactions of medusae." Science, N.S. 35: ? Mayer, A. G. (1914a). "Effects of temperature on tropical marine animals." Pap. Tortugas Lab. No. 183: 1-24. Mayer, A. G. (1914b). "The relation between the degree of concentration of electrolytes of sea- water and the rate of nerve-conduction in Cassiopea." Pap. Tortugas Lab. No. 183: 25-54. Mayer, A. G. (1914c). "The law governing the loss of weight in starving Cassiopea." Pap. Tortugas Lab. No. 183: 55-82. Mayer, A. G. (1915a). "Medusae of the Philippines and of Torres Straits. Being a report on the Scyphomedusae collected by the U.S. Fisheries Bureau steamer "Albatross" in the Philippine Islands and Malay Archipelago, 1907-1910, and upon the medusae collected by the expedition of the Carnegie Institution of Washington to Torres Straits, Australia, in 1913." Pap. Tortugas Lab. 8: 157-202, Pls. 1-3. Mayer. A. .G. (1917a). "Report upon the Scyphomedusae collected by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer "Albatross" in the Philippine Islands and Malay Archipelago.` Bulletin of the United States National Museum, Bulletin 100 1 (Part 3): 175-233. Mayer, A. G. (1917b). "Nerve-conduction in Cassiopea xamachana." Pap. Tortugas Lab. 11: 1-20. LINKS http://www.medusozoa.com/agmayer.html 8/8/2005 Page 1 of 2 Ronald Epp From: "Michael McKernan" To: "Ronald Epp" Sent: Thursday, May 08, 2003 2:33 PM Subject: Re: MDIBL Archve Query Dr. Epp, I have made inquiries, and all that we could share with you that you haven't already seen are the deeds and property transfers that essentially put MDIBL where it is today. The property transfers are signed by Dorr and, I believe, a Rockefeller. I'll be happy to show you the documents if you are interested. Michael McKernan Michael McKernan Director, Education and Conferences Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory PO Box 35/Old Bar Harbor Rd. Salisbury Cove, ME 04672 207/288-3605 P 207/288-9880 ext. 102 (direct) 207/288-2130 F www.mdibl.org on 5/6/03 11:38 AM, Ronald Epp at r.epp@snhu.edu wrote: Dear Mr. McKernan, I'm writing to inquire whether you might assist me in accessing archival documents relevant to the early histrory of MDIBL. For the past three years I have been researching the life of George Bucknam Dorr and have gathered many documents relevant to the early history of the MDIBL from the National Archives, the Rockefeller Archive Center, Jackson Laboratory, Acadia National Park and the historical collections at Harpers Ferry, as well as all of the MDI libraries and historical societies. I have also made extensive use of the MDIBL Centennial volume published a few years ago. A full length intellectual biography of Mr. Dorr is the goal. Would it be possible for me the access your holdings with an eye to dfetermining whether you are possession of relevant documents that have hitherto excaped my attention? I may also have copies of documents that might complete correspondance in your holdings for th period between 1920-40. I will be visiting MDI next week and would like to schedule a visit with you for Thursday or Frirday if that is convenient. 5/8/2003 THIS INDENTURE, made the twenty-second day of April in the 5/3/21 year of our Lord One Thousand Nine hundred and Twenty-one. WITNESSETH, That The Wild Gardens of Acadia, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Maine and located at Bar Harbor, Hancock County, Maine, in consideration of one dollar and other valuable considerations, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, does hereby lease, demise and let unto the Harpswell Laboratory, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Maine, and formerly located at South Harpswell, Cumberland County, Maine, a certain lot or parcel of land situated at Salisbury Cove in said Bar Harbor, bounded and described as follows: Beginning on the county road on the eastern line of land formerly of the Mount Desert Transit Company, now of said Wild Gardens of Acadia, it being also a corher of land formerly of Alston H. Leland} thence easterly, but always following said county road, to land now or formerly of Rebecca W. Edwards; thence northerly, by said land of said Edwards, to the northwest corner thereof; thence easterly, by the northerly line of said land of Edwards and a production thereof easterly, to land of Ceylon Emery, it being the western line of the lot known formerly as Giles Hopkins' lot; thence northerly, but always following said land of Ceylon Emery, to the shore of Frenchman's Bay; thence westerly, following the shore, to the northeasterly corner of said land formerly of said Transit Company, now of said Wild Gardens of Acadia, it being the northwesterly corner of land formerly of Benjamin Emery; thence southerly, but always following said land of the Wild Gardens of Acadia, to the county road, the place of beginning, together with the shore, or flats, in front of the parcel above described and between the same and Frenchman's Bay. The same to be used for the purpose of maintaining a laboratory and summer school for biological research, study and instruction, and for none other except as may be essential or important to the furtherance of such aim. And to be held so long as said lessee shall maintain actively and creditably said property as aforesaid. Should said lessee fail to maintain said property as afore- said for a period of two consecutive years, this lease shall, ipso facto, cease and become null and void without liability on the part of either of the parties hereto. And said lessee promises to make any and all repairs and improvements thereon, and to quit and deliver up the premises to the Lessor, or its attorney, peacefully and quietly at the end of the term afore- said, in as good order and condition (reasonable use and wearing thereof, or inevitable accident, excepted) as the same are, or may be put into by the said Lessor, and to pay all taxes duly assessed thereon during the term, and not make or suffer any waste thereof; and that it will not assign or underlet the premises, or any part thereof, without the consent of the Lessor in writing on the back of this Lease. And the Lessor may enter to view and make improvements and to expel the Lessee if he shall make or suffer any strip or waste thereof, or shall violate any of the covenants in this Lease by said Lessee to be performed. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have hereunto interchangeably set their hands and seals the day and year first above written. Signed, Sealed and Delivered The Wild Gardens of Acadia in Presence of were Dakigian By Guarge R. war Clara n. Perine President The Harpswell Laboratory By u.f Greenman Treasurer STATE OF MAINE Hancock 88: May 3 - 1921. Then personally appeared the above named Ingr Blm Privilent and acknowledged the foregoing instrument to be his free act and deed, and the free act and deed of said corporation, before me, Laudthodiel Notary Public. shale of Pennal their 55 Gomg of Consumer opposed before one, (the atmonamed m.g Greamman, Lew and acturouse dye) doc- current 1 be hi; act and aced, and and gess and hand real 100m 1812 ha, of 20 mg, 19.21 Epp, Ronald t H. Block MDIBL: 1921-22 Summary of initial findings October '21: Construction starts by Govt. on 4 mile long motor road to Cadillac summit. Survey for initial 4,000 foot road began August 1920 to an elevation of 519 feet above sea level. June 1922 : NPS Director Stephen Mather had instructed all National Park superintendents to prepare maps, estimates, and other data covering road projects to be submitted to Congress, attempting to apply an effective uniform method that would be congressionally effective. Asst. Director Arno Cammerer's report on road and trail system inspection of ANP recommended an extension of trails ( less demanding one's), a new route from Eagle Lake Road to Jordan Pond House as well as a route to the summit of Cadillac Mountain; the 4,300 foot section from Eagle Lake Roads to Cadillac Mountain Road was the first built, completed July 1924, the oldest section of Acadia's Historic Motor Road system. Enter Senator Pepper. Work on carriage roads on park property followed a method designed to avoid controversy. Jr. would choose a route, provide $ for engineering and road construction, while Dorr served as NPS official technically in charge of the work. While Jr. would prepare contracts for Dorr's signature, Dorr exercised a great deal of independence and this working relationship would be similarly followed with the motor roads. Financial stress. In July 1921 Dorr's indebtedness is considerable. He sells off real estate to reduce debts in excess of $85,000 at end of 1920 (source Harry Lynam to Jr. Dorr and Jr. had developed a system of roads and carriage trails with Jr. emphasizing the importance of construction proceeding equally from both north and south terminus, with Dorr doing the direct supervision of northern terminus. In August 1921 Jr. wrote four letters to Paul Simpson outlining a greatly expanded vision for the carriage road system in the Park, the fruits of the end of the War andc the great expansion of Jr.'s wealth: Carriage road circuit from Jordan pond Rd. to north end of Bubble Pond Connect Asticou-Jordan Pond Road at each end creating a circuit of Jordan, Sargent, Little Brown, and Cedar Swamp Mts. Connecting carriage road from above with eastern road along Eagle Lake Auto road from Eagle Lake Road to Jordan Pond Rd (Dorr's goal). Sept. 13, 1921 Annual Report. Stresses: Rapid advance of park in both territory & public recognition of its place in the National Park system page 2 Development of motorized camping will be "rapid." Most important event is "the establishment on [the Park] border, attracted by its presence, of what promises to become one of the great biological stations, marine and land, of the world." Ultimately it is "intended to cover every field of biology, animal and vegetable, represented on Mount Desert Island or in its neighboring ocean [which] will add an element of extraordinary scientific interest to the National Park." 1921 Annual Rpt. 9.12.21. 35 people offered boarding. Active cooperation of Town of BH re signage to Park and construction of bridle paths "leading to or extending those built or building in the Park." Cadillac Mountain Road survey & design work "under the direction of the superintendent" September 12, 1922 letter from Dorr to Jr. appreciative of "the work you have done constructively within the Park under the authority given through me by Secretary Lane when he was here in 1917 [which] is of the highest order in its thoroughness, its forward vision,, and its attention to the details that make or mar the beauty of a road or landscape." Dorr is giving Rockefeller authority to expand road system. Late September 1922, initiated efforts to exapand the Park beyond MDI to include John C. Moore Schoodic property. Complicated multi-year process. J. Wendell Burger, MDIBL Director 1947-54, refers to the lab as "a spin-off of the formation of Acadia National Park. " Moreover, Dorr was "no administrative fool, full of only philanthropic motives. He laid down strictures for MDIBL, whereby if the enterprise failed "he" could recover the tract." GBD is listed as a MDIBL Member and Trustee (1937-38). Seventeen properties bought by Dorr in 1921. How many were transferred to HCTPR? Bipolarity Issue? "Dorr was gregarious, outgoing, and had an impulsive streak which made him rush headlong into projects, oftentimes without a great deal of planning and forethought. This made him a perfect alter-ego for John D. Rockefeller Jr. To be certain, Acadia National Park owes its existence to the enthusiasm and tenacity of George Dorr. The human aspects of the story of the cooperation between these two bi-polar personalities makes the story of the park and the roads only more interesting. Even though their relationship was publicly cordial, it was often privately tense. However, they managed to lay aside their differences, and word toward a common goal, each recognizing and respecting the others commitment and affection for the landscape of Acadia National Park." page 3 [E. Foulds. "Historical Overview," Compliance Documentation for the Rehabilitation of the Historic Motor Roads, Acadia National Park, p. 7.]. In July 1924 Mather visited the Park and inspected the work in progress on the Summit road. He told Bar Harbor selectmen that he had thought that the supervisor for the construction of the Going-to-the-Sun Road in Glacier National Park had "had the last word in road construction without landscape marring.." After this visit he now believes that engineer Hill's work reflected the best efforts in road planning. He announced that he would convene a September 1924 meeting on MDI of all NPS engineers so that they could "sit at the foot of your chief engineer" and study the Cadillac Mountain Road approach where "the very minimuym of marring has been so well demonstrated. Interior Secretary Work arrived in the Park that summer and also praised the new road. March 28, 1924 hearing on behalf of Lafayette N.P. before Secretary Work. Dorr brought to Washington Maine Senators, Congressmen, the President of the U. of Maine (C.C. Little) VIA/VIS officers, Chamber o Commerce officials, Publishers, National Parks Association officials, regional attorneys-more than two dozen men and women supportive and seven other opposed to the road building program. Mountain naming activity, Spring & Summer, 1919. Who becomes Secretary of the Interior in 1920 (Lane departs)with the new Federal administration? The 1917 Rockefeller-Dorr plan regarding "a connected bridle path and driving road system extended across the Island from north to south" needs to be updated and resubmitted to Mather & Cammerer "while they still remain in control." Dorr to Jr. 7.2.20, follow up 9 page Dorr letter 7.22.20. In fall of 1920 Jr. terminated work on the Asticou-Jordan Pond Road because of opposition to the portion of the road which passed through the Amphitheater. Project would remain dormant for more than a decade. The principle fact which stands out above all others [during 1919-1920 ] is the creation of LNP, marking an "important new departure in park policy by the secretary of the Interior and the Director of the National Park Service" The first national park in the Eastern States and the first bordering on the Sea. [First Annual Report, 1920] MDIBL provides the opportunity for not only local applications of marine research but also serves as a foundation stone for the development of the marine sciences within the National Park Service (RHE) ! Other 1919-1920 objectives have been: Establishment of an office and administrative staff Organization of a Ranger Service Many notable individuals visit "New England's National Park, page 4 Including Frederick Law OImsted who was Dorr's guest at Old Farm Scientific inquiries by geologists, entomologists, ornithologists, climatologists, botanists, nd marine biologists Preparatory work to buld a graphic reference collection, to systematically organize photographic and other illustrative material for "a thorough landscape and physiographic study of the park as a whole." [Ranger Work in LNP, May 7, 1919]. Public Relations efforts in March 1920 where Town of BH voted unanimously to appropriate $6,500 for making others aware of the "town's new asset"-LNP, a "wholly new departure on the town's part." Dorr credits Mr. Hadley for this achievement due to his "clear understanding of national park ideals and opportunities [Dorr letter to Mather, 3.3.20]. Hadley succeeds Mrs. Daly in April as clerk-stenographer and Dorr argues for added compensation given other interpretative and administrative abilities. June 1920 letter from Senator Pepper delivered to G.B. Dorr requesting that road expansion stop. Even though Jr. Had authority to continue he gave it up because of Northeast Harbor opposition. Dorr Station 10, DAVID B. OGDEN AND OTHERS to THE HARPSWELL LABORATORY DEED STATE OF MAINE. HANCOCK SS. REGISTRY OF DEEDS Received at 9th Save 1.7,1923 marm and Recorded Book 575 Page 119 ATTEST is Giorge R.Hadlock Register B. Blanderson Portland 17 a X_ $ 110 This Indenture made this first day of January, in the Year of our Lord, one thousand nine hundred and twenty-three, by and between David B. Ogden and Mary E. Ogden his wife, and Harriet V. C. Ogden, All of the borough of Manhattan, City, County and State of New York, and Mary Ogden de Forest and Johnston de Forest both of Cold Spring Harbour in the county of Suffolk in the state of New York, parties hereto of the first part, and The Harpswell Laboratory, a Corporation created and existing by and under the laws of the State of Maine, party of the second part, WITNESSETH that the parties of the first part for and in consideration of the sum of one dollar to them in hand paid by the party of the second part and of the covenants hereinafter set forth of said party of the second part and in Memory of Gouverneur Morris Ogden and Harriet Verena Ogden, both now de- ceased, DO HEREBY REMISE, RELEASE, BARGAIN, SELL AND CONVEY, AND FOREVER QUIT CLAIM to the party of the second part, its succes- sors and assigns forever the following described premises sit- uated in the Town of Bar Harbor, County of Hancock, and State of Maine, to wit: all our right, title and interest in and to all and the same land described as conveyed in the warranty deed from Wm. H. Bunker and Mary A. Bunker to Margaret E. Evans dated October 30, 1886 and recorded in the Hancock County, Maine, Registry of Deeds in Vol. 210, Page 252, said land being in said deed described as follows: " A certain lot or parcel of land situated in said Eden at Otter Creek and bounded and described as follows to wit: 11 Beginning at a stone post the South east corner bound of lot of Eri L. Bunker; thence South 4° 35' East by West line of land of Leffingwell two hundred twenty nine and one half (2291 1/2 feet to a stone post in the North line of land of Robert L. Grindle; thence North 830 36' West but always following the North line of said land of Grindle five hundred (500) feet to the center of the town road; thence North 85° West but always following the North line of land of David Thomas six hundred and two (602) feet to an iron bolt at high water mark in the shore of Otter Creek; thence on same course to low water mark; thence by the line of low water mark. Northerly to a point bearing North 86° West from an iron bolt at high water mark in the shore of Otter Creek; thence South 86° East to said iron bolt which last mentioned iron bolt bears North 2° 50' West and is one hundred and ninety five and one-half (195 1/2) feet distant from the iron bolt first herein above mentioned; thence on same course by South line of land of Eri L. Bunker ten hundred and ninety (1090) feet to the place of beginning. Containing five (5) acres and twenty nine (29) square rods above mean high water mark. "Together with allibuildings on said lot and subject to the right of the public in the road now built and used across the same. To Have and to hold the same, together with all the privileges and appurtenances thereto belonging, to the said party of the second part its successors and assigns forever to be used for the establishment and maintenence of a Laboratory or Laboratories for biological study and research and to carry on other operations essential to and in furtherance thereof. And the said The Harpswell Laboratory, party hereto of the second part does here covenant and agree with the parties hereto of the first part to use the said premised for that pur- pose. And these presents are made upon the express condition that if at any time the party of the second part shall fail and neglect to use the said premises for the purposes aforesaid for the space of three successive years, then and in that case these presents and the estate hereby created shall utterly cease, determine and come to an end and the parties hereto of the first V part shall have the right to re-enter upon the premises hereby conveyed or on any part thereof in the name of the whole and to repossess, own and enjoy the same as of their former estate therein, any thing herein to the contrary notwithstanding. All the covenants and conditions herein contained shall bind and enure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective, heirs, executors, successors, and assigns. It is further understood and agreed that the operations carried on on the said premises shall be designated as "The Ogden Memorial". In witness whereof the parties hereto of the first part have hereunto set their hands and seals respectively and the party hereto of the second part has caused these presents to be signed in its name and behalf by its President and Secretary and its corporate seal thereto affixed the day and year first MAINS above written. THE HARPSWELL LABORATORY Edith R Crossland By H.D. Secior Fres. aste H.N. s. Edioin G. bonklin Sec. Signed, Sealed and delivered thing E 6 den in presence of Mary J. Whitewore as to S.B.O. Mr. E. as H.V.C.O. Harrich Vellyden many Ogden da forest Aubi Hyperion as a goed Ministra actount STATE OF NEW YORK, ss COUNTY OF NEW YORK. On this twenty-third day of December, 1922, before me per- sonally appeared MARY OGDEN de FOREST, to me known and known to me ma on to be, the individuals described in and who executed the foregoing instrument and she duly acknowledged to me that she executed the same. aubin 2 Heffernan MOTARY PUBLIC. KING COUNTY KINGS COUNTY CLERK'S No. 279 KHICE COUNTY REGISTER'S to. 3030 CERTIFICATE FILED IN NEW YORY Mo 309 NEW ICEX CO. REGISTER'S to 0000 COMMUSION EXPIRES MARCH 30, 1324 P 11 Deed Job people Wen mitchest reat STATE OF MAINE. HANCOCK, REGISTRY OF DEEDS Deceived at 9 h m. a M., and Recorded Dic ss. 13,1923 Book 584 Fage 226 ATTEST George R.Hadlock Register B , Sanderson ortland 13- a Such KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS: That The Wild Gardens of Acadia, a corporation organized and existing under the Laws of the State of Maine and located at Bar Harbor, Hancock County, Maine, in consideration of one dollar and other valuable con- siderations paid by The Mount Desert Island Biological Labora- tory, a corporation organized and existing under the Laws of the State of Maine, located at said Bar Harbor; the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, does hereby remise, release, bargain, sell and convey and forever QUIT-CLAIM unto the said The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, its successors and assigns forever, a certain lot or parcel of land situated at Salisbury Cove in said Bar Harbor, bounded and described as follows, to wit: Beginning on the county road on the eastern line of land formerly of the Mount Desert Transit Company, now of said Wild Gardens of Acadia, it being also a corner of land formerly of Alston H. Leland; thence easterly, but always following said county road, to land now or formerly of Rebecca W. Edwards; thence northerly, by said land of said Edwards, to the northwest corner thereof; thence easterly, by the northerly line of said land of Edwards and a production thereof easterly, to land of Ceylon Emery, it being the western line of the lot known formerly as Giles Hopkins' lot; thence northerly, but always following said land of Ceylon Emery, to the shore of Frenchman's Bay; thence westerly, following the shore, to the northeasterly corner of said land formerly 01 said Transit Company, now of said wild Gardens of Acadia, it being the nortiwesterly corner of land formerly of Benjamin Emery; thencesoutherly, but always following said land formerly of said Transit Company now of said Wild Gardens of Acadia, to the county road, the place of beginning, together with the shore, or flats, in front of the parcel above described and between the same and Frenchman's Bay. The above conveyance is made subject to the following conditions, to wit:- 1. That the Wild Gardens of Acadia be permitted to place and maintain DJ the public roadside near the main entrance, a bronze tablet secured upon a granite rock or boulder, rehearsing the history of the acquisition of the land and its gift to the Laboratory, and rehearsing also the memorial nature of the gift in association with the late Dr. S. Weir Mitchell of Philadelphia, whose name it shall bear as a station of the Laboratory, and its intended chief station; 2. That the said land shall not in whole or in part, be sold, conveyed, or leased without the consent of the Wild Gardens of Acadia formally expressed in writing; 3. That the ownership of said land shall revert to the grantor if for a period of three consecutive years it shall not be employed actively and creditably for the promotion of biological research. TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the same, together with all the priv- ileges and appurtenances thereunto belonging, to it the said The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, its successors and assigns, forever. And The Wild Gardens of Acadia does covenant with the said The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, its succes- sors and assigns, that it will WARRANT are FOREVER DEFEND the premises to the said Grantee, its successors and assigns forever, against the lawful claims and demands of all persons claiming by, through, or under it the said The Wild Gardens of Acadia. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the said The Wild Gardens of Acadia has caused its seal to be hereto affixed and these presents to be signed in its name and behalf by George B. Dorr, its President, this first day of December in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- three. Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of THE WILD GARDENS OF ACADIA By George B. Dow President. STATE OF MAINE. Hancock ss. Dec. / 1923. Then personally appeared the above named George B. Dorr, President, and acknowledged the foregoing instrument to be his free act and deed, and the free act and deed of said corpora- tion. Before me, Serenus B. Rodeck Notary Public. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE LAFAYETTE NATIONAL PARK BAR HARBOR, MAINE OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT November 13, 1924. Dear Dr. Eliot: I enclose the second portion of my paper of yesterday and will gladly furnish you with more, on other points, if you desire. The biological laboratory at Salisbury Cove -- now incorporated under the name of The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory and permanently established with full ownership of its land -- should be mentioned in any fresh account of the Island, bringing its story to date. The Laboratory is destined to grow into one of its most interesting and valuable features in my judgment, and one of its most notable. If you plan to say anything concerning the development and activities of the Park as park, or to speak upon the vexed controversy of roads, I should know of it and be given opportunity to say what is necessary. Sincerely yours, Dr. Samuel A. Eliot, 25 Beacon Street, Boston, Massachusetts. B. Dost THE BAR HARBOR *TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JULY 22, 1925 NORTH OF 36 PICTURES SAWTELLE WRITES THRILLS OF PIONEER DAYS MANY SCIENTISTS CO. OF MOUNT DESERT The journey of Columbus ecross the AT LABORATORY CH Atlantic in 1492 required no more courage than the trip made by the pioneers. of the south in their attempt to establish Dr. Dahigren Says 1925 Season Deals Interestingly with the 182 tment a definite trail between Texas and the Gives Promise of Being One Years from Champlain to Ber- Y railroads in Kansas. of Most Valuable nard: Some Brilliant Side Lights of Historical The first caravan traveling from the Gulf of Mexico to northern United Dr. Ulric Dahlgren of the Mount Significance part States faced fearful odds-Indians, car- Desert Island Biological Laboratory saye Complet Mount Desert, Champlain to Ber- pet-baggers, floods, fire, wild annimals, that the season of 1925, the fifth since and Oil nard is the title of a distinctly readable and more obstacles described in Emer- establishment on this Island, at Salis Agent f contribution to Sprague's Journal by son Hough's historical novel, "North of bury Cove, and the 27th season of and Old William Otis Sawtelle. To the summer 86" which Irvin Willat produced in work, promises to be one of the most Canbes or permanent resident of this Island picture form for Paramount. valuable. The laboratory had 24 years and to those in its immediate vicinity Like Columbus the first caravan had of work at South Harpswell before to whom the early days are of great no guide save the compass and stars. being moved to the Weir Mitchell interest, this review of events standing Nobody had ever been over the trail tract here. 17 We out in the light of history most clearly, before. Those who had attempted never In the list of research workers the RIES from the days when the French mariner returned to tell the tale. What hap- great universities of the country are Champlain sailed into the Bay in 1604 Spened, nobody ever knew. represented and there are 18 here in to the time when Sir Francis Bernard, In "North of 86" the first journey addition to Dr. Dahlgren to make up the in 1771, was given half the Island by from the south to the north is told list of distinguished men from various the English crown, is of highest value. upon the screen scene for scene as it parts of the country. Tel., G The introduction is finely written actually occurred sixty one years ago. As a result of last year's work eleven going back centuries and painting a Nothing has been left out, nothing added. papers have appeared in various scien- or, Maine delightful word picture of the days of The true story of the hardships and fic journals and many papers have been travelling the beautiful water ways of suffering of the brave band was 80 read before meetings of learned so- the Island and Bay in the birch covered thrilling that it required no change to cioties with lectures before various achieve the supreme in drama. audiences. The prospects along this canoe. Saint Sauveur is a picturesque chapter Prominent in the cast of "North of particular line are much better than Age in history and it is finely dealt with by 36" are Jack Holt, Ernest Torrence, last year. No classes are conducted Sawtelle's pen. Sir Robert Mansell Lois Wilson, the "Covered Wagon" girl, at the Laboratory this year. Ma purchased for $550 the whole Island of and Noah Beery. The scientists here are: Mount Desert. The article in this "North of 36" is the Star Theatre Dr. and Mrs. Warren H. Lewis of the section reviews the naming of the Island feature for Friday and Saturday. Adv. Carnegie Embryological Institute and as Mount Mansell. In 1638 when the Johns Hopkins University; Dr. C. C. VISIONS EDEN Arabella bearing colonists to Salem Plitt of Maryland University, Baltimore, made a landfall, Winthrop noted in his Dr. Robert Hance of the Rockefeller Mr. and Mrs. Roland Withee and We. Journal that it was at first thought to Institute of New York, Dr. Robert ROOR be Monhegan and he writes: "But it Mr. Ansil Withee of Bangor were Sunday Hegner of the School of Public Health was proved Mount Mansell," adding, guests of Mrs. Garland. of Johns Hopkins University, Dr. M. C. We had now fair and sunshine weather Mrs. Albert Dorr and children are Monten from Dr. George W. Crile's and SO pleasant a sweet air as did much with Mrs. Susie Gilbert for several Laboratories in Cleveland, Ohio, Dr. refresh us and there came a smell off weeks. Otto Glaser of Amherst College, Dr. the shore like the smell of a garden." Mrs. Ella Withee has been spending William Seifriz of the University of Certainly of Mount Desert Island there the past week with Mrs. M. C. Garland. Michigan, Dr. Carl Davis of Maryland was never a sentence more beautiful Mr. and Mrs. Percy Higgins from University, Mr. l'aul Acquarone of as Sawtelle has incorporated it. Massachusetts were in town recently. Brown University, Mr. Alexander Skutch 11 West Street There follows a section under a sub Helen Paine has employment at Long of Johns Hopkins University, Mr. George title Acadia, and the beauty of its Pond. Nichols of Harvard University, Dr. Roy writing is akin to the beauty and memo- Mrs. Susie Gilbert has opened a tea W. Miner of the American Museum, ries the name recalls. Sawtelle says room and has cooked food on sale at her New York; Mr. Frank J. Myers of the ler "La Cadie of the time of Henry IV and home. American Museum, New York; Mr. H. "TH of Sieur de Monts was more extensive Those at Beech Hill Lake report a K. Harring of the National Museum, (referring to the Arcadia of Evangeline) heavy shower about noon Sunday. Washington; Dr. L. Langdon of Goucher We and for a line along a parallel of latitude Mr. Tracy and Mr. Norton from College, Baltimore. give passing midway through the present Jonesport and Mr. and Mrs. Crocker In addition to these several of the select and children from Seal Harbor were trustees of the Laboratory are living aily from our Province of New Brunswick, and another parallel drawn about 43 minutes north Sunday guests of Mrs. Calvin Norton. on the island for the summer; Dr. H. servi W of cottages of Mason and Dixon's line would be Mrs. Byron Farnsworth and children D. Senior, Mr. William Procter, Dr. with Regular trips somewhat nearer the limits of the from Islesford are spending a few days H. V. Neal, Dr. D. S. Johnson, Mrs. T. Iveré arranged. territory over which Pierre du Guast with her parents. Bowen, Dr. W. H. Lewis and Professor piano was appointed Lieutenant General in Mr. and Mrs. Frank Andrews were Ulric Dahlgren. price 1603." in Otis Sunday. There is in this section of Professor SOMESVILLE Sawtelle's work many a sidelight on McKINLEY history, many a fact unknown even to Mrs. Irene F. Somes is at home from many a serious student of history which Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Kelley spent Boston where she has been teaching EBLE is brought out in a manner which appeals a part of last week in Dexter with their during the past year. not alone to the scholar but to those who son, Dr. Lawrence Kelley. James E. Young is visiting his grand- search in reading something of relaxation. Miss Gladys Ober of Bangor was the mother, Mrs. John McKinney at Surry The manner in which he deals with guest of Misses Lettie and Vola Robbins for a few weeks. dates is free from the style known as last week. Liston Richardson formerly of this es "dry as statistics. Every line Mrs. Fred Lawton was in Bangor village now of Boston with his family of his writing is one which takes the Wednesday of last week. were at this village on Sunday last, Dr. and Mrs. T. S. Tapley were visitors calling on old friends who were glad to him OFFICE OF JCHN c. ROCKEFELLER.JR. Maine June 18th 1928 Biog Lab. My dear Mr Jacksons You have been interested for several years in the Maine Biological Station which President Little organ- ised and conducted on life Desert Island for two or three -successive Summers, At your instance I was happy to join with you in making a small contribution towards this work. You and I have had some conversation in regard to the pos- sibility of the combining of this enterprise with the n Desert Laboratory, which has also been conditated on 14 Desert Island for some years. I have caused quite a full and careful study of these underbakings to be made by con- patent persons and received late Last year a comprehensive report on the situation which, although somewhat belated, I EM sending on to you feeling sure it will interest you. This I do for no other reason than that you be informed of the situation as 10 exists today. In view of Dector Little's transfer to the West I am told that the work of the Maine Biological Station has been seriously hampered and curtailed, $f not practically abandoned. The t Desert Laboratory in the meantime has undergone a recognization. Mr Frestor who was for some years the dominating factor having dropped out, Doctor Bumpus a setentist of national standing and reputation has taken the presidency of the Laboratory which is being operated in closest cooperation with Weeds Hole. The report, dated December, 1927, which I an enclosing, is signed by Mr Appleget, one of my associates. There is abtached to the report a letter dated November 30th, 1927, from Doctor Bimpus to Mr Appleget. These papers you are welcome to keep, If you se desire. By impression is the Mt Desert Laboratory as reorgan- ized is now on a sound basis and that it is worthy of the gen- arous support of all those interested in the premotion of bio- logical research and teaching. I am expecting to continue my contribution to the work and probably increase it. It may be that you and Mr Ford will find the enterprise one justifying your support. With certifical regards and looking forward to seeing you soon at Seal Barbor, I an, Very sincerely, Mr Roscoe B Jackson, Detroit, Michigan. OFFICE OF 340 JOHN D. ROCKEFEL. SH 1928 December 18, wee Dear Mr. Lynem; Eaw This is to confirm the following purchases which I have recently authorized at Seal Harbor and money to cover which my office is sending you: Purchase from Mr. Sam Candage, who has just made the purchase from Mr. Lynch, of Mr. Lyneh's house on the Jerdan Pood Road in Seal Harbor, the property on which it stands, also a smell treet of land which Mr. Lynch also owne opposite Mr. Mel Jardan's present residente; the not price being $5,500. This transaction I authorized you to consumate in conference with Mr. Searles of Bar Harbor, to whom Mr. Lyneh sent after having aloned the deal with Mr. Candage, and who is probably having deeds to Mr. Gandage prepared. Mr. Candage upon receiving the deed of the property, will deed it to me. Mr. Candage's commission on this purchase I am taking sare of. The second purchase is of 50 acres or more from Holmes & Allen in the Scaes Sound-Brown Mountain district, in the sum of $5,000.. the purchase having been made by Mr. Joy. Mr. Joy will be entitled to the usual #commission on this purchase. The third purchase, from Mr. Nathan Grindle, I authorize, being certain lots on the Jordan Pond Road for a net price of $750., the same having been negotiated by Mr. Raleton. There is no commis- sion in connection with this purchase. The fourth purchase is one recommended by Mr. Dorr, namely, what is known as the Karst land at Salisbury Cove. I understand the entire tract owned by Mr. Karst is to be purchased. I am willing that the Laboratory should have the house and the street frontage land and as much as they need for their purposes in the year, and will determine at my convenience what shall be done with reference to the balance of the back land. Mr. Dorr says that Dr, Bumpus quotes a price of $5,500. for this land. You thought $8,800. was the lowest that had been secured. In either event, I authorise the purchase. It would asse appropriate that the land should be deeded to Mr. Dorr at the moment, until its proper division and parmanent ownership can be determined. 1/15/29 George B Don 13 to Mr. Drea Island Biological Laboratory STATE OF MAINE. HANCOCK ss. REGISTRY OF DEEDS at 3.2.25 Recorded Received July P 33 1929 m M. and Book 624 Page 459 ATTEST Ecorp RAadlock Register H.D. neal Salishing are 5 3/75-1-75 a THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND LABORATORY BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY (FORMERLY THE HARPSWELL LABORATORY) Founded by John Storling Kingsley in 1898 WEIR MITCHELL STATION prompoidor BOARD OF TRUSTEES Members ex officio WILLIAM PROCTER TWENTY-NINTH SEASON Bar Harbor, Maine President of the Corporation weell D. S. JOHNSON Professor of Botany, Johns Hopkins University Fice-President of the Corporation ISLAND BIOL MILTON J. GREENMAN MAINE 1814 Director of The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology Treasurer H. V. NEAL Professor of Zoology, Tufts College Secretary Work to be conducted at the Weir Mitchell Station at Salis- Members MRS. J. T. BOWEN, Chicago bury Cove and at the Ogden Memorial Station at H. a. BUMPUS, Brown University 1.1 Otter Creek Harbor, upon Mount Desert ULRIO DAHLGREN, Princeton University Island, Maine, July 1st to W. H. LEWIS, Professor of Physiological Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University G. H. PARKER, Professor of Zoology, Harvard University September 10th H. D. SENIOR, Professor of Anatomy, New York University E. B. WILSON, Da Costa Professor of Zoology, Columbia University Executive Committee WILLIAM PROCTER, Chairman 1 AMPLY M. J. GREENMAN H.D. SENIOR 1927 B. B. SANDERSON, Portland, Me., Clerk of the Corporation H. V. NEAL, Director "If PREFACE The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory was founded at South Harpswell, Maine, in 1898 under the name of The Harpswell Laboratory as a summer school of Biology by Dr. J. S. Kingsley, then Professor of Biology in Tufts College, Massachusetts. In 1913 it was reorganized as a scientific corporation under the laws of the State of Maine, with a board of ten trustees. In the spring of 1921 the Laboratory moved to Mount Desert Island, and a temporary building was erected on a tract of land located on Salisbury Cove and leased from the Wild Gardens of Acadia. This land, consisting of fourteen and one-half acres, was designated as the Weir Mitchell Station. In December, 1923, the Wild Gardens Corporation deeded this land to the Laboratory, the name of which had been changed on November 10, 1923, to its present one of The Mounti Desert Island Biological Laboratory A tract of eighty acres, located almost next the Weir Mitchell Station on Salisbury Cove, with an ample shore frontage bordering on the deep pure waters of Frenchman Bay, was purchased in September, 1922, from Louis B. McCagg. Part of this large wooded tract will be utilized as home sites for biologists working in the Laboratory. In order that the work carried on by the investigators of the Laboratory on the open sea might be brought within reach of the principal station by auto road, Mr. Dayid B. Ogden and his family presented to the institution on January 1, 1923, a very conveniently situated tract of land on the shores of Otter Creek Harbor, consisting of about six acres of land with buildings and a shore frontage of 195 feet on the harbor, which opens directly out into the sea. This will be known as the Ogden Memorial Station of the Laboratory. 3 LOCATION LOCATION 5 It is expected that provision will be made for the study of Desert Island Biological Laboratory serves in the same way open-sea forms at this station. to bring the worker in contact with the rich Acadian groups. In addition to its marine fauna, the island has a range of LOCATION bold, deeply divided, ice-eroded mountains that form a belt Mount Desert Island is situated on the coast of Maine, one across its southern half. Their lower sides are clothed by hundred miles east of Portland. Its cold waters are extraor- forests, and between their peaks, rising at highest over 1500 dinarily rich in marine life, including forms found on rocky, feet, are lakes, streams, and marshes with a rich fresh-water surf-beaten shores, in muddy coves, on the sea bottom at a fauna. Several of these lakes are large and deep; one of multitude of depths and conditions, and floating on the sur- lesser size is 1100 feet above the sea. Brooks are abundant face of bays, inlets, and open sea. Depths of over a hundred and of cold water, containing trout and a great variety of fathoms are found within twenty miles, where Salpa, Stau- northern fresh-water invertebrates. rophora, Tomopteris, Siphonophores, and hundreds of other Besides being situated in a region of great beauty, un- pelagic forms are found on the surface in their season. The spoiled by commercial exploitation or nearness to large cities, deep: bottoms furnish brachiopods (Terebratulina), huge the Laboratory in its new site has the advantage of being actinians, basket stars, Boltinias, and many other rare forms. placed in close contact with wild-life Sanctuary of Lafayette Cerebratulus and the echinoderm Echinarachnius are abun- National Park, created recently on Mount Desert Island by dant and furnish ripe eggs for study in the summer. The the United States through the efforts of a group of its large holothurian, Pentacta, sea-urchins, and several starfish public-spirited summer residents. This is the only National are extremely abundant and of large size. Park in the eastern portion of the continent and the only Mud flats furnish a great abundance of common forms of one in the country in direct contact with the sea. This secures mollusks, worms, and other animals for study in the Labora- for all time a permanent and singularly rich area for biologic tory and for investigation. The tide rises and falls from study in every field, vertebrate and invertebrate. twelve to fourteen feet, giving ample opportunity to secure Salisbury Cove is an old fishing and farming hamlet on many forms on the bottom or in rock pools, while the strong the north shore of Mount Desert Island; about five miles from currents from the outer sea bring in many jelly-fishes and the town of Bar Harbor and on the county road from it to floating forms not ordinarily easy to secure in still waters. the town of Ellsworth on the mainland, where there is a rail- Upon even a casual survey of the fauna it becomes evident road station and an important railroad junction. The village that a good research laboratory, situated at some point on of Salisbury Cove is a market-gardening and farming com- the gulf of Maine, is a necessity to the working naturalists munity of a quiet and simple kind, but Bar Harbor has good of the country. Cape Cod, as has been pointed out in past stores of every sort, an excellent hospital, express, telegraph, years by Gould, Dana, Verrill, Packard, Smith, Harvey, Far- cable facilities, good train and boat service. ii) Allow, Sumner, and 'many others, is the 'dividing boundary between the more northern Acadian and the southerly Vir- ginian fauna and flora of our coast, and no other boundary is so sharp in its delimiting of many species and genera. The Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole serves as a point of access to the Virginian fauna, and the Mount 111 parappand SBM Ados 6 SCIENTIFIC FACILITIES WORK FOR THE SEASON 7 SCIENTIFIC FACILITIES THE WORK FOR THE SEASON OF 1927 The Laboratory has facilities for work. A new frame The work for the summer of 1927 will consist of two main building furnishes eight research rooms, in each of which types. First and of primary importance is the research work one or two persons can work. This building is served with carried on by independent investigators in their chosen sub- electricity of 110 volts, 160-cycle single-phase current, with jects. The Laboratory building, with its eight |research rooms' III running fresh water and with running sea-water from a non- and library of over 2000 volumes, is given over entirely to toxic system, in which the salt water touches only a hard- investigators. A collector is present, whose duty is to fur- rubber pump, lead pipe, glass, and a wooden tank. The cold nish them with the animal or plant forms required. A stock- sea-water of this region runs directly from deep water into room provides chemicals and glassware of the usual kinds. the aquaria, only a surplus passing on to the tank. This in- The fee for the use of a research room is $50 for the season. sures the same cold temperature of sea-water on the de- Investigators are requested to notify the director well in livery trough and in the aquaria as is found in the cold ocean advance of the materials they desire and the equipment re- in this locality. quired by them. A second building was erected in 1923. This building contains aquaria and two research rooms and will be used GENERAL INFORMATION exclusively for the survey under the direction of Mr. William Those wishing to come to the Laboratory may come by Procter and his staff. rail from Boston, New York, Philadelphia, or Washington In 1926, Mr. Procter erected for himself a third building for on the Bar Harbor Express, which will bring them directly the charts and the storage of the permanent records of his to Mount Desert Ferry, where a boat runs across French- survey. The buildings mentioned are on the Weir Mitchell man Bay to Bar Harbor. The connections by water from tract. Boston are excellent and less expensive, the Boston and A small dwelling-house on the McCagg land has been ar- Bangor Steamship Line leaving Boston every evening and connecting at Rockland in the early morning with a Bar per ranged for such research as does not require the presence of running salt water. Six research workers can be accommo- Harbor boat, which passes through the beautiful Fox Island dated in this building. thoroughfare, among the spruce-clad islands of the Maine A working library, especially strong in American books coast, and arrives at Bar Harbor about noon. Prices of fares, and journals, is found in the main building, as well as a good staterooms, etc., time of departures and arrivals will be sent equipment of apparatus and reagents. It is hoped that to those who consider coming as soon as the summer sched- authors who are distributing reprints will favor the Labora- ules of railways and steamships are made up for the season. tory with copies to be placed in the Library. Books not on Those coming to the Laboratory should notify the Director hand may be borrowed by arrangement with the Boston ahead, so that they may be met. on arrival in Bar Harbor DATE Society of Natural History. by the Laboratory car. A strong sea-worthy gasoline boat and several rowboats; Board for those connected with the laboratory and their with scrapers, nets, dredges, and tow-nets, make collecting immediate families (husband or wife or children) will be possible in water as deep as thirty to fifty fathoms. provided in the Laboratory dining hall in Salisbury Cove at Every worker should bring his own microscope. None can $10.00 per week. be rented at the Laboratory. an ANPH 8 SCIENTIFIC FACILITIES GENERAL INFORMATION 9 with wastes and oils, thus allowing prolonged observations building, a dining hall, and tents with wooden floors. All of on sensitive organisms in the laboratory. A stock room sup- the buildings are supplied with running fresh water and plies the equipment and reagents commonly required for electricity. The laboratory is equipped for elementary work ordinary experimental work in biology. All special and un- in biology. All optical apparatus and all special and unusual usual pieces of apparatus and equipment must be requested supplies must be requested well in advance or brought by well in advance or brought by the investigator. A second the investigator. building with two research rooms is supplied with salt water shelves and a laboratory especially equipped for chemical GENERAL INFORMATION studies. A third building, also supplied with salt water, is arranged as a dark room for experimental and photo- During 1937 the laboratory will be open from June 15th graphic work. A fourth building provides space for a shop to September 15th. and for storage. The fifth building serves as an office and Applications for use of the laboratory facilities by in- library, containing many of the American biological jour- vestigators at the Weir Mitchell and Dorr Stations will be nals, several thousand reprints and about 1000 bound vol- considered on May 1st, and assignments made according to umes. It is hoped that biologists will place the laboratory on order of receipt and special needs. Requests received after their exchange lists. Books not found in the library may be that date may have to be denied due to lack of space. Ap- borrowed by arrangement with the Boston Society of plication blanks will be sent to anyone interested. They Natural History and the Boston Medical Library. should be returned to Prof. William H. Cole, Rutgers Uni- For collecting and dredging in deep water a thirty foot versity, New Brunswick, N.J., before May 1st, 1937. cabin power boat, the Dahlgren, with equipment for haul- The fees for use of research rooms during the summer ing, towing, and dredging at moderate depths is available. season including ordinary glassware, chemicals and sup- For work near shore a small motor boat and several row plies is $100 at the Weir Mitchell Station, and $50 at the boats are supplied. Dorr Station, payable July 1st, 1937. In special cases the On the McCagg tract, about one-quarter mile distant, a Executive Committee may remit part or all of such fees. small dwelling has been equipped for such research as does Applications for remission should be made as early as not require sea water. Six or eight investigators can be ac- possible. commodated in that building, Board for those connected with the laboratory and their immediate families will be provided in the laboratory dining THE DORR STATION hall in Salsbury Cove at $8.00 per week. For others the The Dorr Station is located one and one-half miles south charge will be $10.00. of Bar Harbor, and about seven miles from Salsbury Cove. Rooms may be found in the neighboring village at rea- It abuts on the Acadia National Park which is available for sonable prices. exploration and study. The land and buildings, which are Salsbury Cove is an old fishing and farming hamlet on now the property of the Jackson Memorial Laboratory and the north shore of Mount Desert Island, about five miles which are available through the courtesy and cooperation from Bar Harbor and on the main road between Bar Har- of that institution, were originally provided by the generous bor and Ellsworth on the mainland, the terminus of the gift of George B. Dorr, Superintendent of the Acadia Na- Boston and Maine Railroad. The village of Salsbury Cove tional Park. is a quiet market-gardening and farming community with The station offers facilities for the study of plants and its own post office and general store. Bar Harbor has good animals (exclusive of marine forms) in their natural en- stores of every sort, an excellent hospital, express, tele- vironment. No instruction is offered graph, cable facilities, bus and boat service. The physical equipment consists of a wooden laboratory Those wishing to come to the Laboratory by rail may OFFICE OF JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, March 28, 1930. Private and Confidential Seal-Hartor Dear Mr. Gammerer: national Park GBD/ Thank you for your letter of March 18th, in acknowledgment of mine of the 8th with enclosed copies of my correspondence with Mr. Dorr Older regarding the land at Otter Creek given by Mr. Ogdon to the Mount Desert Biological Laboratory. While there is no way of knowing, without asking her, whether Mrs. Ogden would be willing to have this property revert to Acadia National Park if the Laboratory were willing, on the other hand, if she were asked and should refuse it would make it more difficult to get her consent to some other means of making the property available for the motor road, Under these circumstances, Mr. Olmated recommends and Mr. Dorr approves the suggestion that Mrs. Ogden's consent be asked to the deeding of the property by the Biological Laboratory to the Government as a psrt of the National Park, with an agreement that the Government shall lease it to back to the Laboratory to be used for the general pur- poses of the Labora tory, under such control and restrictions of the Park Department as may be found necessary in the administration of the Park without embarrassing the Laboratory's use of the property. This is the method of procedure which is proposed in connection with the Sieur de Monts Abbe property, the Wild Gardens of Acadia and the Abbey Museum. Mr. Tosdick, representing me in these matters and with my con- sent seeking to aid Mr. Dorr in working out a satisfactory solution of them, has had one interview with Mr. Dorr and is expecting to see him again early next week. At this interview Mr. Fosdick is proposing to secure Mr. Dorr's final approval of this program ao far as these four corporations are con- cerned, and having secured it, to aid him in every way possible in bring- ing the matter properly before the several groups of trustees, 80 that their attitude in regard to it can be promptly ascertained. Mr. Foadick will also take up with Mr. Dorr, along lines Mr. Fosdick and I have agreed upon, the acquisition of such lands of Mr. Dorr's as will be needed for this road. All of these matters will need to be on a fair road to satisfactory settlement along the lines proposed before I shall be willing to make any specific request of the Nevy Department or to commit myself to any specific financial assistance in connection with the Radio Station at Otter Creek. Since this latter problem may involve a very considerable sum of money, obviously an assurance with reference to the satisfactory adjustment of the other matters must be had in advance. March 28,1930 2. I have told Mamiral Andrews that it seemed to me removal to the new location at Schoodic Point was the best solution of the problemand that I should be sorry to abandon that possibility until it had been proved impracticable. We are having a well dfilled at Schoolic Point now to see if water can be secured; that was one of thevvital consider- ations. The other is as to whether for radio purposes that location is as good as the present location. The Admiral had expected to have tests made by men who were supposed toobe going up that way on 8 Govern- ment boat in Marchk. There has been some delay, however, in their arrival and I am now told that the tests will be made in early April. As soon as the result of these tests is ascertained, we will know whether Schoolic is a favorable location from the technical point of view. By that time we will also know about the water. If both these reports are satisfactory, we will then have reached the ques ion of the financial aspect of the matter, and also the question astto whether any legislation will be re- quired to make possible the carrying through of the plans, if the financial aspect is satisfactorily adjusted. Referring ggain to the earlier part of this letter, if Mr. Dorr agrees next week with Fosdick on the principle of deeding tio the Government for the National Park various corporate lands mentioned above, and 11 the consent of the trustees in each instance is secured, the next step will be to see what legislation is necessary and get that enacted. You have been most kind in your cooperation in all these meth ters and stand ready I know to do anything further that you can do. Just B.S soon as we need your further assistance, I shall be happy to communicate with you. This letter will bring you up to date on all these general questions. Very sincerely, JOHN D. KOURCHELLER, JR. Mr. A. B. Cammerer, Associate Director National Parks, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 1932. 34th Season. THE CORPORATION OF THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY [enry B. Bigelow, Harvard University (FORMERLY THE HARPSWELL LABORATORY) ouise DeKoven Bowen, Chicago, Illinois Founded by John Sterling Kingsley in 1898 ermon Carey Bumpus, Waban, Massachusetts OFFICERS sther F. Byrnes, Girls' High School, Brooklyn Villiam H. Cole, Rutgers University CLARENCE COOK LITTLE dwin Grant Conklin, Princeton University Bar Harbor, Me. Villiam J. Crozier, Harvard University President of the Corporation Iric Dahlgren, Princeton University DUNCAN STARR JOHNSON Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. arl L. Davis, University of Maryland Vice-President of the Corporation eorge B. Dorr, Bar Harbor, Maine DAVID O. RODICK harles J. Fish, Buffalo Museum of Science Bar Harbor, Me. llan Grafflin, Harvard University Treasurer of the Corporation obert W. Hegner, Johns Hopkins University WILLIAM HARDER COLE Cargaret M. Hoskins, New York University Dental School Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N. uncan Starr Johnson, Johns Hopkins University Secretary of the Corporation and Director of the Weir Mitchell Station, Salisbury Cove, Me. ercy L. Johnson, Missouri Valley College bram T. Kerr, Cornell Medical School RAYMOND L. TAYLOR Jarren H. Lewis, Johns Hopkins Medical School College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, 'Va. Director of the Dorr Station, Bar Harbor, Me. rank Rattray Lillie, University of Chicago HERBERT V. NEAL larence Cook Little, Jackson Memorial Laboratory Honorary Director, Tufts College, Mass. rank E. Lutz, American Museum of Natural History dward F. Malone, University of Cincinnati Medical School TRUSTEES li K. Marshall, Jr., Johns Hopkins Medical School To serve until 1932 muel O. Mast, Johns Hopkins University by Waldo Miner, American Museum of Natural History LOUISE DE KOVEN BOWEN, Chicago, I11. HERMON C. BUMPUS, Waban, Mass. uart Mudd, Henry Phipps Institute ULRIC DAHLGREN, Princeton University. ank J. Myers, Ventnor, New Jersey GEORGE B. DORR Bar Harbor, Me. HERBERT V. NEAL, Tufts College. erbert V. Neal, Tufts College To serve until 1933 nurlow C. Nelson, Rutgers University eorge Howard Parker, Harvard University DUNCAN S. JOHNSON, Johns Hopkins University. FRANK R. LITTLE, University of Chicago. arold D. Senior, New York University Medical School *CLARENCE C. LITTLE, Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory. omer W. Smith, New York University Medical School FRANK J. MYERS, American Museum of Natural History. HAROLD D. SENIOR, New York University. njamin Spector, Tufts College Medical School To serve until 1934 Ledyard Stebbins, Harvard University illiam Morton Wheeler, Harvard University *WILLIAM H. COLE, Rutgers University. ROBERT W. HEGNER, Johns Hopkins University. arles Branch Wilson, Normal School, Westfield, Mass. WARREN H. LEWIS, Johns Hopkins University. onnell B. Young, University of Maine E. K. MARSHALL, JR., Johns Hopkins University. SAMUEL O. MAST, Johns Hopkins University. *DAVID O. RODICK, Bar Harbor. avid O. Rodick, Clerk, Bar Harbor, Maine *HOMER W. SMITH, New York University. *Members of Executive Committee. Dorr listedas Corporation Member ad Trustee, 1932-40, Trulee 1941. HISTORICAL 1898 Laboratory established at South Harpswell, Me., by J. S. Kingsley. 1913 Reorganization of laboratory as a scientific corpo- ration under the laws of the State of Maine with a board of ten trustees and J. S. Kingsley as director. 1921 Removal of laboratory to Salisbury Cove on Mount Desert Island, Maine, and designation as the Weir Mitchell Station of the Harpswell labor- atory under the directorship of Ulric Dahlgren. 1922 Eighty acres of land near the Weir Mitchell Sta- tion purchased from Louis B. McCagg, since then partly developed as home sites for biologists work- ing in the laboratory. 1923 Land for Weir Mitchell Station deeded by the Wild Gardens Corporation to the laboratory, the name of which was changed to the Mt. Deser Island Biological Laboratory. 1926 H. V. Neal elected Director of the Weir Mitchell Station. 1928 Amalgamation of the Mt. Desert Island Biologica. Laboratory with the laboratory founded by Clar- ence Cook Little at Bar Harbor. The latter was designated the Dorr Station with C. C. Little as director. 1929 Land opposite the Weir Mitchell Station deeded to the laboratory by John D. Rockefeller. 1931 William H. Cole elected Director of Weir Mitchell Station, and R. L. Taylor Director of Dorr Sta- tion. LOCATION Mount Desert Island is situated on the coast of Maine, one hundred miles east of Portland. Its cold waters are extraordinarily rich in marine life, including forms found on rocky, surf-beaten shores, in muddy coves, on the sea bottom at a multitude of depths and conditions, 3 10/4/20 Checkfiller West Pond STATE OF MAINE HANCOCK 38, REGISTRY OF DEEDS Received Oct 14.1935 at 9-5 m a. M., and Recorded Book 648 Page 324 Ecorpl nHaellock Registe Ret. Guy E Jorrey Bar Harbor 03 14-9- / - 75 KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, That I, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., of the City, County and State of New York, in consideration of one dollar and other valuable considera- tions, but less than one hundred dollars, paid by The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Maine, and having an established place of business at Salisbury Cove in the Town of Bar Harbor, Hancock County, Maine, the receipt whereof I do hereby acknowledge, do hereby REMISE, RELEASE, BARGAIN, SELL AND CONVEY, and forever QUIT CLAIM unto the said The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, its successors and assigns, forever, a certain lot or parcel of land situated in that part of the said town of Bar Harbor, known as Salisbury Cove, bounded and described as follows, to wit: On the North by the Town Road leading from Salis- bury Cove Village to Mount Desert Narrows, on the East by land of Fred Moore, Sanford McFarland and R. H. Kittredge, on the south by land of Julian Emery; and on the West by land now or formerly of the Mount Desert Transit Company containing forty (40) acres more or less. Together with all buildings thereon. Excepting from the above described lot and not here- by conveying two certain lots or parcels of land together with the buildings thereon, one described as conveyed by Charles F. King to Howard McFarland by deed dated March 20, 1929 and re- corded in the Hancock County, Maine, Registry of Deeds in Book 623, Page 433; and one described as conveyed by George B. Dorr to The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory by deed dated May 15, 1929 and recorded in Book 624, Page 459 of said Registry of Deeds. TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the same, together with all the privileges and appurtenances thereunto belonging, to it, the said The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, its successors and assigns, forever. AND I DO COVENANT with the said The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, its successors and assigns, that I will WARRANT AND FOREVER DEFEND the premises to it the said Grantee, its successors and assigns forever, against the lawful claims and demands of all persons claiming by, through, or under me. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I, the said, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., and I, Abby A. Rockefeller, wife of the said John D. Rocke- feller, Jr., joining in this deed as Grantor, and relinquishing and conveying my right by descent and all other rights in the above described premises, have hereunto set our hands and seals this fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and thirty-five. John? any a. Bratisfilles STATE OF MAINE HANCOCK, ss October 4th, 1935. Personally appeared the above named John D. Rockefelle: r, Jr., and acknowledged the above instrument to be his free act and deed. Before me, Notary Public . 17/10/19 Proth RELEASE DEED THE WILD GARDENS OF ACADE TO THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LABORAT STATE OF MAINE HANCOCK SS REGISTRY 01 DEEDS Received at Bool 126 ATTEST Register LAW OFFICES EDWIN R SMITH (DEASY LYNAM RODICK & RODICK BAR HARBOR MAINE The Tattle Law PrintP/Publishers 17-1170 KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, THAT The Wild Gardens of Acadia, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Maine and located at Bar Harbor, Hancock County, Maine, in consideration of One dollar and other valuable considerations, but less than One hundred dollars, paid by The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Maine, and located at said Bar Harbor, the receipt whereof it does hereby acknowledge, does hereby REMISE, RELEASE, BARGAIN, SELL AND CONVEY and forever QUITCLAIM unto the said The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, its successors and assigns forever, all its right, title and interest in and to a certain lot or parcel of land situated at Salisbury Cove in said Bar Harbor, bounded and described as follows: Beginning at the shore of Frenchman's Bay at the north- westerly corner of land formerly of Benjamin Emery nowof the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, and thence southerly, but everywhere following the westerly line of said land formerly of Benjamin Emery and the westerly line of land formerly of Alston H. Leland, now of Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, to the county road and crossing said road and running easterly by the road to land formerly of John Thomas; thence southerly to land now or formerly of John Rich; thence westerly to the side line of lot formerly of William Emery, called the Deering lot; thence south twenty-four degrees west to the corner; thence north sixty-three degrees west to the Little Creek; thence following said Creek to the corner of the Marsh lot formerly of Joel Emery; thence northerly to the corner bound of land formerly of John McFarland; thence following the side line of land formerly of John McFarland to land formerly of Elisha Cousins and to the county road; thence crossing said road and running to the Jedediah Thomas corner; thence following the fence to the shore of Frenchman's Bay aforesaid; and thence easterly following the. shore to the point of beginning and containing seventy acres, more or less. The above description is intended to include all and the same parcel of land first described as conveyed in the deed from William Emery to Thomas P. Emery, dated June 26, 1852, and recorded in Hancock County Registry of Deeds, in Book 105, Page 243. Together with all its right, title and interest in and to the shore or flats in front of the parcel above described and between the same and Frenchman's Bay. Excepting, however, from the above described premises the following lots or parcels of land conveyed by Thomas P. Emery by the following deeds, to wit: To Almon Harden, containing four acres; to Alvaro McFarland, containing four acres; to Lester McFarland, containing four acres; toA. F. Palmer, containing about four and one-half acres. There are excepted from this deed any rights of way by necessity appurtenant to the Almon Harden and the Alvaro McFarland lots above mentioned. Being the same property described as conveyed in the deed from the Mount Desert Transit Company to said The Wild Gardens of Acadia, dated December 26, 1919, to be recorded in said Registry of Deeds. All that portion of this lot which lies north of the high- way is subject to a lease for life granted by the Wild Gardens of Acadia to William Procter on July 31, 1920, and recorded in the Hancock County Registry of Deeds in Book 554, Page 137, said portion being there described, and said lease being subject to the following terms which are quoted herewith: "TO HOLD for the term of the natural life of said William Procter. And said Lessee promises to make any and all repairs and improvements thereon, and to quit and deliver up the premises to the Lessor, or its attorney, peacefully and quietly at the end of the term aforesaid, in as good order and condition (reasonable use and wearing thereof, or inevitable accident, excepted) as the same are, or may be put into by the said Lessor, and to pay all taxes duly assessed thereon during the term, and not make or suffer any waste thereof; and that he will not assign or underlet the premises or any part thereof, without the consent of the Lessor in writing on the back of this Lease. And the Lessor may enter toview and make improvements, and to expel the Lessee if he shall make or suffer any strip or waste thereof, or shall violate any of the covenants in this Lease by said Lessee to be performed. And the premises shall not be occupied, during the said term for any purpose usually denominated extra-hazardous as to fire by insurance companies." TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the same, together with all the privi- leges and appurtenances thereunto belonging, to it the said The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, its successors and assigns forever. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the said The Wild Gardens of Acadia has caused its wafer seal to be affixed, it having no impression seal, and these presents to be signed in its name and behalf by Clarence E. Dow, its President, this tenth day of December in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and forty- - eight THE WILD GARDENS OF ACADIA BY clarena EDOW (President) STATE OF MAINE. HANCOCK, ss. December 10, 1948. Personally appeared the above named Clarence E. Dow, President of The Wild Gardens of Acadia and acknowledged the foregoing instrument to be his free act and deed, and the free act and deed of said corporation, before me, C.Damon Scaler. Notary Public. Practic RELEASE OF CONDITIONS THE WILD GARDENS OF ACADIA to THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY STATE OF MAINE HANCOCK SS REGISTRY OF DEEDS Received Decill 1948 at 2 Recorded Book 726 Page 137 The ATTEST Register LAW OFFICES EDWIN R. SMITH I (DEASY. LYNAM. RODICK & RODICK BAR HARBOR. MAINE The Tuttle Law Print, Publishers, Rutland, Vt. 103 ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE HARPSWELL LABORATORY CORPORA- TION OF SOUTH HARPSWELL, MAINE, PARTY OF THE FIRST PART, AND THE WILD GARDENS OF ACADIA CORPORATION OF MOUNT DESERT ISLAND, MAINE, PARTY OF THE SECOND PART, BONDITIONING THE TRANSFER OF THE HARPSWELL LABORATORY FROM SOUTH HARPSWELL, MAINE, TO MOUNT DESERT ISLAND, MAINE. The two parties above mentioned agree that the transfer Mount Desert Island, Maine, shall be effected under the follow- of the Harpswell Laboratory from South Harpswell, Maine to ing conditions: 1. That the Harpswell Laboratory shall transfer its activities to Mount Desert Island. 2. That the Harpswell Laboratory Corporation of South Harpswell, Liaine, shall become a member of The Wild Gardens of Acadia Corporation and be repre- sented on its Board, the present organization of the Harpswell Laboratory remaining as at present incorporated. 3. That The Wild Gardens of Acadia Corporation desig- nate for occupancy by the Harpswell Laboratory a tract of land to be set apart from the lands now held by it at Salisbury Cove, Maine, the boundries of said tract to be determined in consultation be- tween appointed representatives of the Harpswell Laboratory and The Wild Gardens of Acadia. 4. That the Harpswell Laboratory undertake as its purpose and aim to establish and maintain a lab- oratory for scientific study and investigation, as stated in its certificate of incorporation from the State of Maine. 5. That the Harpswell Laboratory agree that in the event of its ceasing to exist as an active Biological Association the lands leased to it in accordance with the aforesaid designation shall :evert to the control of The Wild Gardens of Acadia. 6. That the Wild Gardens of Acadia agree to use its best endeavor to promote the interests, scientific and financial, of the Harpswell Laboratory, and to secure for it such other stations in that region as the future may determine as desirable. the Wild Gardin of Acadia George B word Henry Lauetew For the Harylowell Labor doing JLComel Cleric Dahlgren KNOW ALL MEN BY THESEPRESENTS, THAT The Wild Gardens of Acadia, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Maine and located at Bar Harbor, Hancock County, Maine, having by its deed dated December 1, 1923, recorded in the Hancock County Registry of Deeds, Book 584, Page 226, conveyed to The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Maine, and located at said Bar Harbor, its successors and assigns, certain land situated at Salisbury Cove in said Bar Harbor, said conveyance having been made expressly subject to the performance by said Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, its successors and assigns, of three conditions subsequent; NOW, said The Wild Gardens of Acadia, in consideration of the sum of one dollar and other valuable considerations, but less than One hundred dollars, paid by said The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, does hereby fully release said The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, its successors and assigns from the performance of said conditions and each of them, contained in said deed, and said The Wild Gardens of Acadia, for itself and its successors and assigns, in consideration of the same considerations aforesaid, does hereby REMISE, RELEASE, BARGAIN, SELL AND CONVEY and forever QUITCLAIM unto the said Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, its successors and assigns, the right of entry on the premises described in said deed for breach of said conditions or any of them, with the same effect as if no con- ditions had been contained in said deed when the same was executed. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the said Wild Gardens of Acadia has caused its wafer seal to be affixed, it having no impression seal, and these presents to be signed in its name and behalf by Clarence E. Dow, its President, this tentt day of December in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and forty- eight THE WILD GARDENS OF ACADIA BY farence Etory (President) STATE OF MAINE. HANCOCK, SS. December 10 1948. Personally appeared the above named Clarence E. Dow, President of The Wild Gardens of Acadia and acknowledged the foregoing instrument to be his free act and deed, and the free act and deed of said corporation, before me, C. Damon Scales. Notary Public. WebVoyage Record Brief View Page 1 of 1 Princeton University Library Main Catalog contact us library web new tities your borrow annex recall recap in process trace a search direct book not ILL document list account request request request on shelf delivery search start history help over Search Results: Displaying 1 of 8983 entries previous next brief view long view staff view Relevance: Author/Artist: Harpswell Laboratory for Biological Research and Study. Title: Programme for the season to be conducted at the Weir Mitchell Station at Salisbury Cove, upon Mount Desert Island, Maine, June 25th to September 10th. Published/Created: [Salisbury Cove, Me.] : The Laboratory, -1922. Physical Description: V. : ill. ; 23 cm. Continued by: Harpswell Laboratory for Biological Research and Study. Work to be conducted at the Weir Mitchell Station at Salisbury Cove and at the Ogden Memorial Station at Otter Creek Harbor, upon Mount Desert Island, Maine, June 25th to September 10th Location: Annex B, Fine Hall: use annex button to request Call Number: 8600.658.2 Location Has: 23rd season (1921)-24th season (1922) previous next Print, Save, or Email Options EndNote tips Select Download Format: Brief Record Display for Print/Save Enter your email address: Email new search new titles list location codes hours campus maps other cataloge http://catalog.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=1&ti=1,1&Search_Arg=harpswell+. 10/7/2004 WebVoyage Record Brief View Page 1 of 2 Princeton University Library Main Catalog contact US library web new titles your borrow annex search list account recall recap in process trace a book not ILL/document direct request request request on shelf delivery search start history help over Search Results: Displaying 2 of 8983 entries previous next brief view long view staff view Relevance: Author/Artist: Harpswell Laboratory for Biological Research and Study. Title: Work to be conducted at the Weir Mitchell Station at Salisbury Cove and at the Ogden Memorial Station at Otter Creek Harbor, upon Mount Desert Island, Maine, June 25th to September 10th / The Harpswell Laboratory for Biological Research and Study on Mount Desert Island, Maine. Published/Created: [Salisbury Cove, Me.] : The Laboratory, 1923. Physical Description: 1 V. : ill. ; 23 cm. Continues: Harpswell Laboratory for Biological Research and Study. Programme for the session to be conducted at the Weir Mitchell Station at Salisbury Cove, upon Mount Desert Island, Maine, June 25th to September 10th Continued by: Mount Desert Island Island Biological Laboratory. Work to be conducted at the Weir Mitchell Station at Salisbury Cove and at the Ogden Memorial Station at Otter Creek Harbor, upon Mount Desert Island, Maine, July 1st to September 10th Location: Annex B, Fine Hall: use annex button to request Call Number: 8600.658.2 Location Has: 25th season (1923) previous next Print, Save, or Email Options EndNote tips Select Download Format: Brief Record Display for Print/Save Enter your email address: Email http://catalog.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=2&ti=1,2&Search_Arg=harpswell+...10/7/2004 WebVoyage Record Brief View Page 1 of 2 Princeton University Library Main Catalog contact us library web new titles your borrow annex account recall recap in process trace a search direct request book not ILL /document list request request on shelf delivery search start history help over Search Results: Displaying 4 of 8983 entries previous next brief view long view staff view Relevance: Author/Artist: Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. Title: Work to be conducted at the Weir Mitchell Station at Salisbury Cove and at the Ogden Memorial Station at Otter Creek Harbor, upon Mount Desert Island, Maine, July 1st to September 10th / Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory for Biological Research and Study on Mount Desert Island, Maine. Published/Created: [Salisbury Cove, Me.] : The Laboratory, 1924-1931. Physical Description: 7 V. : ill. ; 23 cm. Continues: Harpswell Laboratory for Biological Research and Study. Work to be conducted at the Weir Mitchell Station at Salisbury Cove at the Ogden Memorial Station at Otter Creek Harbor, upon Mount Desert Island, Maine, June 25th to September 10th Continued by: Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. Annual announcement and report Location: Annex B, Fine Hall: use annex button to request Call Number: 8600.658.2 Location Has: 26th season (1924)-33rd season (1931) previous next Print, Save, or Email Options EndNote tips Select Download Format: Brief Record Display for Print/Save Enter your email address: Email http://catalog.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=4&ti=1,4&Search_Arg=harpswell+ 10/7/2004 WebVoyage Record Brief View Page 1 of 1 Princeton University Library Main Catalog contact us library web new back titles your account recall borrow annex recap in process trace a search list request book not to list direct request request on shelf ILL/document search start delivery history help over Search Results: Displaying 1 of 5 entries previous next brief view long view staff view Author/Artist: Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. Title: Annual announcement and report / Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. Published/Created: [Salisbury Cove, Me.] : The Laboratory, 1932-1933. Physical Description: 2 V. : ill. ; 23 cm. Continues: Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. Work to be conducted at the Weir Mitchell Station at Salisbury Cove and at the Ogden Memorial Station at Otter Creek Harbor, upon Mount Desert Island, Maine, July 1st to September 10th Continued by: Bulletin of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory ISSN: 0276-301X Location: Annex B, Fine Hall: use annex button to request Call Number: 8600.658.2 Location Has: 1932-1933 previous next Print, Save, or Email Options EndNote tips Select Download Format: Brief Record Display for Print/Save Enter your email address: Email new search I new titles list location codes | hours campus maps I other catalogs http://catalog.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=1&ti=1,1&SC=Author&PID=2655.. 10/7/2004 WebVoyage Record Brief View Page 1 of 2 Princeton University Library Main Catalog contact us library web new back titles your account recall borrow annex recap in process trace a search to list direct request book not list request réquest on shelf ILL/document search start delivery history help over Search Results: Displaying 3 of 5 entries previous next brief view long view staff view Title: Bulletin of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. Published/Created: [Salisbury Cove, Me.] : The Laboratory, 1934- Physical Description: V. : ill. ; 24-28 cm. Continues: Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. Annual announcement and report ISSN: 0097-0883 Location: Firestone Library (F) Call Number: 8600.658.2 Status: Not Charged Location Has: 1934-1999 LACKS: 1954-1955; 1957-1958; 1967; 1970; 1983 CURRENT ISSUES in: (SZ) Location Has (Current): vol. 39 (2000) V. 42 [2003] V. 41 [2002] V. 40 (2001) previous next Print, Save, or Email Options EndNote tips Select Download Format: Brief Record Display for Print/Save Enter your email address: Email http://catalog.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=3&ti=1,3&SC=Author&PID=2655... 10/7/2004 FirstSearch: WorldCat Detailed Record Page 1 of 2 OC LC FirstSearch SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE UNIV WorldCat Detailed Record Click on a checkbox to mark a record to be e-mailed or printed in Marked Records. Resource Staff View My Account Options Home Databases Searching Results Sharing Comments Exit Hide tips List of Records Detailed Record Marked Records Go to page TYT IIII WorldCat results for: ti: mount and ti: desert WorldCat Subjects Libraries ILL E-mail Print Export Help and ti: island and ti: biological and ti: laboratory. Record 7 of 18. 7 Mark: Prev Next The bulletin of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine. Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. 1961- English Serial Publication : Annual V. : ill. ; 28 cm. Salisbury Cove, Me. : The Laboratory, GET THIS ITEM Availability: Check the catalogs in your library. Libraries worldwide that own item: 6 mu Connect to Southern New Hampshire University Library Borrow this item from another library (Interlibrary Loan) FIND RELATED More Like This: Advanced options Find Items About: Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. (12) Title: The bulletin of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine. Corp Author(s): Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. Publication: Salisbury Cove, Me. : The Laboratory, Year: 1961- Frequency: Annual Description: 1961-; V. :; ill. ;; 28 cm. Language: English SUBJECT(S) Descriptor: Biology ww Periodicals. Named Corp: Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory -- Periodicals. Note(s): Title from cover. Class Descriptors: LC: QH323 http://firstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=fullrecord:sessionid=sp02sw15-42841-ecqi... 8/23/2005 FirstSearch: Libraries that Own Item Page 1 of 2 OC LC FirstSearch sik SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE UNIV Libraries that Own Item This screen shows libraries that own the item you selected. Resource Staff View My Account Options Home Databases Searching Results Sharing Comments Exit Hide tips List of Records Detailed Record Marked Records Go to page Current database: WorldCat Total Libraries: 1 WorldCat ILL E-mail Print Return Help Title: Science by the sea : an investigation of the architecture and preservation of three biological laboratories founded in the late nineteenth century : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Long Island, New York : Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory, Cape Cod, Massachusetts : Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Mount Desert Island, Maine Author: Watson, Elizabeth L Libraries with Item: "Science by the sea : / an "( Record for Item I Get This Item ) Location Library Code MD UNIV OF MARYLAND, COL PARK UMC Record for Item: "Science by the sea : / an "( Libraries with Item ) GET THIS ITEM Availability: Check the catalogs in your library. Libraries worldwide that own item: 1 Connect to Southern New Hampshire University Library Borrow this item from another library (Interlibrary Loan) FIND RELATED More Like This: Search for versions with same title and author I Advanced options Title: Science by the sea : an investigation of the architecture and preservation of three biological laboratories founded in the late nineteenth century : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Long Island, New York : Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory, Cape Cod, Massachusetts : Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Mount Desert Island, Maine / Author(s): Watson, Elizabeth L. Year: 1983 Description: XV, 134 leaves : ill., maps ; 28 cm. Language: English SUBJECT(S) Descriptor: Marine laboratories were United States --- History. Historic buildings -- United States. Named Corp: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory --- History. Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass.) -- History. Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory -- History. http://firstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=holdings:entityholdingsortpage=normal:ho 8/23/2005 FirstSearch: WorldCat Detailed Record Page 1 of 2 OC LC FirstSearch SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE UNIV WorldCat Detailed Record Click on a checkbox to mark a record to be e-mailed or printed in Marked Records. Resource Staff View My Account Options Home Databases Searching Results Sharing Comments Exit Hide tips List of Records Detailed Record Marked Records Go to page IIII WorldCat results for: ti: mount and ti: desert WorldCat Subjects Libraries ILL E-mail Print Export Help and ti: island and ti: biological and ti: laboratory. Record 11 of 18. 11 Mark: Prev Next Annual bulletin of the Harpswell Laboratory. Harpswell Laboratory. 1899-1900s English Serial Publication : Annual V. : ill. ; 24 cm. [South Harpswell, Me. : The Laboratory GET THIS ITEM Availability: Check the catalogs in your library. Libraries worldwide that own item: 1 iiiii Connect to Southern New Hampshire University Library Borrow this item from another library (Interlibrary Loan) FIND RELATED More Like This: Advanced options Find Items About: Harpswell Laboratory. (2) Title: Annual bulletin of the Harpswell Laboratory. Corp Author(s): Harpswell Laboratory. Publication: [South Harpswell, Me. : The Laboratory Year: 1899-1900s Description: Began in 1899. Cf. Union list of serials.; V. :; ill. ;; 24 cm. Language: English SUBJECT(S) Descriptor: Marine laboratories MM Maine - South Harpswell -- Periodicals. Marine biology - Periodicals. Named Corp: Harpswell Laboratory - Periodicals. Note(s): Description based on: Season of 1908; title from cover./ Latest issue consulted: 1908. Class Descriptors: LC: QH91.65.U62 Other Titles: Bulletin of the Harpswell Laboratory Succeeding Title: Harpswell Laboratory.; Harpswell Laboratory for biological research and Station on Mount Desert Island, Maine http://firstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=fullrecord:sessionid=sp02sw15-42841-ecqi... 8/23/2005 FirstSearch: WorldCat Detailed Record Page 1 of 2 OC LC FirstSearch SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE UNIV WorldCat Detailed Record Click on a checkbox to mark a record to be e-mailed or printed in Marked Records. Resource Staff View My Account Options Home Databases Searching Results Sharing Comments Exit Hide tips List of Records Detailed Record Marked Records Go to page IIIII WorldCat results for: ti: mount and ti: desert WorldCat Subjects Libraries ILL E-mail Print Export Help and ti: island and ti: biological and ti: laboratory. Record 5 of 18. 5 Mark: Prev Next Contributions from the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Weir Mitchell Station. Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. 1926-1900s English Serial Publication V. : ill. ; 25 cm. [Salisbury Cove, Me.] : The Laboratory, Reprints of articles written by workers at the Weir Mitchell Station of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory and published in various journals. GET THIS ITEM Availability: Check the catalogs in your library. Libraries worldwide that own item: 21 mi Connect to Southern New Hampshire University Library Borrow this item from another library (Interlibrary Loan) FIND RELATED More Like This: Advanced options Find Items About: Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. (12) Title: Contributions from the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Weir Mitchell Station. Corp Author(s): Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory.; Weir Mitchell Station. Publication: [Salisbury Cove, Me.] : The Laboratory, Year: 1926-1900s Description: Vol. 1-; V. :; ill. ;; 25 cm. Language: English Contents: Reprints of articles written by workers at the Weir Mitchell Station of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory and published in various journals. Class Descriptors: LC: QH301; Dewey: 570.7 Document Type: Serial Entry: 19750907 http://firstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=fullrecord:sessionid=sp02sw15-42841-ecqi.. 8/23/2005 WebVoyage Record Brief View Page 1 of 1 Princeton University Library Main Catalog contact us llbrary web new back titles your search account recall borrow annex recap in process trace a to list request book not list direct request réquest on shelf ILL/ document search start delivery history help over Search Results: Displaying 3 of 3 entries previous next brief view long view staff view Author/Artist: Dahlgren, Ulric, 1870-1946. Title: Selected papers of Ulric Dahlgren, 1906-1936. Physical Description: 0.5 linear ft. (1 archival box) Electronic Access: Search MASC (Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections), the database of the Dept. of Rare Books and Special Collections, to find related material Location: RBSC Off-Site Storage: Contact rbsc@princeton.edu Call Number: C0414 Status: Not Charged previous next Print, Save, or Email Options EndNote tips Select Download Format: Brief Record Display for Print/Save Enter your email address: Email new search new titles list location codes hours I campus maps I other catalogs http://catalog.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=3&ti=1,3&Search_Arg=dahlgren& 10/7/2004 Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections Database (MASC) Page 1 of 1 New Search Brief Display Previous Record Author : Dahlgren, Ulric, 1870-1946 Collection : [Papers * Selected Papers of Ulric Dahlgren (C0414) Collection 1906-1936 date: Scope note : Consists of writings, correspondence, and subject files of Dahlgren (Class of 1894), a professor in Princeton's Department of Biology. The collection contains his history of the department and his outlines of seminars in the biology and zoology departments. There is correspondence from colleagues, including Edwin Grant Conklin, Bradley M. Davis, H. E. Jordan, and J. Sterling Kingsley, and letters relating to the Apgar Club. The subject files have material on the Princeton Mosquito Committee (1914-1918), the Committee on University Extension (1915), and readings recommended to candidates for the degree of Ph.D. in biology (1915). Container 1 box count : Size : 0.4 linear ft. Primary English language : Arrangement : A folder list (2 pp.) is available. Library location : Manuscripts Division Added entry: Conklin, Edwin Grant, 1863-1952 Added entry: Kingsley, J. Sterling (John Sterling), 1853-1929 Added entry: APGAR CLUB Added entry: Biologists-United States--20th century--Correspondence Added entry: BIOLOGY--STUDY AND TEACHING--NEW JERSEY--PRINCETON--20TH CENTURY Added entry: Princeton University--Alumni (Class of 1894)--Correspondence Added entry: Princeton University--Alumni (Class of 1894)--Works Added entry: Princeton University--Faculty--20th century--Correspondence Added entry: Princeton University--Faculty--20th century--Works Added entry: PRINCETON MOSQUITO COMMITTEE Added entry: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY. COMMITTEE ON UNIVERSITY EXTENSION Added entry: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY. DEPT. OF BIOLOGY--HISTORY Record Id: 73895 http://libweb5.princeton.edu/masc/Masc.asp?Recno=11 10/7/2004 WebVoyage Record Brief View Page 1 of 2 Princeton University Library Main Catalog contact us library web new back titles your recall borrow annex recap in process trace a search list account direct request book not to list request réquest on shelf ILL/document search start delivery history help over Search Results: Displaying 2 of 5 entries previous next brief view long view staff view Author/Artist: Procter, William, 1872- Title: Biological survey of the Mount Desert Region / founded and directed by William Proctor. Published/Created: Philadelphia : The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1927-1946. Physical Description: 7 V. in 5. : ill., plates, ports., maps. ; 26 cm. Contents: pt. I. The insect fauna, with reference to the flora and other biological features, by C.W. Johnson.--pt. II. Fishes; a contribution to the life-history of the angler (Lophius piscatorius) by the survey staff.--pt. III. Crustacea; new crustacea from the Mount Desert Region, by C.H. Blake.--pt. IV. Vermes; three new species of worms belonging to the order Echinodera, by C.H. Blake.--pt. V. A report of the organization, laboratory equipment, methods and station lists, together with a list of the marine fauna, with descriptions and places of capture. To which is added a list of the Arachnida and other non-marine forms.--pt. VI. The insect fauna, with references to methods of capture, food plants, the flora and other biological features, by William Procter.--pt. VII. (Being a revision of pts. I and VI) The insect fauna with references to methods of capture, food plants, the flora and other biological features.-- Location: Annex B, Fine Hall: use annex button to request Call Number: 8652.738 Location Has: v.1-7 previous next Print, Save, or Email Options EndNote tips Select Download Format: Brief Record Display for Print/Save Enter your email address: Email http://catalog.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=2&ti=1,2&SC=Author&PID=2655.. 10/7/2004 Historial notes on month Desert Island 63 Pt.IV 1964. taken prisoner for use as a hostage. Meanwhile the alarm had spread. All night long indignant men came hurrying to Norwood's Cove, armed with muskets, blunderbusses, rifles and what-not, until a company of seventy or so had gathered. As the sky grew gray in the east, a barge loaded with soldiers was seen setting out toward the beached vessels. The battle began-the British firing muskets and a swivel cannon which was mounted on the barge-the defenders firing from behind rocks and trees. It was 8 short but decisive combat-the British retired with seven dead, leaving the Americans victorious with no casualties. Two cannon-balls picked up after this skirmish are in the proud possession of certain Southwest Harbor residents. 53. Part II, Vol. I., No. 117, p. 67 has a short paragraph about the Biological Laboratory. Since A 4 has come to hand through the courtesy of No. 34, it would seem appropriate to have a more explicit account of this famous scientific project, details of which have never been available to the general public. The following excerpts from this Report should be on the records of the Island. The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory is not really an outgrowth of the Harpswell Laboratory but an actual transplantation of the Harpswell Laboratory from South Harpswell to Salisbury Cove, Maine The name of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory was not adopted until 1923, two years after the Harpswell Laboratory had moved to Salisbury Cove, Maine. The annual meetings of the Trustees of the Harpswell Laboratory for 1921, 1922, and 1923 were held at Salisbury Cove, Maine and only in 1924 was the annual meeting that of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. In 1921, George B. Dorr of Bar Harbor, Maine, representing the Wild Gardens of Acadia Association, requested the Harpswell Laboratory to establish its Main Station on Mount Desert Island, Maine. A committee of the Trustees -63- 64 of Harpswell Laboratory met with George B. Dorr and Henry Eno, representing the Wild Gardens of Acadia Association, in Princeton and discussed the proposition. They drew up articles of agreement with the Wild Gardens of Acadia Association to transfer the laboratory to Mount Desert Island. These were later approved by the Trustees of the Harpswell Laboratory. The land consisting of fourteen and one-half acres at Salisbury Cove, at this time, was leased to the Harpswell Laboratory This was designated as the Weir Mitchell Station. When the Laboratory was moved to Salisbury Cove in 1921, conditions were apparently quite primitive. The Bar Harbor Water Company had not extended their pipes to Salisbury Cove, and no electric light or power lines were available. Apparently a number of the investigators lived in tents. It is interesting to find that, aside from the expense of getting fresh water and electricity to the Laboratory, the total estimated budget for 1922 was $1450 (one might compare this with the budget for 1961 of $49,000). It is certain that in the early days at Salisbury Cove, the Laboratory engaged in teaching an undergraduate course. In 1922, H. V. Neal resigned as Trustee to take a paid teaching position on the staff (the By-Laws at that time did not allow any officer or Trustee to accept a salary from the Laboratory), and Mrs. H. V. Neal was given $300 for teaching the Junior Class. Since one finds Neal as a Trustee in 1923, it is probable that the undergraduate course was short lived. After a couple of years, Mrs. Neal took over the Junior Class as her own, independent of the Laboratory. In 1922 and 1923, three important events occurred in the history of the Laboratory; namely, the gift of the land of the Weir Mitchell Station previously leased by the Wild Gardens of Acadia, the acquisition of the McCagg tract of land, and the securing of the Otter Creek Station. In the summer of 1923, Mr. -64- George B. Dorr acting in the name of the Wild Gardens' Corporation offered to deed the Weir Mitchell tract now occupied by the Laboratory under lease to the Laboratory under the following conditions: that the Laboratory change its name to "The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory", that the Wild Gardens shall be given the right to place a bronze tablet on a boulder near the main entrance with an inscription as to the history of the land, etc.; that the land shall not be sold, conveyed, or leased without the consent of the Wild Gardens; and that ownership of the tract of land shall revert to the Wild Gardens if for a period of three consecutive years it shall not be used for active biological research. The Trustees accepted the gift under the conditions stated above. At a Trustee meeting in September 1922, the Director stated that Mrs. J. T. Bowen of Hulls Cove was willing to start a subscription with a gift of $2500 (about one-third of the price) for purchase of the McCagg tract of eighty acres. The condition she made was that Dr. and Mrs. Neal were to be allowed to occupy the "teahouse" and barn with two and a half acres of ground for their life time and further that the Laboratory was to agree that the house and barn was to be kept in repair. The Director further announced that Mr. Samuel Fels of Seal Harbor had agreed to contribute $1000 more to purchase the tract. Mrs. Bowen's gift with the condition imposed and Mr. Fels' gift without conditions were accepted with thanks by the Trustees, and the Laboratory was instructed to borrow the remaining money. At a later meeting, notes were given to Dahlgren, Neal, and Senior for $1000 each to secure loans made to the Laboratory to complete the purchase of the McCagg property. The Director was authorized to receive in behalf of the Laboratory the -65- land so kindly offered by David B. Ogden. This became known as the Otter Creek Station, and was used for some years mainly by D. S. Johnson. It sub- sequently reverted due to non-use for a period of three years. At this time, Mr. James F. Porter offered to build a boat for the Laboratory. Offer was accepted. In 1923, the question of the organization of a Biological Survey was discussed and $500 was voted to erect a shed for the survey work and provision for equipment up to $300. Later, in 1926, Mr. Proctor offered to conduct and finance a Biological Survey. In 1925, the first Executive Committee was elected: Proctor, Chairman, Senior, and Greenman. Since the Laboratory is well established at Salisbury Cove, only important events in its history will be considered. In 1928, the field study of Biology, established on the Island by Co C. Little at Morrell Park, was amalgamated with the Weir Mitchell Station of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory and designated as the Dorr Station. This station was carried by the Laboratory as an additional expense until 1941 when it was taken over by the Jackson Laboratory. In 1929, two important events occurred. One was the decision which was contrary to all previous discussion to actually sell land on the McCagg tract to prospective Laboratory workers for building and not to lease the land and hold it for the Laboratory. The second important event in 1929 was the acquisition through the generosity of Mr. Rockefeller of the Karst property directly opposite the Dining Hall. During 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930 and 1931, a series of public lectures were given and were apparently well attended by the summer residents of the Island Also, a series of Monday night seminars were given starting in 1928. -66- 01 In 1929, the land opposite the Dining Hall including the Karst house was deeded to the Laboratory by John D. Rockefeller. In 1935, Mr. Rockefeller deeded another tract of land opposite the Dining Hall, containing a fresh water pond, to the Laboratory. In 1930(?) Mrs. Bowen kindly built an addition to the Dining Hall. One of the main difficulties of the Laboratory from the time it moved to Salisbury Cove was the problem of housing the investigators and their families. In 1952 the Laboratory had the following buildings exclusive of cottages: 1) Neal Laboratory, the original building, remodeled in 1955; 2) Halsey Laboratory, four large rooms provided with gas, fresh water and salt water; 3) Lewis Laboratory, two rooms provided with fresh water; 4) Kidney Shed, a large laboratory used first by Marshall and Smith and later for many years by Smith's co-workers; 5) Hegner Laboratory, ten separate rooms, provided with salt and fresh water; 6) Darkroom Laboratory, a two-room structure with fresh and salt water; 7) Instrument Room, renovated in 1955 to house general equip- ment; 8) Shop and Stockroom Building, containing power and hand tools, and in the stockroom, chemicals, glassware and an area for glass working; 9) Office and Library, a separate building erected in 1955, containing the Director's Office, records, and library; 10) Dahlgren Hall, the former village school house, converted to use as a meeting hall; 11) Bowen Hall, used as a recreation center and dining hall; 12) Dock, consisting of two floats with live cars, and attached to the shore by an inclined ramp and permanent bridge; 13) a 32'6" gasoline collecting boat, Squalus, constructed in 1958. An amusing incident may now be related the only time to the author's knowledge when the Laboratory acted in a service way to the State of Maine. Money was given at the request of the Governor through the Commissioner of -67- Dry Tortugas Digital Library - About Page 1 of 5 NOAA Miami Regional Library NOAA Scientific Studies on Dry Tortugas National Park: An Annotated Bibliography: Thomas W. Schmidt Marine Biologist National Park Service South Florida Natural Resources Center Everglades National Park 40001 State Road 9336 Homestead, Florida 33034 Linda Pikula NOAA Regional Librarian NOAA Regional Library 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, Florida 33149 Table of Contents Acknowledgments Abstract Background Purpose Methodology Literature Cited Acknowledgments: This report has benefited from the help of many people over the past 6 years. The original project was prompted and supported by Dr. Michael Soukup during his tenure as Director of the South Florida Natural Resources Center. Wayne Landrum, Facility Manager and Carolyn Brown-Wiley, Chief Ranger at Dry Tortugas National Park provided logistical support and took special interest in providing guidance to the pertinent files at Fort Jefferson. Ray Bowers, John Strom, and Pat Craig of the Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C. permitted us to search their Tortugas Laboratory files, assisted in duplicating activities, and provided insightful discussions and original photographs of the Marine Laboratory. We thank George Stepney and Maria Bello of NOAA's Regional Library in Miami for acquiring many interlibrary loans. Special recognition goes to the staff of the South Florida Natural Resources Center including Marnie Lounsbury for photocopying and collating much of the Carnegie texts, Barry Wood who produced the map figures, and Mario Alvarado who expertly produced the author and subject indexes using PROCITE. Dr. William B. Robertson, Jr., United States Geological Survey/Biological Resources Division contributed numerous references and provided encouragement during the earliest stages of the project Valuable comments were provided by Elaine Collins of the NOAA Central Library, Silver Spring, MD and Bob Hamre, former technical editor for the US Forest Service, assigned to the Beard Center under the NPS "Volunteer-in-Parks." program. Finally, our thanks to Carol Watts, Chief of the NOAA Libraries and Information Science Division, Janice Beattie, Chief of NOAA Libraries Public Services Division, Dr. Tom Armentano, Chief of Biological Resources, South Florida Natural Resources Center, and Dr. Caroline Rogers, United States Geological http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/Regional/DryTortugas/about.htm 8/11/2005 Dry Tortugas Digital Library - About Page 2 of 5 Survey/Biological Resources Division for their financial support and encouragement. Abstract: Dry Tortugas National Park, located 110 km west of Key West, Florida, is an elliptical, atoll-like, coral reef formation, approximately 27 km long and 12 km wide with shallow water depths ranging from 12- 20 m in channels between reefs. In 1935, the area was designated Fort Jefferson National Monument, the World's first underwater National Park unit. Central to the area is Fort Jefferson, America's largest coastal nineteenth century masonry fort. In 1992 it was re-designated Dry Tortugas National Park. Because of the islands' unique location, the first tropical marine biological laboratory in the Western Hemisphere was established on Loggerhead Key by the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C. Following the closure of the Tortugas Laboratory in 1939, aperiodic marine biological assessments have been conducted in response to man-made and natural environmental perturbations. This annotated bibliography is an attempt to provide researchers and resource managers with access to the rapidly accumulating body of information on the park's natural resources. A total of 424 references (published and unpublished) on scientific studies in, (and what later became) Dry Tortugas National Park were annotated and indexed according to major scientific topics. Studies from a wider area were included if they also sampled in Dry Tortugas National Park. Background: Seven small islands composed of coral reefs and sand in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, approximately 110 km west of Key West, Florida comprise Dry Tortugas National Park. The Tortugas, an area known for its bird and marine life and shipwrecks, are an elliptical, atoll-like, coral reef formation, approximately 27 km long and 12 km wide with water depths ranging from 12-20-m in channels between reefs. The Dry Tortugas, discovered by the Spanish explorer Ponce de Leon in 1513 and named The Turtles, Las Tortugas, were soon read on early nautical charts as "Dry Tortugas" to indicate they lacked fresh water. Central to the area and located on Garden Key is Fort Jefferson, America's largest coastal nineteenth century masonry fort. Work was begun in 1846 and continued for thirty years but was never finished. As part of the United States coastal fortification buildup after the War of 1812, Fort Jefferson was considered critical for protecting Gulf trade and ports (Murphy, 1993). Following the Fort's use as a military prison during the Civil War (where the infamous Dr. Mudd was imprisoned after President Abraham Lincoln's assassination in 1865), and its abandonment by the Army in 1874, the area was proclaimed a wildlife refuge in 1908, to protect sooty tern rookeries from egg collectors. In 1935, the area was designated Fort Jefferson National Monument, the World's first underwater National Park unit. In 1992 it was redesigned Dry Tortugas National Park to preserve and protect both historical and natural features. Early descriptive observers of Dry Tortugas natural resources include Louis and Alexander Agassiz during the 1850's, and the research vessel Blake in 1877 and 1878. Their visits resulted in a detailed map of the islands, and a description of benthic marine communities by Agassiz in 1888. In 1903, Alfred G. Mayer, under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, recommended that a tropical marine biological research laboratory be established at the Tortugas (as opposed to other Caribbean sites) because of their isolation from continental land masses, lack of commercial fisheries, lush reefs, clear waters and proximity to the Gulf Stream. In 1904, Mayer selected Loggerhead Key as the site for Carnegie's Tortugas Marine Laboratory, the first tropical marine laboratory in the Western Hemisphere. Following the closure of the Laboratory in 1939, relatively few investigations were conducted in the Tortugas until the National Park Service (NPS) began in 1975, a series of cooperative, bench-mark studies to evaluate long-term changes in marine resources in combination with the earlier Carnegie Laboratory studies. Since the initial Tortugas Reef Atoll Continuing Transect Studies (TRACTS) work of 1975-76, aperiodic biological assessments have been conducted in response to man-made and natural ironmental perturhations. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/Regional/DryTortugas/about.html 8/11/2005 A Laboratory by the Sea The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory 1898-1998 ROOM EDITED BY FRANKLIN H. EPSTEIN THE RIVER PRESS Rhinebeck, N.Y. 1998 Ulric Dahlgren, the Wild Gardens of Acadia and the Move to Salisbury Cove [pp. 15-21] FRANKLIN H. EPSTEIN O n May 10, 1921, Professor Ulric Dahlgren addressed the following letter to all Trustees of the Harpswell Laboratory. "Dear Dr. Wilson, Since my last report to the trustees the Laboratory affairs have gone rapidly and smoothly to a conclusion which seems to me to be a proper and fortunate one. Our agreement with the Wild Gardens Association having been signed I went to Bar Harbor to inspect the land which I found to be a very beautiful tract and well worth a year's trial if not permanent occupation, especially if we secure another tract at a later date on Otter Creek. Our shore line is one fifth of a mile long with great possibility of extension. A very useful and handsome Cove indents its western end and while covered for a greater part of its extent with trees and brush it has two clear, level stretches on one of which our first small Laboratory building will be erected. Dr. Conel who went with me to arrange for many rooms and some houses that can be rented by students and research workers during the coming sea- son and I made certain arrangements which will be explained in the accompanying report, in this let- ter, of our trustee meeting. This meeting was called by Dr. Kingsley for April 22nd, in the Wistar Institute of Philadelphia. At the meeting the work of your committee was ratified and the agreement and leases offered by the Wild Gardens were signed. I wish to call attention to some of the conditions under which we move to Salisbury Cove and to certain improvements upon the conditions first proposed. We go with our present organization intact not even being bound to put any one else on our board of trustees unless we feel that this would be the best thing to do. This feature is due largely to the generous attitude of Mr. Henry Eno and Mr. Dorr. I think that in the near future however, that we should proceed to strengthen our Board by some additions and to amend our by-laws and a com- mittee of Dr. H.C. Bumpus, Dr. Greenman and myself has been appointed to consider this matter -15- Ulric Dahlgren, Professor at Princeton University, who engineered the move from Harpswell to Mount Desert Island. - 14 - ULRIC DAHLGREN, THE WILD GARDENS OF ACADIA AND THE MOVE TO SALISBURY COVE and present it to the board at a meeting in the near future. There are several things that can be done, without changing our fundamental organization that will better our position greatly. The terms of the lease are of interest. We are leased this land without any time limit instead of for fifty or ninety years, the only condition being that we do no stripping and that we maintain a lab- oratory creditably. If we abandon it for two consecutive years it reverts to the "Wild Gardens associ- ation" which I consider a very proper provision. A copy of the lease and of a letter of interpretation of some of its conditions and an acknowledgment of this letter by the "Wild Gardens" accompanies this report. The outlook at present is as follows. The following research men will probably be with us for work this summer: Dr. Edward East of Harvard University Dr. Harold Senior of New York University Dr. J.H. Conel Dr. Howard Brown, Bacteriologist of Rockefeller Institute Dr. Duncan Johnson, Johns Hopkins University Dr. Snyder, Johns Hopkins University Dr. Warren Lewis, Johns Hopkins University and others are considering coming. But few students have applied for my course but the circulars have just been sent out and responses may be expected to our limit of twenty-five for this season. It is hoped that our trustees will help to send one or two students from each University with which they may be connected. Sincerely, Ulric Dahlgren" Dahlgren was no mere ivory-tower academic, but a canny man of affairs. On November 19, 1921 he wrote to Mr. B.B. Sanderson, an attorney of Portland, Maine, as follows: "My dear Mr. Sanderson, I received your first letter but was busy getting things in order to send you the documents you wish. The second letter came yesterday. When I was given the directorship of the Laboratory last year I found things in very poor shape and run down. The minutes were poorly taken and kept on loose-leaves by any one and interest in the Laboratory had fallen. The corporation members had dropped out until almost nothing but trustees were left and our one small building at South Harpswell was in disrepair. Finding that I could not get sufficient outside financial support at South Harpswell I went to some people at Bar Harbor (the Wild Gardens Association) and they were extremely anxious to have us move there. It seems that some years ago they had collected money from the public and bought a tract of land at Salisbury Cove near Bar Harbor to be used, as they told the donor, as a biological memorial to Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. For six years they tried to establish a Biological Laboratory there but nothing came of it as there are no professional biologists among them and their ideas of such an - 16 FRANKLIN H. EPSTEIN FRANKLIN Banger HANCOCK Skowhegen Machine Farmington WALDO KENNEBEC OXFORD Belfect Salebury Cove Augusta Peris KNOX ANDROSCOGGIN Rockland LINCOLN Auburn SAGADAHOC Wisconsel Bath CUMBERLAND South Harpowell@ Emigrants' Route Portland June 1921 Altred YORK Route of the Great Migration from South Harpswell to Salisbury Cove, 1921. institution are rather vague to say the least. Several proposals were made both by them and by us as to the terms on which we were to come which terminated in the agreement I am sending you. The lease was drawn up by one of their members, Mr. A.H. Lynam, a lawyer of Bar Harbor and when I objected to its, to me, transitory character he assured me that it was as good as a deed. That is one of the reasons why I have come to you as some one who can furnish us with an opinion in our interest. Since writing you I have been writing Mr. Lynam to ask for copies of their by-laws and incor- poration papers and have been unable to get answers from him. He answers about other matters entirely. I have read their by-laws last April 15 but was told that these were some years old and that I would be shown a more recent copy later ("soon" was the way it was put). I have also asked him if his Association has taken any action in regard to the clause in our agreement as to our becoming a mem- ber of their Association and having a representative on their board and he has failed to answer that. I also asked for a list of their members to which I have no reply. My confidence in the Association was due to their membership which I heard about from Mr. George B. Dorr, and Mr. Henry Lane Eno who stated that the members were both individuals and institutions such as Harvard University, Princeton University, other colleges and such individuals as Ex-President Eliot, Secretary Lane (now dead), Mr. Alessandro Fabri, Mr. Ogden and other Bar Harbor summer people. I learned during the summer that the Wild Gardens is one of the projects of Mr. George B. Dorr, a very remarkable man and a great idealist. In fact he is the whole association and Mr. A.H. - 17 - ULRIC DAHLGREN, THE WILD GARDENS OF ACADIA AND THE MOVE TO SALISBURY COVE Lynam is the Attorney. When Mr. Dorr wants anything done he calls in whoever happens to be around tells them to "sign here"! At least that is my impression of the methods used. Personally he is most kindly if autocratic and we are on the best of terms. This is not true of all my trustees. I have talked these matters over with some of our trustees and have decided on the following course. Assuming that the Wild Gardens is able to lease land I want to know exactly what our lease means to us and what powers and tenure it grants. During the summer I collected money and put $4,000.00 into a laboratory building on the grounds. Also a $1,500.00 pumping plant. I will ask a few leading questions: 1. Under what conditions could they dispossess us of the land? 2. Could we take our building and pumping plant with us? 3. Could the Wild Gardens deed the land to the U.S. Government as part of the Lafayette National Park and would we then be controlled by the Park Management? 4. Are we as a charitable institution subject to taxation of our lands? Our laboratories on these or rented lands? Dwellings used to house our personnel free of rent? Dwellings used in the same way with a rental charged? A dining hall in which we board our people at cost and buildings, boats and apparatus used by us to furnish supplies to other institutions for a price in order to raise money to defray our expenses? My idea now is to ascertain our position and if our lease is insufficient to give us the requisite independence to secure a neighboring tract of land by purchase or gift. One gentleman has offered me such a tract and we have an option on another that would be suitable. This option runs to February 1, 1922. I do not desire to press the Wild Gardens Association for information which they seem unwill- ing to give and I appreciate very much some things they have done for us, but their attitude indicates a desire to dominate which we must be in a position to correct. They have collected some money for our work as a gift to us and according to their general promise in the agreement and to more special verbal promises which they have not always fulfilled. In fact money has been solicited for the Laboratory and then applied without our consent, or in some cases our knowledge we believe, to other parts of their schemes of which they have many. Mr. Dorr has recently issued a pamphlet coming from the National Park Service in which our work is mentioned, without our name and in such a manner as to lead a reader to suppose that we were merely a part of the Wild Gardens and operating "in conjunction with the Government". My wish for the present is to avoid all trouble or accusation and to use your information and opinion as to our status as a basis for informing the trustees and planning our future movements. We will operate on the land next summer as usual without challenging the Wild Gardens in any way. Now as to our own reorganization I want to ask your opinion. What should we do about the Certificate of incorporation in view of the fact that we have moved from South Harpswell, Maine to Salisbury Cove near Bar Harbor? We may want, in view of our change, to change our name to some- thing like "The Mount Desert Biological Laboratory". Our by-laws are bad and insufficient and we want to change them. A committee of myself as chairman and Mr. Procter and Dr. Greenman has been appointed to look over them and propose a suitable set. We will decide that objects to be attained and bring them to you to tell us how to proceed to bring about the changes. - 18 - FRANKLIN H. EPSTEIN I am sending you by registered mail the following: Agreement Harpswell Laboratory-Wild Gardens Association A copy of our last circular with amended list of trustees. Lease Wild Gardens to Harpswell Laboratory with letter of interpretation. Certificate of Incorporation of Harpswell Laboratory. A copy of our present by-laws and minutes of meetings will follow as soon as I can get them from our secretary. Please do not communicate with the Wild Gardens or their attorney for the present but if you have access to any public records of their incorporation or other papers it might help to look them over. We want to keep on the best of terms with the Wild Gardens and have smooth running but we want to feel assured of our actual independence. With that certain, we wish to cooperate with them in every way and help them with their projects. I will write you again concerning our reorganization when our committee has decided on what we wish to accomplish." Very Sincerely Yours, Ulric Dahlgren" Finally, on August 28, 1923, Dahlgren wrote to George Dorr as follows: S "My dear Mr. Dorr: where After operating our Laboratory for nearly three years on the Weir Mitchell tract as leased to us by your Corporation we find that if we are to continue to grow and succeed, we must conduct our work on land to which we hold a deed. Two courses seem possible under the circumstances. One is to move the scene of our activities Other over to the neighboring eighty acres of land which we bought last September from Mr. McCagg and to abandon our lease from your Association. The other would be for you to give our Corporation a deed to the Weir Mitchell tract contain- ing a protecting clause to the effect that should we cease to conduct a biological laboratory on the tract, it would revert to the Wild Gardens Corporation in three years; the same clause that Mr. Ogden put in his deed to us for the land on Otter Creek Harbor. Our reasons for desiring this change of tenure are the following ones: 1st. We would not have to pay taxes on such parts of the land as were used for scientific pur- poses or for the residence of any of our officers, that part used for other residence would be taxable. 2nd. We find that possible donors are unwilling to contribute funds which are to be invested on land that we do not own, nor are we willing to invest the funds or the future interests of a growing scientific institution in permanent improvements on leased land. 3rd. In case of a change of personnel in the Wild Gardens Corporation there can conceivably be changes of policy that might seriously affect or embarrass our work. I do not need to dwell on the possibilities here involved. - 19 - ULRIC DAHLGREN, THE WILD GARDENS OF ACADIA AND THE MOVE TO SALISBURY COVE We would not be able to accept the deed with other conditions attached than the clause of rever- sion in case we ceased to operate a biological Laboratory or attempted to sell. Personally, I hope that you can bring about such a change in our tenure SO that we can contin- ue to use the name of Dr. Mitchell for our station and will not have the work of moving. This need of ownership is not prompted by any dissatisfaction with the Wild Gardens Association, which I much admire, but by the simple business reasons that I have mentioned above. Very sincerely your friend, Ulric Dahlgren Director." Within a month, the Wild Gardens of Acadia voted to transfer title to the Salisbury Cove property to the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, as indicated in the following letter from Dorr to Dahlgren. when "Dear Professor Dahlgren: I have given the copy of the minutes of your special meeting of September 10th to Mr. A.H. Lynam, my assistant, and have asked him to send you a copy of the form of deed. As I have soon to go west for a National Park Conference, if the deed fails to reach you promptly or you have other mat- ters to bring up please write direct to him. You have my letter agreeing on behalf of The Wild Gardens of Acadia to making the transfer, and stating the few conditions. Judge Ingraham amended, out of his legal knowledge, two words in the inscription which I wrote, otherwise approving it. I send you copy of it in its amended form, which improves it without changing sense. I think with pleasure of the strengthened position which I agree with you in feeling full owner- ship will give the Laboratory, and am Sincerely Yours, George B. Dorr RECORD OF MEETING A meeting of the Wild Gardens of Acadia was duly called and held at the Jesup Memorial Library, Bar Harbor, Hancock County, Maine, on Saturday December 1, 1923 at eleven o'clock in the forenoon. There were present: George B. Dorr, A.S. Rodick, and A.H. Lynam, being a quorum. Letters from Charles W. Eliot and Dr. Robert Abbe approving the transferring of the Salisbury Cove property to the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory were presented and read. UPON MOTION it was VOTED to authorize a conveyance in free gift to the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory of the property at Salisbury Cove now occupied by it and owned by the said The Wild Gardens of Acadia, excepting the Edwards lot; said conveyance to be subject to the fol- lowing conditions, to wit: - 20 - FRANKLIN H. EPSTEIN 1. That the Wild Gardens of Acadia be permitted to place and maintain by the public roadside near the main entrance, a bronze tablet secured upon a granite rock or boulder, rehearsing the history of the acquisition of the land and its gift to the Laboratory, and rehearsing also the memorial nature of the gift in association with the late Dr. S. Weir Mitchell of Philadelphia, whose name it shall bear as a station of the Laboratory and its intended chief station; 2. That the said land shall not in whole or in part, be sold, conveyed, or leased without the con- sent of the Wild Gardens of Acadia formally expressed in writing; 3. That the ownership of said land shall revert to the grantor if for a period of three consecutive years it shall not be employed actively and creditably for the promotion of biological research. A draft of the deed dated December 1, 1923 from the Wild Gardens of Acadia to the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory conveying the property described in the next preceeding vote was presented and read. UPON MOTION it was further VOTED that the President George B. Dorr be and is hereby authorized and empowered to execute, acknowledge and deliver said deed. The President reported that the arrangement made with reference to the property was that all excepting the Edwards Lot was to be conveyed to the Laboratory at the present time, that the Edwards lot was to be conveyed to Professor Dahlgren until such time as the Laboratory may be in a position to take it off his hands, whereupon it was VOTED to authorize the conveyance of the Edwards Lot to Ulric Dahlgren subject to the outstanding mortgage which is to be assumed and paid by him. A draft of deed dated December 1, 1923 from the Wild Gardens of Acadia to Ulric Dahlgren conveying the property described in the next preceding vote was presented and read. UPON MOTION it was further VOTED that the President George B. Dorr be and is hereby authorized and empowered to execute, acknowledge and deliver said deed. UPON MOTION it was VOTED to adjourn. - 21 - A History of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, 1898-1962 E.K. MARSHALL, JR. S ince the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory is not really an outgrowth of the Harpswell Laboratory but an actual transplantation of the Harpswell Laboratory from South Harpswell to Salisbury Cove, Maine, some consideration of the Harpswell Laboratory is necessary. In fact, the name of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory was not adopted until 1923, two years after the Harpswell Laboratory had moved to Salisbury Cove, Maine. The annual meetings of the Trustees of the Harpswell Laboratory for 1921, 1922, and 1923 were held at Salisbury Cove, Maine and only in 1924 was the annual meeting that of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. Since the present account is to deal with the laboratory as of its presence in Salisbury Cove, no attempt will be made to discuss the details of the history of the Harpswell Laboratory. John Sterling Kingsley of Tufts College, Massachusetts, the founder of the Harpswell Laboratory, has given the follow- ing account of the history of the Harpswell Laboratory, written in 1921: The Harpswell Laboratory was opened in a small cottage at South Harpswell, Maine, in the summer of 1898, and was intended as a summer school of Biology for the undergraduates of Tufts College, although it was attended by several graduates as well as by two or three stu- dents from outside. The work was done on the ground floor of the cottage, while several of the students roomed on the second floor. During the next two years there were difficulties in obtaining the money necessary to continue the work, so nothing was done. In the Spring of 1901 some funds were raised, the present laboratory lot was bought and the larger part of the present building was erected, and in July the laboratory was opened for students. For this and several succeeding years it was both a summer school for elementary students and a laboratory for investigators, several of whom availed themselves of its facilities. After a few years there arose the conviction that with the limited funds and restricted space there was a certain amount of incompatibility between these two aspects. Investigators were disturbed by the elementary instruction, and it was realized that the return from class- work was very small, that this work was a drawback, and that it was at times a restriction and a hindrance to the studies of the instructors. I may say that the instructors received no pay - 53 - A HISTORY OF THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, 1898-1962 for their work and that all fees, after the payment of the necessary expenses went into the lab- oratory and its equipment. So in 1906 the laboratory was placed upon an investigational basis and the classwork was entirely omitted, and since that date it has been solely a research institution. That year, thanks to a small sum from Tufts College, four private rooms were added to the building which then assumed the form which it has had ever since. A gift from a friend enabled us to buy a fishing boat, install in it a small engine, and this for a few years was our means of getting around the bay after a fashion, but there are some who will recall the shortcomings of the "Perky", and as soon as possible it was sold and the "Acanthias", built by G.R. Johnson, was substituted and is still (1921) the property of the laboratory. During these years a goodly amount of equipment has been accumulated, and the lab- oratory now has a good line of chemicals, a number of pieces of apparatus (few duplicates among them) and now, except for the more delicate work, is supplied with the more impor- tant facilities for investigation. Owing to the unsteady support of the building it was deemed inadvisable to install chemical balances, while the lack of running water, electricity and gas interfered seriously with some lines of work. From the beginning, one object was the accumulation of a library. Duplicate books and pamphlets were brought from Tufts College, scientific people were solicited for separates, and a few friends contributed a little money (possibly a little over $100), and with a small amount taken from the income of the Laboratory, several important works were purchased. But the largest gifts in this line have come from the Wistar Institute which has given a prac- tically complete set of its publications, while Dr. Lillie gave a complete set to the date of the gift of the Biological Bulletin. A few years ago several institutions were induced to contribute annually from $25 to $50 each as a fund for the support of the Laboratory, and since that date these subscriptions and an annual gift from Mr. J.P. Porter have been practically the support of the institution. It may be of interest to say that the total gifts of Tufts College were $800 and that previous to the initiation of the subventions just mentioned that from a thousand to twelve-hundred dollars would include all moneys received aside from student fees. In 1913, several who were at the Laboratory discussed the formation of a corporation which should take over the property, the citle to which had always stood in the name of the Trustees of Tufts College. The necessary organization was formed, a charter was obtained from the State of Maine under the regular statute for educational and charitable institutions and Tufts College transferred all title to its property in Harpswell to the new corporation, The Harpswell Laboratory, in the name of which it stands at the present time." In 1921, George B. Dorr of Bar Harbor, Maine, representing the Wild Gardens of Acadia Association requested the Harpswell Laboratory to establish its Maine Station on Mount Desert Island, Maine. A com- mittee of the Trustees of Harpswell Laboratory met with George B. Dorr and Henry Eno, representing the Wild Gardens of Acadia Association, in Princeton and discussed the proposition. They drew up articles of agreement with the Wild Gardens of Acadia Association to transfer the laboratory to Mount Desert Island. These were later approved by the Trustees of the Harpswell Laboratory. The land, consisting of fourteen and one-half acres at Salisbury Cove at this time, was leased to the Harpswell Laboratory.1 Dahlgren, direc- 54 - E.K. MARSHALL, JR. Lophius piscatorius, the goosefish or anglerfish, studied at MDIBL by Marshall, because its kidneys lacked glomeruli (filtering units) and therefore all urine was formed by tubular secretion. tor of the Harpswell Laboratory, was authorized to construct a cheap laboratory building measuring 24x48 feet at an estimated cost of $1700 (this was at the time the only laboratory building at Salisbury Cove, and later was improved to be the present Neal Laboratory). Dahlgren agreed to serve as Director without salary, but asked to be allowed to live in the farmhouse on the property. The first annual meeting of the Harpswell Laboratory Corporation to be held at Salisbury Cove was on August 23, 1921.2 There were only six members present: D.S. Johnson, Ulric Dahlgren, J.J. Greenman, H.D. Senior, F.R. Lillie, J.L. Conel. The resignation of J.S. Kingsley was accepted, and J.L. Conel and William Procter were appointed to membership on the Board of Trustees. The annual meeting of the Trustees was held two hours later the same afternoon. Present were: D.S. Johnson, Ulric Dahlgren, M.J. Greenman, H.D. Senior, F.R. Lillie, William Procter, and J.L. Conel. An agreement between the Harpswell Laboratory and any worker who proposes to build a house on the Weir Mitchell tract was voted and regulations and conditions of such a building determined. As far as I know no such house was even suggested by a worker or built, with the exception of the abortive attempt of W.H. Cole in 1940. The next meeting of the Trustees of the Harpswell Laboratory was held in January, 1922 in the office of E.B. Wilson, Columbia University, New York. Dr. H.D. Senior was elected President of the Corporation. Revision of the By-Laws was discussed and certain changes accepted. The question of run- ning the Dining Hall for the season of 1922 (this had been done in the Grange in 1921) was left to the Director. The running of a Supply Department for the coming season was left to the Director, looking - 55 - A HISTORY OF THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, 1898-1962 forward to establishment of a permanent and profitable Supply Department. The Director explained that at the previous meetings he had not been formally elected to the Directorship of the Laboratory and it was moved and voted that Dahlgren be elected Director of the Laboratory for the year 1922. When the Laboratory was moved to Salisbury Cove in 1921, conditions were apparently quite primitive. The Bar Harbor Water Company had not extended their pipes to Salisbury Cove, and no elec- tric light or power lines were available. Apparently a number of the investigators lived in tents. It is inter- esting to find that aside from the expense of getting fresh water and electricity to the Laboratory, the total estimated budget for 1922 was $1450 (one might compare this with the budget for 1961 of $49,000). It is certain that in the early days at Salisbury Cove, the Laboratory engaged in teaching an under- graduate course. In 1922, H.V. Neal resigned as Trustee to take a paid teaching position on the staff (the By-Laws at that time did not allow any officer or Trustee to accept a salary from the Laboratory), and Mrs. H.V. Neal was given $300 for teaching the Junior class. Since one finds Neal as a Trustee in 1923, it is probable that the undergraduate course was short lived. After a couple of years, Mrs. Neai took over the Junior Class as her own, independent of the Laboratory. In 1922 and 1923, three important events occurred in the history of the Laboratory; namely, the gift of the land of the Weir Mitchell Station previously leased by the Wild Gardens of Acadia, the acqui- sition of the McCagg tract of land, and the securing of the Otter Creek Station. In the summer of 1923, Mr. George B. Dorr acting in the name of the Wild Gardens' Corporation offered to deed the Weir Mitchell tract now occupied by the Laboratory under lease to the Laboratory under the following condi- tions: that the Laboratory change its name to "The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory", that the Wild Gardens shall be given the right to place a bronze tablet on a boulder near the main entrance with an inscription as to the history of the land etc.; that the land shall not be sold, conveyed, or leased with- out the consent of the Wild Gardens; and that ownership of the tract of land shall revert to the Wild Gardens if for a period of three consecutive years it shall not be used for active biological research. The Trustees accepted the gift of the land under the conditions stated above. During 1922 and 1923, ten meetings of the Trustees were held, many away from Salisbury Cove. These were necessary in view of the beginning of the Laboratory at Salisbury Cove and also in view of the opportunity to purchase the McCagg tract. At a Trustee meeting in September 1922, the Director stated that Mrs. J.T. Bowen of Hulls Cove was willing to start a subscription with a gift of $2500 (about one-third of the price) for purchase of the McCagg tract of eighty acres. The condition she made was that Dr. and Mrs. Neal were to be allowed to occupy the "tea-house" and barn with two and a half acres of ground for their life time and further that the Laboratory was to agree that the house and barn was to be kept in repair. The Director further announces that Mr. Samuel Fels of Seal Harbor had agreed to contribute $1000 more to purchase the tract. Mrs. Bowen's gift with the condition imposed and Mr. Fels' gift without conditions were accepted with thanks by the Trustees, and the Laboratory was instructed to borrow the remaining money. At a later meeting, notes were given to Dahlgren, Neal, and Senior for $1000 each to secure loans made to the Laboratory to complete the purchase of the McCagg property. The Director was authorized to receive in behalf of the Laboratory the land SO kindly offered by David B. Ogden. This became known as the Otter Creek Station, and was used for some years mainly by D.S. Johnson. It subsequently reverted due to non-use for a period of three years. At this time, Mr. James F. Porter offered to build a boat for the Laboratory. Offer was accepted. - 56 - - E.K. MARSHALL, JR. In 1923, the question of the organization of a Biological Survey was discussed and $500 was voted to erect a shed for the survey work and provision for equipment up to $300. It is not clear what was done with the $500 voted for a survey shed. Later, Mr. Procter erected at his expense a dark room and build- ing used as office and library. When he resigned from the corporation and board of Trustees in 1927, he gave the Laboratory two buildings and the runway and dock. However, the Bulletin of 1930, states dog- matically that Mr. Proctor gave the Laboratory the three buildings on the Weir Mitchell Tract besides the main laboratory. In 1926, Mr. Procter offered to conduct and finance a Biological Survey. In 1925, the first Executive Committee was elected; Proctor, Chairman, Senior, and Greenman. At the annual meeting of the Trustees in 1926, no officers were elected. However, at a special meet- ing held two weeks later the resignations of the Director and President were accepted. William Procter was elected President and H.V. Neal, Director and Secretary. In order to vote Dr. Neal a salary of $1200 as Director, Mrs. Bowen moved that Article V, section 5 be temporarily suspended until the By-Laws could be adjusted. Since Senior, Dahlgren and Greenman were mainly responsible for the establishment of the Laboratory at Salisbury Cove, and guiding it for the first six years of its existence there, it is appropriate to give a brief biographical sketch of these men. Harold Dickinson Senior (1870-1938) was associated with the Harpswell and Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory for 28 years. Born in Croydon, England, Senior received his doctorate of medicine from Durham University in 1895. After seven years with the Charing Cross Hospital Medical School, he came to the United States. He was demonstrator in Anatomy at the Medico-Chiruical College of Philadelphia, associate and professor on the Anatomical Staff of the Wistar Institute and at Syracuse University. In 1910, he was appoint- ed Professor of Anatomy at New York University College of Medicine from which post he retired in 1936. His was the first full time professorship of Anatomy in New York City. Ulric Dahlgren (1870-1946) was associated with the Laboratory for 25 years. He was the leading spirit in its establishment at Salisbury Cove. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Dahlgren received his A.B. and M.S. degrees from Princeton. He was made an instructor there in 1896 and rose to Professor of Biology in 1911. He was one of the old type biolo- gists, interested in all kinds of fauna. His Principles of Animal Histology published in 1908 was a classic of its kind and was built up mainly from his own observations. Milton Jay Greenman (1865-1937) was associated with the Laboratory at South Harpswell and was Treasurer from 1913 until his resignation in 1927. Born in Erie Co., PA, he received his Ph.D. and M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. He was instructor in biology and later Lecturer on Physiology in the Biological School of his alma mater. From 1893 to 1905, he was assistant Director and from 1905 on Director of the Wistar Institute. He changed the Institute from more of a Museum to a vigorous place of investigation, and published several journals. He had an unusual record of achievements directed to advance Biology the world over. At the annual meeting of the Trustees on August 11th, 1927, a definite change in the management of the Laboratory occurred. In spite of the fact that just one year before Senior as President and Dahlgren as Director resigned and were replaced by Proctor and Neal with an apparent unanimity of opinion, a new - 57 - E.K. MARSHALL, JR. Following World War II, the Laboratory profited from the upsurge of interest in morphogenesis among the newer generations of biologists and medical scientists. At this time the field of experimental embryology matured with the development and modification of advanced experimental techniques and micro-methods. This was coupled with the rise of biochemistry and the cooperation between biochemists and embryologists. Several isolated studies carried out in the last decade should be mentioned. The first of these con- cerns the discovery of a nasal gland of marine birds which secretes sodium chloride in much higher con- centration than that of the plasma. This gland is stimulated by ingestion of salt or drinking of sea water t excrete the extra salt which cannot be handled by the kidney. Albatrosses found in te North Pacific have in the past survived only a short time n captivity. It was found here that the difficulty was the loss of salt through the nasal gland. When this was corrected by giving salt, the bird survived indefinitely in captiv- ity. A somewhat similar situation occurs in the dogfish where the rectal gland secretes salt in much high- er concentration than the plasma. This excretion is stimulated by an increase in salt content of the organ- ism. Another isolated field of great interest, pursued for several years, has been studied on bird semantics, and an analysis of the sounds of various insects and other invertebrates, with recording of the sounds. Certain more or less isolated observations may now be mentioned. These include: study of pas- sage of drug from blood to brain, ventricular fluid and cerebrospinal fluid in the dogfish; excretion by the gills of fish; the role of carbonic anhydrase in fish; the excretion of oxygen by the swim bladder; the weav- ing and waving of the barnacle; and the finding that when phenol red is introduced into the uterus of the dogfish, it is brominated. It is interesting that in the thirties, a considerable amount of work was done on mice, rabbits, dogs, and chickens. This has for several years past been discouraged as investigators are requested to work on marine forms or terrestial forms available at the Laboratory. An interesting side light may be mentioned. This is the number of typical and I hope good clini- cians who have been seduced into working not with human beings but with seals, turtles, dogfish, and what not. In conclusion, the author may say that he realizes that his prejudices may have prevented a fair state- ment of certain factual matters, and that in regard to the history of the scientific work of the Laboratory errors of omission and commission may have occurred due to his limited knowledge of many fields of work. For these failures, he begs forgiveness. August 1, 1962. Notes 1. This was designated as the Weir Mitchell Station. 2. Actually, it was only at a special meeting of the Corporation of the Harpswell Laboratory held in March, 1922 at Portland, Maine that it was voted to transfer the main office of the Corporation from South Harpswell to Salisbury Cove. 3. Roy P. Forster is to be congratulated on his handling of the Laboratory as Director during the years 1940-47. It was pratically inactive during 1943 and 1944, but was leased to Homer Smith during the summer of 1942 for War Gas Work under the O.S.R.D. At the close of the War in 1945 and in 1946 and 1947, Forster had a dif- ficult time in financing the work of the Laboratory. - 63 - THE HARPSWELL LABORATORY, 1898-1920 A Marine Biological Station Mary Frances Williams 1985 South Harpswell, Maine and Lynchburg, Virginia CONTENTS List of Illustrations vi Preface ix Acknowledgments X I. The Cottage-Laboratory, 1898 1 II. J. S. Kingsley, the Founder, 1854-1929 5 III. The Laboratory of 1901 15 IV. Fred D. Lambert, the Supplier, 1871-1931 22 V. Tenting, 1908-20 27 VI. The Laboratory Family, 1909 35 VII. Herbert V. Neal, the Director, 1869-1940 59 VIII. The International Zoological Congress, 1910 63 IX. The Peary Dog Episode, 1911 68 X. Leonard W. Williams, 1875-1912 73 XI. Signals and Searchlights, 1914-18 90 XII. Ulric Dahlgren, the Mover, 1870-1946 98 XIII. Harpswellians Remember, 1985 104 Appendixes A. Chronology and Necrology 111 B. Directions to the Laboratories of 1898 and 1901-20 113 C. Certificate of Incorporation of the Harpswell Laboratory 115 D. Attendance Lists, 1898-1922 118 E. The Peary Dog Episode, 1911 124 F. Publications of Leonard W. Williams 126 Notes 127 Bibliography 139 Index 142 Preface This book started as a memorial to my father, a sequel to A Fragment of Family History, which tells about his first summer as a young, newly married instructor of anatomy, a holiday that resulted in the birth of this writer. That volume exists in three typed, illustrated copies, written in 1980. My father, Leonard Worcester Williams, died young. In gathering material for a profile of him as a mature anatomist, I see that I have more information about the early days of the Harpswell Laboratory, where he worked for three years, than anyone else. I also have the strongest motivation to leave an account of him for his great grandsons. My original sources are letters, diaries, and account books written by, as well as snapshots taken by, my father; and by his parents, the Rev. Dr. Mason Fitch Williams and Mary Eleanor Worcester Williams of Muskogee, Oklahoma; by my mother, Martha Reynolds Clarke Williams; and her parents, Prof. Benjamin Franklin Clarke and Mary Elizabeth Reynolds Clarke of Providence, Rhode Island. These writings and pictures possess quite a different flavor from the materials in the archives of the Wessell Library of Tufts University and those of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, valuable as those records are. Hence, I felt obligated to enlarge my project from a personal memorial to the documented history of a laboratory. This gives me the opportunity to recall not only my father but also all the wonderful biologists who brightened my childhood and that of my brother, H. Franklin Williams, whom I shall refer to hereafter as Franklin Williams. Thus my 1985 sequel becomes a fragment of scientific history. ix Acknowledgments I thank Historian and University Archivist Russell E. Miller of Tufts University for replying to my numerous inquiries and for making available to me unpublished letters and other materials on three Tufts biologists: John Sterling Kingsley, Fred Dayton Lambert, and Herbert Vincent Neal. At Salsbury Cove, Maine, the staff of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory has generously assisted me. My thanks go to Barbara N. Rappaport (Mrs. Raymond), member of the corporation and editor of the MDIBL Newsletter, Jonathan S. Gormley, former executive secretary, and David L. Wynes, assistant director. I am grateful to them for the privilege of using the valuable records of the Harpswell Laboratory that came to light at the MDIBL in the winter of 1983. Without those charts, lists, maps, and photographs, I might never have finished this history. Among the Harpswellians who have contributed significantly, two deserve special mention: my brother, Franklin Williams, and historian Mrs. Miriam Stover Thomas. My friend Dorothy S. Vickery has served loyally as my in-house editor for years. For reading proof, I thank both her and Martha von Briesen. X Chapter I. The Cottage-Laboratory, 1898 A hand pushed a microscope aside. Two biologists hovered over a map spread across a laboratory table. One put his finger on Cape Cod. His colleague pointed to the Canadian border. Between their hands lay the whole coast of northern New England. It was a jagged pattern of peninsulas and islands scattered along the Atlantic seaboard. "Eastport would give you northern specimens that hardly ever turn up at Woods Hole." The other shook his head. "No. It would be too expensive for my students to get way up there from Tufts. Besides, Eastport is far from chemical supplies." The first scientist, who was a Maine man, said, "You want a place within reach of the steamers from Portland. Why not Harpswell? It's accessible and has inexpensive hotels and boarding houses. 11 Both Prof. Leslie Alexander Lee of Bowdoin College and Prof. John Sterling Kingsley of Tufts College (now Tufts University) knew that the flora and fauna of the northern coast rarely reached the famous Marine Biological Laboratory and the station of the U.S. Fish Commission at Woods Hole on the southern shore of Cape Cod. Max Morse reports that Prof. Lee (1852-1908) "insisted upon the desirability of establishing a station for the study of marine forms in the Gulf of Maine, and specifically in Casco Bay. 12 Lee was thinking of the coast shown in figure 1.1, an airplane view of South Harpswell. A man who remembers the early days at Harpswell writes, "Research at Woods Hole had become difficult. It was hard to get specimens and supplies from local fishermen. Sand Dollar embryos, Horse Shoe Crabs, Spiney Sea Urchins, Star Fish, and Skates were scarce. Besides, as I read the signs, although I am not an authority by any means, there was a caste system at Woods Hole. It had become a very social place with parties and all that. " 3 Appendix A. Chronology and Necrology 1898 The Tufts Summer School of Biology opens in a rented cottage at Potts Point, South Harpswell, Maine, directed by Dr. J. S. Kingsley. He was assisted by Dr. Fred D. Lambert. 1901 The second session of the laboratory is held in a new building on a waterfront lot, accommodating both under- graduates and investigators. 1902 Enlargement provides four more rooms for investigators. The Kingsleys occupy their cottage, possibly begun in 1901. 1904 Dr. Neal comes to the laboratory for the first time. 1905 Classes for undergraduates are taught for the last year. 1906 The laboratory receives only investigators from now on. 1907 Beginning this summer, Dr. Lambert works in his own laboratory on Basin Point. Dr. Neal begins 'his service as assistant director. 1908 Dr. Dahlgren and Dr. Williams spend their first summer at the laboratory. Dr. Kingsley is abroad. 1909 The only known photograph of the laboratory family is made by Dr. Neal. Investigator Max Morse publishes an illustrated article on the laboratory, probably the first to reach the general public. 1910 Some Harpswell workers attend the International Zoological Congress in Graz, Austria. Beginning this year, an institution pays $50 to reserve a laboratory room. 1911 At an island picnic, one of Admiral Peary's Eskimo dogs attacks a laboratory child. 1913 The Dahlgrens occupy their cottage, which was unfinished in 1912. On August 12, a charter is signed incorporating the Harpswell Laboratory for scientific investigation in Maine. Dr. Kingsley resigns from Tufts College, but continues as director at Harpswell. He is succeeded at Tufts by Dr. Neal. 1916 Destroyers and patrol boats search for German submarines in Harpswell Sound. 1917 Harpswell has spy scares as the United States enters World War I. Appendix A. Chronology and Necrology 112 1918 Only three men occupy the laboratory: Drs. Kingsley, Dahlgren, and J. LeRoy Conel. Dr. Neal is overseas with the YMCA. 1920 Dr. Kingsley is not active at the laboratory. In October the trustees make Dr. Dahlgren the director. 1921 In June, Dr. Conel moves laboratory equipment by water from Harpswell to Salsbury Cove, Mount Desert Island. The Harpswell Laboratory holds its first session in the new place. Dr. Kingsley retires from the University of Illinois and moves to Berkeley, California. 1922 The name of the Harpswell Laboratory is changed to the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. Necrology 1912 Leonard Worcester Williams 1929 John Sterling Kingsley 1931 Fred Dayton Lambert 1940 Herbert Vincent Neal 1946 Ulric Dahlgren About the Author 149 Mary Frances Williams was born in Providence, Rhode Island, and reared in Cambridge, Massachusetts. From early childhood she has spent most of her summers in South Harpswell, Maine. For two years before entering college, Mary traveled in Europe with her family, for sightseeing and language study. In 1923 she entered Radcliffe College where she earned her B.A., M.A., and a Ph.D. in Fine Arts. There she began her teaching career as a tutor, subsequently teaching at Hollins and Mount Holyoke Colleges. In 1952 Randolph-Macon Woman's College appointed her professor of art, head of the department, and first curator of the growing collection of American painting. She wrote both editions of the catalogue of this collection, the latter edition supported by a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts. During her tenure at Randolph-Macon, she was appointed a member of the Virginia State Art Commission, serving from 1956 to 1970. In 1968 she was advisor for the Artmobile program of the Virginia Museum of Art. In 1971 Randolph-Macon gave her the Gillie A. Larew Distinguished Teaching Award. Following her retirement in 1973, Professor Williams was recalled for a term of teaching at Sweet Briar College, at Randolph-Macon's program at the University of Reading, England, and again at Randolph-Macon. In 1978 the art department established the Mary Frances Williams annual lecture on American art by a visiting scholar. In 1980 the college's first fully endowed professorship was named for her as the Mary Frances Williams Professorship in the Humanities. Miss Williams .lives in Lynchburg, Virginia, where she is known as a lecturer and writer on art subjects. Chapter XII. Ulric Dahlgren, the Mover, 1870-1946 Prof. Dahlgren "was dapper, wore a goatee and celluloid wing collars that were in constant danger of bursting into flame, due to the close proximity of the strong cigars he incessantly smoked. "1 (See fig. 12.1. ) Ulric Dahlgren's name first appears on the list of room assignments in the Harpswell Laboratory in 1908, the year when he and W. A. Kepler issued the first of their four printings of Principles of Animal Histology. 2 The next year, in a report to the president of Tufts College, Dr. Kingsley mentioned Dahlgren as follows: "His time has been divided between sailing and studying the histology of everything he could obtain. He has had his preparators with him and they have mounted innumerable slides. Dahlgren has just completed negotiations for a lot of land a little above my house and plans to build next year. We find him a most delightful companion. 3 In 1910 Dahlgren paid taxes on one lot of land; in 1911 on two lots. In 1912 he was assessed for "land and unfinished cottage. 114 His cottage still stands, looking quite like a Swiss chalet, with deep overhanging leaves supported by massive wooden brackets, as figure 12.2 shows. Its location was added in pencil to the pen- and-ink map, figure 3.1. In several ways, the prestige of Prof. Dahlgren eclipsed that of any other research worker at Harpswell. For one thing, he had been assistant director of the famous Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, during the summers of 1898-1906. Besides that, he customarily brought with him from Princeton University, where he taught biology, two young scientists to be his laboratory assistants. Dahlgren's social standing was enhanced by the fact that Ulric Dahlgren 99 Dahlgren Hall at Princeton had been named for his grandfather, a rear admiral who invented the "Dahlgren gun" and was called "the father of U.S. naval ordnance. "5 On his mother's side, Ulric Dahlgren had an ancestor who had fought in the American Revolution. Keeping up the tradition of the Dahlgrens as navigators, Ulric and his sons, Ulric Jr., and Joe (Joseph F.), owned a sloop in which they raced against Judge Fred 0. Watson and his sons, Warren and Richmond, summer residents who sailed the waters of Casco Bay also. 6 A bit of European culture was contributed to the Harpswell community by Dahlgren's gracious German-born wife, the former Emilie Elizabeth Kuprian, a musician and a friend of Walter Damrosch, sponsor of Wagnerian operas, who was also German- born. 7 It may have been in the Dahlgren cottage that Martha Williams heard the "very good music indeed," which she mentioned in her diary when writing of Dr. Neal as a violinist. 8 Curiously, no evidence exists that Dahlgren ever received a Ph.D. or an M.D. degree, either earned or honorary, yet he was generally addressed as Dr. Dahlgren. He took both his B.A. degree in 1894 and his M.S. in 1896 at Princeton, and he began teaching there in 1896 as an instructor, becoming a full professor in 1911. His specialty was the production of electricity and light by organisms. He wrote his numerous scientific papers in either German or English. During the first three years of World War I, the Harpswell Laboratory housed from ten to twelve researchers, but in 1918 it suffered a severe setback. Only Kingsley, Dahlgren, and Dr. J. LeRoy Conel from New York University Medical School attended. Neal, as already noted, was in Italy working for the YMCA. Even after the war was over, only seven came in 1919 and six in 1920. 9 According to an unsigned historical sketch attributed to Dahlgren, "So few workers attended that the abandonment of the Laboratory was considered. To this was added the discouragement Ulric Dahlgren 100 that Dr. Kingsley, having reached the retiring age, had given up both his University Professorship and the Direction and support of the Harpswell Laboratory." 110 The laboratory's greatest asset was the respect it had won. Many scientific papers had been published after research done at Harpswell. Also, it had a reputation for simplicity and informality. The major disadvantage of Harpswell as a site for a laboratory was the absence of wealthy residents who might be induced to support scientific research. Besides, if the laboratory was to flourish, it would need to expand, but no more land was available--only a marsh across the road. The six trustees, of whom Dahlgren was one, met in New York in October 1920 and elected him director. He now became, in two senses, the mover. First, he moved to install the laboratory in a larger building. He raised $6,000 of the $8,000 needed to buy the Merriconeag Hotel and its surrounding acres at Harpswell, on which he had purchased an option. 11 This four-story building (built in 1876) stood on a hill commanding a splendid view of the bay and its islands--Haskell, Eagle, and Flag. The Merriconeag overlooked the steamboat landing and--if new laboratories had been built close to the hotel--the complex would have enjoyed great visibility. The hotel was not, however, acquired for the laboratory. After the Merriconeag's patronage declined, it stood vacant some years and was demolished in 1952. In a second way, also, Dahlgren was the mover. He set in motion events that led to relocating the laboratory away from Harpswell. He was still secretive about these plans when he submitted the following statement for notes from the class of 1894, published in the Princeton Alumni Weekly, May 4, 1921: "Last summer I was made director of the Harpswell Laboratory in Maine, and have raised the money which has given this a good start. A year or two will tell how useful this will be. Until then I am keeping quiet. 11 Although Dahlgren wrote "good start," he must have been thinking "new start." The negotiations, which he kept secret, became public just as Ulric Dahlgren 101 the session of 1921 began. On June 24, Science published the news that the Harpswell Laboratory had been invited to become a member of the "Wild Gardens of Acadia" and had set up an establishment at Salisbury Cove on Mount Desert Island, Maine, for the summer of 1921. 13 This place, now spelled Salsbury Cove, is about ten miles from Bar Harbor, where there were magnificent houses that nearly all perished in the conflagration of 1947. Harpswell's historian Miriam Stover Thomas described the removal of the laboratory's equipment from Harpswell: On one hot but clear June day, the "Gadus" piloted by Waitstill Bibber and directed by Dr. [J. LeRoy] Conel, put out from Laboratory Cove at 3:00 a.m. with the effects of the original laboratory and numerous cans of gasoline for the 100 mile trip in the open boat to Salisbury Cove on the northeast side of Mt. Desert [Island]. This took 13 hours and they arrived at their destination at low water. The cargo was eventually discharged and Mr. Bibber returned overland to South Harpswell. 14 In the new situation, laboratory workers found it easy to retain the simplicity of Harpswell. Except for a farmhouse occupied by the Dahlgrens, housing was nonexistent, so families tented until cottages were built. At that time, neither running water nor electricity was available at Salsbury Cove. Even as conveniences increased, the staff consciously tried to retain the informality of Harpswell. 15 On the other hand, the biologists mingled with the owners of great estates at fund-raising teas and receptions. Dahlgren's persuasiveness on such occasions elicited the financial support that Harpswell could not provide. His talent for securing gifts of money was recognized in one obituary that said, "He was equally at home in the company of Maine coast fishermen, at a scientific session, or in the drawing room of a potential benefactor of the Mount Desert Station. 16 Dr. Dahlgren ordered that the first building of the relocated Ulric Dahlgren 102 Harpswell Laboratory be built of wood, like Kingsley's original one, and in the same dimensions as the enlarged laboratory of 1902: twenty-four by forty-eight feet. Curiously, however, that early Salsbury Cove laboratory, now called the Neal Building, displays the same brackets and deep overhanging leaves as Dahlgren's cottage at Harpswell. Thanks to Dahlgren's energetic action and good timing, the session of 1921 at Salsbury Cove followed that of 1920 at South Harpswell with no interruption of research projects. For investigators, the laboratory was open from June 25 to September 15, but for six weeks of this time, Dahlgren and his two assistants held classes in zoology and general biology for undergraduates. I find it interesting that Dahlgren restored (for this year at least) Kingsley's summer school of biology for college students. In the style of living, the laboratory building, and the program, Dahlgren appears to have followed the precedents established by Kingsley. In spite of the move away from Harpswell, the governing board retained the name Harpswell Laboratory Corporation. "Meeting at Salsbury Cove in the summer of 1921, the board accepted Dr. Kingsley's resignation. In January 1922, it convened in New York City and in March of that year in Portland, Maine. At that meeting the location of the corporation was officially altered to Salsbury Cove. One more change completed the move initiated by Dahlgren. The land at Salsbury Cove, which had been leased to the laboratory, was offered to the trustees as a gift if they would change the name to the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. The corporation accepted the land and adopted the new name in the summer of 1923. An amendment to the certificate of incorporation was filed with the secretary of the state of Maine on November 23, 1923, making the change of name legal. At this point my history of the Harpswell Laboratory comes to an end. I hope it will prove a useful addition to the briefer histories written about the laboratory, predecessor of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. My bibliography lists Ulric Dahlgren 103 Dahlgren's history of 1924, Marshall's of 1962, and Burger's of 1982 and subsequent years. Those authors did not have access to the Harpswell documents discovered at Salsbury Cove in 1983, to my family's journals and letters, or to reminiscences of the people still living who remember the laboratory at Harpswell. Consequently, their histories could not deal fully with the founder, John Sterling Kingsley, and the other biologists who were the friends of my parents. Figure 12.3 shows the laboratory building on Graveyard Point, South Harpswell, in 1983, remodeled as a cottage. Figure 12.4 shows the sign at the entrance to the group of buildings forming the present laboratory at Salsbury Cove on Mount Desert Island. Bibliography American Men and Women of Science. Vol. 5 (1982). S.v. "McEwen, Currier." Bevelander, Gerrit. "Some Recollections of Fifty Years Ago at the MDIBL." MDIBL Newsletter 3 (Spring 1982): 3. Burger, J. Wendell. "The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory: The Pioneer Days, 1898-1951." Archives of the MDIBL, 1982. Mimeo. 60 pp. Burnham, Clara Louise. The Opened Shutters. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1906. Carmichael, Leonard. "Notes on Herbert Vincent Neal." In H. H. Neal, The Universe and You, pp. xi-xiv. Laguna Beach, Calif.: Carlborg-Blades, 1954. "Casco Bay Biological Specimens Become Famous." Lewiston (Me.) Journal, Sept. 1, 1909. Curtis, Winifred W. "The Old Tide Mill." Harpswellian (South Harpswell, Maine: Camp Fire of Cundy's Harbor), 1981, p. 37. Dahlgren, Madeleine Vinton. Memoir of Admiral John A. Dahlgren, Rear-Admiral United States Navy, By his Widow Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1882. Dahlgren, Ulric. "Short Sketch of the History of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, 1898-1924. " The MDIBL, Salsbury Cove, Me., 1924. Mimeo. 2 pp. Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 3 (1971). S.vv. "Danforth, Charles Haskell," and "Dean, Bashford." Douglass, Annie L. "Romantic Scenes and Cooling Breezes Attracted Summer Boarders to Harpswell." Brunswick (Me.) Record, Nov. 29, 1962, p. 3A. "The Harpswell Laboratory." Science 41 (Apr. 23, 1915): 603-4. "The Harpswell Laboratory." Science 53 (June 23, 1921): 569-70. "Harpswell Laboratory History." MDIBL Newsletter 5 (Spring 1984): 1 Kingsley, John Sterling. Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1912. "The Harpswell Laboratory." Science 17 (June 19, 1903): 983-86. Bibliography 140 "The Harpswell Laboratory." Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 4 (Feb. 1912): 537-39. ["History of the Harpswell Laboratory. "] 1921. Two untitled pages incorporated into E. K. Marshall, Jr.'s "History." "Leonard Worcester Williams." Anatomical Record 7 (Feb. 1913): 32-38. The Vertebrate Skeleton. With 324 illustrations. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co. [c. 1925]. "Lambert, Fred Dayton." Tufts College Alumni Bulletin, Apr. 1931, p. 15. Marshall, E. K., Jr. "A History of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory." Salsbury Cove, Me., Aug. 1 1962. Mimeo. 12 pp. Morse, Max [Withrow]. "The Harpswell Laboratory." Popular Science Monthly 74 (May 1909): 504-13. Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory Newsletter. Articles are listed alphabetically under titles. See "Harpswell Laboratory History," "Notes About People [and flying squirrels], "Some Recollections," "Summer Visitors." National Union Catalog, Pre-1956 Imprints. 685 vols. London: Mansell, 1968-80. Supplement. Vols. 686-754. 1981. Neal, Helen Howell. The Universe and You. Laguna Beach, Calif.: Carlborg-Blades, 1954. Neal, Herbert Vincent. "John Sterling Kingsley." Science 70 (Dec. 13, 1929): 570-72. Notable American Women. Vol. 3 (1971). S.V. "Rathbun, Mary Jane." "Notes About People [and flying squirrels]." MDIBL Newsletter 4 (Spring 1983): 1-2. Princeton Alumni Weekly. "Ulric Dahlgren brags thus: 'I am earning 111 May 4, 1921; and "Ulric Dahlgren '94," Sept. 13, 1946. Rand, Herbert W. "Herbert Vincent Neal." Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 75 (1944): 170-73. Rossiter, Margaret W. Women Scientists in America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982. Sarton, May. I Knew a Phoenix. New York: Rinehart & Company, 1959. "Some Recollections." MDIBL Newsletter 3 (Spring 1982): 3. Bibliography 141 Stover, Daniel Randall. "The View from the Schoolhouse Window." Brunswick (Me.) Record, Aug. 28, 1903. Republished with notes by Miriam Stover Thomas in Brunswick's newspaper, renamed the Times Record, Aug. 23, 1978. "Summer Visitors." MDIBL Newsletter 3 (Fall 1982): 3. Thomas, Miriam Stover. "Harpswell Hotels in Heyday Were Famous." Lewiston (Me.) Journal. Magazine section, July 2, 1966, p. 6A. "Notes," on D. R. Stover's "The View," republished in Brunswick Times Record, Aug. 23, 1978. "Tufts Marine Laboratory Born Back in 1901 at South Harpswell." Lewiston (Me.) Journal. Feb. 2, 1963. Watson, Elizabeth Lewis. "Science by the Sea." Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1983. Who's Who in America. Vol. 11 (1920). S.v. "Kingsley, J(ohn) Sterling." Vol. 16 (1930). S.vv. "Rathbun, Mary Jane," and "Willcox, Mary Alice." Vol. 20 (1938). S.v. "Neal, Herbert Vincent." Vol. 23 (1944). S.v. "Dahlgren, Ulric." Vol. 29 (1956). S.V. "McEwen, Currier." Vol. 38 (1974). S.V. "Williams, H(enry) Franklin." Wiener, Norbert. Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1953. Williams, Leonard Worcester. The Anatomy of the Common Squid, "Loligo Paelii," Lesueur. Leiden: E. J. Brill, [1909]. Woman's Who's Who of America. 1914. S.vv. "Dederer, Pauline Hamilton"; "Gregory, Emily Ray"; "Lewis, Margaret A. Reed"; "Rathbun, Mary Jane"; "Willcox, Mary Alice." World Who's Who in Science. 1968. S.vv. "Dahlgren, Ulric"; "Danforth, C(harles) H(askell)"; "Dean, Bashford"; "Dearborn, George Van Ness"; "Jennings, Herbert Spencer"; "Kingsley, J(ohn) Sterling"; "Lambert, Fred Dayton." online Retrieved 1/5/2016 AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY: 1898-1993 Thomas H. Maren Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL 32610 As we approach the 100th year of this Laboratory, it seems appropriate to put forth a short history, particularly for the younger people and all those who aspire to that definition. There are rich lodes of material, some not readily accessible except in the main office of the Laboratory. I have drawn on accounts by the following and these are documented in the bibliography: Mary Frances Williams and Max Morse (Harpswell days), E. K. Marshall, Roy P. Forster, J. Wendell Burger, Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen, Marty McManus and, most importantly, THE BULLETINS available from 1921 to the present. My introduction to MDIBL was by Homer Smith. He had encountered a problem close to my own research: why sea-going fish did not have a renal response to a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor while all other vertebrates (except Crocodilia) respond with typical HCO- diuresis. I made a preliminary solution to the problem and have been here for the ensuing 40 years. I had a double affiliation to the Laboratory since a major part of my training was in the Pharmacology Department of E. K. Marshall at The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Thus I grew up with the remarkable advantage of twin loyalties and friendships to these heroic figures of our past. This essay is divided into seven segments covering in each case some 10 to 20 years and attempting to give, in addition to the social and academic picture, a brief but necessarily superficial account of the types of research done through these many decades. My account of our first 60 years inevitably has perspectives lacking in the recent history. In the earlier time this institution was the shadow of a few great men; now there are many players and their lasting influence is not always clear. I hope that some future historian will record in more critical detail the manifold accomplishments in all of these times. I. Beginnings, Harpswell Laboratory, 1898 - 1921 This Laboratory was founded by John Sterling Kingsley (Fig. 1), a professor of biology at Tufts who visualized in the small town of South Harpswell, Maine, a summer school for undergraduates in biology at Tufts and elsewhere, and also a research laboratory. He was a man of remarkably affable character and fine scholarship and to some degree the Harpswell Laboratory was a reflection of his personality. He was born in 1854 in upper New York State, graduated from Williams College in 1875, and acquired an Sc.D. degree from Princeton in 1885. He went to Tufts in 1892. At South Harpswell which was a few miles from Bowdoin College and one and one half hours by boat from Portland, he built the small laboratory that you see in the background of Fig. 2, and in Fig. 3 a characteristic picture of Kingsley gathering specimens on the beach. He also built a small cottage for himself near the Laboratory, and for many years served as director, business manager, host for scientific visitors, and editor of many of the journal articles destined for publication. As he put it, "This biological station is one of the most unpretentious structures one could imagine as readily will be understood when it is said that the whole plant-land, building and permanent equipment-cost within one thousand dollars." The permanent equipment was two rowboats, assorted dredges, abundant glassware, several microscopes and a nucleus of a library on morphology and marine biology. There were no pumps, no running water, no electricity. Warmhearted Mrs. Kingsley hosted women scientists with the help of her daughter Mary. Social occasions comprised Dr. Kingsley and the 1 ladies of his family and staff who entertained guests in the Laboratory's big room which smelled of lemonade, cookies and formaldehyde (Fig. 4). There were no automobiles, and the local stable rented horse and buggy for those who wished to ride about or visit friends. Simplicity and congeniality abounded. Many of the families lived in tents. The shop talk was lively, especially with visiting scientists. Kingsley's personality welded the Laboratory together into a close and congenial community. His energy seemed inexhaustible as was his capacity for friendship. After some seven or eight years, however, they abandoned the teaching_program and the Harpswell Laboratory became entirely a research facility. Undergraduate instruction, he said, was a drawback to the investigators. Interestingly, this pattern was repeated many years later and several times after the move to Salsbury Cove. However, they were not isolated. A boat from Portland left every two hours, making libraries in Portland available, and equipment could readily be brought back every day. During the 23-year period a hundred papers were published. Most unfortunately, the abstracts of publications from the Harpswell Laboratory, which is Volume I in our own series, are missing (but the titles of papers have survived) so that our bibliography begins in Vol. II after the move to Salsbury Cove. Representative papers from Harpswell included the follow- ing: catalog of marine invertebrates of Casco Bay, basic work on the anatomy of the skull in Squalus acanthias, morphology and development of eye muscles and nerves, essays on sexual plants, and most importantly, early pioneering work on the cleavage of eggs in Cerebratulus by the noted Japanese morphologist, Yatsu. Kingsley also wrote a widely-used textbook on the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. 1927 At the end of World War I matters changed at Harpswell. Kingsley departed to the west coast; Ulrich Dahlgren and Herbert V. Neal became the dominant figures who were to play vital roles in estab- lishing the Laboratory at Salsbury Cove. Figure 1. John Sterling Kingsley. See text. Their lives will be briefly outlined now. Dahlgren (Fig. 5), despite his foreign-sounding name, was a classic American patrician, an ancestor having fought with George Washington and a grandfather who served as an admiral in the Civil War who invented a gun which brought fame and money to the family. Dahlgren was born in Brooklyn in 1870 and entered Princeton in the autumn of 1890, graduating with the Class of 1894 and getting a master's degree in biology two years later. He never went on for the Ph.D. but stayed at Princeton as a stalwart of the Biology Department until his death in 1948. He was a biologist of the old type, interested in speciation and specimen collections. He came to Harpswell in about 1908, had a home there and published a classic text called Principles of Animal Histology, built up largely from his own observations. When Kingsley left the 2 Harpswell Laboratory in 1919, Dahlgren became Director and, as we shall see, was a vital engineer in the move to Salsbury Cove. The other moving spirit in those latter days at Harpswell and then Salsbury Cove was Herbert V. Neal. He was born in Lewiston, Maine, in 1869, the only native in our cast. He was graduated from Bates and in 1896 received the Ph.D. from Harvard where he began work on the vertebrate skull. After a year in Munich he went to Knox College in Illinois and stayed until 1913 when he Figure 2. Harpswell Laboratories and living quarters. moved to Tufts for the rest of his life; there he was greatly admired as a teacher. His research was chiefly in embryology, particularly development of eye and head muscles and nerves, and the skull of elasmobranchs. He came to Harpswell early in its history and was Associate Director from 1908 - 1915 He was a prime factor in the move to Salsbury Cove, and the first building was named for him. He became Director in 1927. As described by Wendell Burger, "His wife, Helen, was an energetic Yankee, able, self-righteous, and considered her- self the Queen Mother of the Laboratory, as though she and Her- bert had given it birth. As faculty without resources but with competitive aspira- tions, they were thrust into an environment of affluence." Their patroness, the wealthy and socially impecca- ble Louise de Koven Bowen, had helped to buy the 70-acre McCagg tract (the land east of the post office on both sides of the road and extending Figure 3. Kingsley (right) collecting. to the Bay) and stip- ulated that the house, barn and four acres of land (Bow-End) belong to the Neals for life and the Laboratory was to keep it up. Mrs. Bowen believed that professors (at least professor-directors) 3 should live in style; Neal had a car and chauffeur as well as a motor boat, appropriately named The Dahlgren. We shall never know what Ulrich thought of this. In later years Neal(with H.W.Rand) published a famous text on Comparative Anatomy of the Ver- tebrates. To his own research he brought both scientific and artistic skills and questions of the place of man in nature. He died in 1940; Helen Neal lived on for many years in Bow- End, then in a nursing home in Bar Harbor. She kept keen interest in MDIBL and visits from younger scien- tists. Figure 4. Interior view, Harpswell. II. The Move to Salsbury Cove and Establishment There A new major player now appears on the scene-George B. Dorr, a wealthy Boston aristocrat and bachelor who had been raised summers on Mount Desert Island. He devoted a large part of his life to the maintenance of the island in its natural state and the acquisition of land to protect it against the depredations of civilization. Importantly, he had the ear of John D. Jr. Rockefeller, of Charles William Elliot and sp virtually all' of the distinguished summer inhabitants of the island which was flourishing as a resort for the rich and well- established societies of New York, Philadelphia, Boston and Washington. The record is not completely clear, but it is likely that it was Dorr's idea to move the Harpswell Laboratory to Mount Desert. In the name of his corporation, the Wild Gardens of Acadia, attractive land in Salsbury Cove was acquired, which he called the Weir Mitchell Station. This was named for his friend, the distinguished neurologist from Philadelphia who was practicing cures on the wealthy and neurotic elite women of his time by making them virtual prisoners in their homes while they 4 were forbidden to work or think. Mitchell had no connection to the Laboratory. At a meeting in Princeton in the Fall of 1920 with Dahlgren, Dorr and Henry Lane Eno (a long-term summér resident and philanthropist), the basis for a land transfer from the Wild Gardens of Acadia was laid down, and the so-called Weir Mitchell tract, 14 acres comprising the Leland house and the present dining room and surrounding area was leased for 99 years to the Laboratory. In 1949 Expires this was changed to perpetual ownership after conference with Wendell Burger, E. K. Marshall and the remaining member of the Wild Gardens, S. Rodick. In June 1921 the FRANKLIN laboratory at Harpswell was packed up, loaded on Banger HANCOCK a ship and the exodus Machies Farmington took place (Fig. 6). The WALDO ENSWORTH trip lasted 11 hours, and KENNEBEC OXFORD Bellast the Salsbury Cove site Augusta Para KNOX was established. From the ANDROSCOGGIN Rockland LINCOLN sale of the laboratory at Ashum Harpswell, they were able SAGADAHOC Wisement Both to build a new one, to be P CUMBERLAND called Neal, for some Harpenville Emigrants' Route Portland June 1921 thousand dollars, which was a virtual replica of the one they left behind. YORK (It is on this site that the shell was used to build a new laboratory in 1991.) Dahlgren was the first Director at Salsbury Cove. Figure 6. The Great Migration. They wasted no time in establishing in the summer of 1921 an extremely rigorous course in biology that lasted six weeks, with students working every morning and afternoon collecting, THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY dredging, listening to lectures on animal Statement January 1st to December 24th, (inc.) 1925 reproduction and embryology and physiology. Dahlgren loved to dredge. He ran the course with the assistance of Receipts Expenditures Balance from 1924 587.31 Dr. J. L. Connel of New York University. Contributions 1735.00 Contributions to boat maintenance 100.00 Tents on the Laboratory grounds could be Fees 250.00 Dues 75.00 rented for two dollars a week, and board Supplies 524.99 Rent of tent 10.00 Dining Hall 1503.44 was furnished to all personnel, including cancelled vouchers Nos. 75 86 38.73 Interest 28.12 students, for seven dollars a week. Refund .18 Examinations were given at the end and credit was obtained for college work. For Administration 332.75 the first few years the Laboratory was Laboratory Current 1017.43 Laboratory Equipment 148.73 849.90 still called Harpswell, Weir Mitchell Supply Department Dining Hall 1423.38 Insurance 32.50 Station. The Harpswell designation was McCagg Tract 137.25 Library 100.00 abandoned by 1924, but the "Mitchell Building Repairs 10.07 Station" persisted well into the '30s. Balance 4852.77 4052.01 $00.76 Figure 7 shows the economy of that time; Total 4852.77 4852.73 Fig. 8 shows Neal Laboratory without the steps, the old photography shed (now Union Station) and, most importantly, the Figure 7. Budget, 1925. director's car. 5 In 1923 another major player ap- peared, William Proctor, who leased two additional parcels of land to the west of the Wild Gardens tract and built what is now known as the Forster Cottage and the Kidney Shed as his laboratory. He was an amateur col- lector and made sub- stantial contributions to the Laboratory in the early days. There was continuing accu- mulation of land from the Rockefellers and other contributors Figure 8. Laboratory (Lewis), Darkroom and Director's car, 1928. such as Mrs. Maxfield, Asa Wasgat and Mrs. Bowen. This is all documented in the manuscript of Dr. Wendell Burger. Dr. Warren Lewis (Fig. 9) and his wife, Dr. Margaret Reed Lewis, were principal actors at Harpswell and were part of the move to Salsbury Cove. The Lewises were great pioneers in cell culture and made enormous contributions to the field. Other early investigators and contributors to the organization and politics of the Laboratory were Harold D. Senior, Professor of Anatomy at NYU, and Milton J. Greenman, Director, Wistar Insitute in Philadelphia. The trustees present at a critical meeting in 1927 were Mrs. Bowen, A. C. Bumpus, Dahlgren, Milton Greenman, Neal and Proctor. It was at this meeting that Proctor was defeated in a vote for president; thereupon he left the Laboratory in a rage and became an enemy for the rest of his life. I shall now describe briefly the work of E. K. Marshall and of Homer Smith and their interrelations. Eli Kennerly Marshall (Fig. 10, at age 64 with Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen at age 35) was born in Charleston, South Carolina, Figure 9. Warren Lewis (1870-1964) and Margaret Reed Lewis (1881-1970). W.L., M.D., Johns Hopkins, 1900. Professor, Anatomy, Johns Hopkins. M.L., B.S. and D.Sc Goucher. Research Associate, Anatomy, Johns Hopkins. Picture taken in 1960, when they were still at work at the Wistar Institute. 6 in 1889 and grew up in that genteel city in classic southern tra- dition. He attended the small excellent private Charleston College where there were eight in his graduating class, and he was the only chemist. His profes- sor suggested that he go to Johns Hopkins for graduate work, and so at the age of 19, this shy, inexperi- enced, untravelled young man went to Baltimore. After sev- eral years of an excel- Figure 10. E. K. Marshall (see text) and Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen in 1952. lent life, socially and B.S-N., born Copenhagen, 1918. D.D.S., 1941, Ph.D. (Copen- scientifically, he re- hagen) 1946. Professor, Biology, Case Western Reserve 1964- ceived the Ph.D. in 1971. MDIBL President 1982-1985. Chemistry in 1912. He went for a brief time to Abderhalden's laboratory in Germany where he accomplished little, but quite on his own got the idea for the determination of urea using urease. Upon returning to Baltimore, he applied to the Department of Biochemistry at The Johns Hopkins Medical School. However, the profes- sor, Jones, assured Marshall that there was nothing more to be done in biochemistry and suggested some other occupation. Marshall walked upstairs where he found the professor of pharmacology, John J. Abel, already a world-class figure. Abel gave him the opposite advice from Jones, said he would take him into the department with one small condition, that Marshall attend medical school. This came about, and Marshall received the M.D. from Hopkins in 1917. Meanwhile, he had made a major strike, discovering a quantitative method for the determination of urea using the enzyme urease. He became a captain in the Medical Corps in 1917 stationed in Washington, and there he discovered one night working in a lonely back room on some chemical experiments another shy, skinny young man named Smith enlisted from Cripple Creek, in Colorado where he had been selling vacuum cleaners. The two became friends, and Marshall vowed that when the war was over, he would see that Homer Smith got an advanced degree, possibly in medicine, from Johns Hopkins. Somehow this did not work out, and instead Smith got the Sc.D. from the Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health. We shall return to his story in a moment. At the end of the war Marshall, virtually just out of medical school, was appointed Chairman of the Pharmacology Department at Washington University in Saint Louis. He stayed there only two years and returned to Hopkins in 1921 as Professor of Physiology and began work on the vitally important issue of active transport of dyes and other substances by the kidney. In 1923 he discovered that phenol red was actively secreted by the mammalian kidney. It was the first clear demonstration of active transport in any organ and was opposed by essentially all the leaders in the field, particularly Cushny in Edinburgh and Richards at the University of Pennsylvania. He was undaunted by all of this. He did not belong to the fraternity of renal physiologists anyway, and he was never one to walk away from a good fight. In 1925, reading the literature he discovered aglomerular fish and, after conversations with his friend Alan Chesney (later to become dean of the medical school at Hopkins and a summer visitor to Maine), Marshall decided to come to Mount Desert Island in search of 7 aglomerular fish, notably, the goosefish (Fig. 11). He came in 1926 with a student, Allen Grafflin, and with his wife participated in the rough and ready living conditions at the Labora- tory. They had bad luck with obtaining live goosefish, but he returned in 1927 with Grafflin and did the crucial experiments showing renal excretion in the complete absence of glomeruli which, in addition to his impec- cable work on the mammalian kidney, made it certain that urine could be formed by tubular secretion as well as glomerular filtration. A finding of the greatest im- portance was that the aglomerular fish did not excrete glucose, i.e. it was not handled by the tubules. This led to the develop- Figure 11. The aglomerular goosefish, Lophius piscatorius. ment of xylose and inulin as the markers for glomerular filtration rate, in the hands of Smith, Shannon and the NYU school. Marshall's great contributions in this decade were reviewed in Physiological Reviews in 1934, At MDIBL in 1926, to his surprise, he once again found Homer Smith who had been a Fellow at Harvard and was now studying the diffusion of acids and bases into arbacia eggs and their effect on cell division. Alas, it is not clear what brought Smith to MDIBL. Marshall and Smith were very different personalities, and perhaps it is not surprising that they did not become more intimate. Marshall was rather austere, reserved, had fairly limited interests, did not delve very much into literature or music or art and had no taste for outdoor sports. His great strength was original and imaginative investigation. He was totally honest, outspoken and selectively profane. He had the old-fashioned habit of addressing colleagues of all ages by their last names; at least he did in Baltimore. In Maine he was considerably more relaxed and did use first names in addressing us. Smith, on the other hand, had universal interests in music, literature, theology as well as science. His books Komongo and Man and His Gods were required reading for new arrivals at the Laboratory. Marshall brought few students here and only worked at the Laboratory from about 1927 to 1934, Smith, however, had a major stake in the Laboratory and occupied the Kidney Shed for some 30 years, extending well into the '60s. He brought dozens of young men and a few women, mostly physicians, into his laboratory where he had a profound effect on their future lives. Three of them are shown with Smith in Fig. 12. Another is Stanley Bradley who became Chairman of Medicine at Columbia. Smith's major work was the magisterial monograph, The Kidney (1951), singly written and encompassing the entire world literature. There have been few books in the history of science with this scope and critical acumen. Although Marshall's home in Salsbury Cove was chiefly for vacation after 1934 when he succeeded Abel as Chairman of Pharmacology at Hopkins, he still exerted tremendous influence in the Laboratory by visiting the young people at work and pointing out to them that much of what they were doing had been in the literature for several decades. Marshall's particular 8 favorite was Roy Forster of whom we shall speak later. Roy had once introduced Marshall with a line from Carlyle, "Genius is the transcendental capacity for taking trouble," which he emended to fit Marshall, " for making trouble." It must have been Marshall who got Smith interested in the kidney, although there are no extant records on that point. But by 1928 Smith was interested in water equilibrium in various fish and published a very important paper on the body electrolytes in elasmobranchs. In 1930 he and Marshall collaborated on a monograph, (Biol. Bulletin, 1930) in which they related the evolution of vertebrates to the evolution of the kidney in fish, that presumably arose in fresh water. There the glomerulus was needed as a filter; fish then migrated to the sea where the glomerulus became either lost or degenerated. This theory had very wide appeal. The power of Figure 12. On dock, 1953. Right to left: Homer Smith Smith's reasoning, his grasp of text), Henry Heinemann, Julius Cohen, biology, evolution and paleon- Al Fishman. tology and masterful prose is best seen in his 1932 paper in Quarterly Review of Physiology. His strength in thinking and exposition appears in the "perfect matching between the large and small scales of his subject" (see Homer Smith Dedicatory issue of THE BULLETIN, Supplement, Vol. 28). Smith used the Laboratory for war research in 1942, and when work was reestablished, he resumed high activity, becoming president from 1950 - 1960. Smith established musicales, dances, expeditions around the island and was generally interested in younger people, speaking readily to all of us, particularly those who had sense enough to penetrate a rather rough facade. He became Chairman of Physiology at New York University in 1928, where he remained until his death in 1962. The brief partnership of Marshall and Smith in those years in Maine (they lived but 200 yards apart) was admirable scientifically; Marshall handled secretion, Smith water balance. Returning to the state of the Laboratory in this decade, it was certainly thriving on an unpretentious scale and low budget. Dahlgren was Director from 1921 to 1926 and President from 1937 to 1946. He had contact with the wealthy and influential visitors to the island and instituted weekly seminars by distinguished professors, many from Harvard. In this era some 43 papers were published on plant and invertebrate biology, still with an emphasis on morphology. These are listed in the 1929 announcement. There was only one paper on the kidney, that of Marshall reporting the discovery of aglomerular function in the goosefish. The most prolific workers in this period were Warren and Margaret Lewis, already mentioned as pioneers in cell culture, who developed time-lapse photography showing previously unappreciated aspects of cell division. Unfortunately, there are no abstracts in Vol. II (1921 - 1930). In this period there was an attempt to publish Communications of the Laboratory (1926 and 1927), but this proved expen- sive and difficult. In its place, and beginning with Vol. III (1931 - 1950) the present system of annual abstracts was adopted. The budget for each of the years, 1925 and 1926, was about five 9 thousand dollars. Some of these details are seen in Fig. 7. By the end of this decade, in addition to the Neal Building, the Kidney Shed, which was originally Proctor's collecting station, was activated as the laboratory of Marshall and Smith, and a bit later the Lewis, Halsey and Hegner laboratories were built. There was a small director's office, dark room and our crowning disgrace in disorganization and age, the tool shed. On the Old Route 3 was the Emery House Dining Room and the old schoolhouse, now the lecture and meeting room, Dahlgren Hall. All of this was unchanged until the early '70s. III. 1931 - 1952 There are BULLETINS for the years 1931 to 1941 with no further publication until 1950. The 1950 number, the last of Vol. III (12 numbers), summarizes the work between 1942 and 1949. The 1950 BULLETIN contains the all-important bibliography of the Laboratory for the period 1929 to 1949. Vol. IV, No. 1, gives abstracts for 1950, 1951, 1952. The 1950 BULLETIN lists 217 papers (including abstracts) of which 69 (30%) are concerned with kidney, heart and electrolytes. Of these, two thirds came from the heavy hitters, Forster, Marshall-Grafflin, Smith-Shannon. Although MDIBL was gaining a formidable reputation in the renal field, the large majority of workers-about 20 senior investigators in 1946 - 1950 (the same as in 1930)-were in other fields. These include invertebrate behavior, ecology, anatomy, cell culture, growth of cancer cells, reproduction. Philip White, Lankenau Hospital, Philadel- phia, in these years had an important research and teaching program in tissue culture, housed in the Hegner laboratory. He was the first to grow cells (plant) in wholly synthetic media. THE BULLETIN for 1950 reflects only dimly the heroic and successful efforts of Dr. Roy Forster to restore the Laboratory after its neglect during the war years when the dock was blown away, the buildings somewhat damaged and no funds were available for reconstruction. A remarkably lucid account, however, is given in a pamphlet dated 1946, of the war years, reconstruction, plans for the future, and gentle appeals for money. Due in part to the friendship of Mr. Amory Thorndike who had roots in Maine on both sides of his family and who was now a year-round resident, Roy was put in touch with influential people on the eastern seaboard who contributed to the rebuilding of the Laboratory. Dahlgren was succeeded as president by Dwight Minnich from 1946 - 1950. During all this time Roy Forster was Director. The bibliography for these 20 years shows work on renal and cardiac function in fish. We see the beginning of attention to isolated tubules in various species, continued work by Marshall in the relation between glomerular and aglomerular fish, Robert Pitts' careful analysis of phosphate excretion in fish, and further comparative studies by Smith and his group among the elasmobranchs, teleosts and seals. A major theme was the methodology for measuring glomerular filtration rate here and at home (for the Smith group at NYU). The Lewises continued to be fabulously productive with work on cell culture, the growth of cancer cells in vitro. Marshall left his long shadow in the Laboratory in the person of Allen Grafflin, who contributed greatly to the knowledge of the fish anatomy and electrolyte excretion. A main player during the '30s was James A. Shannon (Fig. 13), later to become most notable as the first director of the National Institutes of Health and in large part responsible for the growth of this unique and marvelous organization. Shannon was a protege of Smith, and the record shows some 10 papers on the renal excretion of metabolites and markers in the teleost and elasmobranch fishes, some by himself and some in association with Smith. Roy Forster tells the story about his own introduction to Shannon and to MDIBL. In 1936, Roy was completing his thesis at the University of Wisconsin when Shannon came to Chicago to lecture at the Federation. Roy found, to his chagrin, that Shannon had done virtually all of the experiments he had done or was planning, and he approached the visitor after the lecture wanting some conversation. Shannon suggested that he could talk better back in the hotel room fortified with 10 some whiskey, and SO the 25-year old graduate student and the young assistant professor from New York spent the rest of the evening swapping anecdotes about phosphate secretion, whereupon Shannon suggested that Roy come to Maine the following summer and work in his laboratory. Roy had never been East, but he took the risk, and arrived at Salsbury Cove, came down to the Kidney Shed where Shannon was washing glassware, and he pitched in a hand. A few minutes later a vigorous-appearing man came in the laboratory, and Shannon said, "I want you to meet Dr. Homer Smith." Roy thought it was a joke, but a few minutes later another man, a rather dark saturnine young fellow, came in and Shannon said, "Roy, I want you to meet Dr. Robert Pitts." Roy was finally beginning to catch on when a few minutes later a tall austere man walked in and Shannon said, "Roy, I want you to meet Dr. E. K. Marshall." Roy was certain that it all was a dream and that he had ascended finally into a renal heaven. Forster's engaging personality and impeccable scientific tastes were important assets when he was made Director a few years later and piloted the Laboratory through the evil days of World War II and its later recovery. A little-known chapter in MDIBL history is the "plague of the red feed" in herring in 1939 - 1940 and Forster's brilliant analysis of its cause. For the only time in its history, MDIBL was engaged by the Maine State Fisheries to investigate the red tide in local sea waters and the destructive skin and organ lesions in the fish. Forster, with no experience or training in mycology, working with two medical students, found that these were separate events: the color was a food metabolite in the intestine, the organ lesions were due to parasitic fungus. His work drew great praise from professors of mycology and the herring industry; I wonder if they knew they were dealing with a talented amateur. Roy went to Dartmouth in 1938, where he has been ever since. His great love and genius was teaching, and he was honored many times by his college. Virtually all of his research was done at MDIBL, where he Figure 13. James Shannon (1904 - ), M.D., was the pioneer, among other things, in in Ph.D., NYU. Professor NYU and the vitro techniques for study of metabolism in Rockefeller Institute. Director, NIH renal tissue and their transport properties 1952-1968. (Fig. 14). He had major influence on dozens of young people here. As Humphrey Davy called Michael Faraday, "my major discovery," Roy could have said (and perhaps did say) the same of Leon Goldstein who has given admirable scientific and administrative leadership here for 37 years. The Laboratory was open in 1941, but only a modest amount of work was done. No BULLETIN appeared for this year (which would have been 1942 issue), but the titles of work are recorded in the 1950 BULLETIN, pages 15-16. In 1942 the Laboratory was leased to New York University for pharmacologic study of mustard gases, under Homer Smith and David Karnofsky (1950 BULLETIN, page 17). The Laboratory was closed in 1943 and 1944; in 1945 Director 11 Forster was in residence, perhaps alone, working on diuresis in aglomerular fish and planning for the future. Wendell Burger (Fig. 15), Professor of Biology at Trinity College (Connecticut) succeeded Roy as di- rector in 1947 and Smith became Presi- dent in 1950. By that time Marshall had re- tired from work at MDIBL but continued summers here until his death in 1966. His research in Balti- more was very com- pelling. As he had done many times be- fore, he abandoned the research that Figure 14. Roy Forster (right) ready for deep-sea fishing, circa 1960. drove him to Maine See text. and which was SO productive, for an en- tirely different type of work, first in the chemotherapy of bacterial diseases, then in World War II on malaria, later on on drugs that affected the endocrine system, and finally on the pharmacology of alcohol. I have written elsewhere a biography of the life of this remarkably productive and interesting man (see Bibliography). The 1953 BULLETIN covering the years 1950 - 1952 contains but 22 abstracts, some quite long, reflecting two to three summers' work. Thirteen (59%) were on renal- cardiovascular topics. Inspection of these, partic- ularly the 1952 section, shows that indeed things were heating up to what Forster called the "summer mecca of the kidney world." Figure 16 shows the Laboratory during this period (and the next 20 years). Figure 17 gives the seminar program for 1952, showing the remarkable Figure 15. J. Wendell Burger (1910-1987). A.B. Haverford, richness of the current Ph.D., Princeton. Professor of Biology, Trinity College, science. 1936-1975. 12 way or other: As, Hg, Sn, Cu, Zn, Cd. In the first year (1986), eight abstracts were generated, and this rose to 11 in 1990. There have been two renewals of this grant which will run until 1998. The Program Director is now James L. Boyer. In 1990 - 1992 the rectal gland continued to lead: 13 - 14 abstracts/year compared to 5 - 8 for kidney and bladder. Transport topics included volume regulation at differing salinities, gill and liver function, localization and effect of neuropeptides, regulation of urine pH in teleosts, work on ion channels and C1- currents. Developmental studies continued at the level of cell cleavage in invertebrates (Gary and Abigail Conrad), and the uterus in elasmobranchs (Ian and Gloria Callard). 1991 and 1992 saw the impact of the genetic revolution. John Forrest and his talented group worked on cloning and sequencing of natriuretic peptide from shark heart. DNA sequencing of Na+K+ATPase isoforms from shark rectal gland was begun. Gene sequencing was also done on the muscarinic receptor in aortic rings and cerebellum. Studies began on the gene expression of the yolk protein in turtles and construction of cDNA libraries from flounder gill and kidney, and alkaline and rectal gland of shark. Franklin Epstein became president in 1985 and David Evans was director from 1983 - 1992. The present director is David Dawson. There has continued an effective participation of the winter and summer residents of Mount Desert Island and the neighboring mainland, notably Ellsworth and Hancock Point. David Opdyke, who for many years studied cardiovascular reflexes in the dogfish, inaugurated and runs afternoon tours of the Laboratory. Particularly welcome are children of island natives and visitors. MDIBL is no longer "the best kept secret in Maine." Hopefully, the character of MDIBL is reflected in this essay. We have been greatly fortunate in living in a cosmopolitan mix of research physicians, biologists, chemists, physiologists, and pharmacologists from many countries and of different ages. We are ringed by sea and mountain with changing light and temper-all inspiring. The future continues to challenge. I acknowledge with pleasure and affection the participation of Heidi Beal and Joyce Hearn. BIBLIOGRAPHY BULLETINS of The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, 1921 - 1993, Volumes II (2) - 32. The ordering of these volumes was complicated until Volume 6 and will be listed as follows: Vol. I. Harpswell years to 1920. Missing; see text. Titles have been preserved, in MDIBL Archives. Vol. II. Yearly, 1923 - 1930, 8 numbers. These are not numbered. Not abstracts but accounts of the Laboratory program. The 1929 issue gives a bibliography for years 1925 - 1929; the 1930 issue gives the seminar programs. Vol. III. Yearly, 1931 - 1941: 1950, 12 numbers. Abstracts begin. The 1950 number contains accounts of the war years and bibliography for 1929 - 1949. In 1946 an account of the Laboratory was printed entitled "Instruction and Research." Written by Roy Forster, it is also a gentle appeal for funds. Vol. IV. Four numbers, each covering the three years preceding: #1 (1953), #2 (1956), #3 (1959), #4 (1962). 17 Vol. V. #1 covering 1962 - 1964 and #2 covering 1965. Vol. 6 - 32. 1966 - 1992. Includes Index to Volumes 2 - 6 in Vol. 6. Beginning here there is a volume each year. Initially the year issued gave the abstracts for the preceding year, and the volume was given that date. This was changed in 1987 - 1988 so that now, for example, the work done in 1992 has the publication date of 1993 (Vol. 32). These volumes, as well as the unpublished manuscripts listed below, are all available in The MDIBL Archives. Amos, William. Life after Summer. Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory Fifty Years Ago. Unpublished Manuscript, April 1989. Bowen, Louise de Koven. Baymeath. 1945. (This fine book, now out of print, is available also at the Jesup Library in Bar Harbor.) Burger, J. Wendell. The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. The Pioneer Days. 1898 - 1951. Unpublished manuscript, West Hartford, CT, 1982. (Transcribed and edited by Marty McManus, 1989). Forster, Roy P. My Forty Years at the The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. J. Exp. Zool. 199:299-308, 1977. Maren, Thomas H. Eli Kennerly Marshall, Jr. May 2, 1889 - January 10, 1966. Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, 56:313-352, 1987. Marshall, E. K., Jr. A History of The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. Unpublished manuscript. August 1, 1962 (incorporates an account of the early history of the Harpswell Laboratory, written in 1921 by J. S. Kingsley). McManus, Marty. An Historical Deck Chair Tour of The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, October 17, 1991. Morse, Max. The Harpswell Laboratory. Popular Science Monthly, May 1909 (in MDIBL Archives). Pitts, R. F. Homer W. Smith. Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, 39:445-470, 1967. Schmidt-Nielsen, Bodil. A History of Renal Physiology at The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. The Physiologist, 26:261-266, 1983. Williams, Mary Frances. The Harpswell Laboratory 1898 - 1920. A Marine Biological Station. Maine Historical Society Quarterly, 27:82-99, 1987. 18 7/29/2014 XFINITY Connect XFINITY' Connect eppster2@comcast.net + Font Size - Re: S. Weir Mitchell From David Evans Negative Subject : Re: S. Weir Mitchell Chil, Tue, Jul 29, 2014 10:28 AM To : Ronald & Elizabeth Epp Dear Ron, Many thanks for contacting me so rapidly. I will be on MDI until the end of October, so let's keep in touch and make sure that we meet when you are here next. My interest in Mitchell and Dorr is very superficial, certainly compared to what you have written. Here is what I have written in Chapter 2 in the history of the MDIBL, which is still underway. The Wein Mitchell tract was in Salisbury Cove. Silas Weir Mitchell "was almost a genius. His contemporaries believed that he was one, an opinion Mitchell came to share. "[1] Among his many accomplishments, Mitchell recruited William Osler (generally considered to be the father of modern American medicine) to the University of Pennsylvania in 1884[3] and was the most senior of the founding members of the American Physiological Society.[4 Like so many of his friends from Philadelphia, Mitchell summered in Bar Harbor in the late 19th century. [5] He arrived in Bar Harbor in 1891 "in order to avoid the new-rich taking over Newport and became "the recognized leader of the walking and talking set which was the backbone of Bar Harbor Society. "[6] The specific connections between Dorr and Mitchell are unclear[7], but Dorr and friends (called "The Wild Gardens of Acadia Corporation"; hereafter termed the WGA) had purchased land to the west of Salisbury Cove in tribute to Mitchell sometime after his death in 1914, and the speeches at the celebration of the Sieur de Monts National Monument two years later make it clear that the WGA was thinking about establishing a biological laboratory on the Weir Mitchell tract in Salisbury Cove as soon as possible[8]. It may be that Dorr and the WGA came to know the Harpswell Laboratory because the then Director, Ulric Dahlgren, heard about the speeches at the celebration in 1916 and wrote Dorr[9], but it is more likely that the MBL was the connection between Mayer and Dahlgren[10]; Dahlgren had served as the Assistant Director of the MBL in 1899. [11] But it is also recorded that Charles Sedgwick Minot (mentioned in Mayer's speech) visited the Harpswell Laboratory in 1909.[12] So there were many academic and personal connections between the scientists at the HL and MDI society. [1] Earnest (1950), pg. V. [2] Mitchell was pioneering clinical neurologist, famous for the "rest cure", and much influenced by his surgical experiences in the Civil War (Carlson, 1938, pg. 475). He was also a famous novelist, publishing Hugh Wynne and Ode on a Lycian Tomb (Earnest, 1950, pg. v), and a poet http://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/amverse/BAP5347.0001.001?view=toc.Relevant to this history, one of Mitchell's poems was entitled: "Storm-Waves and Fog on Dorr's Point, Bar Harbor." To read that poemg here: http://www.poemhunter.com/best-poems/silas-weir- mitchell/storm-waves-and-fog-on-dorr-s-point/. For Mitchell's portrait by John Singer Sargent and more biographical material go to: http://www.schwarzgallery.com/catalog.php?id=78&sort=plate&plate=4&menu=1&group=0. [3] Bliss (1999), .130-131. And Osler wrote a reminiscence for Mitchell's obituary in The British Medical Journal (Vol. 1, Jan. 10, 1914, pgs. 120-121). [4] Carlson (1938), pg. 477 and Brobeck et al., (1987), pgs. 13-21. Mitchell served as the second President of the APS. [5] Osler actually visited Mitchell in Bar Harbor in 1910 (Earnest, 1950, pg. 215). [6] Baltzell (2004), pg. 221. Mitchell's relative importance to Philadelphia society after the Civil War was noted by Baltzell: "S. Weir Mitchell-physician, psychiatrist, author, and conversationalist par excellence-became the First citizen of Philadelphia as no one had been since Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Rush." Baltzell (2004), pg. 152. [7] Dorr is not mentioned in either the Earnest biography of Mitchell (Earnest, 1950) or a collection of Mitchell's letters (Burr, 1929) [8] Dorr also eventually donated land south of Bar Harbor to C.C. Little (then President of the University of Maine at Orno) in the mid- 1920s for a field course in biology. By 1928, this field station was joined loosely with the MDIBL as the Dorr Station of the MDIBL, with Little (who was now President of the University of Michigan and on the Board of Trustees of the MDIBL) as its Director. In 1929, Little resigned from Michican and founded the Jackson Laboratory (thereafter a leading institution in the study of mouse genetics) on the original Dorr site. From 1931 to 1941, the MDIBL advertised the "Dorr Station" as one of its scientific facilities. It was housed in buildings built by Dorr (and now next to the Jackson Laboratory) and was to provide space "primarily for the study of plants and animals in their natural surroundings and to meet a long-felt need of field-courses in biology." (The MDIBL 33rd Season, 1931, pg. 4, in MDIBL Archives) The courses did not attract many students, so they were discontinued in 1933 (Burger, 1998, pg. 48). Space for independent research at the Dorr Station, however, was advertised through 1941 (Bull. MDIBL, 1941, pg. 9). Thereafter, the Dorr Station facilities were encompassed within the Jackson Laboratory. http://web.mail.comcast.net/zimbra/h/printmessage?id=223140&tz=America/New_York&xim= 1/3 7/29/2014 XFINITY Connect [9] Dorr (1998), pg. 12. [10] And Dahlgren had worked at the Dry Tortugas Laboratory in the summer of 1908 (Princeton University Faculty Activity Card 1920, Princeton Archives). The connections between the HL (and the emerging MDIBL) and the MBL at Woods Hole were strong because of Kingsley and Dahlgren, but also because of connections with Frank Lillie, the second Director of the MBL (1908-1925; Lillie, 1944). Lillie was a member of the small Corporation of the MDIBL between 1921-1926 (MDIBL annual reports: 1921-1926). [11] Lillie (1944), pg. 258. [12] Williams (1985), pg. 36. As you can see, my selection of references is rather sparse, but my intent was not to go into too much detail on either man, but to note their relationship. I was puzzled by the lack of mention of Dorr in the Mitchell documents, biography, and obit. that I read, Can you give me a lead on a source that might give me more information on their friendship? Also, in one of the Director's Reports from the MDIBL (2005), he has the following quote, supposedly from Dorr, but with no reference cited: "One of the things in which I have taken the greatest interest, the Park apart, has been the Marine Biological Laboratory at SalisburyCove--the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory." Do you know if this is an accurate quotation and where I might find it? Thanks for any help that you can give me, and I look forward to our meeting. Best wishes, David David H. Evans, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Department of Biology University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 devans@ufl.edu 352-392-1489 http://people.biology.ufl.edu/devans/ On Jul 28, 2014, at 10:33 PM, Ronald & Elizabeth Epp wrote: Dear Mr. (Dr.?) Evans: Jack Russell suggested that I contact you regarding your interest in Dr. Mitchell. I've just pulled his file and wondered whether my resources might be helpful to answering questions that Jack said you wanted to direct to me. I'll assume that you are aware of the various Mitchell archives, the BHVIA minutes, newspaper reports, and the published biographies by A. Burr, E. Earnest, and Nancy Cervetti, not to ignore the references to the good doctor in the late Frank Epstein's A Laboratory by the Sea. I'll be visiting MDI on late September and would gladly bring my Mitchell file for you to review; since you have a "ufl.edu" email address, however, I assume by then you will be back in your academic environs. Looking forward to making your acquaintance. http://web.mail.comcast.net/zimbra/h/printmessage?id=223140&z=America/New_York&xim 2/3 12/16/2017 Marine Physiology Down East: The Story of the Mt. Desert Island Biological Laboratory I SpringerLink Springer Link Marine Physiology Down East: The Story of the Mt. Desert Island Biological Laboratory 2015 Authors (view affiliations) U.7 Horida UFI devans @ edu David H. Evans Emeritus professor, Biology Book 317 Bartram Hall 6 Readers 3.4k Downloads Gainesville, FL 32611 Dept. zoology Part of the Perspectives in Physiology book series (PHYSIOL) 352-392-1489 Table of contents 1. Front Matter Pages i-xix PDF: 2. Beginnings at Harpswell, Maine David H. Evans Pages 1-37 PDF- 3. Early Years on Mount Desert Island: The First Generation David H. Evans Pages 39-86 PDF+ 4. The Second Generation: MDIBL in the 1930s David H. Evans Pages 87-140 PDF+ 5. Wartime and the Early Postwar Years: Bust and Boom at the MDIBL David H. Evans Pages 141-184 PDF 6. MDIBL in the Postwar: The Third Generation David H. Evans Pages 185-244 PDF+ 7. Mid Century: The Third-Generation Redux David H. Evans Pages 245-318 12/16/2017 Marine Physiology Down East: The Story of the Mt. Desert Island Biological Laboratory | SpringerLink 2. endocrinology and toxicology, as well as studies of the comparative physiology of marine organisms. Fundamental physiological concepts in the context of the discoveries made at the MDIBL are explained, and the social and administrative history of this renowned facility is described Keywords Comparative physiology Epithelial physiology Epithelial transport Fish physiology MDI Biological Laboratory MDIBL Marine biology Renal physiology Authors and affiliations David H. Evans (1) 1. Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA Bibliographic information DOI (Digital Object Identifier) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2960-3 Copyright Information American Physiological Society 2015 Publisher Name Springer, New York, NY eBook Packages Biomedical and Life Sciences Print ISBN 978-1-4939-2959-7 Online ISBN 978-1-4939-2960-3 About this book SPRINGER NATURE C 2017 Springer International Publishing AG. Part of Springer Nature. 12/27/2017 XFINITY Connect Sent Re: Marine Physiology Downeast 3 Ronald Epp 10:17 AM To David H. Evans Dear David, My apologies for not responding more quickly to your email of December 17. Not only holiday excuses apply. I am in transition geographically, having made an offer on a new home in Farmington CT. And with that comes the challenges of relocation by mid-February, snow and all. I too bemoan the fact that our paths did not cross either before you closed your MDIBL lab or thereafter. I am not surprised to hear that the current "president is not interested in the past history of the MDIBL" When I was working with Frank Epstein Jer Bowers was supportive but in numerous overtures on my part in recent years, she has been unresponsive--and the centennial of the NPS slipped off their radar. I wonder if there is any way to reawaken their historical sensitivities? Since the spring 2021 centennial of the move to Salisbury Cove is only three years distant, they might be interested in considering a celebratory proposal. Your thoughts? After I received your email, I wrote to Ruth Eveland at the Jesup and suggested that they consider approaching you for a talk this summer. If you do not hear from them in the weeks ahead, let me know and I'll press the case. I too thought that post-book publication would result in me missing research and writing. Yet this was not the case. I had the good fortune of having a superb editor who raised hundred-- if not thousands-- of questions that led me back to primary resources. In some instances I found insufficient evidence to support a claim while in others I became aware that the scope of my inquiries had been too narrow--and audience queries reinforced this impression. Moreover, new assets were constantly appearing on the Internet. So I assembled a list of areas ripe for further research and have been investigating these and integrating the results into talks and lectures given in recent months. I still have yet to find a young scholar who has the passion to pursue the lines of inquiry that interest me. One of those areas is the history of New England land conservation which | will speak about June 19th at the Jesup. Yes, we absolutely must meet this coming summer! Keep in touch with me about your travel plans and we will arrange it. By then I will have progressed through the introductory chapters of your book if I can still capture them for free off the Springer website. Ron 4. Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. 532 Sassafras Dr. Lebanon, PA 17042 717-272-0801 eppster2@comcast.net On December 17, 2017 at 5:00 PM David H. Evans wrote: Dear Ron. I'm pleased that you have found my book and seem to be enjoying the overlong read. I had contacted you a few years ago, when I was working on the move of the Lab to Salisbury Cove, and we had agreed to meet next time that you came to Bar Harbor. Unfortunately, we weren't able to find a time to get together for a chat. I have, of course, read your excellent book about the founding of Acadia, and actually heard you talk about it- probably at the Jesup. As I state in the Preface, I started the book in the summer of 2010 after my colleague and good friend, Leon Goldstein, had retired from working there due to ill-health. At Leon's urging, I had started physiological research there in the summer of 1978 and continued to 2010, when I closed my Lab there. I spent five years working on the book, a true labor of love. My wife and I spend five months each spring/summer/fall, living two structures away from the eastern edge of the MDIBL. I wrote the book to honor my current and past colleagues, and I am pleased that I was able to supply some 150 people and families with copies at a huge discount in the fall of 2015. As expected, the sales have been rather minor, and don't generate many royalties, since members of the American Physiological Society can get free downloads, or hard copies for $50. I hope that you were able to get around the exorbitant price that Springer charges-typical of a scientific publishing house. The book as been well advertised in scientific circles, through the APS, but is nearly unknown on MDI because the current President is not interested in the past history of the MDIBL. The Development Office purchased 12 copies, and has used it for such mundane tasks as determining when various Lab buildings were constructed. The Jesup seemed interested in my giving a talk two summers ago, but nothing came of that. Anyway, I am pleased that 1 had the time, and resources at the MDIBL, to put the book together. It was great fun to write, and I miss working on it. Thanks again for your interest. Maybe we can meet next summer. Best wishes, David David H. Evans, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of Biology University of Florida 317 Bartram Hall Gainesville FL, 32611 devans@ufl.edu https://people.clas.ufl.edu/devans/ On Dec 17, 2017, at 2:37 PM, Ronald Epp wrote: Greetings, 2/3 Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory August 15, 2005 MDI Biological Lab "George B. Dorr and the Early Development of MDI Scientific and Cultural Institutions" Presented by Dr. Franklin H. Epstein, M.D. William Applebaum Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Physician-in-Chief Emeritus at Beth Israel Hospital in Boston. & Dr. Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Philosophy Director, Shapiro Library Southern New Hampshire University Epp, Ronald From: Jerilyn Bowers [jeri@mdibl.org] Sent: Wednesday, July 13, 2005 11:36 AM To: Epp, Ronald Cc: Bonnie Gilfillan Subject: Dorr Lecture Dear Dr. Epp: I am responding to the email you sent to Bonnie Gilfillan earlier this week. I apologize for not responding to you sooner. First, I think it would be helpful for us to get a clearer idea of the scope and purpose of the activities being planned to honor George Dorr. Are the lectures you and Dr. Epstein are giving part of a series of lectures on George Dorr? I know that one lecture was held at COA last month. How will these lectures differ from that? I know that Dr. Epstein is planning to discuss Mr. Dorr's role in recruiting MDIBL to Mount Desert Island. What will your topic be? When we were contacted by Mary Opdyke earlier this year, our understanding was that the folks involved with Spirit of Acadia were looking for a venue to hold your lecture. We agreed to offer the use of our 150 seat Maren Auditorium, located on the MDIBL campus in Salisbury Cove. Our agreement was that Mary and others would be responsible for coordinating, promoting and staffing the event. If you need our assistance in promoting the event, we're happy to do so -- but we just need a clearer understanding of what's planned. For example, I would be happy to write a release, but I need some additional information on the Spirit of Acadia initiative, a brief bio of you and the title of your presentation, as well as any other pertinent info you can provide. Perhaps it would be easiest if we spoke by phone? Please feel free to call me at the number below. Thanks very much, Jeri Jerilyn M. Bowers Director of Development and Public Affairs Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory P.O. Box 35 Salisbury Cove, ME 04672 Tel: 207-288-3147, Ext. 105 Fax: 207-288-2130 Email: jeri@mdibl.org 1 Epp, Ronald From: Epp, Ronald Sent: Wednesday, August 17, 2005 2:52 PM To: 'Grady Holloway' Grant writer MOIBL Subject: RE: MDI Bio Lab Question Dear Grady, Your email comes immediately after my posting of a copy of a Rockefeller internal memo from 1948 that I sent to Dr. Forrest via snail mail. Due to copyright issues I'd like to keep copying and use of this to a bare minimum SO I would encourage you to see him after it arrives in a few days. I also made mention in that email to Forrest the issue of the bronze historical marker. I see that the deed stipulated responsibility for creation and placement to the Wild Gardens of Acadia and so it is plausible that they never carriedc through on their end of the obligation. I suggested to Dr. Forrest that there might be a suitable occasion in the future where such oversight is remedied, placiong a permanent marker using some of the language already contained in the historical display near the waterfront. David Opdyke told me that he had examined on site a box of historical papers that contained early hand drawings of the site facilities, circa 1920's. I'd like to examine this if I may when I next visit and talk with you more about related matters. I'd let you know when those dates might be in late September or mid-October. Ron Epp Original Message From: Grady Holloway [mailto:ghollowa@mdibl.org] Sent: Wednesday, August 17, 2005 2:40 PM To: Epp, Ronald Subject: MDI Bio Lab Question Dr. Epp First of all, let me say again what an interesting talk you gave here Monday. I'm interested in your comment that the Rockefellers contributed 40 percent of MDIBL's funding up until the mid-1930's. It's a fascinating part of our history and I would very much like to read more regarding their connection. Regards, Grady Holloway 1 Re: MDIBL Annual Rpts. & Ron Epp Page 1 of 2 Epp, Ronald From: Grady Holloway [ghollowa@mdibl.org] Sent: Tuesday, October 25, 2005 3:06 PM To: Epp, Ronald Subject: Re: MDIBL Annual Rpts. & Ron Epp on 10/25/05 2:36 PM, Epp, Ronald at r.epp@snhu.edu wrote: Grady, Thanks for being so responsive. I will infer from what you say that he continued his Trustee "role" until the time of his death. Regarding documents for the 1928-1944 timeframe, I would be interested in anything that shows Mr. Dorr's involvement in the decision-making process, whether it was land acquisition, research directions, staffing, involvements with the JAX, institutional advancement with the likes of JDR Jr., etc. Ron Epp From: Grady Holloway [mailto:ghollowa@mdibl.org] Sent: Tuesday, October 25, 2005 1:11 PM To: Epp, Ronald Subject: Re: MDIBL Annual Rpts. & Ron Epp on 10/25/05 12:46 PM, Epp, Ronald at r.epp@snhu.edu wrote: Dear Grady, Following up on our encounter this past August at my lecture with Dr. Epstein, I wonder if you would have access to the MDIBL Annual Reports, the publication record begun in the 1920's. I am trying to determine whether George Dorr was a MDIBL Trusteee until the time of his death in 1944. I have reviewed the MDIBL annual reports at the Acadia National Park Sawtelle Archive Center through 1940 when their holdings end. If these publications are at hand, could you check the first two or three pages where the Trustees are listed-and their terms indicated-and see whether Mr.. Dorr's name appears for the 1941-45 issues? I've begun writing the section of the Dorr biography having to do with the establishment of the MDIBL and I want to nail down any loose ends. 10/26/2005 Re: MDIBL Annual Rpts. & Ron Epp Page 2 of 2 As I mentioned when we met, my initial visit in 2002 to see MDIBL documentation relative to Mr. Dorr resulted only in examination of certain legal documents and deeds. If you are aware of any documents beyond this do let me know and I'll arrange a visit with you when I'm on MDI in early December. Most cordially, Ronald Epp, Ph.D. University Library Director Southern New Hampshire University Manchester, NH 03106 603-668-2211 ext. 2164 In our "Bulletin of The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory 1941," (Forty-Third Season, June 15 to September 15): George B. Dorr is listed as a Trustee to serve until 1941. There were no bulletins again until 1950 and when the 1950 volume (covered 1941 to 1950) appeared, Dorr's name was starred and this, according to the text meant "Died, resigned, or membership discontinued 1941-50." I'll have to check and see what we have other than legal documents and deeds, but will try and help. Any particular aspect of interest? Regards, Grady Ron Sorry for any misapprehension but it appears Dorr's last year as a Trustee was 1941 and not beyond that. Grady 10/26/2005 Page 1 of 2 Re: Frank Epstein & Ron Epp: Permissions Query From "Jerilyn Bowers" To Date 03/26/2010 01:27:58 PM Dear Ron, MDIBL would be willing to grant permission for you to use some of the illustrations in our Centennial publication "A Laboratory by the Sea". However, finding the original images may be more problematic. I have the archival files, but many of the images were returned to their owners after publication of the book was complete. I looked for the aerial image on page 106 and only found a photocopy in the file. I do not know when the image was taken, but I estimate late 1940's, early 1950's. Jeri Jerilyn Mitchell Bowers Director of Development and Public Affairs Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory P.O. Box 35 Salisbury Cove, ME 04672 207-288-9880, Ext. 105 207-288-2130 (fax) jeri@mdibl.org www.mdibl.org Connecting Science, Environment, and Health > > > > > On Mar 26, 2010, at 12:17 PM, eppster2@myfairpoint.net wrote: Hi Jeri, Neartly a month ago (2/28/10) I sent you the following inquiry. I've had problems with my computer and your response may have been lost. I look forward to hearing from you. You may recall that back in August 2005, you helped me and the late Frank Epstein carry out a successful MDIBL presentation on "George B. Dorr and the Early Development of MDI Scientific and Cultural Institutions." Frank would be pleased to know that I've completed the Dorr biography. have secured a publisher (the Library of American Landscape History/UMASS Press), and am now reviewing publisher edits and selecting illustrations. Which brings me to my point. Epstein's A Laboratory by the Sea (1998) states that the MDIBL holds copyright on the centennial anthology. I'd like to use at least one of the illustrations: currently I am considering those on pages 25, 26, or 106 (can you estimate a date for the aerial image on page 106?). Are these images in your archives? Perhaps Frank kept them at his cottage where he treated me to lunch in 2004. I'd appreciate any assistance you could provide. Elizabeth and I will be journeying to MDI June 21st for Brass Week. I'd be available at that time for any assistance I could provide in securing a digital copy of these images and settling the issue of permissions. All the Best to you and your colleagues, Ron Epp https://webmail.myfairpoint.net/mail/message.php?index=2995 3/26/2010 Page 1 of 2 Ronald Epp From: To: Sent: Thursday, July 17, 2003 8:55 PM Subject: RE: MDIBL & George Dorr Thanks for your e-mail and please let me know when you will be here; I'd like very much to meet you. I will go over my files to see if there is anything of interest The Jesup Memorial Library in Bar Harbor would be worth contacting; they have an extensive historical file. I do have a framed letter from George Dorr about the formation of the Mount Desert Island Biological Lab, which you can certainly see. Franklin H. Epstein, M. D. Original Message From: Ronald Epp To: fepstein@caregroup.harvard.edu Ec: r.epp@snhu.edu Sent: 7/17/03 1:49 PM Subject: MDIBL & George Dorr Dear Professor Epstein: For the past three years I have been researching the life of George B. Dorr in preparaion of an intellectual biography that extensively relies on archival material previously unutilized in many of the popularized accounts of Dorr's role in creating Acadia National Park. Of course I am aware of the MDIBL centennial history. The Park Archives, National Park Service Historical Collections, and the Rockefeller Archive Center are among the scores of archival resources that I have utilized. I contacted Mike McKernan recently to determine whetther MDIBL might have archival material relative to Mr. Dorr. In mid-May I visited the laboratory and Mike showed me a solitary notebook which contained the early deeds transferring ownership from Mr. Dorr; Mike said that this was unaware of any other MDIBL archival materials. Might there be additional manuscript resources available for my inspection? In several weeks I will be returning to MDI to give a presentation celebrating the 75th anniversary of the Abbe Museum and would enjoy meeting you and examining any archival materials germane to the history of MDIBL in the 1920's and '30's. I very much appreciate your attention to this matter. Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. 7/18/2003 Epp, Ronald From: Epp, Ronald Sent: Wednesday, July 20, 2005 10:56 AM To: 'Jerilyn Bowers' Cc: 'fepstein@bidmc.harvard.edu' Subject: RE: Dorr lecture Dear Jeri, Glad to hear that you are better informed about the August 15th lectures that Dr. Epstein and I will be giving at MDIBL. I'm copying him on this matter as well. It would be best for you to contact him locally about a title and characterization of his brief lecture. Mine will be just as brief. Whereas he will focus, I believe, on Dorr's role in establishing the MDIBL (as he did in the MDIBL centennial volume), I will establish a context by discussing Mr. Dorr's other Park Service and related MDI activities during this timeframe, commitments that both helped and impeded what he could do to get the lab on its feet. I'm comfortable with a joint title of Frank's choosing if he thinks that is best. Otherwise, my brief presentation (no audio-visual support will be necessary) could be titled: George B. Dorr and the Early Development of MDI Scientific and Cultural Institutions. I hope that this information is helpful. Original Message From: Jerilyn Bowers [mailto: :jeri@mdibl.org] Sent: Tuesday, July 19, 2005 4:27 PM To: Epp, Ronald Cc: Bonnie Gilfillan Subject: Dorr lecture Dear Dr. Epp: Thanks for your phone call earlier today. Unfortunately I wasn't able to reach you today. Thought it would be prudent to send a quick email, given that you are planning to be away. I had the opportunity to meet briefly with Mary Opdyke and Alice Long today about the event honoring George B. Dorr. They came to see the site and to determine the best location for the display. Alice provided me with a much better perspective on the goals of your group and the schedule of the events celebrating Founder's Day. If you could provide me with the title and subject matter of your talk, we will put together some promotional material for the August 15 event. Thank you. Jeri Jerilyn M. Bowers Director of Development and Public Affairs Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory P.O. Box 35 Salisbury Cove, ME 04672 Tel: 207-288-3147, Ext. 105 Fax: 207-288-2130 Email: jeri@mdibl.org 1 Message Page 1 of 2 Epp, Ronald From: Epp, Ronald Sent: Wednesday, June 22, 2005 1:41 PM To: "fepstein@bidmc.harvard.edu' Subject: MDIBL Talk Dear Frank, Glad to hear you are starting to shape up your talk. To answer your questions: George Bucknam Dorr (December 29, 1853 to August 5, 1944), born in Jamaica Plain, MA and died in Bar Harbor ME. He was NOT a member of the Dorr & Hale legal family although that is a common misconception since Richard Hale and his son had such a prominent later role in the 1920's to 1950's in the Ellsworth's Black House (Woodlawn) which is owned by the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations. I have yet to determine who were his professors and what courses he took at Harvard since that involves--as I think I informed you--an item by item examination of the class rolls for 1870-1874. I do know that he did not enroll in any courses at the Lawrence Scientific School but that he was scheduled to be part of a Harvard geological/geomorphological expedition to the American Southwest (Colorado River Basin and the Grand Canyon) but I can find no corrobrative evidence to back up Dorr's letter to that effect. His psychological inquiries over a 20 year span with William James (1890- 1910) comes closest to the kind of science that I believe you refer to (I have hundreds of pages of documentation regarding this area of common concern). Ron Original Message From: fepstein@bidmc.harvard.edu [mailto:fepstein@bidmc.harvard.edu] Sent: Tuesday, June 21, 2005 11:20 AM To: Epp, Ronald Subject: RE: Spirit of Acadia Minutes 6.07.05 I am starting to think about my scheduled talk on August 15. Can you tell me what the dates are of George B. Dorr's birth and death? Was he a member of the Dorr family that founded the famous Boston law firm of Hale and Dorr? Did he take any science courses at Harvard? Thanks! F. H. Epstein Original Message From: Epp, Ronald [mailto:r.epp@snhu.edu] Sent: Wednesday, June 15, 2005 11:13 AM To: t.vining; c.gilder; e.foulds; e.shettleworth; Epstein,Franklin (BIDMC - Nephrology); h.raup; j.goldstein; j.moreira; k.coulter; l.vanderbergh; m.c.brown; m.mcgiffert; r.epp; r.gillis; s.shumaker; t.butler Subject: Spirit of Acadia Minutes 6.07.05 Greetings, Attached are the Minutes from the June 7th Spirit of Acadia Committee meeting and a current Calendar of Events. Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. Director of University Library & Associate Professor of Philosophy Southern New Hampshire University Manchester, NH 03106 6/22/2005 FALL/WINTER 2004-2005 Kimberla S-Heuson The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory Lab Receives $500,000 Gift for Building This summer, the Laboratory received a gener- ous $500,000 gift from Mr and Mrs I. Wistar Morris III of Villanova, Pennsylvania, funds that will go toward construction of the Laboratory's first new research building in 32 years. As part of an ongoing effort to expand year- round facilities at MDIBL, plans for the new 12,000-square-foot research building were unveiled at the Lab's annual meeting in July. It is an ambitious undertaking, enthusiasti- cally endorsed by MDIBL's Board of Trustees who have to date raised approximately $1.9 mil- Architect's rendering of the proposed 12,699-square-foot laboratory building. The lion toward the new facility. new facility is to be located at the eastern end of the existing Marshall laboratory. Specifically, the Laboratory project is a 12,699-square-foot, two-floor facility expected to cost $4.8 million. The building will house the Governor Announces $17.8M Grant nation's first Center for Marine Functional Genomic Studies. The state's efforts to strengthen its research capacity and develop The Center uses marine models to under- a technically skilled workforce received a significant boost with stand relationships between genomic sequence an announcement in July by Governor John Baldacci of a five- and biological function that can be used to year $17.8 million federal grant to MDIBL. improve human health. This collaborative grant, known as the IDeA Network of "This amazing gift," according to Terence Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) will support a partner- Boylan, Chair of the Laboratory's Board of ship of seven Maine colleges and two independent research insti- Trustees, "is invaluable in not only providing tutions aimed at expanding biomedical research opportunities major funding for the new construction, but across the state. Governor Baldacci announced the federal grant demonstrating how effective MDIBL has been award at a press conference at the Mount Desert Island Biological in generating interest beyond the scientific com- Laboratory's annual meeting on July 22. munity due to the importance of our research." "This grant is evidence that the state's investment in biomed- Dr. John Forrest, MDIBL's (con't on page 10) ical research is paying off. The INBRE grant (con't on page 10) 3 Celebrating a Century of Excellence More than 100 guests attended MDIBL's Century of Excellence dinner on July 28, which immediately fol- lowed the annual Boylan Lecture, presented this year by Dr. Peter Agre, co-winner of the 2003 Nobel Prize for Chemistry and an MDIBL alum for his summer investi- gator work in 1994. Dr. Agre and his colleagues at Johns Hopkins dis- covered specialized channels in the membrane of kidney cells called aquaporins or "water channels." These sophisticated channels allow water to pass through the cell wall, while at the same time blocking other mole- cules or ions from entering. For decades scientists were aware that water must freely pass through the cell mem- brane in order to maintain an even pressure inside the cell. However, the appearance and function of these channels had remained unclear until Dr. Agre's discov- MDIBL Board Chair Terence Boylan praises the calibre of research at MDIBL during the Laboratory's Century of Excellence event in July to rec- ery. Under a tent at Laboratory Point, complete with por- ognize outstanding scientists. traits of past MDIBL scientists looking on, Terence Prior to the dinner, longtime MDIBL scientist and Boylan, Chairman of MDIBL's Board of Trustees, and Harvard Professor Dr. Franklin Epstein cut the ribbon to Dr. John Forrest, Director, reflected on the Laboratory's officially christen the newly-renovated Kidney Shed. 106 years of achievements and the remarkable scientists The Kidney Shed, constructed in the 1930's, has who have flocked to Salisbury Cove over the years. been a mecca for cutting-edge research on the kidney for Dr. Antonio Planchart, new investigator at MDIBL the greater part of the last century. This much-loved who will also serve as a faculty member at College of the structure has been home to many of the leaders in kidney Atlantic, was introduced by Dr. Forrest who noted that research including Drs. E.K. Marshall, James Shannon the appointment signified the strengthening of ties and John W. Boylan, a lab where Dr. Epstein and other between MDIBL and COA. physician-scientists have conducted basic research that has resulted in breakthrough discoveries in human health. Discoveries at MDIBL over the last century have included: understanding urine secretion; fish kidney analyses that have led to the development of human kid- ney function tests; understanding the role of the kidney in salt and water balance in health and disease; the first tissue cultures of living. cells from marine organs; and the first use of time-lapse photography in embryology; discovery of animal cell division using marine inverte- brates; the first use of techniques for isolated tubules and membranes to study transport in cells. Also significant was the discovery of the substance Dr. Franklin H. Epstein, longtime seasonal MDIBL Investigator, cuts the rib- Squalamine from the dogfish shark. Squalamine is cur- bon at the grand opening of the renovated Kidney Shed and Instrument rently in fast-track clinical trials for treating diabetic Shed, during the Laboratory's Century of Excellence gala in July. At the retinopathy and macular degeneration. left: Board Chairman Terence Boylan and Catherine Forrest, wife of MDIBL Eighteen investigators who have done research here Director Dr. John Forrest. have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences. Frank Epstein Notes. 8/19/2004 john. Forrest Q MDJBL, beg @ yale. edu 4 Dozzle x0 I detailst afc on Rockspeller's $ Aolo of WDIRLt concenturius Little - (G The Formation of Roscoe inflution calculuin 2 facesen LAB L info on The Fla. CCLIFIC (al commition - Canuregi - nurry infuactin Mayer bet. MD7BCT 3 Details - nene - foundy Me TJL on Dole's usian one lab -do english 8/19/04 fromlin Epstain ,IID. Intervrew MPI BL Seated on bench overlooky neachesen Beg, 3-4.00. - QJ from FE (B) i Classinate? (A) Dorr's Harvard club affiliation? (c) What kind of lean was he? - Statesmalike ? - persistent ? - Chainer ? - political? (d) Family had pround (connections? (e) products work at Haward ? (f) - FE encouraged me to write agreed e July Goldston is 1850-1926 - FE moden time from employers (deate evolutic of 1880's. cweligt). of Science in 1860's - (Q) Bowditch in redicine at Housed (b) Psyclucal reseach + the experimentalism D of era. - FE stressed cup ordin of foing connection Boston as "Athers of America 4 all that extriled, lap regard disciplined expectation of MRIBL=Research Notes. 5/6/05 Dorr Station on groud of John read has Educatroid Clession (c-1932). 7/5-8/A Continey Education No grade. Aims: (a) develop scenific altime (5) fork for original + indus. with (c) to by foudah for from biological wor Ieag Jenneh Stuff Inesthepton & areas of capitane Creem plat terong entomology, smith logs, entomology, zoologg, + ecology. No instruction offered 1929 Much lays in late 20's + eaf 30's threats if in about " interwearn 8 of the noth institutions. hr H.C. Lumps, 1932, C.C. Little replaces Bumps aim 1931 as UDIBZ Pres. 1 board OFTrukes 1921 Harpswell fould moved to Solisher Care + designated as Weir litchell Station. In 1923 forh of nane MAIBL. 1927 Dr. Bonpus Morgaged it & benolformated c - DriLLteis MBL at the latte took non at Dom Station 2 From 1929 -34 Jr. or "the mamisty of this Laboratory's support," Total $18,500, H236K c inflation withplas. Also land. Dorr, Edrel Ford, -llrs. Bour among 'avery few other contributor," Jr. Dishurrants % 4500 12,800 35 4500 28,000 16 4000 13,000 30 25 % 6-2250 2500 5,984 40 2000 4,228 45 Harpowell Lab. (acc. to Mary Fraves Williams 1985 eng n faced "a seven Acthach in 1918. Deding research padrupat (12 enader to 3) after WWI my 7in 1919, 6 in 1920). Ahadout I lah an casibled Ugon distrat "ab Sure of wealty residents who right support sahpa renach Dahlgran moved to install lah in layer c Wild Crude plastic (6/24/21 Science) building but entered inta get at on As cauly as Binnee 1921, that the biologite recriged c the Geneis of great estates at fund raising teast leceptions Dahlareas becours on elecited the 3 financial support that Happewell could Study using Description a aquet of such institutional not provide " who That Door was advancest is nowher documeted bet is most x likely Summer of 1921 "followed that of 2920 at Smith Happswell with no intruptia of allseach projects. "Doblgreen" + he R assistants held class in 200lgs georal borly for UG, Governy bond relave Name Haepswell holserate Copp. Iapt Solishy Cove land, leased to lab, ure offered to Trustee as gift if they would che name MOIBL Accepted + adepted new na in the of 1923, conded legalged certificate at incorporation 11/23/23. Also, in add to now clup that WGA be gue reft to place a brogentalest a houlder mea Main extraise e a insuitte a to histag of land . Wa the even done Z? Also WGA required apporl of lad her dold orlend & that If natured for 3 corrector you for WGA. 5 Rept Read to group portion f for A. em The Does on Vizan for MDI fo L. , dryt Alne read Dr. mayer remarks at 5mm 8/16 Dought letter for Dollars tells me (1916) of organet doing smiling wnt on Casco Bay " Suggested unified work + Dorsproped Saleshy Com as new ate "when Cardition were better & more suvarelly assured. " In 1917 (aut) next c their Twester 7 ogreed to turn over to the seffect & to relocate + establed whatfape + S on syle beeeding "on Saley lad, wash lega Same 1918 Anpt. Lab is replace "for study + lot for teaching " Research to advance haneep called Weir Mitchell Status util. Dec. 123 who name chest tomary Salphy Can is "in delightful calred to Lygi par Hobors fashionable life. + for more in heepy c th tree chante 4th region S. " 6 JDR Jr. anthozed purcha of Karst lad (12/13/28), deeded to Don find "Untol its proper deirsm the purmores ownership amb determined," Darr I Heny Eno, reprent the WCA, met in Princeton to disney articles payment 14.5 acres leon H Haysball hap = Wevi nutchell State In 1921, fructive condition No H2O, no electricity In easy Sup, lab did teach UG. Preor to JDRF Mrs. J.T. Bowen of of Hulls Care ga $25.00 to purches to Mc Caggy brock of so over- Treater ment, September 1922 aput 22, 1921 Deed to lease landfull.org year "for hoologed research, studyiti construction... Dr. 1, 1923, gift of land my 15, 1929, ulease f ay claim apart NDIBh. XX